Cockroaches, or cockroaches, said, commonly known as tea, Old Woman, Touyou woman, peddler, kitchen ant promoter, etc.; in the ancient books, "Ya", the call cockroaches as Fei, Hong lady, negative plate; "herbal" on the stone is called ginger, slippery worm. In insects, the cockroach is one of the oldest species, much in 350 million years ago, has been living on Earth. Because of their adaptability, has long been the birthplace of the African continent by sea from merchant ships, cargo, etc., was taken to South America, Eastern Europe and South Asia, the port city, after gradually spread, introduced in temperate regions, even to the northern cold regions, is now all over the world, become an important urban pest. First, the morphological characteristics Head cockroach cockroaches are Insecta, more than 5,000 known species, habitat and home to two types of wild habitat. Wild habitat types accounted for the vast majority of this purpose, they tend to live in the grass, litter piles, gravel or bark, but also live in ants, termites, bees nests, etc., usually with little human relations. Become a home health pest habitat types accounted for about 0.5% of this purpose, the main subjects are cockroaches, Ji cockroach Blattella Branch and the wings folded, Section 13 of the known species (not including land turtle category). Purpose of morphological characteristics of the shape of different sizes (2-90 mm), color is also much different. Dorsoventral flat worms. Head tilted forward and down while, filamentous antennae. Is a primitive chewing mouthparts, hard palate, jaw to be 5, the lower lip to be three. Well-developed compound eyes, kidneys of, or disappeared; forewings leathery, membranous hind wings. Enough developed for Rush. Abdomen of male and female worms as the first anal x backplane board (below), at its base on both sides of the end of a long section to be 1 to many. The female and male vii, the first web is called web 1x subgenital plate. The end of the male subgenital plate with a needle on both sides of conflict (abdominal puncture) 1 Yes, it is important to distinguish the characteristics of the adult sexes. Second, the relationship between cockroach and transmitted diseases Cockroaches can carry disease-causing bacteria, viruses, protozoa, fungi and parasitic worm eggs, and a variety of worms as the intermediate host. Cockroaches have been shown to bring about 40 of the vertebrate pathogenic bacteria, such as one of the important transmission of Mycobacterium leprosy leprosy, bubonic plague in mice infected bacteria, infectious diarrhea, and Shigella dysenteriae Shigella diarrhea in children vice Shigella, caused by Staphylococcus aureus boils, urinary tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and intestinal tract caused by infection of E. coli and the dissemination of a variety of intestinal disease and gastritis, Salmonella, such as beta-typhoid Salmonella typhi Salmonella and so forth. Cockroaches can carry along a variety of pathogens causing food poisoning, in addition to the P. aeruginosa, E. coli endures, there are such as Clostridium perfringens, fecal streptococci and so on. In addition, the Asian cockroach can still result in artificially infected cholera, pneumonia, diphtheria, glanders, anthrax, and tuberculosis and other diseases of the bacteria. Cockroaches can carry roundworm, C. elegans Hook duodenum, beef tapeworm, round worm, whipworm, and other worm eggs. They also can be used as worm spine beads, short Hymenolepis, tube worms and other tumors in the middle of the host nematode. Cockroaches can carry a variety of parasites, including four kinds of pathogenic human or animal, such as Ami Ma dysentery, intestinal worms such as Giardia. Experimental studies have confirmed, cockroaches can carry, maintain and discharge viruses, including Coxsackie virus, polio virus. Cockroaches may carry fungi. Nanjing and Nantong in Jiangsu Province in China, has captured the cockroaches in the room a variety of fungi isolated from the body, including the large number of yellow mold virens. Although cockroaches carry a variety of pathogens, but is generally believed that pathogens can not reproduce in their bodies, are mechanical media. However, because of their harm, miscellaneous eating habits, you can in the garbage, toilets, bathrooms and other places of activity, but also feeding on food, so they cause intestinal disease and the spread of parasite eggs can not be ignored. Body fluids and feces of cockroaches also examples of allergies have also been reported. Moreover, factory products, store food and other commodities, and the home can be defaced by cockroaches Yaosi economic losses each. Occasionally caused by cockroaches against telecommunications equipment, computers and other failures, causing the accident. Abroad have called cockroaches as "computer pests." Third, the