① that region of Central Africa. Usually include Chad, Central Africa, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Zaire, Sao Tome and Principe. ② Central African landlocked country. Area of 623 square kilometers. Population 3.3 million (1994). The capital Bangui. Most of the plateau and mountainous areas. Tropical climate. Agriculture dominates the economy. Export of diamonds, coffee, cotton and timber.
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No. 2
Means the Central Africa region. Usually include Chad, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Zaire, and Sao Tome and Principe. Sometimes to Zambia and Malawi, Zimbabwe, as part of Central Africa.
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① Central African Republic
Central Africa (state) (Central African Republic, CAR) Landlocked country in central Africa continent. The full name of the Central African Republic. Name: The Central African Republic (English: The Central African Republic French: République Centrafricaine) Independence Day: August 13 (1960) National Day: 1 December (1958) African flags: rectangular, length and width ratio is 5:3. The flag consists of four parallel equal horizontal rectangles and a vertical rectangle. Horizontal rectangular top-down order of blue, white, green, yellow in color, red vertical rectangle around the face of the flag is divided into two equal parts. Upper left corner of the flag has a yellow five-pointed star. Blue, white and red tricolor French flag with the same color, which means that the historical relationship between Africa and France, but also a symbol of peace and sacrifice; Green symbolizes forest; yellow symbol savannas and deserts. Pentagram is a guideline African people toward the future bright star. African Emblem: Center for the coat of arms. Face shield five pictorial; profile and five-pointed star in the middle of Africa; corners patterns were African elephant head, where the tree-Africa, Central African Republic emblem three diamonds and black hands. Trees symbolize Africa is rich in forest resources, intended to commemorate the black hand "black non-social development movement" to fight for national independence and the struggle. Sun pattern on the coat of arms, on which the words "1 December 1958", which is a common body of Africa to become France Date "autonomous republic"; ribbon sun on top of the sentence written by Sango motto, meaning "world of equality." Coat of arms on each side of the side-Africa flag, there is a medal below the French words "unity, dignity, hard-working" under the ribbon medal. Geography: Area 622,984 in Central Africa, landlocked country. The junction of East and Sudan. South with Congo (Brazzaville) and Congo (DRC) to the west and adjacent to Cameroon, Chad North neighborhood. Hilly territory, most of 700-1000 meters above sea level altitude. Plateau roughly divided into eastern Bangge Si plateau; western India Germany plateau; Central Highlands ridge, and more constricted mouth for north-south traffic arteries. En Jiaya northeastern border mountain 1388 meters above sea level, is the highest point. Ubangi River is the largest river in the territory, in addition to Chari River. Northern savannah climate, southern tropical rainforest climate. Population: 39 00 000 (2005) African tribal-owned size 32, there Baya, Banda, Sango and Manjit Albanians and so on. The official language is French. Common Sango. Residents believe in primitive religion accounted for 60%, Roman Catholic 20%, Protestant 15%, Muslim 5%. Currency: CFA BEAC Franc Central African Finan-Coop Franc CFAF XAF 1XAF = 100 centimes (cents) Capital: Bangui (Bangui) Difference: 7 hours later than Beijing Human Development Index: Index: 0.353 World No. 172 〗 〖Brief History 9 to 16 century AD has appeared Bangassou, December Fey and slaughter Bormio three tribal kingdom. 16-18 century slave trade to make the local population greatly reduced. 1885 was the French invasion in 1891 became a French colony. 1910 was designated as the four territories of French Equatorial Africa, one, called Ubangi-Shari. 1946 became a French overseas territory. Early 1957 to become "semi-autonomous republic", December 1, 1958 to become a common body of France "autonomous republic", known as the Central African Republic. August 13, 1960 declaration of independence, remained in France joint body president David Dacko. Army Chief of Staff in January 1966 Bokassa coup himself president. December 4, 1976 Bokassa amend the constitution, abolished the republic, the establishment of the empire. December 4, 1977 the official coronation, Bokassa I said. September 20, 1979 night, former President Dhaka coup, Bokassa was overthrown the monarchy abolished, restore the republic. September 1, 1981, the armed forces chief of staff, Andre Kolingba declared military takeover, Kolingba any national revival Chairman of the Military Committee, the head of state and head of government. September 21, 1985 Kolingba announced the dissolution of the Military Council, the establishment of a new government, with himself as president. Referendum held November 21, 1986, Kolingba formally elected President of the Republic. December 8th Division announced the establishment of the first elected government to achieve the transition from a military regime to a democratically elected regime. February 1987 Kolingba established "African Democratic Union" single party; non-legislative elections in mid-July, restored the parliamentary system interruption for 22 years. 