① ancient Greek city-state of slavery Yati Jia peninsula country. The establishment of the 8th century BC. At first power control by the clan nobility noble ◇ civilians and the increasingly fierce struggle, 6th century BC by Solon reform and reform of Kerry Steele Nepal and establish slavery democracy. Front half of the 5th century, to participate in the Persian War, and the establishment of Delian League. After the war, under the leadership of Pericles, reached the height of slavery, democracy, cultural development, and became overlord of the Greek world. Defeated Sparta in the Peloponnesian War, forces weaken once ◇ Fu Sheng, 338 years before the surrender of the Macedonian kingdom. Athens is the most important city of ancient Greece is one of the center of ancient Greek culture and science. ② Greek capital. 8 kilometers southwest of the Outer Harbour with the composition of large Piraeus Athens, population 307 3 million (1993). The country's largest industrial center, cement, chemicals, clothing, etc. mainly. Mediterranean important commercial and shipping center. Historic city, more ancient Greek, Roman and Byzantine era ruins. The birthplace of the modern Olympic Games in Athens stadium.
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Overview
Athens is the world's oldest cities, has recorded over 3,000 years of history. Athens is now the eighth largest city in Europe. Athens, Greece economic, financial, industrial, political and cultural center. Commercial center of Athens is one of the EU. Urban population of 3.3 million, with rural population of 380 million people. 39 square kilometers area of the city, with suburbs of 412 square kilometers. Ancient Athens was a powerful city-state, is a world famous cultural city. Greece is the birthplace of philosophy, Plato and Aristotle University lecture sites are located. Socrates, Herodotus, Pericles, Sophocles, Aristophanes, Euripides Europe, Aeschylus, and other famous philosophers, politicians and writers were born in Athens or lived in Athens, and therefore called "the cradle of Western civilization" and the origin of democracy. 5th century BC and 4th century cultural and political achievements of Europe and a major impact on world culture. Athens, still retains many historical sites and a large number of works of art, most notably the Acropolis is the Parthenon, the symbol of Western culture. Where the origin of the Olympic Games in Athens. 1896 have held the first Summer Olympic Games. In 2004, the twenty-eighth Summer Olympics held in Athens.
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Origin of the name
Athena sculpture, ancient Greek and patroness of Athens, Athens Ἀθῆναι, also known as Ἀθηνᾶ and Ἀθήνη, wisdom and justice in the name of Athena, goddess of war. The city's name is a plural form, because it is composed of several components. The 19th century, Ἀθῆναι officially become the city's name. It is said that Athena became the patron saint of Athens, the legend and the Goddess and the struggle between Poseidon. Athens was first built by a Phoenician, the Poseidon and Athena competed for the honor of naming. Final agreement; able to provide the most useful thing humanity will become the patron saint of the city. Poseidon struck the ground with his trident and changed out of a horse. The Athena had an olive tree - a symbol of peace and prosperity. The horse is considered to be representative of struggle and sorrow, Athens was named after the goddess of Athens, the goddess of the city quickly into her protection.
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History
Athens is in Europe and even the world's oldest cities, dating back to 3000 years ago. 1000 BC, Athens became the core of the ancient Greek city. From the late 9th century BC to the early 8th century, Athens has luxurious aristocratic tombs, iron and bronze production has also developed rapidly, to create States - the extent of early slavery. Solon of Athens city-state's first consul, shelter Citra map is his successor. In their control period, a significant industrial and commercial development in Athens. 5th century BC, became the cradle of Western culture. 吕卡维多斯 mountain overlooking Athens from the distance to the Acropolis In 492 BC, Hippocrates the outbreak of war, the Persian campaign in several major failures have been, until 449 BC, Hippocrates two sides concluded a peace that ended the war. In June 431 BC, Athens and the Peloponnesian War between Sparta, which lasted more than twenty years, to Athens ended in failure. Athens Middle Ages began to decline during the reign of the Byzantine Empire, has been recovered. During the jihad, Athens and Italy as trade and a prosperous future. During the reign of the Ottoman Empire, Athens re-decline. The 19th century, Athens became the capital of independent Greece. 1920s, due to the outbreak of war, a large number of Turkish Anatolia from the influx of refugees in Athens, also to expand the population of Athens. Today about half of the Greek population lives in Athens.
