Ukraine /juːˈkreɪn/ (help·info) (Ukrainian: Україна, transliterated: Ukrayina, [ukrɑˈjinɑ]) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east; Belarus to the north; Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; Romania and Moldova to the southwest; and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south. The city of Kiev (Kyiv) is both the capital and the largest city of Ukraine.
Ukraine's modern history began with the East Slavs. From at least the 9th century, Ukraine was a center of the medieval living area of the East Slavs. This state, known as Kievan Rus' became the largest and most powerful nation in Europe, but disintegrated in the 12th century. After the Great Northern War, Ukraine was divided among a number of regional powers, and by the 19th century, the largest part of Ukraine was integrated into the Russian Empire, with the rest under Austro-Hungarian control. After a chaotic period of incessant warfare and several attempts at independence (1917–21) following World War I and the Russian Civil War, Ukraine emerged in 1922 as one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union. The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic's territory was enlarged westward shortly before and after World War II, and southwards in 1954 with the Crimea transfer. In 1945, the Ukrainian SSR became one of the co-founding members of the United Nations. Ukraine became independent again after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991. This began a period of transition to a market economy, in which Ukraine was stricken with an eight year recession. But since then, the economy experienced a high increase in GDP growth. Ukraine was caught up in the worldwide economic crisis in 2008 and the economy plunged. GDP fell 20% from spring 2008 to spring 2009, then leveled off as analysts compared the magnitude of the downturn to the worst years of economic depression during the early 1990s.
Ukraine is a unitary state composed of 24 oblasts (provinces), one autonomous republic (Crimea), and two cities with special status: Kiev, its capital, and Sevastopol, which houses the Russian Black Sea Fleet under a leasing agreement. Ukraine is a republic under a semi-presidential system with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Since the collapse of the USSR, Ukraine continues to maintain the second largest military in Europe, after that of Russia. The country is home to 46 million people, 77.8 percent of whom are ethnic Ukrainians, with sizable minorities of Russians, Belarusians and Romanians. The Ukrainian language is the only official language in Ukraine, while Russian is also widely spoken. The dominant religion in the country is Eastern Orthodox Christianity, which has heavily influenced Ukrainian architecture, literature and music.
Eastern European countries. Black and Azov south. An area of 603,700 square kilometers. Population 51.3 million (1995). Kiev. Most of the plains. A temperate continental climate. Developed economy. Industry to heavy industry, coal, iron and steel production in the world. Wheat, maize, sugar beet as the main agricultural products.
Translated by Google
No. 3
Ukraine than in the developed industry and agriculture. Major industrial sectors of metallurgy, machinery manufacturing, petroleum processing, shipbuilding, aerospace, aviation and so on. Ukraine's fertile soil and agricultural products to grain, sugar beets, sunflowers, grapes, long fiber linen based. In the former Soviet Union the "granary," said. Donets - Jing economic zone along the Dnieper River, southwest of economic zones and economic zones south of the three economic zones and other industrial and agricultural, transport and tourism are relatively well developed. Coal, metallurgy, machinery, chemical industry is the four pillars of its economy. Rich in natural resources, both with forests, grasslands, there are many rivers which flow through the forest coverage rate of 14%, accounting for the collar area 14 /% across the three vegetation zones: forest swamp, forest steppe zone and steppe band. Ukraine, with the National Park nature reserve and a natural 23 (an area of 771,900 ha), of which 14 nature reserves, protected areas on Earth layer 3, the natural with the National Park 6. Crimean peninsula in the Black Sea coast about 10 km south of the strip competition, has a unique natural landscape, deciduous forest and long grass are green bushes coexist. Because of its beautiful environment, mild climate, making it one of the world famous tourist resort. Ukraine's rich mineral resources, there are 72 kinds of mineral resources, which are: coal, oil, natural gas, iron, manganese, nickel, titanium, mercury, graphite, twist of soil, stone and so on. Donets Basin is one of the former Soviet Union's largest coal field. Proven reserves of 420 million tons. Keli Wo Rogge's iron ore reserves of 260 million tons, as the former Soviet Union the first two. Animals, 350 kinds of birds, 200 kinds of fish, as many as 100 kinds of mammals. Ukraine's rich tourism resources, natural landscape class quality, very strong exotic. Famous tourist cities: Kiev, Yalta, Odessa, Lvov, the first Niebo Peter Khabarovsk, as well as the Crimean Peninsula, outside the Carpathian Mountains and other world famous tourist destination. Lower cost of travel to visit Ukraine, went to neighboring countries, tourism, Asian countries such as the Mediterranean coast is also very convenient. Country: Ukraine (ukraine, УКРАИНА) Capital: Kiev (kyiv). 