〗 〖Affairs 1994 Constitution, separation of powers and a multi-party democracy. President is head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces, elected by direct election, six-year term, renewable once. The President is the chief executive, the development of national general policy; entitled to appoint and dismiss the Prime Minister, appoint and dismiss cabinet members nominated by the Prime Minister and military officials; convene and preside over cabinet meetings; presided Defence Commission and supreme Supreme Judicial Council; right to dissolve parliament; announced 15 days emergency. Temporary incapacity of the President, the Prime Minister shall act. President eventually becomes vacant, a new president in the election 45-90 days, during which the National Assembly shall act. Prime Minister is the head of government, the president is responsible for implementing the general policy formulated. Parliament has the power to provide no-confidence motion against the government and the impeachment of the government. After the no-confidence motion is passed, the government must resign immediately to the President. March 15, 2003 afternoon, the former army chief of staff Bozizé coup to seize power Africa, Central Africa, became president. Forced exile of former President Patassé In 2004, Bozizé canceled the original Constitution, formulated and adopted a new constitution in March .2005, African presidential elections, a total of 11 candidates participated, was elected president Bozizé Africa, and later served as defense minister post. January 18, 2008, when he was Prime Minister Elie Doty salary arrears problems others resign Al Jean-Claude de la Tua after any in four days. Africa in 1860 has never been executed since the death penalty is the only one on the African continent in fact abolished the death penalty in the country. 〗 〖Administrative divisions country is divided into 16 provinces (Prefecture), 1 municipality (the capital Bangui), located below the provincial 69 counties (Sous-Prefecture), a separate 11 administrative checkpoints (Poste De Controle Administratif). 1891 became a French colony. August 13, 1960, the Central African Republic to declare independence. December 1976, Bokassa founded the Central African Empire. September 1979 coup and then changed Republic. Province PrefectureC2003.12.8C1988.12.8 area (km2), the capital CC2003 Baming Ji - Ban Golan Bamingui-Bangoran43, 22928,64358,200 Ndele Ndélé under Kotto Basse-Kotto249, 150194,75017,604 Mobaye Mobaye on the Farm Bomu Haut-Mbomou57, 60227,11355,530 Obo Obo Haute-Kotto Haute-Kotto90, 31658,83886,650 Bria Bria35, 204 Kemo Kémo118, 42082,88417,204 Sibut Sibut lobaye Lobaye246, 875169, 55419,235 Mbaiki Mbaïki Mambere - Card-generation Mambéré-Kadéï364, 795230,36430,203 Berbérati Berbérati76, 918 Mbomou Mbomou164, 009119,25261,150 Bangassou Bangassou31, 553 Carolina Carolina - Grebizi Nana-Gribizi117, 81695,49719,996 Bandoro Kaga-Bandoro Nana - Mambere Nana-Mambéré233, 666191,97026,600 Bouar Bouar40, 353 ombella - M'poko Ombella -M'poko356, 725180,85731,835 Bo Ali Boali Bimbo Bimbo (once the capital) - 124,176 Waka Ouaka276, 710208,33249,900 Bambari Bambari41, 356 Warm Ouham369, 220262,95050,250 Bossangoa Bossangoa36, 478 Ouham - Pendé Ouham-Pendé430, 506287,65332,100 Bozoum Bozoum Mulberry plus - Mbaere Sangha-Mbaéré101, 07465,96119,412 Nola Nola Vakaga Vakaga52, 25532,11846,500 Birao Birao Bangui municipalities Bangui622, 771451,69067 Bangui Bangui622, 771 Central Africa Central African Republic3, 895,1392,688,426622,984 Bangui Bangui 〖〗 Africa to pursue diplomatic opening, non-aligned policy and international cooperation, safeguard national independence and state sovereignty, emphasizing the good-neighborly friendship, importance of South-South cooperation and North-South dialogue endorsed, advocated the establishment of a fair and reasonable new international economic order is. In favor of African integration and advocated the _set_tlement of disputes and conflicts between nations through peaceful negotiations. 〗 〖Politicians Head of State President and Defense Minister: François Bozizé (March 2003 through a coup) Head of Government Prime Minister: Faustin Al Jean-Claude de la Tua (January 2008 inauguration) Relations with China First, bilateral relations between China and Africa Briefing 1962 Africa worked with the Taiwan authorities' establishment of diplomatic relations. " September 29, 1964, after the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Africa, Central Africa and Taiwan "diplomatic relations." After Bokassa came to power in January 1966, the Central African government announced the termination of diplomatic relations with China, and in May 1968 with Taiwan "rapprochement." August 20, 1976, China and Africa signed a joint communique to normalize relations. July 8, 1991, again with Taiwan-Africa "rapprochement", China