About the 1st century AD, the Japanese throughout the country with more than 100 small (some of which established diplomatic relations with the Eastern Han Dynasty). Later, these small countries gradually be harmonized. To the 4th century AD, established in the Kansai areas larger countries, it is said will eventually unify their family, the ancestors of today's Emperor. At that time, Japan will cover the western part of Honshu, Shikoku and northern Kyushu. So, after a long period of time, the state was able to reunification. It is difficult for the exact age of the birth of Japan to make an accurate determination. According to the "Kojiki" and "Nihon Shoki" records, the first generation of the Emperor - God of the reading of the founding in 660 BC and came to the throne, ascended the throne at the equivalent of the Western calendar is February 11, so put that day as the "nation-building Day. "
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Ancient
Paleolithic 【ki ki じ ゅ う せ だ っ い】 On the Japanese archipelago had been confirmed in human history, some dating back 10 years or even 30,000 years ago. About 30,004 years ago, came from North China to be called as a knife-type stone in the stone, in the Islands region is widely used, but in about 2 million years ago from Siberia over a new call for the main stone of fine stone blades spread in eastern Japan. Period of time, East and West culture, fine stone blade knife type of Neolithic culture in Japan co-exist, and soon small stone blades are spread in western Japan, about 10,005 years ago or so, knife-type trace of the rapid disappearance of stone. About 10,002 years ago or so, due to the end of the last glaciation began a sharp warming, making the people's culture and lives of great change, in addition to other Ryukyu Islands, the island into the next Jomon era. 【じ ょ Jomon う も い だ ん じ】 About 10,002 years ago or so was called the Jomon era. Divided into the embryonic period, early, early, middle, late, D of this 6. At that time, the number of people one person or ten people living in the vertical pit cottage, hunting, fishing and gathering for a living, constitute the wealth and social class differences. Yayoi 【や よ だ い い じ】 Around the 8th century to around the 3rd century known as the Yayoi period, when the Chinese called the Japanese as the Japanese archipelago, Woguo. 3rd century BC, rice cultivation and metal utensils to use technology from North Korea into northern Kyushu. Rice technology to bring about a landmark Japanese society changes, it expanded production, resulting in the difference between rich and poor grades, so that rural communities tend to political group. Farming has brought faith, rituals, customs, gradually spread and formed the prototype of Japanese culture. Kofun era 【こ ふ だ ん じ い】 Mid-4th century AD, large and unified the separatist regime in the small country. With the reunification of the country, before the party as the representative of the grave after the burial mounds round the majority everywhere. This period is a lot of knowledge and technology brought to Japan in the period. 4th century, the mainland Japanese government to attract the high material civilization. To the 5th century, people from outside the Korean Peninsula (naturalized person) brought iron production, ceramics, textiles, metal craft and civil and other technologies. At the same time have begun to use Chinese characters. 6th century, formally accepted Confucianism, Buddhism was introduced into Japan. Asuka era 【あ だ い す か じ】 Asuka era began about 600 AD, and ends 710 years of moving the capital to Beijing Ping Cheng, deck Kofun era, the next start the Nara period. The political center of the bird in place of Nara Prefecture (Fujiwara Beijing at that time) named after the more significant events of Prince Shotoku reform, Dahua new changes and so on. 7th century, Prince Shotoku is committed to political reform, and to "Taika Reform," as an opportunity to begin to establish a centralized state as the center of the emperor. This practice followed the Sui and Tang, and intake of more active at this time the mainland culture. To the late 9th century, has sent a total of 10 times and sent to Sui and Tang dynasties. Early 6th century, Emperor Wu after the death of strong, lack of heir, a large village with gold for men from the more welcome signs Wang Jicheng before the throne, he is following the body of the emperor. At that time, the Korean peninsula, Silla, Goguryeo forces expansion, the threat of Baekje, and to the south of Japan in the Korean Peninsula any forces that the development of some lean business strategy, on the other hand, led to the influx of large numbers of immigrants from the mainland. In China, the royal family after the reunification of land continuously occupied the territory of the local nobility, Tuen expand their positions, and the burden of military aggression against North Korea imposed on them, the royal family and the conflict between the local nobility intensifying. Bring disaster to the people of war of aggression against Korea, triggering the people's resistance. After the middle of the 6th century, the public system has not suited to the Ministry of the level of development