Kazakstan (also spelled Kazakhstan, Kazakh: Қазақстан Qazaqstan, pronounced [qɑzɑqstɑ́n]; Russian: Казахстан [kəzɐxˈstan]), officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a Eurasian country which is ranked as the ninth largest country in the world. It is also the world's largest landlocked country. Its territory of 2,727,300 km² is greater than Western Europe. It is neighbored clockwise from the north by Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, and also borders on a significant part of the Caspian Sea. The capital moved in 1997 to Astana from Almaty, Kazakhstan's largest city.
Vast in size, the terrain of Kazakhstan ranges from flatlands, steppes, taigas, rock-canyons, hills, deltas, in part snow-capped mountains and deserts. With 16.4 million people (2009 census), Kazakhstan has the 62nd largest population in the world, though its population density is less than 6 people per square kilometre (15 per sq. mi.).
For most of its history the territory of modern-day Kazakhstan has been inhabited by nomadic tribes. By the 16th century the Kazakhs emerged as a distinct group, divided into three hordes. The Russians began advancing into the Kazakh steppe in the 18th century, and by the mid-19th century all of Kazakhstan was part of the Russian Empire. Following the 1917 Russian Revolution, and subsequent civil war, the territory of Kazakhstan was reorganised several times before becoming the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic in 1936, a part of the USSR. During the 20th century, Kazakhstan was the site of major Soviet projects, including Khrushchev's Virgin Lands campaign, the Baikonur Cosmodrome, and the Semipalatinsk "Polygon", the USSR's primary nuclear weapon testing site.
Kazakhstan declared itself an independent country on December 16, 1991, the last Soviet republic to do so. Its communist-era leader, Nursultan Nazarbayev, became the country's new president. Since independence, Kazakhstan has pursued a balanced foreign policy and worked to develop its economy, especially its hydrocarbon industry. While the country's economic outlook is improving, President Nazarbayev maintains strict control over the country's politics. Nevertheless, Kazakhstan's international prestige is building. It is now considered to be the dominant state in Central Asia. The country is a member of many international organizations, including the United Nations, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. In 2010, Kazakhstan will chair the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Kazakhstan is ethnically and culturally diverse, in part due to mass deportations of many ethnic groups to the country during Stalin's rule. Kazakhs are the largest group. Kazakhstan allows freedom of religion, and many different beliefs are represented in the country. Islam is the primary religion. The Kazakh language is the state language, while Russian is also officially used as an "equal" language (to Kazakh) in Kazakhstan's institutions.
Central Asian countries. The world's largest landlocked country. East China. Area of 271 73 million square kilometers. Population 17 million (1995), numerous nationalities. Capital Akmola. Central for the hills, north and west were plain, lowlands, east, southeast edge of the mountain. Temperate continental climate. And a large variety of mineral reserves. Non-ferrous metal industry and coal industry development. Rich in wheat and wool.
Translated by Google
English Expression
n.: Kazakstan, Kazakhstan, the Republic of Kazakhstan
The Republic of Kazakhstan the state [national]emblem
The Republic of Kazakhstan University
The Republic of Kazakhstan anthem
The Republic of Kazakhstan ensign
The Republic of Kazakhstan City
The Republic of Kazakhstan President
The Republic of Kazakhstan coeducation
The Republic of Kazakhstan tetrahedrite
The Republic of Kazakhstan a Socialist Party
The Republic of Kazakhstan nation team
The republic of kazakhstan Motherland Party
The Republic of Kazakhstan third estate
The Republic of Kazakhstan commonwealth
The republic of kazakhstan Heng Tianshan build a mountain chain
The Republic of Kazakhstan International air
The Republic of Kazakhstan commonwealth ensign
The republic of kazakhstan country Division A soccer team
The republic of kazakhstan Bao'errang Youngster military academy
state-run conservatoire
The republic of kazakhstan Petroleum Company
The Republic of Kazakhstan library national
The Republic of Kazakhstan Islamism
The republic of kazakhstan air Maneuver forces
state-run Normal University
The republic of kazakhstan Tianshan build a mountain chain
The republic of kazakhstan Energy Company
China year Shanghai expo The Republic of Kazakhstan country Home Gallery
period The republic of kazakhstan Folk affiliation research
The people's republic of china and The republic of kazakhstan commonwealth Century collaboration strategy
The republic of kazakhstan military forces equipped for war military academy
The people's republic of china And The republic of kazakhstan commonwealth Establish diplomatic relations with Fifteen anniversary commemorative envelope
The republic of kazakhstan diadem Co., ltd. Lanzhou Office
The republic of kazakhstan China Dejiayuan Co., Ltd.
The republic of kazakhstan Blue sky Company Lanzhou Office
Mangghystaū