guó jiā : dōng nán > yìn 
xiǎnshìdìtú
mùlù
guódù
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
印度尼西亚
   yìn gòng guó( TheRepublicofIndonesia)
  
   yuè (1 nián
  
   guó qìng :8 yuè17 (1945 nián
  
   guó miàn yóu shàng hóng xià bái liǎng xiāng děng de héng cháng fāng xíng gòu chéngcháng kuān zhī wéi hóng xiàng zhēng yǒng gǎn zhèng hái xiàng zhēng yìn hòu de fán róng chāng shèngbái xiàng zhēng yóugōng zhèngchún jiéhái biǎo liǎo yìn rén mín fǎn duì qīn lüèàihào píng de měi hǎo yuàn wàng
  
   guó huīyóu zhǐ jīn de yīng miàn dùn yīng zhǎo zhuā zhe de tiáo shòu dài chéngyīng xiàng zhēng chuàng zào yīng liǎng yòu17 gēn máowěi gēnzhè shì wèile niàn yìn de héng héngyuè17 yīng xiōng qián de dùn miàn yóu fēn chénghēi xiǎo dùn jīn huáng de jiǎo xīng dài biǎo zōng jiào xìn yǎng xiàng zhēng pān chá héng héng yìn jiàn guó de xiàng běn yuán shuǐ niú tóu xiàng zhēng zhù quán shǔ rén mínróng shù xiàng zhēng mín shímián táo dào suì xiàng zhēng gōng zhèngjīn shì huán xiàng zhēng rén dào zhù shì dài xiāng chuándùn miàn shàng de hēi xiàn dài biǎo chì dàoyīng zhǎo zhuā zhe de shòu dài shàng yòng yìn wén xiě zhe zhōng yòu tóng”。
  
   guó jiā zhèng yàozǒng tǒng luò · bān bāng · yóu duō yuē nuò( SusiloBambangYudhoyono),2 04 nián10 yuè dāng xuǎn zǒng tǒng yōu · ,2004 nián10 yuè dāng xuǎnrén xié zhù · 'ěr · ,2004 nián10 yuè dāng xuǎn
  
   rán wèi zhōu dōng nán kuà chì dàoshì shì jiè shàng zuì de qún dǎo guó jiāyóu tài píng yáng yìn yáng zhī jiān17508 xiǎo dǎo chéng zhōng yuē 000 yòu rén zhù miàn wéi1 ,904 ,443 píng fāng gōng hǎi yáng miàn 3 ,166 ,163 píng fāng gōng bāo kuò zhuān shǔ jīng chēng qiān dǎo zhī guóběi de jiā màn dān dǎo lái jiē rǎngxīn nèi dǎo xīn nèi xiāng liándōng běi miàn lín fěi bīndōng nán shì yìn yáng nán 'ào xiāng wànghǎi 'àn xiàn zǒng cháng54716 gōng dài lín hòunián píng jūn wēn 25-27
  
   rén kǒu:2 .17 (2004 nián), wéi shì jiè rén kǒu guóyòu100 duō mín zhōng zhǎo zhàn45 xùn zhàn14% , mǎdōu 7 .5%, lái 7 .5%, 26%。 guān fāng yán wéi yìn mín yán fāng yán yuē300 zhǒngyuē87% de mín xìn fèng lán jiàoshì shì jiè shàng lín rén kǒu zuì duō de guó jiā,6 .1% de rén kǒu xìn fèng jiào xīn jiào,3 .6% xìn fèng tiān zhù jiào xìn fèng yìn jiào jiào yuán shǐ bài jiào děng
  
   shǒu jiā (Jakarta), wèi zhǎo dǎo shàngrén kǒu yòu838 .5 wàn(2000 nián)。
  
   xíng zhèng huágòng yòu xíng zhèng 30 bāo kuò jiā shǒu lán fāng ,27 shěng běi mén mén liào nèizhàn bēipéng nán mén nán bǎngbāng jiā dòng zhǎo zhōng zhǎo dōng zhǎo wàn dān shā dēng jiā dōng shā dēng jiā běi nán běi wēi zhōng wēi dōng nán wēi nán wēi lún luòdōng jiā màn dānzhōng jiā màn dānnán jiā màn dān jiā màn dānèr xíng zhèng xiàn / shì)410
  
   jiǎn shǐgōng yuán3-7 shì jiàn liǎo xiē fēn sàn de fēng jiàn wáng guó。13 shì zhì14 shì chūzài zhǎo jiàn liǎo yìn shǐ shàng zuì qiáng de nuò xiē fēng jiàn guó。15 shì táo bān yīng guó xiān hòu qīn 。1596 nián lán qīn ,1602 nián chéng yòu zhèng zhí quán dedōng yìn gōng ”,1799 nián gǎi shè zhí mín zhèng 。1942 nián běn zhàn lǐng yìn ,1945 nián běn tóu jiàng hòuyìn bào yuè mìng,8 yuè17 xuān chéng yìn gòng guó。1947 nián hòu lán yìn jīng guò duō zhàn zhēng xié shāng1949 nián11 yuè qiān dìng yìn yuán zhuō huì xié dìng》。 gēn xié dìngyìn tóng nián12 yuè27 chéng lián bāng gòng guócān jiā yìn lián bāng。1950 niányuè yìn lián bāng yuàn tōng guò lín shí xiàn zhèng shì xuān chéng yìn gòng guó
  
   zhèng zhìshí xíng zǒng tǒng nèi zhìrén mín xié shāng huì shì guó jiā zuì gāo quán gòu zhì dìngxiū gǎi bān xiàn guó jiā zǒng fāng zhēn zhèng xuǎn zǒng tǒng zǒng tǒng( 2004 nián hòu gǎi yóu quán mín zhí xuǎn), jiān píng jià zǒng tǒng zhí xíng guó jiā zhèng fāng zhēn qíng kuàng zài zǒng tǒng wéi bèi xiàn shí duì jìn xíng tánhé huò miǎnzhǐ shè zhōng yāng chéng yuán700 míngrèn niánguó huìquán chēng rén mín dài biǎo huì shì guó jiā gòuxíng shǐ xiū xiàn zhì dìng guó jiā zhèng fāng zhēn zhī wài de bān quánguó huì quán jiě chú zǒng tǒng zhí zǒng tǒng néng xuān jiě sàn guó huìdàn zǒng tǒng wéi fǎn xiàn huò rén xié jué guó huì yòu quán jiàn rén xié zhuī jiū zǒng tǒng rèngòng yòu yuán500 míngjiān rèn rén xié chéng yuánrèn niánzǒng tǒng shì guó jiā yuán shǒuzhèng xíng zhèng shǒu nǎo zhuāng duì zuì gāo tǒng shuàizhí jiē lǐng dǎo nèi yòu quán dān bān zhèng lìng xuān guó jiā jǐn zhuàng tài lìngduì wài xuān zhàn huò gòu děng 2004 nián zǒng tǒng zǒng tǒng zài yóu rén mín xié shāng huì xuǎn chǎn shēnggǎi yóu quán mín zhí xuǎnzhǐ néng lián xuǎn lián rèn měi rèn niánzǒng tǒng rèn mìng nèi dàn zhēng guó huì tóng
  