of productive forces, began to unravel, the people have fled the Department. Within the old imperial struggle between the forces of growing. In the early 6th century, holds the real power in the court's Zengyin big with any of the four counties advocates Baekje been ceded to the attack, and thus lose the political forces, the Ministry's property and Soga's place. Monobe master's in the court of military aristocracy, is to maintain the original form of rule of conservative forces. Soga's second half from the 5th century onwards, the court in charge of finance, power and gradually expanded. Soga's close ties with the mainland immigrants. At that time, I s is a positive absorption of Soviet ideological and cultural progress of foreign forces. When the king of Baekje Holy Spirit, and statues dedicated to the Japanese imperial court by the theory, the Soviet Union to actively advocate I worship the Buddha head rice, trying to replace through the worship of the Buddhist's belief in God, the idea to unify the country, strengthen the imperial power. Monobe public opinion maintain that belief in the end of the original's God's name to protect the public system and the system of the Ministry, firmly opposed to worship the Buddha, so between the two factions around the worship Buddha and Buddhism in a fierce struggle. Department of Queen with Prince Shotoku Dizi tomorrow, "Nihon Shoki," said he, "born to made, and the strong are Divine Perception, a smell of ten complaints, in order to not disabled Debate", has to the quality of officials. He studied science Wai-chee Korea Buddhist monk, Dr. Jue Ge Baekje Confucian learning, thought and culture since childhood, influenced by the mainland. Prince Shotoku ruling at the beginning, when the court is in the internal and external problems. The so-called foreign aggression, the Chinese end of a long split situation, established a unified feudal totalitarian country, the Sui Dynasty; in the Korean Peninsula, becoming a powerful Silla, occupying the Han River, Nakdong River, and the annexation of any of that (Japan's presence in Korea ), the sharp deterioration in relations with Japan. The so-called internal problems,'s name, the public system, the Ministry of defects is completed, the Soviet Union as the representative of I's Powerful forces unwieldy, royal forces thin. By Prince Shotoku Venerables Great Unification of China affected by the emperor as the center tries to establish a centralized system, to save the social crisis, for the implementation of a series of reforms. Nara period 【ら じ だ な い】 AD 710, the Japanese capital in Beijing, Ping Cheng (now Nara City and suburbs), ushered in the prosperous period of the country imperative. However, when poor farmers, the homeless to increase, as a result of expansion of the commons estate system is essentially the collapse of the citizens and so was exposed contradictions. Strongly protected the country during this period Buddhism, therefore, the Buddhist culture, especially Buddhist art began to flourish. If the early 7th century to create a culture of Japanese Buddhist culture, birds; the late 7th century a unique style of Hakuho culture; 8 by mid-century heyday in the Tang Dynasty, under the influence of cultural practices in a realistic balance of rich emotional expression of human culture and so on. Comparable with the Buddhist art of this period of cultural pyramid is "Leaves Collection." "Leaves Collection" a collection of the mid-8th century about 400 years ago, the Emperor down to the common people made up to about 4500 and the song accurately reflects the simple life of the ancient Japanese feelings. In addition, now preserved in Japan's oldest history books "Kojiki" (712 years) the most ancient Chile essays history book "Nihon Shoki" (720 years), the most ancient of Chinese poetry, "Huai style algae" (751), etc. are all the cultural heritage of this period. Heian へ い あ ん 【じ だ い】 8th century, the capital moved to Heian Japan (now Kyoto), trying to rebuild imperative system. However, due to the collapse of the system of commons citizens, the state fell into financial difficulties. Sent 894 years after the last batch sent to the Tang Dynasty came to an end, this is not a large number of intake of the mainland culture. 10 ~ 11 century, Fujiwara's monopoly power to farm for the economic base, the most powerful forces. However, because of local political chaos, leading to disorder, the warrior group stronger. To the 11 century, introduced to combat Fujiwara, "hospital administration" (referring to the Japanese era of the late Shang Huang Ping, Deputy Emperor Emperor ruling.) Thus, the warrior into the central politics. Heian characteristics of Chinese culture. Affected by the Tang Dynasty, 9th century, Tantra, and Han's Hong Ren, Zhen Guan culture is still very prosperous. But after the 10th century, cut off direct communication with the mainland, after they produced a unique aristocratic culture of Japan. The representatives of Chile's first essays and songs on "Ancient and Modern and the songs on" (10 century), the world's oldest novel, "The Tale of Genji" (11 century), Essay "Pillow Grass Seed" (around 1000 AD), and so a number of literary and artistic works.