announced that the suspension of diplomatic relations with Africa. January 29, 1998, the two countries signed a joint communique rapprochement restore diplomatic relations. Second, the bilateral political relations Chinese leaders and officials of the Foreign Ministry previous visit Africa mainly include: a Liu Ning, vice chairman of the NPC Standing Committee (March 1965), Vice Foreign Minister Ji Pengfei (June 1965), State Councilor Zhang Jinfu (1986 December), State Councilor and State Education Commission Tieying (November 1989), Vice Foreign Minister Ji scheduled (June 1998), Foreign Minister Tang Jiaxuan (January 2001), Vice Foreign Minister Yang Wenchang (2003 April 2009), Assistant Foreign Minister Lu Guozeng (June 2005). African leaders and key officials the previous visit are: President, Jean - Bader · Bokassa (November 1976), the Central Military Commission Chairman Andre Kolingba (July 1983), Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Pusey Minister Jean-Louis Meath (May 1987), Foreign Minister Michel Bezerra - Bria (July 1988), President Kolingba (April 1990), the Speaker Michelle Carl multidisciplinary (July 1990), Minister of State for Foreign Affairs Jean Metairie - Asian Pender (September 1998), the President Ange - Felix Patassé (June 1999), President Francois François Bozizé (August 2004). November 2006, the Central African diplomacy, Regional Integration and Francophone Affairs Minister Cosme · Zuma La delegation to attend the China-Africa Cooperation Forum Beijing Summit and the 3rd Ministerial Conference, CPPCC Chairman Jia Qinglin met. January 2007, Foreign Minister Li Zhaoxing visited Central Africa, and Central Africa and more Thai Prime Minister Elie talks, met with President Bozizé. In September, Foreign Minister Yang Jiechi during the 62nd UN General Assembly, met the Central African diplomacy, Regional Integration and Francophone Affairs Cosme · Zuma La. Third, the bilateral economic and trade relations and economic and technical cooperation Before July 1991, China provided substantial assistance to Africa to undertake a number of _set_s of projects have been completed and there Boya Li agricultural station, Bimbo radio transmitting expansion, bamboo and rattan weaving and woodcarving training centers, clinics Presidential Palace expansion, Bangui Friendship Hospital and M'poko agricultural projects. After the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two countries in January 1998, the gradual recovery of economic and trade cooperation has so far completed Bimbo updated radio equipment repair, primary schools and 100 units of affordable housing, Bo Gangda stadium and other projects. China Friendship Hospital aided maintenance projects about to start, radio, sports and other technical cooperation projects progressed smoothly. 2007 bilateral trade amounted to $ 15,480,000, $ 8,870,000 of which I exported and imported $ 6,610,000. My main exports of electromechanical products, imported logs. Four other exchanges June 1980, China and the Central African countries signed a cultural cooperation agreement. June 1998, the Central African Minister of Tourism, Arts, Culture & Bandi Tony Ignatius visit to the two governments during re-signed the "Government and the Central African government cultural agreements." From 1977 onwards, China began to accept students who are studying African studies. After the resumption of diplomatic relations between the two countries, China-Africa restoration to provide scholarships to current China-Africa provide 30 scholarships annually. November 1976, the Chinese government signed with the Central African government for the first time "on China to send medical teams to Africa to work the Protocol." 1978-1990 dispatched medical teams to Africa 7 of 97 passengers. May 1998, the Chinese government and the Central African government signed a protocol multiplexing. There are currently 16 medical teams to work in Central Africa. August 2002, Vice Minister of the International Department of the CPC delegation Marvin & Poor access to Central Africa. March 2004, the Foreign Affairs Office of the Ministry of Defence Major General Zhang Bangdong rate Chinese military delegation to visit China and Africa. November 2005, the Central African army chief of staff, Major General Antoine Gambi's visit. 2007, the Minister of the Central African youth, sports, arts and culture Désiré Zanga · Kolingba, Minister of State for Rural Development Charles Massi, Minister of Finance, mining, energy and water plus court Sylvain ndu Iraq visited China. Five important bilateral agreements and documents (A) The Government of the PRC Joint Communique on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations and the Government of the Central African Republic (September 29, 1964) Government of the People's Republic and the Central African Government under the interests and aspirations of the people of their respective countries, decided to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level. The two governments agreed to comply with mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression, noninterference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence in the development of friendly and cooperative relations between the two countries. (B) a joint communique on the normalization of the relationship between the State and the Central African Republic of China (August 20, 1976) Government of the People's Republic and the Central African government, according to mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-interference in internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence, through friendly negotiations, the decision to normalize relations between the two countries since August 20, 1976 restore diplomatic relations between the two countries and the exchange of diplomatic representatives. (Three) and the Central African Republic of China Joint Communique on the restoration of diplomatic relations (29 January 1998) 1, the government and the Central African Republic of China government reaffirmed their commitment to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter, is willing to develop and strengthen friendly relations and cooperation between the two sides, according to the interests and aspirations of the two peoples, the two decided to resume from January 29, 1998 States diplomatic relations, and the establishment of an embassy in Beijing and Bangui. 2, the Central African Republic government to admit UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, adopted in 1971, the relevance and effectiveness, recognizing that there is only one China, the PRC government representing the whole of China is the sole legal government of Taiwan is the Republic of China a province. 3, the government supports the Central African Republic government to safeguard national independence and sovereignty of the noble cause and the efforts for national reconstruction and economic and social development made. 4, the PRC government and the Central African government agreed to facilitate the work of the other embassies based on the principle of reciprocity. (D) "Joint Communique and the Central African Republic of China" (August 19, 2004) 1, the two sides expressed satisfaction with the current bilateral friendly cooperative relations on the basis of the Five Principles of Peaceful smooth development, decided to maintain political contacts and promote cooperation in various fields, strengthen consultations in international affairs, and promote the friendly and cooperative relations between the two countries continued, stable and healthy development. 2, the two sides expressed support each other in safeguarding national sovereignty and territorial integrity, promoting stability and development efforts made. Africa supports China to realize national reunification, and reiterated that there is only one China, the PRC government representing the whole of China is the sole legitimate government of Taiwan is an inalienable part of Chinese territory. China appreciates and supports the Central African government to maintain domestic social and political stability, economic development, positive efforts made to recover, also called on the international community to give greater support. 3, the two sides made positive comments on the results of bilateral economic and trade cooperation and is willing to further strengthen cooperation in agriculture, infrastructure and human resources development, and encourage the expansion of two-way trade and investment, promote enterprises of both sides to carry out mutually beneficial cooperation. The Chinese side reaffirmed its willingness to continue within their means, to support and help the party's efforts to promote Sino-African economic and social development of the country made. 4, the two sides believe that peace and development remain the themes of our times. The international community should strengthen consultation and maintain the diversity of the world, promoting the world's civilizations and different development models to interact and learn from. Both sides appealed to the developed countries should assume the obligations and responsibilities to fulfill to provide economic and technical assistance and debt relief to developing countries, such as commitments to further open markets, remove trade barriers. The two sides jointly advocated self-reliance in developing countries to strengthen South-South cooperation, and actively promote North-South dialogue, promote the establishment of a peaceful, stable, just and rational international political and economic order. 5 Both sides believe that maintaining stability, poverty eradication is an urgent task facing African countries. China supports the African Union and African sub-regional organizations to achieve peace and stability on the African continent, to promote the integration process to play a greater role in supporting African countries through the implementation of the "New Partnership for Africa's Development" seek revitalization and development in Africa. 6, the two sides spoke highly of the friendly cooperation between China and Africa, FOCAC is considered China and Africa to strengthen collective consultation and develop an effective mechanism for pragmatic cooperation. Willing to strengthen cooperation between the two countries within the framework of the forum mechanism.