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Location
Location Athens, the center of Athens in Attica plains, towering mountains all around. Rio west Edgar Hill, north Pani Sa Hill, north-east is the Pang Terry Hill, east Toth Imi Hill, south-west is Shengluonike Bay. The geographical structure of the Athens lead to inversion phenomenon, but also serious air pollution in recent years, one of the reasons. (Los Angeles and Athens have the same geographical structure, there are similar problems.) Since the 1990s, the local government adopted a series of measures to improve air quality, and gradually see results, and now the city of Athens has been less able to see the smoke. Athens is located in the Mediterranean climate zone, and alpine climatic zones of the junction point is a typical Mediterranean climate, from mid-October each year to mid-April next year has a lot of precipitation; summer rainfall is very small, usually a heavy rain or thunderstorms. Athens is located in the rain shadow, Athens and other European cities in the Mediterranean climate is very dry compared. Foothills of the northern outskirts of slightly different climate, winter temperatures lower, relatively more snow. Fog is rare in the city center, but in the east of the mountains surrounding areas Toth Imi more. Athens snow almost every winter, spring and autumn is ideal for sightseeing and outdoor activities organized by season. Higher summer temperatures, the average maximum temperature of 32 ° C. Each year during the month of July 8 occasional heat waves, the maximum temperature exceeded 38 ° C. June 27, 2007, Athens reached the highest since meteorological records of temperature of +46.2 ° C, or 115.1 ° F. February 2004 storm period, the Athens Observatory observed a minimum temperature of -10.1 ° C Athens, mild climate, a tropical Mediterranean climate. Warm and humid in winter, summer dry, sunny, the annual mean minimum temperature of 0 ℃, the highest temperature is 37 ℃
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Administrative division
Athens City, Athens, 7 blocks from the main Greek War of Independence in 1832 and has been the capital of Greece. Athens is the Athens Attica region and the state capital. Attica region Athens Attica area is the most densely populated region of Greece, has four states, including the state of Athens, East Attica state, Piraeus Utica State and West Africa. The total area of 3,808 square kilometers. Athens State State of the cities of Athens, Athens, Piraeus, 珀里斯特拉 and Cali in Asia. Every city has its own independent parliament and elected mayor. Athens Athens City, Athens, 7 main blocks divided into a total of 7 districts. Areas primarily to the division of administrative management purposes. While the Athenians still like to use their own unique way to divide the district, each district has its own history and the different characteristics of these traditional areas, including Pug Lahti (Pangrati), Amu Bi Laoke ratio (Ambelokipi), Yi Ha Rhea (Exarhia), up / down Patti Isaiah (Ano and Kato Patissia), Lise Ya (Ilissia), up / down 佩特拉洛纳 (Ano and Kato Petralona), 佩特拉洛纳 (Petralona), Mei Heights (Mets), Colonna its (Koukaki) and Kepu Se ri (Kypseli).
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Population
Athens, official data for the 745,514 population of the entire metropolitan area is 380 million (including suburbs). In fact this figure higher than the population as a census every ten years, many residents of Athens, returned to his birthplace, in the local register. And Athens, there are many unregistered migrants, mostly from Albania and other Eastern European countries. Address city was first built on the Acropolis hill where, when Piraeus was a separate city, and now and Athens together into one. Cities in the 50's and 60's expanded rapidly during this period an agricultural country into Greece from the industrial countries.
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Culture
Philosophy Louvre Museum, Portrait of Socrates and his student Plato, Socrates and Plato's student Aristotle was known as the "Greek Three Yin." Socrates was born in Athens, was later widely considered the founder of Western philosophy. Plato wrote many philosophical dialogues, and in Athens, Plato founded the renowned Institute. Plato, Aristotle University in more than 20 years of life, in the extensive writings have left many fields, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, biology, zoology, logic, politics, government, and ethics. Literature Fifth century BC, produced three comic poets of Athens: 克拉提诺斯, OU Bo Ellis, and Aristophanes. Aristophanes passed down only some of the complete works, known as the Greek "Father of Comedy." Legend of a total of 44 works of Aristophanes, is the only 11, including "A Kanai," and "bird" and "peace" and so on.
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Economy
Athens, in addition to olives, but also rich in high-quality marble. Weng Yi Rui Keti temple in Athens is well developed tourism industry, has become an important pillar of the economy of Athens.