   jīng yìn shì dōng méng zuì de jīng nóng gōng jūn zài guó mín jīng zhōng huī zhòng yào zuò yòng zhōng nóng yóu chǎn chuán tǒng zhī zhù chǎn yìn yuán fēng kuàng chǎn zhù yào yòu shí yóutiān rán méi fán niètóng jīnyín děng tàn míng kuàng chǎn chǔ liàng wéishí yóu51 .2 tǒngtiān rán 94 .75 wàn fāng chǐshì shì jiè zhù míng de huà tiān rán chū kǒu guóméi360 dūn tài zhòng yào de chǎn méi guó shì jiè méi tàn chū kǒu guó yuán fēng xiàng jiāo chǎn liàng shì jiè wèizōng yóu chǎn liàng zhàn shì jiè qiú liàng de5。 sēn lín miàn wéi45 gōng qǐngzhàn guó miàn de74%。 yìn gōng zhǎn de fāng xiàng shì jiā qiáng wài xiàng xíng de zhì zào zhù yào mén yòu zhì zàocǎi kuàngfǎng zhìqīng gōngjiā gōng děngnóng shì yìn de zhī zhù chǎn bāo kuò cóng shì lín rén kǒu zài nèiquán guó nóng rén kǒu yuē zhàn zǒng rén kǒu de59%。 gēng miàn 5980 wàn gōng qǐng bāo kuò shěng)。 yìn zhòng shì yóu yóu chéng wéi yìn chuàng huì de zhù yào hángyèzhù yào yóu diǎn yòu dǎo luó yìn suō yǐng gōng yuán huáng gōngduō děngyìn hái shì huǒ shān zhī guógòng yòu400 duō zuò huǒ shān zhōng huó huǒ shān100 duō zuòhuò ( dùn )>>>
  
   xīn wén chū bǎnzhù yào yìn wén bào zhǐ yòuluó pán bào》、《 zhuān zhī shēng bào》、《 yìn méi bào》、《 gòng guó bào děng》、《 xīn zhī shēng bàoyìn shāng bào》; yīng wén bào zhǐ yòu jiā yóu bào》、《 yìn guān chá jiā bàoděngzhōng wén bào zhǐ yuán lái zhǐ yòu zhèng zhù bàn de yìn bào》, jìn liǎng nián xīn chuàng jiàn de yòuhuá wén yóu bào》( zhōng wén yìn wén )、《 shāng bào》、《 xīn shēng bào》、《 qiān dǎo bàoděng。1937 nián chéng de 'ān tōng xùn shè shì guān fāng tōng xùn shè,1967 nián chéng de yìn mín tōng xùn shè wéi yíng gòuchéng 1945 niányuè de yìn gòng guó guǎng diàn tái shì guó jiā diàn tái,1962 niányuè17 zhèng shì yùn yíng de yìn gòng guó diàn shì tái wèiguó jiā diàn shì tái yíng diàn shì tái yòu1988 nián11 yuè14 jiàn de yìn yīng diàn shì tái、1990 niányuè chéng de tài yáng diàn shì tái1991 niányuè jiàn de jiào diàn shì tái,2000 nián10 yuè kāi shè de měi diàn shì tái shì yìn shǒu jiā xīn wén diàn shì táibìng kāi chuàng liǎo fàng zhōng wén xīn wén de xiān
  
   wài jiāofèng xíng zhù jié méng de wài jiāo zhèng zhù zhāng píng děngxiāng zūn zhòng guó píng héng yuán cānyù guó shì
  
   zhōng guó guān :1950 niányuè13 yìn tóng zhōng guó jiàn jiāo。1990 niányuèliǎng guó huī wài jiāo guān 。1994 nián11 yuèguó jiā zhù jiāng mín duì yìn jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wèn。1999 nián12 yuèyìn zǒng tǒng duì zhōng guó jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wèn。2000 niányuèzhōng guó yìn zài běi jīng zhèng shì qiān shǔzhōng huá rén mín gòng guó yìn gòng guó guān wèi lái shuāng biān zuò fāng xiàng de lián shēng míng》。2002 niányuèméi jiā zǒng tǒng duì zhōng guó jìn xíng guó shì fǎng wèn。2005 niányuè13 zhōng guó guó jiā zhù jǐn tāo yìn zǒng tǒng luò · bān bāng · yóu duō yuē nuò jìn zhì diànzhù liǎng guó jiàn jiāo55 zhōu nián(4 yuè13 )。


  The Republic of Indonesia (IPA: /ˌɪndoʊˈniːziːə/, /ˌɪndəˈniːziːə/, /ˌɪndəˈniːʒə/) (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia), is a country in Southeast Asia. Comprising 17,508 islands, it is the world's largest archipelagic state. With a population of 222 million people in 2006, it is the world's fourth most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority nation, although officially it is not an Islamic state. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected parliament and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
  
  The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom formed trade links with China. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Under Indian influence, Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished from the early centuries CE. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
  
  Across its many islands, Indonesia consists of distinct ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. The Javanese are the largest and most politically dominant ethnic group. As a unitary state and a nation, Indonesia has developed a shared identity defined by a national language, a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka tunggal ika" ("Unity in Diversity" lit. "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. However, sectarian tensions and separatism have led to violent confrontations that have undermined political and economic stability. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country is richly endowed with natural resources, yet poverty is a defining feature of contemporary Indonesia.
  
  The name Indonesia derives from the Latin Indus, meaning "India", and the Greek nesos, meaning "island". The name dates to the 18th century, far predating the formation of independent Indonesia. In 1850, George Earl, an English ethnologist, proposed the terms Indunesians — and, his preference, Malayunesians — for the inhabitants of the "Indian Archipelago or Malayan Archipelago". In the same publication, a student of Earl's, James Richardson Logan, used Indonesia as a synonym for Indian Archipelago. However, Dutch academics writing in East Indies publications were reluctant to use Indonesia. Instead, they used the terms Malay Archipelago (Maleische Archipel); the Netherlands East Indies (Nederlandsch Oost Indië), popularly Indië; the East (de Oost); and even Insulinde.
  
  From 1900, the name Indonesia became more common in academic circles outside the Netherlands, and Indonesian nationalist groups adopted it for political expression. Adolf Bastian, of the University of Berlin, popularized the name through his book Indonesien oder die Inseln des Malayischen Archipels, 1884–1894. The first Indonesian scholar to use the name was Suwardi Suryaningrat (Ki Hajar Dewantara), when he established a press bureau in the Netherlands with the name Indonesisch Pers-bureau in 1913.
  
  History
  
  As early as the first century CE Indonesian vessels made trade voyages as far as Africa. Picture: a ship carved on Borobudur, circa 800 CE.Fossilized remains of Homo erectus, popularly known as the "Java Man", suggest that the Indonesian archipelago was inhabited two million to 500,000 years ago. Austronesian people, who form the majority of the modern population, migrated to South East Asia from Taiwan. They arrived in Indonesia around 2000 BCE, and confined the native Melanesian peoples to the far eastern regions as they expanded. Ideal agricultural conditions, and the mastering of wet-field rice cultivation as early as the eighth century BCE, allowed villages, towns, and small kingdoms to flourish by the first century CE. Indonesia's strategic sea-lane position fostered inter-island and international trade. For example, trade links with both Indian kingdoms and China were established several centuries BCE. Trade has since fundamentally shaped Indonesian history.
  
  The nutmeg plant is native to Indonesia's Banda Islands. Once one of the world's most valuable commodities, it drew the first European colonial powers to Indonesia.From the seventh century CE, the powerful Srivijaya naval kingdom flourished as a result of trade and the influences of Hinduism and Buddhism that were imported with it. Between the eighth and 10th centuries CE, the agricultural Buddhist Sailendra and Hindu Mataram dynasties thrived and declined in inland Java, leaving grand religious monuments such as Sailendra's Borobudur and Mataram's Prambanan. The Hindu Majapahit kingdom was founded in eastern Java in the late 13th century, and under Gajah Mada, its influence stretched over much of Indonesia; this period is often referred to as a "Golden Age" in Indonesian history.
  
