Russia's capital and largest city. Population of 871 7 million (1994). Industrial output ranks first, with mechanical, instrument manufacturing the most advanced. The country's largest railway and highway hub. There are three river ports and four international airports. Subway world famous. Center of a Red Square, Kremlin, etc.. More than 70 of Moscow University and other institutions of higher education and many research institutions.
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mò sī kē
The Russian capital. Russia's largest city, political, economic, cultural and transportation center, population 8.4 million
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No. 3
Moscow, Russian festival in the January 7 Christmas, the church will hold a grand prayer. January 14 Orthodox New Year, also known as Basil Festival. Vasily God is considered to be "Pig God", also known as the Pig Festival. Easter, the first month after the Spring Festival the first Sunday, a strong religious atmosphere of the festival. Victory Day, May 9, the anniversary of the Great Patriotic War is also a great day victory over Nazi Germany. Independence Day, 12 June, the National Day. October Revolution Day, November 7 in Moscow shopping DOLLS, painted wooden bowls, wooden spoon, vodka, the military form and so on. Developed transportation traffic in Moscow Moscow is the national railway, road, river and air hub, electric railway and highway leading to all directions. Moscow (moscow) is the world's largest city, is one of Russia's political, economic, scientific, cultural and transportation center. Moscow in the Russian plain, the Moscow River, across the Moscow River and its tributaries Ya Wuzha River. Urban area 30 kilometers east to west, north to south and 40 km, is a city 109 kilometers long highway around the city surrounded. The city of Moscow in 1147, so far, eight hundred years of history. Moscow is a historical city, the layout of the Kremlin and Red Square thorough, as the center, extending to the surrounding radiation. The Kremlin is the Russian Tsar's palace history, imposing, the world-famous, the Supreme Soviet of the former Soviet Union and the former Soviet Union Congress of the Communist Party Congress held in the Kremlin. Kremlin castle with fine churches, palaces, clock tower, tower, building grand and famous. Church Square in the Kremlin, there is the spectacular towering Assumption Cathedral, a dignified end loading of the Annunciation Church, Peter the Great to accommodate emperors tomb in Moscow before the angels cathedral. Kremlin ceremonies center east of the country ─ ─ Red Square, red inside a Lenin, the southern end of a Pokrovsky Cathedral (1554-1560). Garden Road, Central, government agencies and within the main business district, most of the state organs and major hotels, shops, theaters, museums, art galleries, libraries, and the former Comecon headquarters are built here. Garden Road, Central, and many factories around the city between the railway, the railway station and freight yard. Other attractions are Novo De Weiqi female Benedictine church tower, the former Soviet Academy of Sciences, the Bureau of the resident, Lenin central stadium, Ukraine hotels and Moscow State University. Outside the ring rail 60,70 of the 20th century factories and residential areas developed. Sculpture is a unique style of decoration in Moscow city, the city stands the many sculptures in bronze or marble statues and monuments. The city has 11 natural forest area, nearly a park, covering about 2,000 hectares, the garden in the urban areas have more than 800. Our Lady of the new monastery near Moscow, Castro Itza Orthodox abbey, Simonov monastery and so on. Village outskirts of silver pine, Xi Muji, Cui Lin Maosheng 奥斯坦基诺 other places, quiet and pleasant.
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City Overview
Country: Russia Region: Central Federal District Location: north latitude 55 degrees 45 minutes N 37 degrees 36 minutes :130-253 meters above sea level emblem of Moscow Area: 1,081 square kilometers Population: 12,002,629 (2007) Mayor: You Lilu at Cove The city of time: 1147 Time zone: UTC +3 (Summer: UTC +4) City Emblem: The Magic Yong 士格奥尔基 spear kill snakes. City flag: red flag, which is between the city emblem. Official Website: http://www.mos.ru Moscow is the capital of the Russian Federation is the Russian political, economic, scientific, cultural and transportation center. The Moscow population reached 14,612,602 (Urban population: 10,472,629), is the most populous city in Europe, occupying the entire Russian population, 1 / 7. Moscow area of 1,081 square kilometers, 30 kilometers east to west city, 40 kilometers north to south. The city of Moscow in 1147, so far, more than 800 years of history.
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Location
Moscow Region is located between the Oka River and the Volga River, the southern border with the Tula, Kaluga southwest and adjacent to the west and the adjacent state of Smolensk, Tver State of northwest and west adjacent to the northeast and Elegance罗斯拉夫尔 states bordering the northern and northeastern states and adjacent to Vladimir, and Ryazan southeast of the state border. Moscow is located in the central European part of Russia, across the Moscow River and its tributaries Ya Wuzha River. Has a population of more than 800 million, is the world's large cities in the world and Europe's largest city. Moscow is a city 109 km perimeter around the city surrounded by highways, 40 km north to south and urban areas, 30 km from east to west, an area of 1,000 square kilometers. Moscow and the Volga River basin upstream of the mouth entrance and connected, through Nove song Road, west extension, leading to downward along the Moscow River Oka River flows along the Oka Ryazan, like in the wood along the gold surface temperature convergence, Clarke Qi mother river, the flow of Rostov, Suzdal, Yaroslavl River.
