Dresden folk festivals: May to June each year held in Dresden Music Festival, Elbe hillside event; Dresden City Festival in August there; Dresden Christmas Market in December are: Germany, tired Princeton Old Market Square (altmarkt) the Christmas Market is Germany's oldest Christmas market (since 1432). Preserved fruit cake Christmas Day. Dresden Shopping: Prague street, the street is the old market and 维斯杜鲁弗 Dresden Old Town shopping center. There are high-end business Shops and restaurants. Should stop, watch, stroll. Do not forget to visit The fully restored, 692 meters long, baroque country King Street. External policy at Po Na Metro and King Street between Bridge Street. Has its own atmosphere. On their own different The characteristics of the old town thrived. In the narrow streets inside. There fashionable boutiques. And distribution of antiques, art, road Goods, a variety of brand-name and thrift shops. Dresden Transport: 2o minutes by train from Leipzig can be reached Dresden. Area: 226 km2 Population: 500,000 Dresden is a city of art and baroque. Its architectural and artistic highlights mainly reflected in the Theatre Square, Brooklyn homes platforms, as well as a national art treasure. Active urban architecture, world-famous collection, lively musical traditions and the plastic arts to give Dresden a unique culture. There is also the beautiful scenery of the Elbe. In which to appreciate the magnificent palaces and villas. Attractions: rebuilt Dresden Frauenkirche: 2004. Including within the dome will be completed, including the Church of Our Lady. Church will be used without restriction. 2005. 800-year anniversary of Dresden when the city was built. Outside the dome (this is known as the stone bell) will also be built.
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Geography
1 position Dresden is located at latitude 51 ° 03 ', longitude 13 ° 45'. It is located in the Elbe River, Dresden Elbe Valley Basin, located mainly in the south extends to Kuangshi mountains, north slopes of granite, sandstone mountains east of the Elbe, about 113 meters above sea level. The highest point of Dresden is about 384 meters above sea level. As Dresden mild climate and location of suitable urban construction, as well as on the Elbe fine Baroque architecture, Dresden has been the "Elbe River Florence (Elbflorenz)" of the name. Historically there have been 60 years, Dresden metropolitan area (including nearby suburbs) is second only to Berlin, Hamburg and Cologne, Germany's fourth metropolitan area. The main rivers are the Elbe in Dresden is the only navigable through the city's rivers. There are many mountains in the river Elbe's tributaries. 2, Environment The nearest German cities are Chemnitz (80 km southwest), Leipzig (100 km northwest) and Berlin (200 km north). Prague is located 150 km south; the Polish city of Wroclaw is located 200 km east. In Dresden there are some medium-sized urban area towns, such as Pirna (40,000 residents), Faure Rosenthal (40,000 office), Ladd Boyle (33,000 residents) and Meissen (28,000 residents). Resa and not too far away from Freiberg. Dresden has been extended to large areas such as Carmen Heights neighborhood, Meissen, Riesa - Grow Sennheiser because of Powell Cen counties a small portion of the total population of about 125 million people. Dresden, including many rural areas because, as one of Europe's greenest city, 63 percent of the area of green space and forests. Prairie north of Dresden (Dresdner Heide) area of 50 square kilometers. Dresden has four nature reserves, plus a special protection area of 18 square kilometers. Protected the city gardens, trails, parks, old cemeteries and natural monuments. Dresden Elbe Valley is a protected World Heritage Site, constitute the cultural landscape of Dresden. Throughout the city for up to 20 km Elbe grass is an important city landscape. 3 Climate Dresden climate zone in which the middle-cool continental climate, but because most of the city is located in the Elbe Valley, where micro-climate and slope with different heights. Klotzsche altitude of 227 meters, is the city a higher area, Dresden weather station located there. According to experience, Klotzsche temperatures lower than the temperature of the inner city of 1-3 ℃. Especially in the summer night, the city's climate comfort: air temperature 25 ℃ at midnight is not surprising. The average January temperature of -0.7 ℃, the average July temperature of 18.1 ℃. Dresden, Germany, the average summer temperature is higher than the temperature, while the average winter temperature is lower off than Germany. The annual average temperature of the inner city is 10.2 ℃. The dry season in February and March, precipitation is only 60 mm. 4, flood control As the Dresden Elbe River, some originated in the Ore Mountains tributaries, the river passes through the throat of the river within the city. Therefore, the development of the city's flood control is an important aspect to consider, for large areas allowed the construction of buildings. Two 50-meter wide trench to protect the safety of the inner city. Tanks and reservoirs are located outside the flood control system. Must be used in many parts of walls or piling defense, once the Elbe flooding tributaries, many of Dresden, the water district will be trapped. 5, the urban structure