  Although Muslim traders first traveled through South East Asia early in the Islamic era, the earliest evidence of Islamized populations in Indonesia dates to the 13th century in northern Sumatra. Other Indonesian areas gradually adopted Islam, and it was the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra by the end of the 16th century. For the most part, Islam overlaid and mixed with existing cultural and religious influences, which shaped the predominant form of Islam in Indonesia, particularly in Java. The first Europeans arrived in Indonesia in 1512, when Portuguese traders, led by Francisco Serrão, sought to monopolize the sources of nutmeg, cloves, and cubeb pepper in Maluku. Dutch and British traders followed. In 1602 the Dutch established the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and became the dominant European power. Following bankruptcy, the VOC was formally dissolved in 1800, and the government of the Netherlands established the Dutch East Indies as a nationalized colony.
  
  For most of the colonial period, Dutch control over these territories was tenuous; only in the early 20th century did Dutch dominance extend to what was to become Indonesia's current boundaries. The Japanese invasion and subsequent occupation during World War II ended Dutch rule, and encouraged the previously suppressed Indonesian independence movement. Two days after the surrender of Japan in August 1945, Sukarno, an influential nationalist leader, declared independence and was appointed president. The Netherlands tried to reestablish their rule, and an armed and diplomatic struggle ended in December 1949, when in the face of international pressure, the Dutch formally recognized Indonesian independence (with the exception of The Dutch territory of West New Guinea, which was incorporated following the 1962 New York Agreement, and UN—mandated Act of Free Choice).
  
  Sukarno, Indonesia's founding presidentSukarno moved from democracy towards authoritarianism, and maintained his power base by balancing the opposing forces of the Military, Islam, and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI). An attempted coup on 30 September 1965 was countered by the army, who led a violent anti-communist purge, during which the PKI was blamed for the coup and effectively destroyed. Between 500,000 and one million people were killed. The head of the military, General Suharto, out-maneuvered the politically weakened Sukarno, and was formally appointed president in March 1968. His New Order administration was supported by the US government, and encouraged foreign direct investment in Indonesia, which was a major factor in the subsequent three decades of substantial economic growth. However, the authoritarian "New Order" was widely accused of corruption and suppression of political opposition.
  
  In 1997 and 1998, Indonesia was the country hardest hit by the Asian Financial Crisis. This increased popular discontent with the New Order and led to popular protests. Suharto resigned on 21 May 1998. In 1999, East Timor voted to secede from Indonesia, after a twenty-five-year military occupation that was marked by international condemnation of often brutal repression of the East Timorese. The Reformasi era following Suharto's resignation, has led to a strengthening of democratic processes, including a regional autonomy program, and the first direct presidential election in 2004. Political and economic instability, social unrest, corruption, and terrorism have slowed progress. Although relations among different religious and ethnic groups are largely harmonious, acute sectarian discontent and violence remain problems in some areas. A political settlement to an armed separatist conflict in Aceh was achieved in 2005.
  
  Government and politics
  
  Indonesia is a republic with a presidential system. As a unitary state, power is concentrated in the national government. Following the resignation of President Suharto in 1998, Indonesian political and governmental structures have undergone major reforms. Four amendments to the 1945 Constitution of Indonesia have revamped the executive, judicial, and legislative branches. The president of Indonesia is the head of state, commander-in-chief of the Indonesian Armed Forces, and the director of domestic governance, policy-making, and foreign affairs. The president appoints a council of ministers, who are not required to be elected members of the legislature. The 2004 presidential election was the first in which the people directly elected the president and vice president. The president may serve a maximum of two consecutive five-year terms.
  
  A session of the People's Representative Council in JakartaThe highest representative body at national level is the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). Its main functions are supporting and amending the constitution, inaugurating the president, and formalizing broad outlines of state policy. It has the power to impeach the president. The MPR comprises two houses; the People's Representative Council (DPR), with 550 members, and the Regional Representatives Council (DPD), with 168 members. The DPR passes legislation and monitors the executive branch; party-aligned members are elected for five-year terms by proportional representation. Reforms since 1998 have markedly increased the DPR's role in national governance. The DPD is a new chamber for matters of regional management.
  
  Most civil disputes appear before a State Court; appeals are heard before the High Court. The Supreme Court is the country's highest court, and hears final cassation appeals and conducts case reviews. Other courts include the Commercial Court, which handles bankruptcy and insolvency; a State Administrative Court to hear administrative law cases against the government; a Constitutional Court to hear disputes concerning legality of law, general elections, dissolution of political parties, and the scope of authority of state institutions; and a Religious Court to deal with specific religious cases.
  
  Foreign relations and military
  
  In contrast to Sukarno's anti-imperialistic antipathy to western powers and tensions with Malaysia, Indonesia's foreign relations since the Suharto "New Order" have been based on economic and political cooperation with Western nations. Indonesia maintains close relationships with its neighbors in Asia, and is a founding member of ASEAN and the East Asia Summit. The nation restored relations with the People's Republic of China in 1990 following a freeze in place since anti-communist purges early in the Suharto era. Indonesia has been a member of the United Nations since 1950, and was a founder of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) and the Organisation of the Islamic Conference (OIC). Indonesia is signatory to the ASEAN Free Trade Area agreement, and a member of OPEC, the Cairns Group, and the WTO. Indonesia has received humanitarian and development aid since 1966, in particular from the United States, western Europe, Australia, and Japan.
  
  National flags at the site of the 2002 terrorist bombing in Kuta, BaliThe Indonesian Government has worked with other countries to apprehend and prosecute perpetrators of major bombings linked to militant Islamism and Al-Qaeda. The deadliest killed 202 people (including 164 international tourists) in the Bali resort town of Kuta in 2002. The attacks, and subsequent travel warnings issued by other countries, severely damaged Indonesia's tourism industry and foreign investment prospects.
  
  Indonesia's 300,000-member armed forces (TNI) include the Army (TNI-AD), Navy (TNI-AL, which includes marines), and Air Force (TNI-AU). The army has about 233,000 active-duty personnel. Defense spending in the national budget was 4% of GDP in 2006, and is controversially supplemented by revenue from military commercial interests and foundations. In the post-Suharto period since 1998, formal TNI representation in parliament has been removed; though curtailed, its political influence remains extensive. Separatist movements in the provinces of Aceh and Papua have led to armed conflict, and subsequent allegations of human rights abuses and brutality from all sides. Following a sporadic thirty year guerrilla war between the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) and the Indonesian military, a ceasefire agreement was reached in 2005. In Papua, there has been a significant, albeit imperfect, implementation of regional autonomy laws, and a reported decline in the levels of violence and human rights abuses, since the presidency of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
  
  Administrative divisions
  
  Provinces of IndonesiaAdministratively, Indonesia consists of 33 provinces, five of which have special status. Each province has its own political legislature and governor. The provinces are subdivided into regencies (kabupaten) and cities (kota), which are further subdivided into subdistricts (kecamatan), and again into village groupings (either desa or kelurahan). Following the implementation of regional autonomy measures in 2001, the regencies and cities have become the key administrative units, responsible for providing most government services. The village administration level is the most influential on a citizen's daily life, and handles matters of a village or neighborhood through an elected lurah or kepala desa (village chief).
  