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Administrative Division
After 1991, the Moscow City is divided into 10 administrative regions, namely, Central District (Центральный) North (Северный) Northeast (Северо-Восточный) Eastern (Восточный) Southeast Region (Юго-Восточный) Southern (Южный) Southwest (Юго-Западный) Western (Западный) Northwest (Северо-Западный) Greentown Area (Зеленоградский)
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Population profile
Moscow has a population of about 11 million, the urban areas surrounded by a city highway, we call the "big loop", the perimeter of the highway 109 km, much longer loop 5 in Beijing. Moscow urban area of about 1,000 square kilometers.
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Climate
Moscow in the Russian plain, the Moscow River, across the Moscow River and its tributaries Ya Wuzha River. Great Moscow (including the ring road and within the region) an area of 900 square kilometers, including the outer green belt for a total of 1725 square km. Flat, only the southwestern 捷普洛斯坦斯 Kaya Heights (the highest point of 253 meters.) Continental climate, annual precipitation 582 mm, snow volume, average snow cover of up to 146 days (early November -4 months), long winter weather in the dark. January average temperature of -10.2 ℃ (minimum -42 ℃), 7 monthly mean temperature of 18.1 ℃ (highest 37 ℃). The total area of the city's green area about 1 / 3, is the world's greenest cities. Overlooking from the plane in Moscow, the eye is light green in the trees under the blue sky and clear transparent steep rivers and lakes, the city clean and tidy. Winter is cold, the minimum temperature of minus 43 degrees Celsius was. Summer temperatures. May and September are the best tourist season. Entered the year from the end of September until the second year of the cold period in mid-May. From 11 in mid-March to April as the snow time, the end of winter when the snow depth of 35cm.
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History
Moscow is a long history and have a glorious tradition of the city, was built in the mid 12th century. In ancient times, "the third Rome," said. Mid-15th century, Moscow has become the capital of a unified Russian state, until the early 18th century. Peter the Great moved the capital to St. Petersburg in 1712, but Moscow is still the largest Russian economic, political and cultural center, the second capital of Russia is still playing a role. 1755 established the first university in Russia ─ ─ Moscow State University (now the Moscow State Lomonosov University). 1812 Napoleon led the French troops occupied Moscow, the city burned in the fire, but soon build up again. 1813 Moscow City Construction Committee was established to begin large-scale urban reconstruction. The railroad in 1851. During the October Revolution of 1917, Moscow, Petrograd immediately after the armed uprising also took place, the establishment of the Soviet regime. Soviet government and Communist Party Central Committee in March 1918 from the Petrograd (later renamed St. Petersburg) moved to Moscow in December 1922 the Soviet Union in Moscow became the capital of the world's first socialist state that is the capital of Soviet Socialist Republics . In 1960, the government included a number of towns near the city limits to form a large Moscow area. In 1987, the Moscow municipal authorities in September each year the first weekend as a city celebration day celebration held in various cities. December 21, 1991 the Soviet Union, Moscow became the capital of the Russian Federation. Historical Background】 【 The city of Moscow in 1147, so far, eight hundred years of history. Moscow is Greek for "castle" in Italy, Slavic languages as "mason's Walled City." Moscow is located in the central European part of Russia, across the Moscow River and its tributaries Ya Wuzha River. Has a population of 9,000,000. In Europe, Moscow, regarded as a relatively old city. The city of Moscow in 1147, so far, eight hundred years of history. Eight hundred years, Russia has several times larger historical changes. Related poems: Moscow Yin Study: Lenin October Revolution Another example is the sky pillar of fire in general, After the last residue burning. Shining future in front of a new way. Hey! October Revolution I contribute to my heart you. Human because of your birth and rebirth. 】 【Development 1156 to build a castle. The beginning of the thirteenth century as capital of Muscovy. Fifteenth century to 1712 the Russian imperial capital and the largest industrial and commercial center. After the nineteenth century, rapid industrial development in the sixties. March 1918 from the Russian capital. Moscow to start building from the beginning to first consider the robustness, reliability, first from the south and east of Moscow, the alliance always threatens nomadic tribes which, while in western Lithuania and Poland are also eyeing the army. So Vladimir, Tver, Novgorod Allied security while building a solid base. After the victory in the Battle Kulinerfu (1390 and 1480 years later, "Ivan can pull three realms Bird" record) as the old one was not Hezhou meters to Moscow, from Moscow principality rapidly expand. Moscow, the ancient fifteenth century the number of population, land area more than the London, Prague and Europe, some large cities. Farming system was abolished in 1861 after the flourish of capitalism in Russia, Moscow has grown, it has become a huge industry and trade center. Nineteenth century 米古莫斯科 various industry and trade has reached more than 20,000 enterprises, of which more than 10,000 industrial enterprises, the number of workers reached 12 million, less than 16 accounted for the vast majority of small and medium enterprises, but Only 2% of the enterprises more than 50 people. Industrial enterprises in Moscow, the majority of the textile industry, most of the construction industry, timber processing, food processing industry, paper industry, leather industry, automobile manufacturing, tool manufacturer and so on. A Hundred Years in Moscow in the early stage of industrial development has reached a relatively high social production. 6% in Moscow in 1910 focused on large enterprises in about 49% of the workers. During that time, more than 500 workers or more are considered large enterprises. In the industrial stage of development, substantial involvement of foreign capital industry, Mo all chemical companies and electronics companies have gained in the hands of a foreign consortium. (Such as the German industrial giant) 1917 after the victory of the October Revolution in Moscow to develop the automobile industry (manufacturing to watch from the lathe manufacturer), from processing to cars bearing the production, textile processing, which greatly promoted the development of the metalworking industry. Moscow called "printing" big companies have pulled out of the automotive industry and electronics industry, production lines, radio technology, represents the production and other fields. Protection of basic necessities for the country self-sufficient in the production of far-reaching significance. Moscow to become Russia's industrial production and a strong technical base. During the war years the structure of urban-industrial transition to the automotive industry and metal processing industry. 】 【Important historical events Battle of Moscow: Refers to the time of World War II Battle of the Soviet-German war, in October 1941 to January 1942, the Soviet army to defend its capital, Moscow and the German counter-offensive after the battle. Battle of Moscow, including the defense of Moscow and the Soviet Red Army crushed the German attack on Moscow, "central" Army Group of the Group implemented a series of surprise defense campaign (September 30, 1941 -12 5 February) and offensive campaign (1941 Dec. 5 -1942 on April 20). Victory in the Battle of Moscow to break the German myth of invincibility, it was unable to make up for the material losses. German morale of the German failure to make more low, the war situation in the winter, 35 senior generals, including Marshal Blau surprising, Burke Marshal, Guderian will, Strauss, etc. will be removed from office. The fundamental situation is reversed for the war laid the foundation to become the 20th century "the myth of the winter."