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History
1 Early history Since the Neolithic Age, pottery lined the Dresden region has a culture of tribal life here. Elbe north shore of an ancient Slavic _set_tlement Drežďany ("mud forest dwellers"), later known as Altendresden (Old Town); At this time, the Germans eastward expansion, in 1206, Mason Earl Dietrich choose to _set_ up the south bank of the Elbe a German town Dresdene, as his temporary residence, is the core of today's Metro. 1270, Meissen Henry Earl of official capital in outstanding Dresden. Henry's death, the city became the Kingdom of Bohemia and Count of Brandenburg possessions. 1319 Wettin dynasty restored. From 1485 the station became the Duke of Saxony from 1547 to play a more became the residence of Elector of Saxony. By the years 1697 -1706 and 1709 -1733 years, Dresden, Saxony, Elector Frederick Augustus I, King elected to become Augustus II of Poland, although still in the Polish capital Warsaw, but from Dresden, there has been a Polish name Drezno. As he plans to make Dresden the most important royal residence, he also began to see porcelain in China ("white gold") is secret; in his rule, invented in Dresden and Meissen porcelain in Europe . He is also recruiting from all over Europe many of the best architects and artists came to Dresden. During this period, the direct competition in the JA Kazakhstan under the guidance of the city's musical life began to perk up, his reign marked among European cities of Dresden in the congregation, started showing art technology and leading position. His son Frederick Augustus II, Elector of Saxony also increased from 1734 -1763 was in Dresden as a rule of the Polish King Augustus III of Poland. During his rule in the Treaty of Dresden, Dresden was signed, ending the Second Silesian War, then in seven years war (1756 -1763 years), the Dresden suffered serious damage. From 1806 to 1918, Dresden is the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony (incorporated into the German Empire in 1871). During the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon as a military base, this year on August 27 he won a famous victory in the Battle of Dresden. In the 19th century, the city became an important industrial center, including automobile manufacturing, food and pharmaceutical industries. The city also developed into an important international center of art and antiques sales. Since industrialization, the urban population of 95,000 people from 1849 to 1900 of 396,000 people. Early 20th century, the famous Dresden particular plant is its camera, such as by Hage (Ihagee, producing love Keshan Thai-EXAKTA camera), Pentacon (Pentacon, production Baika-Praktica camera). There are also cigarette factory, where an impressive Yenidze, the building has a colorful glass roof, like a mosque, still exist. From 1918 to 1934, Dresden, Weimar Republic is the first Free State of Saxony's capital. The city many times in history have been subjected to destruction: in 1491 by fire, in 1760 the Prussian army was shelling, 1849 in the suppression of constitutionalists during the May uprising in the city damaged in February 1945 and was fierce Allied bombing. 2, World War II World War II bombing of Dresden was destroyed is not the only German city, but the bombing of Dresden in 1945, the war became the most controversial events. 