guó jiā : lián : zhōng > tǎn
xiǎnshìdìtú
mùlù
guódù
   tǎn gòng guó( theRepublicofKazakhstan)。《 cǎo yuánde míng chēng zuì zǎo chū xiàn zài gōng yuán qián 6~7 shì de wén xiàn zhōngluó kāng shì tǎn dīng liú gěi 'ér de zhǔ zhōng shuō zài wài wéi yòu zhe cǎo yuánzài guò sōu qiáng tuì qián bèn dèng gǒu shàn dàng ?13-959 nián dài zhī jiān chēng zhī dài rén fàn zhǐ jīn zhōng dài de dài yóu luò sài rén sūnyuè shì děng děng…… ér zhè xiē dài yóu luò zhèng shì xiàn dài rén de xiānxiàn zài zài shǐ jiè cún zài zhǒng cuò de guān niàn jiù shì shǐ cóng 1456 nián de hàn guó de chéng kāi shǐ tǎn guó
   guó
   tǎn guó chéng héng cháng fāng xíngcháng kuān zhī wéi 2: 1。 wéi qiǎn lán miàn zhōng jiān shì lún jīn de tài yáng xià yòu zhǐ zhǎn chì fēi xiáng de xióng yīngkào gān yòu chuí zhí shù tiáowéi chuán tǒng de jīn huā wén 'ànqiǎn lán shì rén mín 'ài de chuán tǒng yán huā wén 'àn cháng zài mín de tǎn shì zhōng jiàn dào xiǎn shì chū rén mín de cōng míng zhì huìjīn tài yáng xiàng zhēng guāng míng wēn nuǎnxióng yīng xiàng zhēng yǒng gǎn tǎn 1991 nián 12 yuè hòu cǎi yòng guó
   guó huī tǎn guó huī
   tǎn guó huī chéng yuán xíngyuán miàn zhōng jiān shì rén de máo zhān zhàng péng yuán dǐng 'ànliǎng wéi jùn shàng duān shì jiǎo xīngxià duān de shì dài shàng yòng wén xiě zhe tǎn
   guó huā
   jīn xiāng ( bǎi : Qizghaldaq)
   guó jiā zhèng yào
   zǒng tǒng 'ěr dān · ā shè · zhā 'ěr NursultanAbishuliNazarbayev, 91 nián yuè chū rèn hòu shǒu rèn zǒng tǒng, 2006 niányuè zài dāng xuǎnrèn zhì 2010 nián
   rén kǒu
  1610 wàn( 2009 nián 3 yuè)。 tǎn shì duō mín guó jiāyóu mín chéngzhù yào yòu ( 67 )、 é luó 'ěr màn lán hái yòu bié wéi 'ěr cháo xiān mín duō xìn fèng lán jiàoxùn pài), hái yòu dōng zhèng jiào jiào jiào wèiguó é zài guó jiā guān fāng zhì guān tóng wéi zhèng shì shǐ yòng de yán
   shǒu
   ā (Astana), yòu rén kǒu 41 wànā yuán míng 'ā (Aqmola),199 nián12 yuè zhèng shì dài 'ā (Almati) chéng wéi shǒu ,199 nián yuè gǎi wéi xiàn míng
   huò
   jiān zhōng wén yòu míng tàn téng )。 rén mín bǐlǜ yuē wéi 16 jiān 1 rén mín zài 1993 nián 11 yuè kāi shǐ shǐ yòng dài yuán lái de 'é luó
   rán
   miàn wéi272. wàn píng fāng gōng wéi chù zhōng de nèi guó bīn hǎishì shì jiè shàng miàn zuì de nèi guódōng nán lián jiē zhōng guó xīn jiāngběi lín 'é luó nán bié tǎn màn tǎn 'ěr tǎn jiē rǎngduō wéi píng yuán shǔ xìng hòu,1 yuè píng jūn wēn 19 zhì-4℃,7 yuè píng jūn wēn19℃ zhì26℃。 nán shǔ lán hǎi yán 'àn zhōngdōng shǔ qiū língdōng yuán duō shān bàn huāng huāng dài yuē zhàn quán jìng miàn de 60%。 wēn dài xìng hòupíng yuán nián jiàng shuǐ liàng yuē 100~300 háo shān 800~1, 500 háo wǎng shǎozhù yào liú yòu 'é 'ěr shàng yóu zài zhōng guó 'ā tài)、 'ěr chǔ děngyòu 'ěr shí děng húpōtóngqiānxīn de chǔ liàng fēng hái yòu méitiěshí yóutiān rán kuànglín huī shí děng