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Cultural characteristics
Moscow, for her beautiful people in the natural environment provides a good environment to rest. In summer, people often idle in the park or roadside rest, or barbecue and swimming in the suburbs. When the holidays come, they go to their house all the food and rest, will enjoy a great nation. Moscow high national characteristics of the souvenirs - DOLLS (матрёшка). It is almost a symbol of traditional crafts in Moscow. Russian samovar is an essential daily part of life, it is warm and unique symbol and pillar of the family. Moscow has a unique eating habits. Three meals a day, breakfast is simple, bread, ham, tea, coffee or milk. Lunch is rich in many, usually have three courses. Before the first course was cold. The first course was soup, Russian soups compare nutrition, there are small potatoes, various vegetables, meat or fish. Second course meat or fish, add some side dishes. The third course was dessert and tea, coffee and the like. Moscow, according to the habit of the order of vegetables can not be reversed. Good people drink vodka in Moscow. Bread and salt is what they used to entertain guests. In ice and snow, pedal boots, legs wearing stockings alone, dressed in short skirts, or blue fox coat a section of the Silver Fox coat, a winter scene in Moscow. Moscow, however hard the wind should bring a hat. Moscow is about appearance, neat and clean clothing. To travel always with iron. The party, watch the show, Moscow used to wear evening dress, especially to see the ballet, is especially noble. Moscow, people like to spend. Friend or a stranger to the holidays to be flowers, the family also planted some. They are also particularly fond of small animals, like cats and dogs. Moscow, the way people use to greet guests of bread with salt, because salt is very valuable in Gumosike, when used only in honor of the guests. The bread was at the time the wealthy and status. Generally covered with delicate embroidery bread on the square of the tray. Dedicated to the distinguished guests from the owner. Shown on the bread to the guests first kiss, and then breaking off a small piece, sprinkle some salt, taste, thanks. Moscow, people like to drink tea with sugar, honey or jam. The tea culture has a long history of Moscow. In the eighteenth century, Moscow began production of tea in some cities, including Tula samovar is recognized as the real capital. Samovar tea-drinking culture is the traditional symbol of Moscow. In today's Moscow, has become a warm family samovar unique logo. Moscow, people like to drink, but do not pay attention to cuisine, there is wine on the line. Ladies usually drink champagne and wine, while the men prefer vodka. Vodka is a shochu brewed with grain. Although the high degree of good vodka, but the drink is not easy to top. Moscow who love literature, love of reading. In the car, the subway, you can see reading the newspaper, reading people. Moscow has a lot of people rich collection of books at home, and some even have their own home libraries. In Moscow, a very colorful form of entertainment. Can be the oldest in Russia, the Bolshoi Theatre, Grand Theatre, Petrov, see a wonderful performance, or in Russia, the top of the Bolshoi Theatre (Большой театр) watching ballet class (address: 1 Театральная площадь, Москва). Watch the circus circus and acrobatics (address: 7 Вернадский проспект), is also a good choice. For inquiries, staged plays, you can see published in the "Moscow Times" and "Moscow Forum" entertainment section, or in Western-style restaurants, bars and foreign supermarket regular basis in the free English-language newspaper _insert_ to find relevant information. Moscow International Film Festival
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City politics
Mayor --- You Lilu incumbent Mayor of Moscow in 1993, Luzhkov (Юрий Лужков) Duma Moscow City Duma elections held every 4 years, a total of 35 seats Moscow City Duma elections last time was December 4, 2005, through the ballot outcome is Russia's largest party - "United Russia" occupies one of the 28 seats, while the Communist Party of the Russian Federation occupies one of the four seats КПРФ , as well as Apple's own flag as the Democratic Unionist Party Объединённых демократов get the remaining 3 seats Moscow has a separate division of land, population, national rights institutions and urban local authorities, the city emblem, flag, city song. Moscow shield emblem is composed of dark red, width and height ratio is 8:9, the Cavaliers for the right side, dressed in silver armor, dressed in light blue cloak, the golden sharp spear in his hand stabbing a black snake-like monster. It was in 1781 in the "George Cross" in the legend on the basis of Yimo established. Moscow's city flag is dark red, the length and width ratio is 3:2, Moscow's city emblem in the center of the banner. Moscow city song by musician Iraq. Austria. Tu 纳耶夫斯基 In "My Moscow" based on the write into.