  The provinces of Aceh, Jakarta, Yogyakarta, Papua, and West Papua have greater legislative privileges and a higher degree of autonomy from the central government than the other provinces. The Acehnese government, for example, has the right to create an independent legal system; in 2003, it instituted a form of Sharia (Islamic law). Yogyakarta was granted the status of Special Region in recognition of its pivotal role in supporting Indonesian Republicans during the Indonesian Revolution. Papua, formerly known as Irian Jaya, was granted special autonomy status in 2001. Jakarta is the country's special capital region.
  
  Indonesian provinces and their capitals
  (Indonesian name in brackets where different from English)
  † indicates provinces with Special Status
  
  Sumatra
  
  Aceh† (Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam) - Banda Aceh
  North Sumatra (Sumatera Utara) - Medan
  West Sumatra (Sumatera Barat) - Padang
  Riau - Pekanbaru
  Riau Islands (Kepulauan Riau) - Tanjung Pinang
  Jambi - Jambi (city)
  South Sumatra (Sumatera Selatan) - Palembang
  Bangka-Belitung (Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung) - Pangkal Pinang
  Bengkulu - Bengkulu (city)
  Lampung - Bandar Lampung
  Java
  
  Jakarta† - Jakarta
  Banten - Serang
  West Java (Jawa Barat) - Bandung
  Central Java (Jawa Tengah) - Semarang
  Yogyakarta Special Region† - Yogyakarta (city)
  East Java (Jawa Timur) - Surabaya
  Lesser Sunda Islands
  
  Bali - Denpasar
  West Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Barat) - Mataram
  East Nusa Tenggara (Nusa Tenggara Timur) - Kupang
   Kalimantan
  
  West Kalimantan (Kalimantan Barat) - Pontianak
  Central Kalimantan (Kalimantan Tengah) - Palangkaraya
  South Kalimantan (Kalimantan Selatan) - Banjarmasin
  East Kalimantan (Kalimantan Timur) - Samarinda
  Sulawesi
  
  North Sulawesi (Sulawesi Utara) - Manado
  Gorontalo - Gorontalo (city)
  Central Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tengah) - Palu
  West Sulawesi (Sulawesi Barat) - Mamuju
  South Sulawesi (Sulawesi Selatan) - Makassar
  South East Sulawesi (Sulawesi Tenggara) - Kendari
  Maluku Islands
  
  Maluku - Ambon
  North Maluku (Maluku Utara) - Ternate
  Papua
  
  West Papua† (Papua Barat) - Manokwari
  Papua† - Jayapura
  
  Geography
  
  Map of IndonesiaIndonesia consists of 17,508 islands, about 6,000 of which are inhabited. These are scattered over both sides of the equator. The five largest islands are Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan (the Indonesian part of Borneo), New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea), and Sulawesi. Indonesia shares land borders with Malaysia on the islands of Borneo and Sebatik, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, and East Timor on the island of Timor. Indonesia also shares borders with Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines to the north and Australia to the south across narrow straits of water. The capital, Jakarta, is on Java and is the nation's largest city, followed by Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, and Semarang.
  
  At 1,919,440 square kilometers (741,050 sq mi), Indonesia is the world's 16th-largest country in terms of land area. Its average population density is 134 people per square kilometer (347 per sq mi), 79th in the world, although Java, the world's most populous island, has a population density of 940 people per square kilometer (2,435 per sq mi). At 4,884 meters (16,024 ft), Puncak Jaya in Papua is Indonesia's highest peak, and Lake Toba in Sumatra its largest lake, with an area of 1,145 square kilometers (442 sq mi). The country's largest rivers are in Kalimantan, and include the Mahakam and Barito; such rivers are communication and transport links between the island's river settlements.
  
  
  Mount Semeru and Mount Bromo in East Java. Indonesia's seismic and volcanic activity is among the world's highest.Indonesia's location on the edges of the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian tectonic plates makes it the site of numerous volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Indonesia has at least 150 active volcanoes, including Krakatoa and Tambora, both famous for their devastating eruptions in the 19th century. The eruption of the Toba supervolcano, approximately 70,000 years ago, was one of the largest eruptions ever, and a global catastrophe. Recent disasters due to seismic activity include the 2004 tsunami that killed an estimated 167,736 in northern Sumatra, and the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006. However, volcanic ash is a major contributor to the high agricultural fertility that has historically sustained the high population densities of Java and Bali.
  
  Lying along the equator, Indonesia has a tropical climate, with two distinct monsoonal wet and dry seasons. Average annual rainfall in the lowlands varies from 1,780–3,175 millimeters (70–125 in), and up to 6,100 millimeters (240 in) in mountainous regions. Mountainous areas—particularly in the west coast of Sumatra, West Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua—receive the highest rainfall. Humidity is generally high, averaging about 80%. Temperatures vary little throughout the year; the average daily temperature range of Jakarta is 26–30 °C (79–86 °F).
  
  Ecology
  
  The critically endangered Sumatran Orangutan, a great ape endemic to IndonesiaIndonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of biodiversity (after Brazil), and its flora and fauna is a mixture of Asian and Australasian species. Once linked to the Asian mainland, the islands of the Sunda Shelf (Sumatra, Java, Borneo, and Bali) have a wealth of Asian fauna. Large species such as the tiger, rhinoceros, orangutan, elephant, and leopard, were once abundant as far east as Bali, but numbers and distribution have dwindled drastically.
  
  Forests cover approximately 60% of the country. In Sumatra and Kalimantan, these are predominantly of Asian species. However, the forests of the smaller, and more densely populated Java, have largely been removed for human habitation and agriculture. Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, and Maluku—having been long separated from the continental landmasses—have developed their own unique flora and fauna. Papua was part of the Australian landmass, and is home to a unique fauna and flora closely related to that of Australia, including over 600 bird species.
  
  Orchid Cymbidium dayanumIndonesia is second only to Australia in its degree of endemism, with 26% of its 1,531 species of bird and 39% of its 515 species of mammal being endemic.
  
  Indonesia's 80,000 kilometers (50,000 mi) of coastline are surrounded by tropical seas that contribute to the country's high level of biodiversity. Indonesia has a range of sea and coastal ecosystems, including beaches, sand dunes, estuaries, mangroves, coral reefs, sea grass beds, coastal mudflats, tidal flats, algal beds, and small island ecosystems.
  
  The British naturalist, Alfred Wallace, described a dividing line between the distribution of Indonesia's Asian and Australasian species. Known as the Wallace Line, it runs roughly north-south along the edge of the Sunda Shelf, between Kalimantan and Sulawesi, and along the deep Lombok Strait, between Lombok and Bali. West of the line the flora and fauna are more Asian; moving east from Lombok, they are increasingly Australian. In his 1869 book, The Malay Archipelago, Wallace described numerous species unique to the surrounding area, which is now termed Wallacea.
  
  Indonesia's high population and rapid industrialization present serious environmental issues, which are often given a lower priority due to high poverty levels and weak, under-resourced governance. Issues include large-scale deforestation (much of it illegal) and related wildfires causing heavy smog over parts of western Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore; over-exploitation of marine resources; and environmental problems associated with rapid urbanization and economic development, including air pollution, traffic congestion, garbage management, and reliable water and waste water services. Habitat destruction threatens the survival of indigenous and endemic species, including 140 species of mammals identified by the World Conservation Union (IUCN) as threatened, and 15 identified as critically endangered, including the Sumatran Orangutan.
  