ecological habits of cockroaches (1) life history Cockroaches are insects gradual metamorphosis, the entire life cycle, including eggs, nymphs or adults three periods. Cockroach life cycle diagram <1> mating and spawning Male and female adults in about a week after emergence to mate can be. Males can mate several times a lifetime, but females mate only 1 or 2 times, 1 so that it can be life-long mating fertilized egg output. Females lay eggs in a special glial capsule, the formation of ootheca (egg pod). Discharge generated by the female egg sheath, smooth, quality than the hard, has a waterproof, protects its internal development of embryos. Ootheca shape, the number of female life and the sheath of the eggs the number of oocytes contained in them because of the type of difference is a result of the same environmental conditions can also be cockroaches and nutritional status different. Females without mating, but also can produce egg cases, but generally not hatched nymphs. The American cockroach and the cockroach and a few other types of sugar cane has the phenomenon of parthenogenesis, that females can produce fertile mating without eggs. Cockroaches produce egg cases _set_ for the type of behavior is different from the main room there are 3 ways cockroaches. ① female egg cases in the output after 1-2 days, _select_ the more hidden places, the first bite into a depression in the surface will produce eggs in which the sheath, and then mixing of viscous saliva, chew and other very fine sawdust or paper sheath covering the eggs. They sometimes directly to the egg sheath with saliva stick habitats, such as cabinets, wood (paper) boxes and the corners of the table or debris heap. Of these egg cases that has enough nutrients to meet the needs of embryonic development. American cockroach, Periplaneta fuliginosa and other means of production _set_ to fall into this type of egg cases. ② sheath female egg production, which has been towing in the ventral side, not birth, until the nymph from the egg cases out only when the fall off from the mother. Eggs in the embryo during development, and continuously from the mother to obtain the necessary water and nutrients, plus insect eggs from the mother carrying sheath, which can be better protected. If the egg cases in early fall, in which the eggs will not hatch. German cockroaches are the type of spawning mode. ③ first female egg output of a soft thin wall sheath, spawning in them. After spawning, eggs and contraction of the sheath into the body of the "Education Room", has been maintained to the nymphs hatched. This is a formation of ovoviviparous cockroaches. Blattella way sugarcane belong to this type of spawning. <2> egg Eggs were long and narrow shape, milky white, translucent, lined up neatly in the egg sheath in two columns. Fetal head to the aperture. Hatching, the nymphs up top, so that the egg sheath sewn closed crack and escape. Number of eggs in egg cases containing different because of the kind, that is a cockroach with the number of eggs in the egg sheath can also be due to environmental conditions, and the differences in spawning times, at least not fresh, as many as 50 tablets. Egg cases in the temperature 25 ℃, relative humidity 60-80%, the egg stage about 28-90 days. <3> nymph <4> adult stage 6 of our common cockroach adults have developed or underdeveloped wings, can be compared with the other nymphs. Adults of both sexes present their external morphology of their easy to distinguish: ① the end of male cockroaches have two pairs of appendages, one pair is shaped tail section to be, but having 1 on the tiny needle penetration (abdominal puncture); female cockroach only one pair of appendages at the end, that end should, no pin protrusion. ② male cockroaches are generally relatively thin body shape, long and thin, while the female mantis is hypertrophy, large. ③ In a few species, the male cockroach wings developed, but it encompasses the end, but the female cockroach's wings cover only the first part of the abdomen, with or without wings. One of life history characteristics of cockroach long cycle. To the shortest cycle in terms of German cockroaches, the general also need to complete a generation more than 2 months, the longest such American cockroach more than 1 year duration. Not only because of the length of life history types vary, but because of different temperature, nutrition and other conditions vary. Adult life expectancy is longer, German cockroach is about 100 days the shortest, longest American cockroach can survive for 1 years. Longevity is also due to the different types and environmental conditions. Long cycle life cycle of cockroaches, and their life long. Therefore, a life of fertilized female cockroach egg cases produced by volume and more, the American cockroach can produce up to more than 50, so the cockroach fecundity strong.