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Medieval (12 ~ 16 century)
Kamakura period (1185-1333) The late 12th century, Yoritomo glimpse of the first Great General Yi collected and established in the Kamakura Shogunate, was born a warrior regime, which results in Aggressive governance and public sector (referring to North Korea Tinggong Qing nobility) political opposition. The late 13th century, samurai shogunate rule began to face difficulties, Kamakura shogunate gradually took the road of destruction. In culture, the aristocratic culture of the past, based on intake during the Song dynasty Zen into Japan culture, to cultivate a vivid, realistic, simple and unique Wu Jiawen of. In religion, then by the law, Shinran, Nichiren, and other famous Kamakura Buddhist monks create, access all levels of faith. 12th century brought to Japan by the Zen emphasis on the Kanto samurai, art is also the emergence of new tendencies. Literature appeared to fight together as the background level source novel "Story of the Ping" (the original was born in the early 13th century), is the ancient Japanese Story of the outstanding representatives of the military in mind. Northern and Southern Dynasties (1334-1392) Eliminated after the Kamakura Shogunate Emperor Daigo, you were the first Restoration, the implementation of the New Deal, known as building Wu Xinzheng. Since the New Deal failed to meet the requirements of warriors, and only re-Kyoto Gongqing aristocracy, it led to dissatisfaction with the samurai. Among them, the back screen Ashikaga Takauji more general discontent, although he was given the name of respect for the word emperor, but he would like to open government, respect the results of Ashikaga's forced to step down after the Emperor Daigo. Emperor Emperor bright new policy to him as Zheng Yi major general, is Northern. Emperor Daigo and then step down after holding the symbol of the emperor of the three artifacts back to Japan (now Nara Prefecture) Yoshino, for Southern, Northern and Southern point finally formed, the history books also known as "the day Emperor Southern Beijing" After several rounds of attack and defense, the Southern forces of recession, and finally the Southern Dynasty Emperor to the Emperor three artifacts to the Northern, Southern and Northern end of the era. Muromachi The first half of the 14th century, Zheng Yi, General Ashikaga Yoshimitsu large stable after the Muromachi shogunate in Kyoto, more than two centuries of internal political, cultural, military family are overwhelming the public sector, in a dominant position. Since the Muromachi shogunate was gathered and established a strong name, so the weak rule of the shogunate itself. Jen should be the first year (1467) in January, the outbreak of Onin, the country's name have the sky, falling like distant Muromachi Shogunate, Japan entered the Warring States Period. Warring States Period daimyo became the rule of local land and people of strong independent regime. In culture, whether it is noble or military family culture, are subject to the influence of Zen. The late 14th century to the Golden Pavilion Temple, Kitayama culture and represented the end of the 15th century represented the Silver Pagoda in the Higashiyama culture is very developed. The mid-16th century, Portuguese, Spanish came to Japan, was introduced to guns and Christianity. It was the era of vibrant culture.