  Economy
  
  Using water buffalo to plough rice fields in Java. Agriculture has been the country's largest employer for centuries.Indonesia's estimated Gross Domestic Product (GDP) for 2007 is US$408 billion (US$1,038 bn PPP). In 2007, estimated nominal per capita GDP is US$1,812, and per capita GDP PPP was US$4,616 (International Dollars). The services sector is the economy's largest and accounts for 45.3% of GDP (2005). This is followed by industry (40.7%) and agriculture (14.0%). However, agriculture employs more people than other sectors, accounting for 44.3% of the 95 million-strong workforce. This is followed by the services sector (36.9%) and industry (18.8%). Major industries include petroleum and natural gas, textiles, apparel, and mining. Major agricultural products include palm oil, rice, tea, coffee, spices, and rubber.
  
  Indonesia's main export markets (2005) are Japan (22.3%), the United States (13.9%), China (9.1%), and Singapore (8.9%). The major suppliers of imports to Indonesia are Japan (18.0%), China (16.1%), and Singapore (12.8%). In 2005, Indonesia ran a trade surplus with export revenues of US$83.64 billion and import expenditure of US$62.02 billion. The country has extensive natural resources, including crude oil, natural gas, tin, copper, and gold. Indonesia's major imports include machinery and equipment, chemicals, fuels, and foodstuffs.
  
  Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia and the country's largest commercial centerIn the 1960s, the economy deteriorated drastically as a result of political instability, a young and inexperienced government, and ill-disciplined economic nationalism, which resulted in severe poverty and hunger. Following President Sukarno's downfall in the mid-1960s, the New Order administration brought a degree of discipline to economic policy that quickly brought inflation down, stabilized the currency, rescheduled foreign debt, and attracted foreign aid and investment. Indonesia is Southeast Asia's only member of OPEC, and the 1970s oil price raises provided an export revenue windfall that contributed to sustained high economic growth rates. Following further reforms in the late 1980s, foreign investment flowed into Indonesia, particularly into the rapidly developing export-oriented manufacturing sector, and from 1989 to 1997, the Indonesian economy grew by an average of over 7%.
  
  Indonesia was the country hardest hit by the East Asian financial crisis of 1997–98. Against the US dollar, the currency dropped from about Rp. 2,000 to Rp. 18,000, and the economy shrunk by 13.7%. The rupiah has since stabilized at around Rp. 10,000, and there has been a slow but significant economic recovery. Political instability since 1998, slow economic reform, and corruption at all levels of government and business, have contributed to the patchy nature of the recovery. (Transparency International, for example, ranked Indonesia 143rd out of 180 countries in its 2007 Corruption Perceptions Index). GDP growth, however, exceeded 5% in both 2004 and 2005, and is forecast to increase further. This growth rate, however, is not enough to make a significant impact on unemployment, and stagnant wages growth, and increases in fuel and rice prices have worsened poverty levels. As of 2006, an estimated 17.8% of the population live below the poverty line, 49.0% of the population live on less than US$2 per day, and unemployment rate at 9.75%.
  
  Demographics
  
  The national population from the 2000 national census is 206 million, and the Indonesian Central Statistics Bureau and Statistics Indonesia estimate a population of 222 million for 2006. 130 million people live on the island of Java, the world's most populous island. Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since the 1960s, the population is expected to grow to around 315 million by 2035, based on the current estimated annual growth rate of 1.25%.
  
  A Minangkabau woman in traditional dressMost Indonesians are descendant from Austronesian-speaking peoples who originated from Taiwan. The other major grouping are Melanesians, who inhabit eastern Indonesia. There are around 300 distinct native ethnicities in Indonesia, and 742 different languages and dialects. The largest is the Javanese, who comprise 42% of the population, and are politically and culturally dominant. The Sundanese, ethnic Malays, and Madurese are the largest non-Javanese groups. A sense of Indonesian nationhood exists alongside strongly maintained regional identities. Society is largely harmonious, although social, religious and ethnic tensions have triggered horrendous violence. Chinese Indonesians are an influential ethnic minority comprising less than 2% of the population. Much of the country's privately-owned commerce and wealth is Chinese-controlled, which has contributed to considerable resentment, and even anti-Chinese violence.
  
  The official national language, Indonesian, is universally taught in schools, and is spoken by nearly every Indonesian. It is the language of business, politics, national media, education, and academia. It was originally a lingua franca for most of the region, including present-day Malaysia, and is thus closely related to Malay. Indonesian was first promoted by nationalists in the 1920s, and declared the official language on independence in 1945. Most Indonesians speak at least one of the several hundred local languages (bahasa daerah), often as their first language. Of these, Javanese is the most widely-spoken as the language of the largest ethnic group. On the other hand, Papua has 500 or more indigenous Papuan and Austronesian languages, in a region of just 2.7 million people. Much of the older population can still speak a level of Dutch.
  
  Medan's Masjid Raya ('Great Mosque'). Indonesia has the world's largest Muslim population.Although religious freedom is stipulated in the Indonesian constitution, the government officially recognizes only six religions: Islam; Protestantism; Roman Catholicism; Hinduism; Buddhism; and Confucianism. Although it is not an Islamic state, Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation, with almost 86% of Indonesians declared Muslim according to the 2000 census. 11% of the population is Christian, 2% are Hindu, and 1% Buddhist. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese, and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are ethnic Chinese. Though now minority religions, Hinduism and Buddhism remain defining influences in Indonesian culture. Islam was first adopted by Indonesians in northern Sumatra in the 13th century, through the influence of traders, and became the country's dominant religion by the 16th century. Roman Catholicism was brought to Indonesia by early Portuguese colonialists and missionaries, and the Protestant denominations are largely a result of Dutch Calvinist and Lutheran missionary efforts during the country's colonial period. A large proportion of Indonesians—such as the Javanese abangan, Balinese Hindus, and Dayak Christians—practice a less orthodox, syncretic form of their religion, which draws on local customs and beliefs.
  
  Culture
  
  A Wayang kulit shadow puppet performance as seen by the audienceIndonesia has around 300 ethnic groups, each with cultural differences developed over centuries, and influenced by Indian, Arabic, Chinese, Malay, and European sources. Traditional Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology, as do wayang kulit (shadow puppet) performances. Textiles such as batik, ikat and songket are created across Indonesia in styles that vary by region. The most dominant influences on Indonesian architecture have traditionally been Indian; however, Chinese, Arab, and European architectural influences have been significant. The most popular sports in Indonesia are badminton and football; Liga Indonesia is the country's premier football club league. Traditional sports include sepak takraw, and bull racing in Madura. In areas with a history of tribal warfare, mock fighting contests are held, such as, caci in Flores, and pasola in Sumba. Pencak Silat is an Indonesian martial art. Sports in Indonesia are generally male-orientated and spectator sports are often associated with illegal gambling.
  
  A selection of Indonesian food, including Soto Ayam (chicken noodle soup), sate kerang (shellfish kebabs), telor pindang (preserved eggs), perkedel (fritter), and es teh manis (sweet iced tea)Indonesian cuisine varies by region and is based on Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, and Indian precedents. Rice is the main staple food and is served with side dishes of meat and vegetables. Spices (notably chili), coconut milk, fish and chicken are fundamental ingredients. Indonesian traditional music includes gamelan and keroncong. Dangdut is a popular contemporary genre of pop music that draws influence from Arabic, Indian, and Malay folk music. The Indonesian film industry's popularity peaked in the 1980s and dominated cinemas in Indonesia, although it declined significantly in the early 1990s. Between 2000 and 2005, the number of Indonesian films released each year has steadily increased.
  