   shí jiān
   zhōng biāo zhǔn shí jiān
   lín zhì shí jiān zǎo 6 xiǎo shí běi jīng shí jiān wǎn 2 xiǎo shí shí jiān yàng
   xīn wén chū bǎn
   jié zhǐ2000 nián gòng yòu xīn wén méi 2500 jiābào kān1500 zhǒngguǎng diàn shì děng diàn méi 600 jiā lèi tōng xùn shè15 jiāzhù yào bào kān yòu:《 tǎn zhēn bào》 (AikynGazeti)、《 zhù quán tǎn bào》( wén) (EgemenQazaqstan)、《 quán jǐng bào》( zhōu bào)、《 shí zhōu bàoshāng duì zhōu bào》。 yōng yòu yòng 'éwéi děng duō zhǒng yán yīn de guǎng diàn tái diàn shì táié chū zhàn 40% shàngguó jiā guān fāng diàn tái yòujiāgòngtào jié měi tiān chū shí jiān jìn80 xiǎo shí。3 guó jiā guān fāng diàn shì tái 20 duō fāng zhèng fēi guān fāng shāng diàn shì tái měi tiān zhuǎn 'é luó jiā diàn shì tái de jié 。《 tǎn tōng xùn shè》 (Qazaqparat) shì wéi de guó jiā tōng xùn shè
   guó míng suō xiě .kz
   cháng diàn huà dài 7
   shǐ
   yuán wéi hàn guó lǐng shí jiǔ shì shàng bàn hàn guó fēn zhú bìng 'éér hàn guó dōng zhàngyòu chēng yòu luò luò wèi 'é luó kuò zhāng qīng guó
   gōng yuán qián 5~10 shì zài xiàn tǎn lǐng shàng jiàn guò wáng wéi shǒu de sài rén de hàn guó zhōng de jiān mào sài rén jiù shì xiàn dài rén de xiāngōng yuán qián 1 shì zuǒ yòu yòu jiàn liǎo sūn hàn guóbìng dāng shí de hàn wáng cháo jiàn liǎo píng děng de wài jiāo guān gōng yuánshì zhōng ~8 shì jiàn liǎo jué hàn guó。9 ~12 shì céng jiàn 'ào guó hàn guó。11 ~13 shì dān rén měnggǔ rén xiāng qīn 。15 shì chéng hàn guófēn wéi zhàngzhōng zhàngxiǎo zhàng。16 shì chū běn xíng chéng 。18 shì sān shí nián dàixiǎo zhàng zhōng zhàng bìng 'é luó guó。19 shì zhōng hòu quán jìng chǔyú 'é luó tǒng zhì zhī xiàér rén de dōng guī shǔ zhōng guó。1917 nián11 yuè jiàn wéi 'āi zhèng quán。1920 niányuè26 jiàn guī shǔ 'é luó lián bāng de 'ěr wéi 'āi shè huì zhù zhì gòng guó。1925 niányuè19 gǎi chēng wéi 'āi shè huì zhù zhì gòng guó。1936 nián12 yuè dìng míng wéi wéi 'āi shè huì zhù gòng guótóng shí jiā liánchéng wéi lián de jiā méng gòng guó。1990 nián10 yuè25 zuì gāo wéi 'āi tōng guò liǎo guó jiā zhù quán xuān yán。1991 nián12 yuè10 gēngmíng wéi tǎn gòng guótóng nián12 yuè16 tōng guò guó jiā 》, zhèng shì xuān ,21 jiā lián
   zhèng zhì
   xiàn guī dìng shìmín zhù defēi zōng jiào de tǒng de guó jiā”; wéi zǒng tǒng zhì gòng guózǒng tǒng wèiguó jiā yuán shǒushì jué dìng guó jiā duì nèi duì wài zhèng běn fāng zhēn bìng zài guó guān zhōng dài biǎo de zuì gāo guó jiā guān yuánshì rén mín guó jiā zhèng quán tǒng xiàn dòng yáo xìnggōng mín quán yóu de xiàng zhēng bǎo zhèngguó jiā zhèng quán xiàn wéi chǔgēn xíng zhèng sān quán fēn yòu xiāng zuò yòngxiāng zhì yuēxiāng píng héng de yuán xíng shǐ zhí néngzǒng tǒng wéi rèn niánzǒng tǒng rèn mìng de zǒng zǒng wài jiāoguó fángcái