Translated by Google
Hardy without fear of nuclear war
Vitality that stretches million years, cockroaches really can not be underestimated, and their tenacious vitality of exceptions in the case of no food and can live for a month, but no water supply, can survive a week, even without the first group of people, can live for nine days, and can continue to lay eggs. Flow of "blood"? You can not help but ask: Youyue will bleeding? The cockroach is not to bring oxygen to hemoglobin, so their blood is not red, but colorless. Only adult, ready to lay eggs female cockroach's blood will be orange, due to their liver vitamin A would create a similar orange material, which material will be sent to the ovary for nutrients to nurture embryos.
Translated by Google
Youyue [cuoke] of the Shanghai gossip, de mon ami
"Wrong grams of" gossip in Shanghai de mon ami, waldner cham Teach people to speak Shanghai dialect, that people are very motivated, some difficult to learn, and then to point the "wrong g". 1. Youyue (wrong grams) A "vicious, bad eye, difficult" all means, you see the examples below, are quite "wrong g", you probably understand. 2. Nue-en Shanghai dialect, the most difficult to count the "daughter", though with a phonetic play out, but still not accurate enough. The word used to determine the level of the Shanghai dialect pronunciation appropriate. You know what is really confusing? Shanghai words "man" the first word and the pronunciation of "daughter" almost no difference, then this nue in the end it is male or female? I am also confused. 3. "I" statement Most people thought it was "Allah", in fact, is exactly that, "We (or my family)," not "I", Shanghai dialect, "I" sounds between "hungry" and "five" between, I'm sorry can not use the phonetic said. Way to teach you, "You" as "you", "Iraq" for "he / she", "that" is "you", "Isle" as "they". Well, now all together, said, "Allah nue-en g amount of the old wrong" ("my daughter a bad heart" - sorry to hear that, cft) These two are from others to see, really fun: 222 read the law: two kneading clay bar (two hundred twenty-two), three 2 three different sounds; A just: that actually mean, try sentence, Iran just Iraq a just stupid (he actually said that she was stupid), pay attention to intonation and pauses, or people think you stammer; Next, teach you useful in combat: 1. "Eat" Shanghai people in love do not say "like", say "eat", pronunciation class "but", is not listening to a little bloody? You guys will ask you "Friends of the woman but the state cutting pull Lennon?" (Love your girlfriend was dead _set_ on you?) "Ai library to. I was really flying colors Iraq was. (You can also. Anyway, I love given her.) "Shanghai girlfriend said your phrase" I have a color Lennon, "than to say" I Love You "better results, as the Shanghai dialect which does not give strength. Boys like girls might as well let you learn with your phrase "I You", she finished you can say "Me too." Well, cheap by your account, remember to send me to tuition. 2. "Ling" "Lennon amount of the old spirit (= you are amazing)", Note: Shanghai dialect with the "old" for the adverb "very / quite / very" end of the sentence, "value" as the tone of the word "ah." Can be a logical next said, "I am old, but the amount of Lennon." 3. "Whine" Generally used in the questions "whine cutting?" (Isn't it amazing?), The "cutting" is "you", pronounced closer to "va". Upside down, "Fadia," is that girls show you a special sweet side, she told you Fadia, basically your relationship has been established. 4. "Ze (dze)" Many people labeled the word "like", but the pronunciation is not the most accurate and pay attention to e made into a yes in the vowel in English, as the following come first. Someone asked, "whine cutting?" You will answer "ze places." Meaning and "Spirit", "whine" about. Shanghai people even say that often three or more "z-e", means "great." 