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Layout
By 1971, "Moscow Development Master Plan." Urban layout rigorous, and was circular and radial, respectively, from the inside out, the streets ring, Garden Road Central, Great Moscow and the Moscow ring road around the city railway. The role of each loop region and the different architectural styles, reflecting different stages of development in Moscow. Kremlin castle in the city center, early as the first Russian state, the Soviet Union became a national symbol. The city is divided into eight districts, Gorky Street is the city's main roads, and most bustling street. Lenin Street, 50 meters wide, Kalinin Street is the most modern city streets. Garden City area, middle of the street gardens, cultural rest parks, green garden with everywhere. Moscow City, rational layout, to Red Square as the center, and dozens of street started radiation in all directions, several around the city street surrounded by another layer to the city center. Green area of Moscow, 40% of the total area of the city, including 11 natural forest areas, 89 parks, more than 400 small parks and more than 100 garden in the city. The city and the red walls of the Kremlin as the center, was the ring, radial distribution, nearly 4,000 streets, the city has many ancient buildings. Moscow is a huge and can be called a garden city, large and small city has more than 500 parks and nature reserves. Moscow, a good ecological protection, strict law enforcement in environmental protection. Across Russia in 1997 on the conduct of ecological damage to more than 300 criminal cases, of which 150 are in Moscow on file. Ecological protection of the general city budget, accounting for three per cent fee, Moss Kodak five per cent. Already implemented lead in gasoline, auto exhaust pollution emissions accounted for eight per cent of the total vapor XVIII cities to enhance the vehicle emissions testing, against pollution, excessive cars on the road to restrict imports of used cars and old car registration. Due to historical reasons, the central area of 640,000 is only 9 square meters green land per capita, the city government decided to municipal and district governments in each of the 200 million rubles in funding, the 6000 transformation of a small conservation park, the construction of any building where prohibited. In 1998, Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov in the city issued a resolution shed eight nature reserves, including the industrial areas near the eastern city of 1,200 hectares 伊兹迈洛沃 Senlin Song Park, President Yeltsin and other leaders of the residential location of Clay Lacikeye Moscow University, where hills and sparrow Hill (former Lenin Hill). That this new nature reserve with the original four protected areas, the city's total area of 7,200 ha nature reserve, along with the city's gardens and parks dotted the middle of the street, making a total green area Dada 20,004 thousand hectares, accounting for about 40% of the city area, the per capita green space than 30 square meters, the world's greenest cities. So Luzhkov won the United Nations awarded the "World's Best Eco Teacher" award.
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Economy
】 【Resources There are lignite deposits, peat, apatite. 】 【Industry All-Russian Moscow is the largest comprehensive industrial city, the industrial sector is complete, which is very well-developed heavy industry and chemical industry, machinery and instrument manufacturing industry accounts for more than half of total industrial output value. The city is also the largest military industrial center, aviation, aerospace, electronics and other industries are concentrated here. Food industry and tobacco industry developed rapidly. Industrial output ranks first in the country. Machinery manufacturing (machine tools, automobiles, electrical machinery, instruments, clocks, etc.) the city's total industrial output value and more than half the number of workers, light industry (clothing, footwear), textiles, chemicals, food processing and printing industry also developed. Moscow is a population of more than 1,000 people in the large city, Russia and Eurasia was an important transportation hub. Meanwhile, Moscow is still a major industrial manufacturing center, industrial output ranks first complete industry categories, has a total of more than 20,000 plants, including a large number of power machinery fabrication shop, and specializes in manufacturing machine tools, ships, and precision instruments manufacturers; the same time the city has also developed a variety of non-ferrous metal smelting industry, which developed aluminum in particular; in addition to heavy industry, the well-developed chemical industry, light industry and paper industry is an important part of Moscow industries. Before the October Revolution in Moscow, famous for the textile industry, known as "urban fabric." Moscow, the capital of the government building and development of the first free economy and live off free trade zone. Ze Jie Liu 诺格勒什列米 first choice Kosovo and Vojvodina Nuke machine area, and the western river port. Economic development in the Russian banking and trading networks played an important role in the financial markets, and now there are 1,000 commercial banks in the capital, of which 40% is in Russia, Moscow, financial and trading network carried 90% of investment and business activities conducted in the Russian territory. Moscow customs import and export business has been great support; 248 customs ports to provide immigration services. 1755 Moscow University, founded 75 colleges and universities, Russian Academy of Sciences and many scientific research, design institutions, museums (65) and so on. Seoul satellite are not the important policy Liu, Mei Ti Shi, Noginsk, 扎哥尔斯克, 多波尔斯克 and so on. Business Before the October Revolution, Moscow is famous for the textile industry, known as "urban fabric." After the Soviet Union has become Russia's largest industrial center, industrial output ranks first complete industry categories, with more than twenty thousand factories. The machinery manufacturing and metal processing industry as the most important industrial projects of other automobile manufacturing, chemicals, textiles, electronics, aviation, food processing, wood processing, paper making, construction, printing and so on. Machinery manufacturing, chemical, food processing, printing industry is very developed, suburban agriculture is very developed. To the local power station by pipeline from Central Asia, the North Caucasus and Volga - Ural region of natural gas as fuel input. Has a large library and around the city gas pipeline. Leach ugljan on the Volga, Rybinsk, Gorky, Samara, Volgograd hydropower electricity to Moscow by the high voltage transmission lines. City, thermal power plants east. Moscow is also the largest commercial center of the CIS, Russia's largest commercial and financial offices are located here. With national banks, insurance agency headquarters, 66 major department stores, department stores, with "Children's World," the central department store and the largest national department stores.