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Modern (16 ~ 19th century)
Warring States Period (The late Muromachi and Azuchi, Momoyama period) Onin, the Japanese name after another around the rise of war-torn times of hardship. The mid-16th century, a unified force, Japan is determined to end the chaos of dignity in there, he is Oda Nobunaga. Vinh loc three years (1560), Oda Nobunaga Hazama in the bucket to two thousand men defeated Imagawa Yoshimoto forty thousand troops, became famous. Later, the progressive unification of Owari, Kinki, and preparing to attack the Sanin, Sanyo. In the meantime, Nobunaga built a mighty safety Tucheng. Therefore, the letter a long time known as the "Azuchi era." Tengen Decade (1582), Temple of the change instinct outbreak killed Nobunaga. Sydney Yu Chai Xiuji Oda Mitsuhide has beat wise and Shibata Singer, heir to establish his own position. After the four countries through conquest, conquest of Kyushu, Odawara war, the gradual unification of Japan. Emperor after the surname "Toyotomi," and a glimpse of "off white" post. Toyotomi Hideyoshi era known as the "Momoyama era." Qing-long three years (1598), Toyotomi Hideyoshi died in Fushimi Castle. Toyotomi family split into Omi (Western Army) and Owari (Dong Jun) factions. Toyotomi regime as one of the five old Tokugawa Ieyasu in the Qing-long five years (1600) to launch off of the original joint warfare, the West defeated the army, the establishment of the Tokugawa regime. Qing-long eight years (1603), established the Tokugawa shogunate, the end of the Warring States Period. Edo Popular culture is a feature of this period. The late 17th century to early 18th century culture is Genroku Kyoto, Osaka and other top (known as the Kanto area of Japan in Kyoto, Osaka to top) region as the center of the culture warriors and merchants. Doll joruri, Kabuki, Ukiyo-e, showing a colorful paintings and other businessman culture.
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Japan's modern history (since the late 19th century)
日本历史 日本近代史（19世纪后期至今）
Meiji The end of the Edo Shogunate, natural disasters continue, Shogunate rule, corruption, and hardship. Financial difficulties and the shogunate, the majority of the lower samurai growing dissatisfaction of the shogunate. Meanwhile, the Western capitalist powers to lock States gunboats opened to 200 years of Japanese abroad. 1868 (Meiji years), the Meiji Emperor moved the capital to Edo and renamed Tokyo. After the political, economic, cultural, educational, diplomatic and other aspects of a series of major reforms. Japan's national strength gradually stronger. Later in the Jiawu Sino-Japanese War (Japan called "Sino-Japanese War") and the Russo-Japanese War to defeat the Chinese fleet, to wipe out the Russian Pacific Fleet and the Baltic Fleet. One of Japan's imperialist powers. Taisho, Showa era Made with the historic Meiji further than the Taisho emperor known as the "Taisho unfortunate." 15 years of the reign of Emperor Taisho, and performance not as good as the Meiji, and his life was be_set_ encephalopathy, was forced to resort to the right, by the Prince Regent Hirohito. 1945 (Showa 20) August 15, the Japanese surrender. U.S. occupation of Japan, change the constitutional system in Japan for the virtual reality Jun Jun constitutional system, the emperor as a symbol of Japan has been retained. 1972 (Showa 47 years) in July, Tanaka became Japan's prime minister, began the implementation of "multilateral independent" diplomacy. Tanaka's visit to China in September the same year, in September 29 and Premier Zhou Enlai signed the "Sino-Japanese Joint Statement," officially announced the establishment of diplomatic relations. 8, 1978, China and Japan concluded in mid-Japan Peace and Friendship Treaty. October 1978 Vice Premier Deng Xiaoping invited to visit Japan, announced the entry into force of peace and friendship treaty. From then on Sino-Japanese relations to normalize. Heisei era And the Emperor in Showa 64 years (1989) January 7 died, son Akihito succeeded to the throne, since the next day Jiabeng (Jan. 8) Heisei reign title, known as the Heisei era (1989 ─). In 1993, the LDP failed to achieve political reform, Haneda rebel camp in the no-confidence vote in the election result. Haneda School, Masayoshi Takemura, who left the party election, the LDP lost seats in Congress, more than half. Haneda sent to the central figure in the running Ichiro Ozawa, successfully win over the New Party of Japan Hosokawa Morihiro. Since the composition of non-Communist Party of China and Africa Hosokawa eight-party coalition cabinet. 2055 system have been neutralized, Kiichi Miyazawa resigned as LDP president, by Yohei Kono succeeded.