zhèngnèi cháng 'ān quán wěi yuán huì zhù jīng zuì gāo wéi 'āi tóng huì shì guó jiā zuì gāo dài biǎo gòuxíng shǐ zhí néngyóu shàng xià liǎng yuàncān yuàn chéngshàng yuàn rèn niánxià yuàn rèn niánzhù yào zhí néng shìtōng guò gòng guó xiàn bìng duì jìn xíng xiū gǎi chōngtóng zǒng tǒng duì zǒng guó jiā 'ān quán wěi yuán huì zhù zǒng jiǎn chá chángguó jiā yínháng xíng cháng de rèn mìng zhǔn fèi chú guó tiáo yuē zhǔn guó jiā jīng shè huì zhǎn jìhuàguó jiā suàn jìhuà zhí xíng qíng kuàng de bào gào děngzài huì duì zhèng chū xìn rèn 'ànliǎng jué zǒng tǒng duì zǒng rèn mìngyīn huì liǎng yuàn zhī jiān huò huì guó jiā zhèng quán mén zhī jiān jiě jué de fēn 'ér yǐn zhèng zhì wēi shízǒng tǒng yòu quán jiě sàn huì yuán yóu xuǎn mín zhí jiē tóu piào de fāng shì xuǎn chǎn shēng
   jīng
   shí yóucǎi kuàngméi tàn nóng wéi zhùjiā gōng gōng zhì zào qīng gōng xiāng duì luò hòu fēn yòng xiāo fèi pǐn kào jìn kǒu rán yuán shí fēn fēng tàn míng de kuàng cáng yòu90 duō zhǒngméitiětóngqiānxīn chǎn liàng fēng 。 1984 nián chǎn méi 12, 570 wàn dūnshāng pǐn tiě kuàng shí 2, 400 wàn dūn chǔ liàng zhàn shì jiè wèi lín kuàng shí zhàn 'èr wèitóngqiānxīn lín de chǔ liàng zhàn zhōu wèi wàitiěméishí yóutiān rán de chǔ liàng jiào fēng tàn míng de shí yóu chǔ liàng 100 dūnméi chǔ liàng wéi39 .4 dūntiān rán chǔ liàng wéi11700 wàn fāng sēn lín yíng zào lín2170 wàn gōng qǐng biǎo shuǐ yuán530 fāng húpō shuǐ 7600 duō gēng zhòngzhí chūn xiǎo mài wéi zhù de liáng shí zuò hái chǎn mián huātián càiyān cǎo děngxùmù shèngshōu chǎng zhàn nóng yòng 80%。 yáng zhǐ zǒng tóu shù yáng máo chǎn liàng zài jīng zhōng jūn zhàn zhòng yào wèi tiě yùn shū wéi zhùgōng yùn shūguǎn dào yùn shū háng kōng yùn shū jiào zhòng yàozhù yào chéng shì yòu 'ā ā gān kěn luò 'ěr děng
   tǎn shì shì jiè chǎn mián guómián huā zhòngzhí biàn quán guó zhōudàn zhù yào zhōng zài dōng shā duō rán tiáo jiàn chā gēng miàn xiǎo qián tǎn gēng yuē 450 wàn gōng qǐngér zhōng mián huā zhòngzhí miàn jiù yuē zhàn sān fēn zhī 150 wàn gōng qǐngnián chǎn mián 400 wàn dūnmián huā chǎn liàng zhàn shì jiè wèichū kǒu zhàn 'èr wèimián huā shì guó zhù yào chū kǒu chuàng huì chǎn pǐn zhī yuē zhàn chū kǒu shōu huì de 34%。
   tǎn fǎng zhì gōng chǔ ruò zhǎn huǎn mànběn guó jiā gōng néng jǐn zhàn mián chǎn liàng de 15% zuǒ yòu tǎn hòu zhí jiān chí jiǎn shǎo yuán liào xìng chǎn pǐn chū kǒukuò shēn jiā gōng gāo jiā zhízēng jiā jiù zuò wéi xiàng běn guó ér qīng fǎng shì zhǎn de zhòng diǎn lǐng
   jīng zhǎn diǎn
  1、 yòu huà jìn chéng kuàixiàn yòu jīng zhàn guó jiā jīng zǒng liàng de 80% shàng
  2、 duì wài lái jīng lài xìng hěn qiáng jiàn guó shōu dào de wài lái tóu 'àn rén jūn zài lián guó jiā zhàn wèi