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② Central Africa
(Central African states) 〖1 Central Africa (region).〗 Central African countries say: Africa and Central Asia. Usually include the Central African Republic, Chad, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Congo, Zaire, Sao Tome and Principe-8. Area of 5,365,000 square kilometers. Population of 61.3 million (1991), mostly Sudanese and Bantu languages blacks. Undulating terrain, from north to south for the Tibesti highlands, Chad Basin, Azande Plateau, the Congo Basin, under the Guinea highlands and Lunda - Katanga plateau, belonging to the Sahara, Sudan grasslands, tropical rainforest belt. Diamond, copper, manganese, cobalt, gold, uranium, tin, radium, niobium, tantalum, iron and other minerals in the world, occupies an important position. Rich tropical forests, the production of palm oil, palm kernel, rubber and cocoa. Agriculture dominates the economy, followed by mining, mostly in low-income countries. One said: central Africa on Central Africa believe that habit, referring to the west of the African continent from the Sahara and the majority of the protruding portion encircled area in depth, excluding the western Great Rift Valley. The area is completely dependent on the amount of water the Congo River and its tributaries, second only to the Amazon River basin area. Customary typically includes the following seven countries: Central African Republic Cameroon Equatorial Guinea Gabon Republic of the Congo (the "Congo (Brazzaville).") Democratic Republic of Congo ("the Congo (DRC).") Sao Tome and Principe Sometimes think Chad, Zambia and Zimbabwe also belong to the three African countries. One says: Central Africa is a core region of the African continent often considered to include Burundi, the Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Rwanda (the core of the five countries). 〖2. Middle Africa〗 (As used by the United Nations when categorising geographic subregions) is an analogous term that describes the portion of Africa south of the Sahara Desert, east of Western Africa, but west of the Great Rift Valley. The region is dominated by the Congo River and its tributaries, which collectively drain a greater area than any river system except the Amazon. According to the UN, the nine countries of Middle Africa are Angola, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, and São Tomé and Príncipe. All of the states in the UN subregion of Middle Africa, plus those otherwise commonly reckoned in central Africa (11 states in total), comprise the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS ). The Central African Federation (1953-1963), also called the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, was made up of what are now the nations of Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Similarly, the Anglican Church of the Province of Central Africa covers dioceses in Botswana, Malawi, Zambia and Zimbabwe. These states are now typically regarded as parts of Southern Africa or Eastern Africa.