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Science Education
Moscow is the scientific and cultural centers, educational facilities, many, including the 1433 general education schools and 84 colleges and universities. Lomonosov Moscow State University to the University (students 2.6 million) was best known. Lenin Library is the world's second largest library collection of 35.7 million (1995). A 4 kinds of books each year, issued nearly 3600 kinds of publications. More than 1,000 scientific research institutions, scientists and the number of 20 million. Russian Science Center, which had said the Russian Academy of Sciences, in addition to more than 90 other scientific institutions, including 78 research institutions and the arts, medicine, education and agriculture Research Institute. There is also a large number of research institutes, various colleges, museums, theaters, libraries and offices of these facilities Now the Moscow Cinema 72 Theatre 31 109 Hall, 78 museums, 142 galleries. One National Theatre, Moscow Art Theatre, the State Central Puppet Theatre, the Moscow State Circus, the Russian State Symphony Orchestra enjoys a worldwide reputation. The National Pushkin Museum of Fine Arts in Visual Arts Museum, Tretyakov Gallery and the Ordnance Museum (Kremlin), the National Museum of History and other more famous. Sports facilities are large stadium (seating more than in 1500) 1970, 96 stadiums, including the Olympic Sports Complex area of 11,557 square meters, has been held here in 1980, the 22nd Olympic Games. There are 65 swimming pools, football 2900, 1200 gym, four racing games and 1600 basketball, volleyball. Medical facilities include 193 hospitals and 1,000 clinics. Sports: Moscow because of its political economy in Russia is in a special place in the city's sports teams in various sports also occupy a pivotal position in Russia, even though many teams are strong teams in the European context, to Moscow and Russia to get a another honor. Football Cody Moss football club that Mo Lokomotiv Moscow Football Club Spartak Moscow Football Club Torpedo Moscow Football Club Moscow Football Club CSKA Moscow Football Club Indoor Soccer Dynamo Moscow football club Spartak Moscow Football Club CSKA Moscow Football Club Ice hockey Cody Moss hockey club that Mo Ice hockey club Spartak Moscow CSKA Moscow Hockey Club Soviet League Basketball Basketball ball club Dynamo Moscow Basketball Club CSKA Moscow Volleyball Volleyball Club Namo Cody Moss Water polo Moscow Dynamo Water Polo Club
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Telecommunications Traffic
【Transportation】 Moscow traffic developed, is the national railway, road, river and air hub, electric railway and highway leading to all directions. The center of the Russian railway system, operating in Moscow about the country's total cargo volume of 1 / 10. The city has 9 passenger train station, about 50 kilometers away from the urban periphery of the construction of a 550 km length of the large circular railway. Rail access to St. Petersburg, the Kirov, Kiev, Vladivostok, Kharkov, Donets Basin, Minsk, Warsaw, Berlin and other domestic cities and Ural, the Volga River, the Caucasus, Central Asia, Crimea, Siberia, the Baltic and other regions. Moscow Metro is the largest passenger transport, the city's total of eight subway lines, operating mileage of 212.5 km (1995). Moscow River flows through the urban area, there are three river ports. Moscow canal dug, the communication between the Moscow River and the Volga River, the water transport up the sea. Volga - Don navigation canal, Moscow became the Baltic Sea, White Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea and the Caspian Sea, "Five Sea Port", the local three ports in 29 million tons of cargo. Moscow as the center of the CIS aviation network has four airports, with most European capitals and New York, Montreal, Tokyo and other foreign cities have direct flights, with 97 countries, 122 cities have international shipping business. The more developed city traffic, subway and bus as the main tool for the steady increase in private cars. Moscow is a major international airport. The country's largest railway hub (the starting point of 11 railway lines), the city underground railway (opened 1935). Communication with the Volga Canal, the White Sea, Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Azov Sea and the Caspian Sea. Moscow City, rational layout, to Red Square as the center, and dozens of street started radiation in all directions, several around the city street surrounded by another layer to the city center. The city has 11 electrified railways and 13 roads leading to all directions, the city has nine passenger train station, five airports, eight subway, subway lines and the ring network radiating from all over the city, nearly 200 km length, Metro commitment to the city more than 40% of passenger traffic. The city of Moscow subway. As Pro Moscow River, another Moscow Canal and Volga - Don canal access, and therefore, "five sea port" in the world.