13-14 February 1945, Valentine's Day morning started carpet bombing. Elbe side of Old Town is full of historical and cultural wealth of the most serious damage, blocking a river, less damage to the Metro has become a part of today's older Dresden. At this time the war has to end. But at the time the Allies from the German counterattack just be re-organized. The city's defense is not particularly strong, because the city's main cultural center of Europe, heavy industry is not important, so neglected in the strategy. In the beginning of the war, away from the Allied bombing range, was relatively safe, most of the air defense forces had been transferred elsewhere. Public evidence of post-war Germany's air force is "youth anti-aircraft militia." Dresden bombing the inner city of Dresden (15 square kilometers) have been completely destroyed (including 14,000 houses, 72 schools, 22 hospitals, 19 churches, 5 theaters, 50 banks and insurance companies , 31 department stores, 31 large hotels, 62 administrative buildings, and plant photography by Hage), other regions are also different degrees of damage, only the villa suffered relatively light damage. The city a total of 222,000 apartments, of which 75,000 were completely destroyed, 11,000 severely damaged, 7,000 damaged, 81,000 slightly damaged. As the impact of political propaganda for the estimated civilian death toll in a variety of very different, Nazi Germany's estimated 350,000 to 400,000 is Dresden's official estimate of the communist regime to increase gradually, gradually increased to 140,000 from 25,000 people. Dresden City Museum, but the evidence showed that 25,000 deaths, fewer than Hamburg, but Hamburg is less than the size of the city of Dresden. Dresden's population was 60 million, there are at least 200,000 refugees from the eastern front of the crowd in the cramped living room or through Dresden, and then the Russians from the town has only 50 miles away. Many higher estimate is based on forged TB47 report. TB47 has been in the real version of the West German Federal Archives of Koblenz found. One month after the Nazi German bombing of the official report (TB47) to determine the number of casualties between 18,000 to 22,000 between the estimated final data for 25,000 people, including an interesting sentence, "As far better than the rumors true, let us be posed by real data. " One view is that the Dresden bombing was caused by Nazi Germany, the tragic consequences of their own, others think this is a war crime, while others think it is necessary to support the Red Army's military operations. Fortunately, most of the city's beauty has been restored, to restore the public's enthusiasm for "old Dresden" building. Today, with the British city of Coventry, Dresden has a good partnership, Coventry was severely damaged by German air raids. 3 Cold War After World War II, ownership of the socialist East Germany, Dresden is still an important industrial center, with a large number of research facilities. However, Dresdner Bank and many famous enterprises were nationalized in order to avoid the choice to leave Dresden. Number of important historic buildings have been rebuilt, but the city still has not healed many wounds. The city's Communist Party leaders for economic and ideological reasons, in the reconstruction of large areas of the city, the choice of using a relatively mild socialist modern style, trying to get rid of the city's past as a royal capital of Saxony and the historical bastion of the German bourgeoisie . Many escaped the bombing of churches in the 1960s no longer repair, but was razed to the ground. In East Germany, Dresden has a nickname "incompetent Valley" because the city is located in a valley, you can prevent people from watching West German television, the past in East Germany, though illegal, but very popular. October 3, 1989, (known as "Battle of Dresden"), a refugee from East Germany to West Germany in Prague transport train through Dresden, local activists and residents joined the then East Germany's all over development of non-cooperation movement (moderate resistance), requiring removal of non-democratically elected Communist government. From 1985 to 1990, Vladimir Putin (now Russian Prime Minister) KGB officer in Dresden in the work. 4, after re-unification After German reunification in 1990, Dresden into the market economy, due to the loss of traditional export markets of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, West German companies also face competition from almost total collapse of local traditional industries. However, the introduction of Dresden as a new legal system and the West German capital, large-scale reconstruction of infrastructure, attracting AMD, Motorola, Infineon, Volkswagen, Airbus, Toppan and other companies in this investment, The economy is gradually recovering the process. However, the bombing of Dresden remained in public memory. February 13 of each year bombing anniversary, there are tens of thousands of demonstrators gathered to commemorate this event. The ceremony is often held in the communist period, especially for the Western Allies, the first is the United States. After reunification, the ceremony began with more neutral colors with pacifism, but the radical right-wing German National Democratic Party (NPD) cited the bombing of Dresden, Germany will be portrayed as the real victims of World War II. In 2005, Dresden, Germany held the largest post-war neo-Nazi demonstrations, there are 5-8 million new Nazi supporters to participate in, denouncing the "Allied bombing Holocaust" (German: Alliierter Bombenholocaust). 