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③ China - Africa
Sino-Africa Morphology such as: China-Africa Cooperation Forum
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④当代中国作家
〖1. About the author〗
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Encyclopedia
Zhongfei Africa Central Africa Landlocked country in Central Africa, neighbors Chad, Cameroon, Congo, Zaire and Sudan. Habitat geometric center of the continent, more than 1400 km west of the Atlantic Ocean, 3,000 km east of the Red Sea. Area of 622,984 square kilometers. Population of 2,508,000 (1984). Country is divided into 14 provinces, the capital, Bangui. In addition to the natural conditions of the northern territory of about 400 meters high Chari River Plain, the plateau lie stuff, with an average elevation of 600 to 900 meters, constitute the Congo River (Zaire) and the two major river systems in the watershed of Lake Chad. Plateau basement rocks from the old system composed of a strong river cutting, surface broken. Sultanahmet is the western extension of the eastern plateau Zander, an area of more than 40% of Land, lying north to south, the north-eastern border of 1,388 meters 恩加亚 peak height, is the highest point. Mahwah is 喀麦隆阿达 western highlands east extension, lying west to east, North-West Frontier Caray is mountainous watershed Logone and Ubangi River. Central is 500 kilometers from east to west Highlands, with an average elevation of 550 to 600 meters, the river cut through the surface, the formation of many Pass, north-south traffic arteries. Located between latitude 2 ° ~ 11 °, in most areas of savannah climate with distinct high temperature, dry and wet season; southern gradual transition to a tropical rainforest climate, hot and humid all year round. In addition to the higher elevations, generally above the annual average temperature is 26 ℃, annual temperature range is small (about 2 ~ 3 ℃), diurnal larger (10 ~ 15 ℃). Precipitation by latitude and topography, the annual rainfall from north to south mm increments from 800 to more than 1700 mm, the eastern and western highlands of about 1500 mm. May to October is the rainy season, November to April is the dry season. Territory of many rivers, mainly of the Ubangi River Chari River and two major river systems. Ubangi River is the largest tributary of the Congo River, the Department of Central Africa, Zaire border river between the two countries, the rich water resources, and shipping and irrigation. Chari River in the northern plains, dense river network, to facilitate irrigation. A brief history of one of the residents, and the population density of the smallest countries in Africa, an average of four people per square kilometer. Regional distribution differences are significant, the western average of nearly 10 people per square kilometer, northwest highlands near Bangui and the most secret places up to 20 people; Central followed; eastern sparsely populated, less than one person per square kilometer. Rapid urban population growth, from 22.7 percent of the total population in 1960, an increase of 37% in 1982. The size of the national total of more than 50 tribes, ethnic maximum number of Banda central and eastern of the total population of 1/3, mostly engaged in agriculture; followed by a Puerto clan, Sango family, Sarah tribe, family, etc. Mangia. Many residents believe the original religious minority Catholic, Christianity and Islam. The official language is French. 9th - 16th century, the territory has worked to establish Bangassou, December Fey and Sai Miao three tribal kingdom, develop self-sufficient economy. 1885 invasion of France began in 1891 reduced its colonies. 1910 was designated as the "French Equatorial Africa" territory. After once being "transferred" to Germany, after World War I return to France. 1957 a "semi-autonomous republic", in 1958 as "autonomous republic", "French Community" within the said Central African Republic, in August 1960 declaration of independence. December 1976 to establish the monarchy, renamed the Central African Empire. September 1979 abolished the monarchy restored republic, still called the Central African Republic. Low level of economic geography of economic development in 1982, the gross domestic product of about $ 700 million, per capita $ 285. Agriculture dominates the economy, 80 percent of the population living on agriculture, agricultural output in 1982 accounted for 31.3% of GDP. 1.87 million hectares of arable land, accounting for only 3% of the total land area, the annual planting area of only about 1 million hectares, concentrated in the west. Coffee is the most important economic crops, concentrated in a narrow strip along the Ubangi River, 1982-1983 annual production 18,000 tons, almost all for export. Cotton is the second crops, mainly in the northwest and central highlands and the Chari River Plain, in addition to products for domestic consumption, a large number of export; production has declined in the 1970s after the 1982-1983 annual production of seed cotton 2.8 tons, and only 78 percent in the early 1970s. Other crops are peanuts, sesame seeds, sugar cane, oil palm and so on. The main crops are cassava, maize, sorghum, rice and so on. After independence, the national emphasis on food production, acreage and production is growing, food self-sufficient in normal years. As the t_set_se fly serious harm and limited pasture area and other reasons, animal husbandry developed, milk, meat and other animal products in short supply, to be imported from neighboring countries. Forest area of 3.4 million hectares, accounting for 6% of the land area, mainly in the southwest; timber is one of the main export commodities, 1982 harvest 42.9
Congo