23 November 1995 the Committee decided to Ukrainian law terms, the Latin spelling of the capital by the "kiev" rewrite "kyiv". Population: 260 million (December 31, 1999). Language: The official language is Ukrainian, Russian passage. Religion: residents are Orthodox, Catholic residents in the western part of the region. Race: Population 49,290,000 (2000). Ukraine is a multi-ethnic country, the main ethnic Ukrainian nation (73.6%), Russians (21%), there are other Jewish, Belarusian, Moldovan family, Polish and Bulgarian and so on. Geographical environment: eastern Europe, an area of 60.37 square kilometers (an area of the former Soviet Union accounted for 2.7%), 1,300 km from east to west, north to south and 900 kilometers, is located in the western end of the vast plains of eastern Europe, western and southwestern Poland , Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, bordering the north by Belarus, Russia, east and northeast and southwest border with Moldova, on the south Black Sea and Azov Sea coastline of 654 miles. Most areas of the Eastern plains of Ukraine. Western Carpathian Mountains Gewei Rama 2061 meters above sea level, the highest peak; southern Crimean Mountains Roman - Kirsch Hill. Highlands in the northeast part of Russia, southeast of the Sea of Azov coastal hills and the Donets Ridge. 100 km above the river within 116, the longest river is the Dnieper, in the territory of Ukraine 1,204 km long. Others have Nanbu Ge River, Dniester River, north Donets River, Prut River, the Danube (river mouth part) and so on. Territory of more than 3,000 natural lakes, there are Royal Pugh Lake, Sasai Ke Wu, Ka Guer Lake and other Iraqi Lake Allie. Time difference: 6 hours later than China. 1 hour later than Moscow. Store Hours: Large department stores: Monday to Friday 9:00-22:00, weekends and holidays 11:00 ~ 21:00. Foreign stores: Usually after the shop at 10:30, but closed shop time later. Russian General Store: 10:00 ~ 19:00 Phone Area Code: International Code 0038044 (0038 code for the Ukraine, Kiev City for the No. 044) Voltage: Ukraine cylindrical legs with European power plug, voltage of 220 volts, frequency 50 Hz. Currency: The local currency is hryvnias, also issued coins for the kopecks. Russian with t (hryvnias), k (Gobbi) said. [Entry Requirements] Exit: - Entry has been allowed to carry foreign exchange abroad for customs declaration; - Residents and non-resident natural persons irrespective of age, each carrying amount of foreign exchange out of the country in 1000 dollars (1,000 U.S. dollars or equivalent in other types of foreign exchange) are, without customs declaration; - Residents and non-residents to carry foreign exchange abroad, the amount of less than $ 10,000 than 1000 U.S. dollars (10,000 U.S. dollars or equivalent in other types of foreign currency) are required to provide Ukraine Customs to carry proof of authorization issued by the bank; - If the amount of carry over authorized foreign exchange banks exit the required standards, provided to Customs issued by the Exchange National Bank of Ukraine to carry license; - Ukrainian National Bank and its branches of foreign exchange issued a permit to carry maximum amount of 25,000 dollars (25,000 U.S. dollars or equivalent in other types of foreign exchange); - Taken abroad from Ukraine National Bank, branch or authorized foreign exchange banks to withdraw, the Customs shall Bank Entry: - Amount of foreign exchange brought into the territory than 1000 U.S. dollars (the equivalent of $ 1,000 or more than other types of foreign currency) are required for customs declaration, customs declaration shall be signed and sealed by customs officers. The customs entry declaration form is the applicant's certificate to carry foreign exchange abroad, valid for 1 year; - Foreign currency brought into the amount of more than 10,000 U.S. dollars in cash (or the equivalent of $ 10,000 for other types of foreign currency) are required to fill out applications for foreign exchange in cash are the customs, and indicate the use of foreign exchange brought into. - More than 50,000 U.S. dollars (or the equivalent of $ 50,000 for other types of foreign exchange) in foreign exchange, may not carry cash Ruwukelan way inside, you can choose another way of carrying foreign currency payment instruments. Carry more than 50,000 U.S. dollars into foreign currency cash were required to Customs special permission from the National Bank of Ukraine.
Krym