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Sightseeing
Moscow as the Russian capital and largest city in Europe, it is Russian political, economic, financial, science, arts centers. Many historical sites. The city has 11 natural forest areas, 98 parks, 800 in various garden in the city. Red Square, the Kremlin along the city center. Red Square with Lenin. Moscow is Russia a very famous tourist city, green area of high, the "forest capital" reputation, the city is also very large number of human classic. Other attractions are Novo De Weiqi female Benedictine church tower, the former Soviet Academy of Sciences, the Bureau of the resident, Lenin central stadium, Ukraine hotels and Moscow State University. Outside the ring rail 60,70 of the 20th century factories and residential areas developed. Sculpture is a unique style of decoration in Moscow city, the city stands the many sculptures in bronze or marble statues and monuments. The city has 11 natural forest area, nearly a park, covering about 2,000 hectares, the garden in the urban areas have more than 800. Our Lady of the new monastery near Moscow, Castro Itza Orthodox abbey, Simonov monastery and so on. Village outskirts of silver pine, Xi Muji, Cui Lin Maosheng 奥斯坦基诺 other places, quiet and pleasant. To March 1, 2007, the Moscow Kremlin, Red Square, behind Building 5, that group of the old building in the Russian Defense Ministry has 5 of the 19th century neo-classical building was demolished. According to the British "Guardian" reported that the Russian authorities sent at midnight down these old houses, followed by military trucks carried away the debris-night break watts. Demolition of historic buildings was the same night, which indicates that Department of Defense projects of old buildings turned luxury hotel in the midst of controversy and rap sound and a step forward. 2008, a piece of land to build luxury accommodation $ 2000 per night hotel and seat price of $ 25,000 / square meter apartment, total project cost of 150 million euros. As the regional representative of Russia, Red Square, the Russian mind, "Tiananmen Square" is a Russian military parade held in various large celebrations and activities of central location, but also the history of Moscow's most famous landscape. Red Square as if entered into the spirit of the Russian homeland. Red Square for the overnight removal of the behavior of historic buildings, local outrage critics accused, this is only the recent history of the famous Moscow building a series of acts of vandalism in one only. Historic sites become "a waste" February 28, President of Red Square Logistics Agency spokesman Helian Cove to accept the guidance of the "Moscow Times" interview, the agency has the right to Red Square buildings. Helian Cove, said the buildings did not "architectural value", and is now a piece of garbage. Helian Primakov added, the building early last year has been cleared. He also emphasized the Administration's approach does not violate regulations. Although the Red Square in 1990 had been listed as World Heritage, but Helian Primakov pointed out that legal protection, Building 5, whether the building is not clearly defined. 沙尔基亚桑 National Building Museum in Moscow, said: "This is a tragedy that our country's laws did not work." 沙尔基亚桑 accused Moscow by a group of savage, uneducated people to master, these people that to find some fresh material, made out of a copy is better than an old building. 沙尔基亚桑 also revealed that year and a half ago he had "tried" to enter the interior of these old buildings to visit. Are in accordance with the Russian interior architectural features unique built up, the Russian is a very elegant Tudor style, with high conservation value. "Throughout the construction activities of Soviet history is nothing more than to tear down old buildings, and then try to protect them." 沙尔基亚桑 said. The building is surrounded by both houses, the middle is a spacious courtyard. Which is very ornate facade decoration, has been listed as a UNESCO protected object. In 1891, the Russian architect Roman Klein designed the Red Square Building 5. After the 1917 revolution, it became the military headquarters in the basement as the Red Army warehouse. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, it became the Russian Defense Ministry is located. In 2005, Red Square, Building 5, Russia's International Industrial Bank has been bought, and then hired the famous French architect Jean 米歇尔维尔莫 Special responsible for the design and reconstruction project. To forget history is to continue the traditional International Industrial Bank, 43, is the Chairman of the Board 席谢尔盖普加乔夫 active agents of transformation plan. International Industrial Bank has a building which used to be part of the property, after several twists and turns belonging to the Russian Federation and the Moscow city government to use the rest of the right to buy the property and buildings, which makes the renovation project to proceed. Wilmut renovation project will be known as the "dream project." "For me, this is a golden opportunity. Frankly, this is the best opportunity I have encountered," Wilmot said. Wilmot said that Red Square is not only a symbol of Russia, and has a long history. "Our challenge is to keep this place in history, while introducing modern elements, this is a very difficult task." He said. November 2006, the design published. Construction and external structure because of the positive can not move, building interior will be transformed into a _set_ of the total area of 33,600 square meters of buildings, including a 118-room luxury hotel, four restaurants, bars, fitness and spa center, conference center and an auction site. According to the provisions of the Moscow city government, view from Red Square, you can not see this apartment building, so the design process is also very ado. Hotels and apartments are expected to be completed in 2008. The building where the church from the Kremlin and Sheng Waxi separated by only a stone's throw. Developers to elaborate and beautiful apartments and geographical location as a selling point advertised. This attracted the eyes of many Russian investors become sought after competing goals, but let public opinion and the Russian people on Red Square, the commercial appeared satisfied with the taste. Russian public generally believe that Red Square is one of the symbols of Russia, its strong sense of the transformation of business plans will seriously damage the Red Square's history and overall structure. Some historians and architects have also asked the Government to halt reform. In sharp contrast with the new hotel is near the mandatory removal of the Russian restaurants. Khrushchev, the Russian restaurant is the reign of the personal endorsement of the pilot project, adjacent to Red Square and the Kremlin, was founded in 1967, a total of 21 floors, was Europe's largest hotel. But in 2005 a series of transformation in urban planning, the Moscow city government that this modern-style buildings and close the red walls of the golden dome of the Kremlin contrast too much, too uncoordinated, determined to put it removed. January 1, 2006, the Russian restaurant