  The oldest evidence of writing in Indonesia is a series of Sanskrit inscriptions dated to the 5th century CE. Important figures in modern Indonesian literature include: Dutch author Multatuli, who criticized treatment of the Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule; Sumatrans Muhammad Yamin and Hamka, who were influential pre-independence nationalist writers and politicians; and proletarian writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Indonesia's most famous novelist. Many of Indonesia's peoples have strongly-rooted oral traditions, which help to define and preserve their cultural identities. Media freedom in Indonesia increased considerably after the end of President Suharto's rule, during which the now-defunct Ministry of Information monitored and controlled domestic media, and restricted foreign media. The TV market includes ten national commercial networks, and provincial networks that compete with public TVRI. Private radio stations carry their own news bulletins and foreign broadcasters supply programs. At a reported 20 million users in 2007, Internet usage is limited to a minority of the population, approximately 8.5%.
dōng nán guó jiā
印度尼西亚 东南亚国家
  dōng nán guó jiābāo kuò mén zhǎo děng xiǎo dǎo 13700 duō miàn 190 46 wàn píng fāng qiān wéi shì jiè zuì de qún dǎo guórén kǒu 1 96 (1993 nián )。 yòu 100 duō mín shǒu jiā xíng shān qiū líng wéi zhùduō huǒ shān zhènkuà chì dào nán běi fēn wéi dài lín hòu dài zuò yuán fēng xiàng jiāo zōng yóu chǎn liàng chū kǒu liàng jūn shì jiè qián lièshí yóu zài chū kǒu zhōng zhàn zhòng yào wèi
yìn dù ní xī yà yìn dù ní xī yà
  dōng nán dǎo guó , wèi zhōu 'ào zhōu liǎng tài píng yángyìn yáng zhī jiān , miàn 191 wàn píng fāng gōng , rén kǒu 1.41 , shǒu jiā kuàng yuán sēn lín yuán fēng , jīng nóng wéi zhù , tiān rán xiàng jiāo zhàn shì jiè 'èr wèi
yóu Travel
   yìn zuì jiā yóu shí jiānyìn chù chì dàocháng nián hòu yán nián jūn wēn 27℃。 dāng wéi diǎn xíng de dài lín hòugāo wēnduō cháo shīměi nián de 5 yuè héng héng 10 yuèjiàng shuǐxiàng duì jiào shǎo shí shì yóu de huáng jīn jié
   yìn měi shíyìn běn cài kǒu wèi jiào zhòngcài yáo zhōng cháng jiā jiāng jiāodīng xiāngdòu kòugālí děng zhǒng xiāng liào tiáowèicān zhuō shàng cháng bèi yòu jiāo jiàngyìn cài yáo zhōngzuì diǎn xíng de shì dōng cài yóu zhà wèi zhòng 'ér wén míng huān chī de yóu fáng shì shìyìn rén huān chīshā diē”、“ dēng dēng”、“ gālíděng
   yìn fēng wèi xiǎo chī zhù yào yòu jiān xiāng jiāonuò tuán ròu wánchǎo fàn zhǒng kǎo zhì gāo diǎnzuì shòu wài guó yóu rén huān de shì dāng chǎn de zhǒng dài shuǐ guǒ yòushuǐ guǒ zhī wángzhī chēng de liú liányòushuǐ guǒ zhī hòuzhī chēng de shān zhú máng guǒhóng máo dān shé guǒ guārén xīn guǒniú xīn guǒxiāng jiāo luófān zhīě yóuchéng děng zhōng xiāng jiāo pǐn zhǒng duō shí zhǒngxīn xiān de zài yìn yóu jǐng diǎn suí chù jiànqiě jià piányíshì hěn shòu huān yíng de yǐn liào
   yìn gòu yìn de gōng pǐn niàn pǐn huā pǐn zhǒng fán duō yòu zhī chùzhù míng de yòu duǎn jiàn diāoyín zhì pǐntóng huò tóng jīn shén xiàng yǐng kuǐ léi 'ǒu kuǐ léijǐng xíngcǎi bèi zhì pǐndīng xiāng chuàn shù pǐntiān rán bǎo shíyìn fēng jǐng huàxiǎo xíng gōng tíng jīn chēzhǎo juàn zhì rén xiàngzhuāng shì shànniú jiǎo zhì gōng pǐnguǒ xiǎo gōng pǐn róng shù shǒu zhàng shù dàilóng dǎo 'ān shǒu gōng jiàn děng
   yìn jiāo tōng
   yìn jiāo tōng shí fēn biàn háng kōng wǎng jiā wéi zhōng xīn guó nèi wài zhù yào chéng shì jiāo zhì 'ér chénghuǒ chē jiā wéi shǐ zhànlái wǎng zhǎo dǎo mén dǎo jiān
   háng kōng
   xīn jiā lái tài guóxiāng gǎngzhōng guó tǎnōu zhōu běi měi guó dōuyòu fēi wǎng yìn de háng bānyìn guó nèi chéng shì jiān yědōu yòu háng bān xiāng tōng jiā shuǐmián lándān chà zhī jiān měi tiān yòu duō háng bān lái wǎng
   tiě
   yìn tiě duō zhōng zài zhǎo dǎoběi xiàn cóng jiā jīng jǐng ménsān bǎo lǒng dào shuǐnán xiàn cóng jiā jīng wàn lóng dào shuǐliè chē dōushì cháo zhì
   gōng
   zhǎo dǎo mén dǎo shàng gōng jiāo tōng jiào cóng jiā wàn lóng shuǐ děng zhōng xīn chéng shì yòu tōng wǎng zhōu biān de duǎn gāo gōng chéng shì jiān yòu cháng chē wǎng lái
   shuǐ yùn
   yìn shì dǎo guó zhù yào dǎo jiān duō kào lún lún xiāng tōnglún hái zài yóu de chē zǒu cóng zhǎo dǎo mén dǎoyóu xiān chéng chē zhì zhǎo běi duān de kǒng què (merak) gǎngrán hòu chéng lún chuān guò xùn hǎi xiádào mén nán nán bǎng shěng de guǒ hài (bakauheni)。 cóng zhǎo dǎo dǎo cóng zhǎo dǎo dōng duān de wài nán mèng (banyuwangi) chéng lún chuān guò hǎi xiádào dǎo duān de (gili-manuk)。
   yìn zhù yìn chéng shì xīng shàng de fàn diàn shè bèi dào shì jiè shuǐ zhǔndàn jīn jiào gāo xīng fàn diàn de tōng fáng shōu fèi biāo zhǔn dōuzài 200 měi yuán shàng xiàèr sān xīng de guǎnsuī shèn háo huádàn zhù shè bèi quánqīng jié shū shìér fáng yào fàn diàn duō tōng fáng měi wǎn shōu fèi zài sān shí měi yuán zhì jiǔ shí měi yuán zhī jiān xīng de xiǎo guǎn bān shè shī jiào chādàn jià xiāng dāng piányíměi jiān fáng měi wǎn zhǐ shōu shí měi yuán shèn zhì shù měi yuán
   zài guǎn zhù yào bǎo guǎn hǎo de pǐnyóu shì qián guì zhòng pǐnqièwù suí fàng zài fáng nèi jiù fáng wài chūyòu xiē fàn diàn fáng jiān nèi shè yòu bǎo xiǎn guìyóu jiāng guì zhòng pǐn fàng zài bǎo xiǎn guì dàn zhù bǎo cún hǎo bǎo xiǎn guì yàoshì
   yìn yìn chéng shì kāi shè yòu tīng jiā yòu jiān háo huá tīngnéng róng shàng bǎi zhì shù bǎi réntīng nèi shè yòu duō cān zhuō rén biān xiǎng yòng měi wèi jiā yáo biān xīn shǎng jié yǎn yuán yòu lái dāng de yòu cóng xīn jiā lái tài guófěi bīnxiāng gǎng tái wān děng qǐng lái deyǎn chū jié fēng duō cǎiyóu wǎn jiān ruò yòu yóu huó dòng shí jiān fáng jié bàn tīng xiǎng shòu xià wài chéng shì zhōng dōuyòu xiē tīng 'ài tiào zhě
   rén kǒu:2 .17
   miàn : 190 wàn píng fāng gōng
   wèi zhìwèi zhōu dōng nán kuà chì dàoshì shì jiè shàng zuì de qún dǎo guó jiāyóu tài píng yáng yìn yáng zhī jiān17508 xiǎo dǎo chéng
   yánguān fāng guān fāng yán wéi yìn