  3、 duì wài lái shāng pǐn cún hěn gāo bié shì gāo chǎn pǐnshēng huó yòng pǐnqīng gōng chǎn pǐn běn bèi měi guó guó běnhán guózhōng guó 'ěr de shāng pǐn suǒ dàishì chǎng qiú wàng shèng sàn shè miàn guǎng
   jūn shì
   zǒng tǒng duì zhuāng liàng shí shī lǐng dǎo píng shí yóu guó fáng tōng guò zǒng cān móu duì zhuāng liàng shí shī lǐng dǎoguó fáng zhì guó fáng jiàn shèzhì dìng shí shī jūn duì jiàn shè zhǎn guī huáwéi duì gōng jīn shù zhuāng bèi bǎo zhàngzǒng cān móu wéi píng shí zhàn shí de zhù yào jūn shì zhǐ huī gòu duì de xùn liàndòng yuán zuò zhàn zhǐ huīxià shè jūnkōng jūn 'èr jūn zhǒnglìng yòu mín 'ān quán wěi yuán huì biān fáng zǒng gòng guó jìn wèi jūnnèi duì děng jūn shì liàng
   wài jiāo
   shí xíng gǒng zhù quán wéi zhōng xīn de shípíng héng de wài jiāo zhèng zhòng diǎn shì 'é luó měi guó zhōng guó jiājiāng dìng wèi wéizhōng děng guó”。 zuò wéi guó jiā jiā liǎo kuò sàn tiáo yuēqiān shǔ liǎo quán miàn jìn zhǐ shì yàn tiáo yuē
   zhōng guó guān
  1991 nián12 yuè27 zhōng guó chéng rèn tǎn 。1992 niányuèzhōng guó tǎn jiàn jiāo
   xíng zhèng huá
   quán guó gòng fēn wéi 2 zhí xiá shì 14 zhōufēn bié wéiā shìā shìběi tǎn tǎn zhōu nài zhōu luò 'ěr zhōuā zhōu tǎn tǎn zhōudōng tǎn tǎn zhōuā láo zhōuā jiū bīn zhōu gān zhōumàn tào zhōu 'ào 'ěr zhōu zhōuā zhōunán tǎn tǎn zhōu
   wén huà míng rén
   ā bài( AbayIbrahimQunanbayuli), shī shèngyuán míng · nán ( 1845 nián- 1904 nián), shēng tǎn wěi de shī rénzuòqǔ jiāzhé xué jiājīng diǎn zuò jiālián guó jiào wén zhì liè shì jiè wén huà míng rén niàn
   guān 'ā bài de shū yòu
  《 ā bài zhēn yán 》( 1994 nián), zhě zhōu xióngā bài héng cǎo yuán shàng de běi xīng》, zuò zhě zhèng zhèn dōngā bài zhī shì 'ěr · ā 'āi zuǒ ( 1897 nián- 1961 niángēn shī shèng 'ā bài · nán bài 'ér bēi zhuàng de shēng huó dào chuàng zuò de shǐ xiǎo shuōxiàng shì rén zhǎn shì liǎo 'ā bài wéi zhèn xīng mín chuàng de shǐ gōng xūn。《 ā bài zhī shì shì jiè wén xué míng zhùbèi wéi mín de bǎi quán shūyòu rén ā bài zhī chēng zuò mín de hóng lóu mèng”。 1942 niánā bài zhī shàng juàn chū bǎn, 1947 nián xià juàn chū bǎn bìng huò qián lián guó jiā zuì gāo wén xué jiǎng。 1952 nián 'èr shàng juàn chū bǎn, 1956 nián 'èr xià juàn chū bǎnquán shū 1959 nián huò liè níng wén xué jiǎng。《 ā bài zhī bèi chéng 116 zhǒng wén zài shì jiè chū bǎn


  Kazakstan (also spelled Kazakhstan, Kazakh: Қазақстан Qazaqstan, pronounced [qɑzɑqstɑ́n]; Russian: Казахстан [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a Eurasian country which is ranked as the ninth largest country in the world. It is also the world's largest landlocked country. Its territory of 2,727,300 km² is greater than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. The capital moved in 1997 to Astana from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city.