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Japanese Historical Periods
Japanese pottery first time の Paleolithic Ancient Japanese の Jomon Period Pre】 【About China Yayoi period (3rd century before the era - 3 century) about two Han】 【 Kofun period (3rd century half, 4 Century - the first half of 7th century, the early 8th century)】 【about Wei Asuka period (6th century terminal - 710 years) Pre】 【about Sui Nara period (710 - 784) of the Tang Dynasty】 【 Heian period (794 years - 1184) 【Five Dynasties, Song】 Japan in the world の Kamakura period (1192 years - 1334) 【Song】 Southern and Northern Dynasties period (1334 - 1392 years) 【Yuan and Ming, Note: Japan in the history of the Northern and Southern just after the palace coup, the original next to the Emperor ran to the near Kyoto, where a separate court, time is very short】 Muromachi period (1392 years - 1573) (戦 States era) Ming, Note: During the Japanese generals were Ming Zheng Yi canonized as "King of Japan"】 Modern Japanese の Azuchi-Momoyama period (1573 - 1598) of Ming, the so-called "era of abundance organizations", Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi during the】 Edo period (1603 years - 1868) 【Ming and Qing】 Japan の Modern - Modern Meiji (1868 - 1911) 【Tongzhi North Korea, Guangxu Korea, North Korea】 Xuantong Taisho (1911 - 1926 years)】 【Northern Warlords Showa (1926 - 1989) 【National Government, People's Republic】 Heisei (1989 -) has】 【third generation of leaders
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The Japan Times
Japan itself has no concept of dynasties, because no matter what the general in power, the coexistence of both, and the Emperor. Although the emperor did not care about the general meaning, but admitted that he was canonized by the emperor. Therefore, only the era of Japanese history. But every age can be considered for a ruling. Prior to the Meiji emperor and did not form their own political power, but also what can not be called dynasties. Specific times are as follows. Congress and the era of AD 300-592 592-710 AD, the era of birds In the Nara Period AD 711-794 In the Heian Period AD 794-1192 Kamakura shogunate in the year 1192-1333 In Northern and Southern Dynasties AD 1333-1392 In AD 1393-1573 Muromachi shogunate Abundance of organizations during the year 1573-1603 AD 1603-1867 Edo shogunate in The Meiji era of 1868-1911 AD In the Taisho period, 1912-1925 AD In the Showa era 1926-1988 AD AD 1989 - Heisei era now
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Encyclopedia
Riben lishi Japanese History history of Japan Japan, also called "Japanese." Ancient China said Japan "Japanese." Since the latter half of the 7th century to "Japan" as the country, from the late 19th century the "Great Japanese Empire." World War II, now known after the switch. Japan is located in eastern Asia, is an arc of islands of the Pacific Northwest, from Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu and Hokkaido, the four major islands and thousands of smaller islands. East and south-west Pacific Ocean, west and north of the East China Sea, the Sea of Japan and Sea of Okhotsk, with China, North Korea, the Soviet Union just across the water. The total area of 37 thousand square kilometers. Population 120,550,000 (1985), the basic population for the Japanese family. Popular Shinto religion of Buddhism and the nation. General Japanese capital, Tokyo. Ancient Japan (as of the 12th century) of Japan Paleolithic Stone Age, also known as "no pottery era" or "first pottery era." Not really test the upper limit, presumably, since about 20 to 30 million years ago; the lower back some 10,000 years ago. Japan Paleolithic Paleolithic Age and the Asian continent is a parallel. Neolithic culture Jomon culture of Japan said, because there Jomon pottery is named. The upper limit of about 9500 years ago or 1 million years ago (some say 4500 years