   mín zhǎo zhàn 47%、 xùn zhàn 14%、 mǎdōu zhàn 7%。
   zōng jiào lán jiào zhàn 90%、 jiào 6.5%, tiān zhù jiào zhàn 3.1%、 rén xìn fèng yìn jiào děng
   guó huā huā :8 yuè17 (1945 nián
   guó qìng :8 yuè17 (1945 nián
   guó miàn yóu shàng hóng xià bái liǎng xiāng děng de héng cháng fāng xíng gòu chéngcháng kuān zhī wéi3∶2。 hóng xiàng zhēng yǒng gǎn zhèng hái xiàng zhēng yìn hòu de fán róng chāng shèngbái xiàng zhēng yóugōng zhèngchún jiéhái biǎo liǎo yìn rén mín fǎn duì qīn lüèàihào píng de měi hǎo yuàn wàng
   guó huīyóu zhǐ jīn de yīng miàn dùn yīng zhǎo zhuā zhe de tiáo shòu dài chéngyīng xiàng zhēng chuàng zào yīng liǎng yòu17 gēn máowěi gēnzhè shì wèile niàn yìn de héng héngyuè17 yīng xiōng qián de dùn miàn yóu fēn chénghēi xiǎo dùn jīn huáng de jiǎo xīng dài biǎo zōng jiào xìn yǎng xiàng zhēngpān chá héng héng yìn jiàn guó de xiàng běn yuán shuǐ niú tóu xiàng zhēng zhù quán shǔ rén mínróng shù xiàng zhēng mín shímián táo dào suì xiàng zhēng gōng zhèngjīn shì huán xiàng zhēng rén dào zhù shì dài xiāng chuándùn miàn shàng de hēi xiàn dài biǎo chì dàoyīng zhǎo zhuā zhe de shòu dài shàng yòng yìn wén xiě zhe zhōng yòu tóng”。
   xíng zhèng huágòng yòu xíng zhèng 30 bāo kuò jiā shǒu lán fāng ,27 shěng běi mén mén liào nèizhàn bēipéng nán mén nán bǎngbāng jiā dòng zhǎo zhōng zhǎo dōng zhǎo wàn dān shā dēng jiā dōng shā dēng jiā běi nán běi wēi zhōng wēi dōng nán wēi nán wēi lún luòdōng jiā màn dānzhōng jiā màn dānnán jiā màn dān jiā màn dānèr xíng zhèng xiàn / shì)410
   yìn héng kuà chì dào wèi zhì chù zài 'ào liǎng zhōu zhī jiānbīn lín yìn yáng tài píng yángshì lián jiē liǎng zhōu liǎng yáng de hǎi shàng shū niǔ
   yìn shì shì jiè shàng dǎo zuì duō de guó jiāyóu hǎi 'àn xiàn màn chángdǎo shàng de yóu yuán wéi fēng yóu xiù de dài fēng guāng zuì ràng rén nán wàng
   dǎo yòushī zhī dǎo”、“ tiān táng dǎoděng měi chēngzhè rán fēng guāng yǐn rén shèngshì tiān rán de jiǎ shèng zhōng zhǎo de qiān nián luó lán bān nán yìn jiào líng miào qúnjūn bèi lián guó jiào wén zhì liè shì jiè wén huà chǎn míng shǒu jiā shì yìn mín wén huà róng de suō yǐngshì wài guó yóu yóu zhī
   yìn shì duō mín guó jiāquán guó yòu 100 duō mín zhōng zhǎo rén zuì duō duō shù yìn rén xìn fèng lán jiàoshǎo fēn xìn fèng jiào tiān zhù jiào wài hái yòu yìn jiào jiào yuán shǐ bài jiào děng
   gōng yuán3-7 shì jiàn liǎo xiē fēn sàn de fēng jiàn wáng guó。13 shì zhì14 shì chūzài zhǎo jiàn liǎo yìn shǐ shàng zuì qiáng de nuò xiē fēng jiàn guó。15 shì táo bān yīng guó xiān hòu qīn 。1596 nián lán qīn ,1602 nián chéng yòu zhèng zhí quán dedōng yìn gōng ”,1799 nián gǎi shè zhí mín zhèng 。1942 nián běn zhàn lǐng yìn ,1945 nián běn tóu jiàng hòuyìn bào yuè mìng,8 yuè17 xuān chéng yìn gòng guó。1947 nián hòu lán yìn jīng guò duō zhàn zhēng xié shāng1949 nián11 yuè qiān dìng yìn yuán zhuō huì xié dìng》。 gēn xié dìngyìn tóng nián12 yuè27 chéng lián bāng gòng guócān jiā yìn lián bāng。1950 niányuè yìn lián bāng yuàn tōng guò lín shí xiàn zhèng shì xuān chéng yìn gòng guó
   fèng xíng zhù jié méng de wài jiāo zhèng zhù zhāng píng děngxiāng zūn zhòng guó píng héng yuán cānyù guó shì
   rán wèi zhōu dōng nán kuà chì dàoshì shì jiè shàng zuì de qún dǎo guó jiāyóu tài píng yáng yìn yáng zhī jiān17508 xiǎo dǎo chéng zhōng yuē6000 yòu rén zhù miàn wéi1 ,904 ,443 píng fāng gōng hǎi yáng miàn 3 ,166 ,163 píng fāng gōng bāo kuò zhuān shǔ jīng chēng qiān dǎo zhī guóběi de jiā màn dān dǎo lái jiē rǎngxīn nèi xīn nèi xiāng liándōng běi miàn lín fěi bīndōng nán shì yìn yáng nán 'ào xiāng wànghǎi 'àn xiàn zǒng cháng54716 gōng dài lín hòunián píng jūn wēn 25-27℃。 yìn shì huǒ shān zhī guóquán guó gòng yòu huǒ shān400 duō zuò zhōng huó huǒ shān100 duō zuòhuǒ shān pēn chū de huǒ shān huī hǎi yáng xìng hòu dài lái de chōng pèi liàngshǐ yìn chéng wéi shì jiè shàng zuì féi de dài zhī quán guó dǎo chù chù qīng shān shuǐ jiē xiàrén men chēng wéichì dào shàng de fěi cuì”。
   jiǎn shǐgōng yuán3-7 shì jiàn liǎo xiē fēn sàn de fēng jiàn wáng guó。13 shì zhì14 shì chūzài zhǎo jiàn liǎo yìn shǐ shàng zuì qiáng de nuò xiē fēng jiàn guó。15 shì táo bān yīng guó xiān hòu qīn 。1596 nián lán qīn ,1602 nián chéng yòu zhèng zhí quán dedōng yìn gōng ”,1799 nián gǎi shè zhí mín zhèng 。1942 nián běn zhàn lǐng yìn ,1945 nián běn tóu jiàng hòuyìn bào yuè mìng,8 yuè17 xuān chéng yìn gòng guó。1947 nián hòu lán yìn jīng guò duō zhàn zhēng xié shāng1949 nián11 yuè qiān dìng yìn yuán zhuō huì xié dìng》。 gēn xié dìngyìn tóng nián12 yuè27 chéng lián bāng gòng guócān jiā yìn lián bāng。1950 niányuè yìn lián bāng yuàn tōng guò lín shí xiàn zhèng shì xuān chéng yìn gòng guó
   jīng yuán fēng de yìn yòu dài bǎo dǎozhī chēngkuàng chǎn yuán fēng jié zhì2003 niánshí yóu tàn míng chǔ liàng47 .2 tǒngtiān rán tàn míng chǔ liàng94 .75 wàn fāng chǐsēn lín miàn 9400 wàn gōng qǐngyuē zhàn guó zǒng miàn de49%。 yìn shì dōng méng zuì de jīng nóng yóu chǎn shì chuán tǒng zhī zhù chǎn quán guó59% de rén kǒu cóng shì bāo kuò lín zài nèi de nóng shēng chǎn zōng yóuxiàng jiāo jiāo chǎn liàng jūn shì jiè 'èr wèi fēi chǎn liàng shì jiè wèiyìn shì shí yóu shū chū guó zhìōu pèi chéng yuán guó,2004 nián chǎn yuán yóu yuē140 wàn tǒngyìn zhèng zhòng shì yóu zhù kāi yóu jǐng diǎn yóu chéng wéi yìn chuàng huì de zhòng yào hángyèzhù yào yóu diǎn yòu dǎo luó yìn suō yǐng gōng yuán huáng gōngduō děngzhǎo dǎo shì yìn jīng zhèng zhì wén huà zuì de xiē zhòng yào de chéng shì míng shèng zuò luò zài zhè dǎo shàngyìn shǒu jiā shì dōng nán chéng shìwèi zhǎo běi hǎi 'ànrén kǒu830 duō wàn
xíng zhèng huá Administrative Division
印度尼西亚 行政区划
  fēn wéi jiā shǒu (DaerahKhususIbukota)、 (NanggroeAcehDarussalam)、 (NanggroeAcehDarussalam), 30 shěng (Provinsi), gòng 33 fāng xíng zhèng 。 2003 nián 12 yuèèr xíng zhèng yòu 349 xiàn (Kabupatan), 91 shì (Kotamadya)。 quán guó gòng yòu 3,844 xiāng (Kecamatan), 65,852 cūnzhèn (Desa、 Kelurahan)(1995 nián tǒng )。
  