officially closed. Public opinion is that Russia hotel is a part of the history of the city, and should not be swept into the dustbin of history. Moscow is experiencing large-scale urban changes. The government plans to build 60 of 2015 consolidated district, the 200 high-rise 30 floors above the composition; restaurants, hotels increased to 420 by 2010, when the hotel will also host 20 million tourists. Russia, a local construction industry expert pointed out that in the past 15 years have been historic buildings in Moscow in 2000 the tide of urban construction disappeared. Members of the Moscow Architecture Society of Christian families denounced the door, the Moscow Government's "sophistry" and can not hide its breach of the law. "The government building is designated historic preservation group for a building, any part of this group should not be undermined." Klimenko said. Russian city changes the link Moscow is experiencing large-scale unimaginable a few years ago the city building. Being implemented under the "New Moscow Ring" building program, the surrounding city of Moscow will be built by 2015, nearly 200 buildings over 30 stories consisting of 60 integrated community. July 2006, the Moscow city government to stimulate the adoption of a Moscow hotel industry on the development of emergency measures to the resolution, plans to Moscow hotels, hotels increased to 420, with emphasis on building on the three-star hotel. Vice President of the Moscow State Boqiuluofu AG, said in Moscow the next 5 years the city will build 248 hotels by 2010, Moscow hotel will be able to simultaneously receive 20 million visitors. The construction of St. Petersburg, the tide is also heating up. Not long ago, the hubbub of the city gas project design firm RMJM won the bid have said the person in charge, and now the architect of Russia to the West is full of expectations, hopes to have a world-class architecture. In fact, the Russian gas building projects in St. Petersburg 300 years but the greatest changes in the strongest. St. Petersburg in 2007, it will probably be a year of acceleration of change. Gazprom Norman Foster Building project will be the jury an artificial island, "New Holland" transformed into commercial, residential and entertainment for the whole building complex; the other judges also won Kisho Kurokawa another race, following the same Gazprom funded new stadium plan, this "spaceship" will replace the old Stalinist Soviet-era stadium. Renaissance St. Petersburg Times, but has only just begun. Russian gas will be the first part of the building completed in 2010, has been called on everyone to take this on-line to St. Petersburg before traveling. River opposite the Smolny Russian gas in the 396 meters in front of the building into a dwarf. Here is the October Revolution, Lenin's revolutionary headquarters during the period. The main tourist attractions: Kremlin Red Square Moscow Metro Tretyakov Gallery Pushkin Museum of Art New Notre Dame Cemetery Battle of Borodino Panorama Museum National Economic Achievements Exhibition Centre (All-Russian Exhibition Centre) Armed Forces Museum 奥斯坦基诺 (estate, theater, TV tower) Arbat Street Red Square: located in the center, covering 91,000 square meters, "Red Square", Department of Tsar in 1658 recognized the name, meaning "the beautiful square." It is west of the Kremlin's red walls and three towers, south of West Church, north of Silver is a top red brick History Museum. Kremlin: eight hundred years ago, the Russian princes, a 名叫尤里多尔戈鲁 base, built a castle here, ("Kremlin" is the original intent of the word "castle"), it is the Kremlin shape. Here, Russia's best preserved classical architecture and cultural heritage, they are: Chung King, shot King, Our Lady of rest (Ust Verbinski) Cathedral, Archangel (Arkhangelsk Nowitzki) Cathedral, Annunciation (圣布拉戈维 first Nowitzki) Cathedral, Cathedral Square Ivan the Great Bell Tower, Great Kremlin, weapons museum. Lenin: Lenin's death in 1924, buried here, solemn red granite building, located in the central west of Red Square. Lenin buried in the crystal coffin, the periodic opening. Lenin buried there after the red walls of the former Soviet Union, Stalin and other prominent leaders of the body and the ashes. Tomb of Unknown Soldier and the Alexander Garden: Alexander Garden is located outside the Kremlin's red walls, is the Moscow play off one of the most favorite place to go. Garden, built in 1967, the tomb of Unknown Soldier have eternal flame, visiting foreign delegations are generally required to lay a wreath here. Moscow River: Moscow length of 502 km, flows through the whole of Moscow about 80 km river is usually 200 meters, maximum width of 1 km, roaming the Moscow River by boat along the beautiful scenery, do not have style. Sparrow Hill, viewing platform, Moscow State University: Sparrow Hill is a famous scenic area, viewing platform at Sparrow Hill, is the main entrance of the Moscow University, which overlooks the Moscow River and may be urban landscape; Moscow State University was built in 1755, the University of scale is very grand, 240 meters high main building, a total of 33 floors, with over 30,000 rooms, it was calculated that if a person lives a day, a lifetime to live could not finish. Museums: There are the Moscow State historical museum, the Pushkin Museum of Visual Arts (collection of 543 000 ancient works of art, 3,000 pieces of paintings), Tretyakov Gallery, Oriental Art Museum of the peoples of the Central Lenin Museum, the Great Patriotic War Museum (Victory Park), the Central Armed Forces Museum, the Arc de Triomphe and panorama Museum, Museum of integrated technology, creative serf Museum. All-Russian Exhibition Centre (former National Economic Achievement Exhibition Hall): the museum covers an area of 300 hectares, 35 km perimeter fence is a very grand scale exhibition, it features the latest scientific and technological achievements, is broaden their horizons and enrich their knowledge of the good place It is also a beautiful place to visit. The center of the fountain is very famous in modern design, distinctive. The first artificial satellite in human history, the first astronaut to wear the suit and so is the world's unique treasures. Moscow TV Tower: Built in 1967, 573.5 meters high tower is the highest in Europe and the world's second highest building, the "Seventh Heaven" revolving restaurant, sale of goods from around the world. Theatre: Theatre Square in the center, known as the "Light of Russia", "Russian national pearl", which is one of the world-famous Grand Theatre. Arbat Art Street: Street there are many distinctive arts and crafts, snack bar, coffee shops, street artists, in addition to selling paintings, but also for tourists portrait, very national identity. Gum department store, department store Chu Farm, Nerima Plaza Shopping Centre: The famous department store has a typical Russian style, building spectacular, full of goods is a good place for shopping tours. Moscow there is a grand and luxurious to the construction of the subway is known, the design of each station as the Royal Palace, museums, churches and art of Hospitals, an eye-opener, tourists must visit.
