South America (English: South America; Etymology: May 利哥维斯普 West), one of the seven continents, is located in the southern hemisphere, west of the South Pacific, the east is the Atlantic Ocean, the north is the Caribbean Sea. South America is part of the south American continent, several thousand meters above sea level west of the Andes, the East is mainly plain, including the Amazon forest. South America area of 17,840,000 square kilometers, accounting for 3.5% of the Earth's surface. Until 2005, the population of South America have been 371,000,000, world number four (the first in Asia and second in Africa, followed by North America.) Geography Terrain South America has a variety of terrain, there are lingering bend towering mountains, ancient crystalline highlands, alluvial plains and basins. Bending mountain plateau extends from Mexico to the Andes; ancient crystalline rocks are located in the highlands of Brazil, Guyana highlands, rich in metal ores, copper mines in Chile, also located in the ancient geology. Alluvial plains are the Orinoco basin, the Amazon Basin, La Plata plains, pampas. Andes 6,400 km north to south and the Andes, the highest mountain is Mount Aconcagua, 6962 meters high, integrated cross-Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina, the seven countries. The southern section of several parallel rows of the Andes Cordillera mountain range, with an average altitude of about 3350 ~ 3900 meters, its on the Atacama plateau. About the middle of the Andes in Bolivia's territory, with an average altitude of 3,000 to 3600 meters, is divided into East and West two, during a wave and the Lake Titicaca Lake. Divided into many branch in Peru has mountains, on which there are many active volcanoes, including Chimborazo volcano (6310 m), Cotonou Bussey volcano (5896 m) and so on. Colombia is divided into three, the last turn to the northeast of Venezuela, Merida formation of mountains. Guyana Highlands Guyana highlands in southeast Venezuela, low platform, but also for the crystallization of the ancient terrain, to the southeast extends to Guyana, Suriname and northern Brazil. Meanwhile there are many cliff waterfalls, Angel Falls, the world's highest throne here. Amazon Basin Amazon Amazon basin from the alluvial, a tropical rain forest climate, is not living, the world's largest tropical rainforest, the lungs of the earth the title has an area of approximately 650 million square kilometers. Brazil Plateau Is a crystallization of the ancient rock formations, producing several kinds of minerals located in eastern Brazil, the main city of southeast Brazil. La Plata plains By the La Plata River alluvial, extending from Argentina to Paraguay and Uruguay. West of the Andes, Brazil, the northeast plateau. Patagonia The southernmost tip of South America's mountain base, belong to high ground climate, the number of rivers east of the origin, originally covered large tracts of forest to pasture is now more developed. Rivers and lakes There are several rivers in South America, the more famous are the Amazon, Orinoco and La Plata River; major lakes are some of the Titicaca Lake and Lake Maracaibo (lagoon). Amazon The world's traffic, the largest and second longest river basin, the birthplace of the Andes about 150 kilometers east of the river bend continuously, there are many branches, and finally to the horse if the island together. River length, there are two algorithms, one from the Lao Like Charles Lake (Madeira headwater) the date, about 6280 km long. The other is counting from the Bila Fu Lo, about 6449 km long. The Lake Titicaca The world's highest lake, elevation 3812 meters, an area of 8290 square kilometers, about 177 km and a width of 56 km, maximum depth 475 m, by Qiu Kuituo Lake and Slovenia Maca Lake, southeast coast of the Inca Empire palace. Lake Maracaibo In Venezuela, and Venezuela by the Taff cable connected Bay, about 210 kilometers, an area of about 13,210 kilometers square. Climate The most extensive areas of South America near the equator, in temperate small land area, resulting in a small range of temperate, tropical range. Amazon basin and eastern highlands of Guyana is a tropical rain forest climate. Orinoco basin, the western highlands of Guyana and Brazil is a savannah climate with high principles. All are high Andes climate. Peru, northern Chile due to southeast trade winds and high pressure back flow of Peru's cool to form a tropical desert climate. Summer was dry winter rain in central Chile's Mediterranean climate. Temperate maritime climate is temperate southern Chile. The eastern plains of La Plata for the Summer-type humid climate. Pampas climate is temperate grassland. Patagonia westerly back because the formation of high-desert climate temperate. Economy Twelve South American countries have joined the South American countries, Union, Union, will be headquartered in Quito, the Parliament based in Cochabamba, Bolivia, and South America, the capital of banks will be located in Caracas Venezuela, scheduled for 2014 2019 years and removal of non-sensitive goods and tariffs on sensitive commodities. Agriculture Livestock Land required for larger livestock, only in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia no livestock. Mineral Industry Culture and Language The culture of the original South American Indian culture to the main mass mortality of European _set_tlers on the Indians to supplement the labor force after the introduction of slaves, so that the area origin complex. Brought by Spain and Portugal long-dominant Latino culture, it is often said that Latin America, South America, but the Indian culture has not disappeared, and the integration of black African culture, cultural conflict and integration among each other to form a synthesis of culture, the South American culture more rich. Major languages of South America: Green --- Spanish; orange --- Portuguese; blue --- French Due to the long colonial, national official language is mostly the language of the colonial mother country, but a few, such as adding Kui language, Guaraní (Paraguay) still exist. Most countries in South America's official language is Spanish, others such as Brazil Portuguese, English Guyana, Suriname is Dutch, French Guiana was French. Natural disasters South America, mainly influenced by three disasters, namely earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and the El Niño phenomenon, causing human casualties and property losses and other incidents, the impact of a country should not be underestimated. Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions Orogeny of South America is South American plate and the plate that Zika Hai each extrusion, the formation of the Andes, is a new fold mountain, but also its distribution on the number of active volcanoes. Four recent major earthquake occurred over the past century, the first time in 1868 in Ecuador and Colombia, earthquake, about 70,000 casualties; the second took place in Valparaiso (Chile), as the Richter earthquake magnitude scale of 8.6, 20,000 casualties occurred in 1906; the third time in Chillan (Chile), 7.8 Richter scale earthquake intensity, 30,000 casualties occurred in 1939; the fourth time in Chimbote (Peru ), 7.7 Richter scale earthquake intensity, 66,000 casualties occurred in 1970. When there is still the main volcano. South America's Aconcagua the highest mountain, located in Argentina, 6960 m above sea level, is extinct. Another Youye subfamily volcano, located in Chile, Argentina border, 6723 meters above sea level, is extinct. India Bhargava Xifeng, located in Chile, Argentina border, 6709 meters above sea level. Singapore Cable Green Mountain, located in Ecuador, altitude 6310 meters, is a dormant volcano. Ge Duobo Xifeng, in Ecuador, 5896 meters above sea level, is an active volcano; Ruiz volcano, located in Colombia, altitude 5399 meters, is an active volcano; Sangay volcano, located in Ecuador, altitude 5230 meters, is an active volcano ; Tungurahua volcano in Ecuador, altitude 5016 meters, is a dormant volcano; Mount Pichincha in Ecuador, altitude 4794 meters, is an active volcano. December 1997 observed El Niño sea surface temperature distribution, we can see that the eastern Pacific near the equator than usual ocean temperatures increased more than five degrees. El Nino El Nino, because of the trade winds weaken and warm pressed against a strong wind of tropical South American coast, water temperature, South America and the West Bank upwelling weakened or even disappear, south anchovy forage fish decreased in the fishery in the foraging reduction of seabirds, as a layer of guano fertilizer raw materials is also important to reduce economic losses caused to local residents. South America into the West Bank by the dry and wet, both Peru and Chile, there have been so rare floods, caused many casualties, property losses. Environmental changes, many mosquitoes, rats and other vectors to increase and spread of dengue fever, plague, malaria and other infectious diseases. South American countries and regions Following is a list of all countries and regions in South America. State population density ↓ (/ Sq.km) ↓ Area (Sq.km) ↓ Population (2002-07-01 est.) ↓ ↓ official language Spanish in Ecuador 47 283,560 13,447,494 1,138,910 41,008,227 36 Colombia Spanish 27 912,050 24,287,670 Spanish Venezuela 22 1,285,220 27,949,639 Peru Spanish Portuguese Brazil 21 8,511,965 176,029,560 Chile 20 756,950 15,498,930 Spanish Spanish Uruguay 19 176,220 3,386,575 Paraguay 14 406,750 5,884,491 Spanish, Guaraní Spanish in Argentina 14 2,766,890 37,812,817 Bolivia Spanish 7.7 1,098,580 8,445,134 Guyana English 3.2 214,970 698,209 Dutch Suriname 2.7 163,270 436,494 French Guiana (France) 91,000 182,333 2.0 Falkland Islands (British) English
The full name of "South american continents." In the southern half of the Western Hemisphere. East Atlantic Ocean, west Pacific. Area of about 18 million square kilometers, population 3 02 亿. Eastern and Western terrain differs greatly from the west to its lofty mountains, the eastern plateau, plain white distribution. Mainly to the tropical climate. Petroleum, iron, copper, silver and other mineral and forest, rich in water resources. Rich in sugar cane, bananas, coffee and other cash crops. Rich coastal fisheries resources. Residents of the complex ethnic composition, there are white, mixed, Indian, black and so on. Total of 13 countries and regions.
Ecuador