   gōng yuán 3 zhì 7 shì jiàn liǎo xiē fēn sàn de wáng cháo。 13 shì 14 shì chū zhǎo xíng chéng qiáng de nuò xiē fēng jiàn guó。 15 shì xiān hòu zāo táo bān yīng guó de qīn, 1602 nián lán zài yìn chéng yòu zhèng zhí quán dedōng yìn gōng ”, kāi shǐ cháng 300 duō nián de zhí mín tǒng zhì。 1942 nián běn qīn, 1945 nián běn tóu jiàng hòu bào 8 yuè mìng, 8 yuè 17 xuān gào chéng yìn gòng guó
  
   dào 1950 niánquán guó fēn wéi běi mén shěngzhōng mén shěngnán mén shěng zhǎo shěngzhōng zhǎo shěngdōng zhǎo shěngxiǎo xùn shěngjiā màn dān shěng wēi shěng shěng 'ān chá shěng 11 shěng 1
  
  1950: bié shè cóng zhōng zhǎo shěng fēn
  1956: jiā màn dān shěng chè xiāofēn wéi dōng jiā màn dān shěngnán jiā màn dān shěng jiā màn dān shěng .
  1957: zhōng mén shěng chè xiāofēn wéi zhàn bēi shěngliáo nèi shěng mén shěng
   jiā shǒu shè cóng zhǎo shěng fēn ; .
  1958: xiǎo xùn shěng chè xiāofēn wéi shěng shā dēng jiā shěng dōng shā dēng jiā shěng .
   zhōng jiā màn dān shěng shè cóng nán jiā màn dān shěng fēn .
  1960: wēi shěng chè xiāofēn wéi nán wēi shěng běi wēi shěng .
  1964: nán bǎng shěng shè cóng nán mén shěng fēn ;
   zhōng wēi shěng shè cóng běi wēi shěng fēn ;
   dōng nán wēi shěng shè cóng nán wēi shěng fēn ;
  1967: míng shěng shè cóng nán mén shěng fēn .
  1971: nán wēi shěng de shěng huì wàng jiā gēngmíng wéi róng pān dāng Ujungpandang.
  1976.7: qiáng bìng dōng mén mín zhù gòng guó wéi dōng mén shěng .
  1999.9: běi shěng shè shěng běi hēi děng dǎo fēn shǒu 'ěr shì
  1999.11: nán wēi shěng de shěng huì róng pān dāng huī 1971 nián qián de míng wàng jiā
  2000.10: wàn dān shěng shè zhǎo shěng fēn shèshǒu kǒng què gǎng( PelabuhanMerak), zàn zhù lěng
  2000.11: bāng jiā dòng shěng shè yóu yuán shǔ nán mén shěng de bāng jiā dǎo dòng dǎo děng wéi fàn wéishǒu bāng jiā bīn gǎng
  2000.12: lún luò shěng shè jiù shǔ běi wēi shěngshǒu lún luò
  2001.12: 'ān chá shěng gēngmíng wéi shěng
  2002.1: shū zhì tōng guò de zhèng shì míng chēng gǎi wéi NanggroeAcehDarussalam。
  2002.5.20: dōng mén shěng huò wán quán
  2002.9.24: liào nèi qún dǎo shěng shè jiù shǔ liào nèixǐngshǒu dān róng bīn láng
  2003.11.14: 'ān chá shěng zhèng shì chéng dàn zài bào kàng xiàzhōng dōng liǎng shěng zhì jīn méi yòu zhèng shì chéng
  2004.9.22: yìn huì zhǔn wēi shěng chéng fēn nán wēi shěng fēn zhì
yīngwénjièshì
  1. :  ID Indonesia
  2. n.:  id,  indonesia
fǎwénjièshì
  1. n.  Indonésie
jìnyící
yìn gòng guó , yìn
xiàngguāncí
yóu zhōu chéng shì míng bǎi quán dǎo jǐng guān
chéng shì gǎng kǒu shì jiè zhī zuì zhǎo bǎi diǎn dōng nán dǎo huǒ shān shān fēng
ào yùn guànjūn máo qiú tán shuài gèng duō jiēguǒ ...
bāo hán cí
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yìn dòu táng shuǐ yìn wèn yán jiū huì
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yìn guó jiā měi shù guǎn yìn gòng guó xiàn
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· yìn mén zhènyìn suō yǐng gōng yuán
yìn guó jiā shū guǎn yìn gāng guǎn zhì zào gōng
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yìn mèng jiǎo 'ān kāng yìn tóu kǒng
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yìn chún yín hàn yìn dài xiǎo gōng
5·9 yìn mén zhènshì jiè lǎn huì yìn guó jiā guǎn
4·7 yìn mén zhènzhōng guó 2010 nián shàng hǎi shì huì yìn guó jiā guǎn
yìn chū kǒu xìn dài bǎo xiǎn gōng mén dǎo shì jiè liù dǎo yìn dǎo
yìn zhōng huá lán jiào xié huì yìn lán xiōng jīn huì
mén dǎo-- shì jiè liù dǎo yìn dǎo
fēnlèixiángqíng
 <span title=张>zhāng</span> <span title=开>kāi</span> dǎo mén zhǎo xiǎo xùn jiā màn dān
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