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Travel
Weng Yi Rui Keti Acropolis temple (Ακρόπολη) is the most outstanding ancient Greek buildings, the center of religious and political. The existing main building entrance, the Parthenon, the temple Yirui gram Weng, Ailei He repairs the temple and so on. These ancient buildings are fine human heritage and architecture, has an important position in the history of architecture. All directions from Athens can be seen standing on the Acropolis hill to the top of the Parthenon, the ancient is said to have been enshrined here, the Athena statue as high as 10m, is one of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world-famous. The Parthenon was built in 447 BC, is a famous architect and sculptor Phidias's masterpiece. The government is currently in Athens to protect the maintenance and repair of the temple. Weng Yi Rui Keti temple is located in the north of the Parthenon, built in 421 BC to 405 years. South west, with a statue of a young woman instead of columns, full of creativity and beauty. British Museum portico of Ionic-style columns positive ratio scale so closely follows the Acropolis temple Weng Yi Rui gram column. Temple of Olympian Zeus from the built in 515 BC, but until the 2nd century AD during the reign of the Emperor Hadrian was built to complete. It is said that the original 104 magnificent colonnade, the current remaining 12.
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Traffic
Athens is Greece's rail and air hub. The train can reach Central and Western Europe. Athens city traffic developed, about 80 million vehicles per day street driving. Athens is the world's older cities have a subway, subway opened in 1925, 25.7 km long. Athens since the World War I, has been Greece's economy and trade center. It has an important port of Greece - Piraeus, and their associated rail. Piraeus port can accommodate a variety of seagoing vessels, with thousands of registered merchant ships.
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With the nickname "Athens" in English place names
East Athens (Athens of the East) - India Madurai West Athens (Athens of the West) - Berkeley, California South of Athens (Athens of the South) - Nashville, Tennessee North of Athens (Athens of the North) - Edinburgh, Scotland, UK North America Athens (Athens of North America) - Boston, Massachu_set_ts Spree River in Athens (Spree Athens) - Berlin, Germany Isa River Athens (Athens on the Isar) - Munich, Germany Cuba Athens (Athens of Cuba) - 古巴马坦萨斯 Latin America, Athens (Athens of Latin America) - Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic Finland Athens (Athens of Finland) - Jyvaskyla, Finland Athens Serbia (Serbian Athens) - Republic of Serbia Nuowei Sa Rogue River Bode Athens (Athens of the Bodrog) - Hungary Shaluo Shi Pataki g Lusitania Athens (Lusa Athens) - Coimbra, Portugal Athens, Brazil (Brazilian Athens) - Brazil St. Louis Minas Gerais Athens (Athens of Minas Gerais) - 巴西茹伊斯 - Defoe Athens Sardinia (Sardinian Athens) - Italy Sardinia Nuoro Florida Athens (Athens of Florida) - Deland, Florida The southern hemisphere, Athens (Athens of the Southern Hemisphere) - New 西兰达尼丁 South America's Athens (Athens of South America) - Bogota, Colombia
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Emergency Phone
In Athens, if an emergency police call to 100 reporting; tourist police 171 calls, coastal patrol police force telephone 108.
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Encyclopedia
Yadian Athens Athinai Historic city. 12th century BC, the Mycenaean Acropolis hill in building walls (see color pictures corner of Constitution Square Athens, Greece), which is the prototype of Athens. 8th century BC Ionian city-states in the establishment of slavery, prospered after the 6th century BC, once the status of the joint chief city-states formed the Delian League Greece, the first 538 years and in the Acropolis hill built the temple of Athena (Athens, hence the name) and other religious buildings, world-famous Acropolis. _Set_ up before the 5th century Athenian Empire, a Mediterranean power. 2nd century BC and incorporated into the Roman territory. After the 4th century AD, the Byzantine Eastern Roman Empire is. 1458 by the Turkish occupation, ruled for nearly 400 years. Became capital of the Kingdom of Greece in 1830. The country's largest city and the Mediterranean region is an important commercial center. There are textiles, carpets, chemicals, leather, tobacco, wine, flour and food industries. National transportation center, shipping center in the Eastern Mediterranean. A railway through the Peloponnese and Thessaloniki and other places and connecting rail lines in Eastern Europe. Nicosia International Airport, the city's Ellis in the Eastern Mediterranean region is an important aviation center. Piraeus and Cairo, Naples, Marseille and London, have regular shipping between cities, is the largest foreign trade port of Greece, the main exports of tobacco, wine, olive oil, bauxite and magnesium and other agricultural and mineral raw materials, imported coal, oil, grain, timber and machinery. Concord Square near the city's most prosperous areas, focus on a number of large stores, hotels, banks, restaurants and newspapers. North and east of the Acropolis is the administrative and cultural district, near the Royal Palace (now the Greek Parliament is located), the king's residence and national parks, the park was built in the 4th century BC near the Pan-Athenian Stadium, the stadium by the redevelopment, 1896 In the first Olympic Games were held. Southwest and near the port city of commercial and industrial areas. The old city north of the residential areas, streets are narrow and twisty. New residential areas in the suburbs. (Zhou Tong)