  
  Vast in size, the terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, in part snow-capped mountains and deserts. With 16.4 million people (2009 census), Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.).
  
  For most of its history the territory of modern-day Kazakhstan has been inhabited by nomadic tribes. By the 16th century the Kazakhs emerged as a distinct group, divided into three hordes. The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century all of Kazakhstan was part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times before becoming the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936, a part of the USSR. During the 20th century, Kazakhstan was the site of major Soviet projects, including Khrushchev's Virgin Lands campaign, the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and the Semipalatinsk "Polygon", the USSR's primary nuclear weapon testing site.
  
  Kazakhstan declared itself an independent country on December 16, 1991, the last Soviet republic to do so. Its communist-era leader, Nursultan Nazarbayev, became the country's new president. Since independence, Kazakhstan has pursued a balanced foreign policy and worked to develop its economy, especially its hydrocarbon industry. While the country's economic outlook is improving, President Nazarbayev maintains strict control over the country's politics. Nevertheless, Kazakhstan's international prestige is building. It is now considered to be the dominant state in Central Asia. The country is a member of many international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. In 2010, Kazakhstan will chair the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
  
  Kazakhstan is ethnically and culturally diverse, in part due to mass deportations of many ethnic groups to the country during Stalin's rule. Kazakhs are the largest group. Kazakhstan allows freedom of religion, and many different beliefs are represented in the country. Islam is the primary religion. The Kazakh language is the state language, while Russian is also officially used as an "equal" language (to Kazakh) in Kazakhstan's institutions.
zhōng guó jiā
  zhōng guó jiāshì jiè zuì de nèi guódōng lín zhōng guómiàn 271 73 wàn píng fāng qiān rén kǒu 1700 wàn (1995 nián ), mín zhòng duōshǒu 'ā zhōng wéi qiū língběi fēn bié wéi píng yuán dōngdōng nán biān yuán wéi shān wēn dài xìng hòukuàng zhǒng lèi duō qiě chǔ liàng yòu jīn shǔ gōng méi tàn gōng shèng chǎn xiǎo mài yáng máo
yīngwénjièshì
  1. n.:  Kazakstan,  Kazakhstan,  the Republic of Kazakhstan
jìnyící
, gòng guó
xiàngguāncí
zhōu zhōng shǒu zhōu bǎi quán guó jiā chéng shì
mín màn tǎn 'ěr tǎn jiàn zhù chéng zhǐ zhì zhèn yùn
liú jié shǐ gèng duō jiēguǒ ...
bāo hán cí
tǎn jiē tǎn zhōu
nán tǎn zhōudōng tǎn zhōu
běi tǎn zhōu tǎn jiān
tǎn guó fáng tǎn guó huī
tǎn xué tǎn guó
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tǎn zǒng tǒng tǎn jiào
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tǎn héng tiān shān zào shān tǎn guó háng kōng
tǎn gòng guó guó tǎn guó jiā qiú duì
tǎn bào 'ěr ràng shàonián jūn xiào tǎn guó shù xué yuàn
tǎn shí yóu gōng tǎn guó jiā shū guǎn
tǎn lán jiào tǎn kōng zhōng dòng duì
tǎn guó shī fàn xué tǎn tiān shān zào shān
tǎn néng yuán gōng zhōng guó 2010 nián shàng hǎi shì huì tǎn guó jiā guǎn
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fēnlèixiángqíng
 <span title=张>zhāng</span> <span title=开>kāi</span> dōng tǎn zhōu luò 'ěr zhōu màn tào zhōu
ā zhōu ā zhōu běi tǎn zhōu
nài zhōu nán tǎn zhōu tǎn zhōu
jiāng 'ěr zhōu ā tuō bèi zhōu ā láo zhōu
gān zhōu 'ào 'ěr zhōu ā
ā bài 'ěr ā