5. "Stupid belly (large)" "Stupid big", or "fool." Most of the time is used in flirting, If your girlfriend says, "Lennon that stupid belly", that is not call you, is that she has been very clear to you that you have shocked doing there; If your daughter Friends do not make good eating, not sleeping well, pay no attention to health, and you feel bad to criticize her as "stupid little belly" or "stupid little belly Lennon!." Unfortunately, Hong Kong, Hong Kong and the "Gan" are homonyms, so in the Shanghai dialect, to avoid the "University of Hong Kong" is abbreviated as "HKU." 6. "Scratch three" (the diamond students to add) More difficult to translate the word, the "morose and inappropriate" means. "Lennon group linked to the three cell types of cutting action? (Not that you do this weird move?)" If you silly displays of affection, the other side was embarrassed, she will pour you a "good Le, Viao linked to three of the (good Rights, stop) " The following is a taboo (derogs) part, just to let you know that in the curse, if you curse you, do not also the mouth, hands motionless, his discretion: 1. Cell Tut / stack tut: "this", if a man or a woman then, almost certainly after that he / she is not good, if you do not care to hear is that you, advise you to go back and reflect on yourself first ; 2. Measurement old: "Chilao", often said that ignorance of the naughty child "small Chilao", I mistakenly thought a friend of Hong Kong Shanghai in possession of this statement is a little boy called "little pervert", which led to a beauty she is not dare to play a Shanghai Gang. "Measuring State tut old," said "hell." 3. Test it: a single sentence can be expressed frustration into approximately equal "shit!", Can also be used as an adverb that emphasizes tone, such as "Le Lennon search that the amount of testing (you tmd cruel hand)." If it is not the first two cases, you hear the one about to test it at the beginning of the word, then 5, which also bring your mother, that the most basic is the Shanghai dialect dirty any more. I tell you I have heard at a Shanghai sports membership lost the world champion after the match in the curse words the phrase 5 dirty words, I was handed the signature of the hand hesitated. 4. HEDY: She is not to say drink beverages, is to let you "die", but there are also individual sadistic girls like on the bf said, "seven-up." If the young man said that the majority of sentence would be "seven-Lennon test it." 5. Wake up hi: "seeking death." In the U.S. I worked at the Madison, the street people on the bus; in Shanghai, said that even the rude drivers do not allow persons with disabilities, if almost hit, you will listen to that guy stuck the window and calling, "wake up hi ah?" 6. Cases Sang: "beasts", Shanghai's own parents scold their children called "careen Sang," such as mother if you worked hard to make the soup in the morning hit the ground, will get a "careen Sang, Nong awake hi ah. " However, Shanghai parents said their own children called "Little bum", that is a pet name may be easy to keep it screamed cheap, especially when the parents open the Shanghai parents asked the teacher is often the first sentence: "Allah the small flat Ai exam three times a cell library to cutting? (My child can do this on the test?) "Listen, if quite modest, in fact, proud parents of their child heart go again. 7. Palestinian children: "gullible fool." Do not the word used in front of friends in Taiwan, seriously hurt the feelings of our compatriots. "Ba" can be used as an adjective, for example, "" stacked one Bava? (This person is an idiot, right?) ", So do the father's very bad day to be a child called" Old Palestinian "(" Dasha " .) 8. Lack of the West: "Male fool." Yelled implicitly say, "What cell Tut nue-Ning, East nue call missing Tut Fruit (What the man, missing a north-south east corner)", of course, is lack of "West", and as to why is the west, not the other, yet to be verified . 9. La III: bitch. You dare to face a Shanghai woman said, "Lennon that pull three" as soon as children face more than five bloodstain, believe it or not? 10. Gue-ze: "coffin." Other parents control their children called "Little gue-ze", in particular, and when people say a child gets into trouble. Shanghai, then pay attention to sound short and flat, and after did not seem to Alice retroflex nasal, some audio also sounds amazing and many of the same foreign language, such as: duck in the Shanghai dialect, the vowel is "duck" sound; Shanghai saying yes as long as a sound can be, yes it is inside the vowels, prolonged say on the line; Shanghai dialect, "not a bad shoe laces before bad" can be fooled into thinking you speak Japanese; If the fat is not good French "heure (time)" in that vowel, it is recommended practice in the Shanghai dialect, "hungry." There are Korean, "Hello", please refer to the previous Feb. 28 on "Knewmetis" behind the article. Added: Shanghai dialect, the most classic patterns "...... not too (adjective) Oh, "such as" that movie not too good Kane "is said" that movie is extremely good ". In fact, sometimes not easy to figure out, such as "Oh, this dish not too sweet", in the end is that sweet food we eat or should I say cook well add the sugar too much? From Knewmetis, re-edited by me