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Moscow Region
East European Plain in central European part of Russia. An area of 47,000 square kilometers. Population 6,518,000 (1985, not including the City of Moscow), urban population accounted for three quarters. Let the state in 1929, the capital of Moscow. Most of the plains, north, northwest hills, the general elevation of 200 meters, 300 meters the highest point. 40% of the total forest area of the state. There are lignite deposits, peat, apatite. Temperate continental climate, January average temperature of -10 ℃, 7 月 17 ℃. Annual rainfall 450-650 mm. With the Moscow River, the river Oka and Ya Wuzha through. The machinery manufacturing industry, textile and chemical based. Agriculture developed rich vegetables, fruits and livestock meat milk. Rail and road network density is among the first in the All-Russian states. Many places of interest. The famous left bank of Oka Pryor Trask - Jie Lasi the nature reserve. Important city of Kolomna, Aoliehuofu - Zuye Fu, Serpukhov, Seoul Liu other policies, 波多尔斯克, electricity and so Frank and Noginsk.
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Encyclopedia
Mosike Moscow Moskva The Soviet Union and the Russian Federation capital. Moscow, capital of the state. Soviet political, economic, transportation and scientific and cultural center. One of the world's megacities. European part of Russia in the Soviet Union in central plain, the Volga River and Oka River Hejian to the west, across the Moscow River and its tributaries Ya Wuzha River. Area of 878.7 square km, population 8,642,000 (1985). Natural conditions is located in Smolensk - Moscow Prince lowland hills and round the edge of the United States, undulating terrain microwave, with an average elevation of 120 meters. Constituted by the Cretaceous rocks southwest of the city of Lenin Mountain (elevation 253 meters) the highest point of the city. Moscow River from northwest to southeast through the southern half of the urban areas, around sharp bends in the southwest of the city to Lenin Mountains, north through the south side of the Kremlin wall. The cold winter long, steady snow cover on average 146 days (November to next April), the coldest month (January) average temperature of -10.2 ℃, the absolute minimum temperature of -42 ℃; spring is short, sharp temperature rise in April; warm summer, the hottest month (July) the average temperature of 18.1 ℃, the absolute maximum temperature of 36.8 ℃. Average annual rainfall 582 mm. Urban development of Moscow is to have 800 years of history, one of Russia's oldest cities. 1147 for the territory of Suzdal Grand Duchy of small towns, located in the Moscow River and the exchange Niegelinna River mouth. 1156 wooden structure established Kremlin mud castle. Moscow principality in 1328 became the capital, the construction of palaces, aristocratic houses and churches, expanding the Kremlin walls (1485 ~ 1495), the east wall of the formation of business district of Chinatown (1535 ~ 1538), followed by outward expansion, to build walls Baicheng . 15th century became the political center of the Russian centralized state, the 16th century as the country's largest city. And twice in 1592 and 1638 to expand and build out around the city walls, the garden city limits are reached along the road. Tsarist Russia in 1589 to become the capital markets and handicraft workshops developed rapidly in urban areas with the early division of functions, the Kremlin has become a veritable palace, the nobility tried to take the Chinatown merchant moved outside of China, inhabited by craftsmen and more the south bank of Moscow. In 1712 the capital moved to St. Petersburg (now Leningrad), but still, Russia's economic and cultural center. 1737 ~ 1752 period there had been three major fires. Russia and France during the War of 1812, fire destroyed the entire city buildings 2 / 3, 1813 after the reconstruction. 18th century there were 300 factories, more than half of the textile factories, known as the "cloth city." After 1861, the city's rapid economic development, since the construction of modern textile, metal processing, chemical and food industries. Production value of industrial output value accounted for the city 1 / 4. Russia also has become connected throughout the whole nine largest railway hub. Expanding the city limits, from 1830 expanded to 78 square kilometers 170 square kilometers in 1917. Moscow Panorama Population of the world's population growth of the cities. 1830 population of 306,000, with the industrial development, population growth, 1871 was 60.2 million, up to 1,983,700 in 1915. After the victory of the October Revolution, civil war, the population plummeted (1920 years to 1,023,700); After the war, large-scale economic development has led to rapid population growth, the first and second five-year plan (1928 ~ 1939) during the population from 202.94 million to 4,182,900, after almost 10 years, an increase of 100 per million to 1981 has reached 8.203 million. The natural population growth rate of 14 ‰ (1979). The city's economic sectors accounted for employees: industry 26.1%, transportation 8.1%, construction 7.1%, commerce 5.4%, 1.5% of Posts and Telecommunications, cultural and educational technology sector 26.6%, 25.2% of other service industries (1980). Economy is the largest industrial centers of the Soviet Union. After the victory of the October Revolution, the industrial output value increased by 230 times, the industrial labor