ago), limit of 3 to the 2nd century BC. Jomon Japan Art - figurines Stone and used following the Jomon era, the Japanese in the 2nd century BC 3 to enter the Yayoi era, that stone, and with age. The culture of this era, said Yayoi culture, pottery unearthed by Yayoi-cho, Tokyo (in this Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo) and the name (see color pictures of Japan Yayoi pot-shaped pottery.) The lower limit beyond the 3rd century AD. In the Yayoi period, rice cultivation technology in China and the bronze, iron and other metal culture, brought to Japan via Korea. Japan originally clan is matriarchal clan Stone Age period, the Jomon period of its prosperity. Late and late Jomon population of an estimated 12 to 15 million. Most people live in is called "earthen" of the original houses, relying on hunting and fishing for a living. Society is collecting economic stage. Hunting with bow and arrow, fishing hooks and nets landing net is used. Hunting, fishing grounds and the main production tools are shared by members of the commune. Equal rights for all members of society, the implementation of joint production and the average distribution, no rich and poor in others. Into the Yayoi era, gradually replacing the patriarchal clan clan mother right, tends to the disintegration of the primitive commune system. Formation of the Japanese race and nation who excavated so far in Japan very few fossil bones. Akashi City, Hyogo Prefecture, in 1931 West Coast Yagi found fossils of human backs, then named "Akashi Primeval Mankind." □ Wood County in 1950 near the GE Health-cho, Toyohashi City, Aichi Prefecture in 1957 cattle in the Sichuan-cho, 1958 and 1961 in Shizuoka Prefecture, three-day gun-cho Inasa some fossil bones have been found. Inferred that Pleistocene human existence has been the Japanese archipelago. On the formation of the Japanese race and nation, academics, residents of the general speculation Japan's first two lines through the North and South Islands to Japan, after a long mixed, some formed before the Yayoi era with a common language and customs of the Japanese nation. Class and the state have Yayoi is the beginning of the history of Japanese civilization. Mainly due to rice agriculture there, especially bronze and iron the introduction of advanced production technology, rapid development of social productive forces. Yayoi Japan from the mid-primitive society to slave society made the transition. According to the Chinese "Han" records, about half of the 1st century BC, the Japanese archipelago appeared in more than one hundred ruled by the village head of a small tribe. These tribes have been regularly sent to the Han Dynasty _set_ in the Korean music wave County offer tribute. The long-term after the merger, to the 2nd and 3rd centuries AD, the formation of a larger more than 30 tribes. According to "Han" and "Three Kingdoms" and "Weizhiworen Biography" recorded between the late 3rd century AD, the beginning of 2 appeared in Taiwan, Malaysia evil country. Horse evil to rule Taiwan, about 30 tribal country, a tribal alliance's chief, has been ruling institutions and wealth, class differences, slavery society in Japan early coarse national scale. Queen Himiko of the country in 239 years, had sent envoys to China Luoyang, Weiming Di letters to her as "pro-Wo Wang Wei," purple ribbon gold seal granted. □ and its successor the Queen (Taiwan and) has also sent envoys to the Western Jin Dynasty tribute. Kofun era and Wowang rule 4 in the 7th century AD, the era of Japanese history known as tombs. At that time a large number of construction due to the ruling class "burial mound" and the name. The shape of tombs varied, in front of one of the most distinctive round after the grave, is the master symbol of royal power. Initially focused on the largest burial mounds in Japan in Guinea
Japan the warring states period History