2002 and 2006, the Dresden Elbe flooded twice by the occurrence of events. In 2004, UNESCO declared the vicinity of Dresden Elbe Valley as a "world heritage." However, preparing to build a new bridge across the Elbe, the UNESCO that the bridge will destroy the cultural landscape in 2006, has been included in the list of World Heritage in Danger, to July 2007, the city may lose World Heritage status. 5, military history Elector of Dresden, Germany as a candidate country and the Kingdom of the capital, hundreds of years, is a military center. Incorporated into the German Empire after 1871, in the construction of a huge military facility Albertstadt. In the beginning of World War I can hold more than 20,000 military personnel, the fortress in 1918 was restricted to the activities resumed in 1934, in preparation for the World War II. It is not in the bombing of Dresden during the attack, but in the last few months because of the war the railway network under attack, its function is limited. After the war, Albertstadt fort became the headquarters of the Soviet tank unit to Germany. German reunification, the Soviet withdrawal in 1992, Dresden, Germany, in addition to officers outside the school, has no military units.
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Education and Science
Dresden Institute of Graphic Arts University of Dresden has many well-known. Dresden University has 35.000 students (2004), established in 1828, is Germany's largest one of the oldest University, with 126 subjects, including many social and economic aspects of the discipline. Dresden University of Applied Sciences, founded in 1992, with 5300 students (2005). Dresden Art Academy, founded in 1764, once had George Ge Luozi, 奥托狄克斯, 奥斯卡科柯 Shi card, 贝尔纳多贝洛 care, Carl - Gustav - Carew Adams, Caspar David Friedrich and Gerhard Richter and many other artists. Dresden Dance Academy was founded in 1925, the Department of Gret Palucca founded, is Europe's leading free dance school. Carl von Weber College of Music horsepower Asia, founded in 1856. Other universities also Church Music, Gospel Church Social Work, School of Economics Fachhochschule and Military Academy. Dresden International University is a private graduate school, _set_ up late and rapid development, with the Dresden University of Technology has a working relationship. Dresden has many research institutes with world influence. Fraunhofer Society (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) engaged in applied research, the next in Dresden has 11 research institutes, including the Electronic Technology Association (IPMS), high-energy Ceramic Technology Association (IKTS), the electron plasma Association (FEP ), IC Society (IIS), materials and components Technology (IWS), Nanotechnology Technology Center (CNT), processing machinery and packaging technology Association (AVV) and traffic and transport technology (IVI), there are some sectors headquartered in other cities in Germany. Max Planck Society is committed to basic research in Dresden has three research institutes: the molecular cell biology and gene technology Research Institute (CBG), Solid State Chemistry, Institute of Physics (CPFS) and complex systems Physics Institute (PKS). Leibniz Association (Leibniz-Gemeinschaft) in Dresden under the four research institutions, including ecology and Regional Development Institute (IÖR), Polymer Research Institute (IPF), Solid State and Materials Research Society ( IFW) and Rosen Randolph Center (FZR). Rosen, Randolph Center (Forschungszentrum Rossendorf) is located not far outside the city, dedicated to nuclear medicine, is the largest research institute in Dresden.
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Economic
Dresden in the German city's economy has been a very important position; in the former East German times, Dresdner Bank and other well-known enterprises in order to avoid being nationalized and have left the Dresden, the city economic growth far lower than the West German city, but East Germany is still an important industrial center, and East Germany is one of the richest communist country. When transferred to a market economy, the traditional export markets of the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, an economic collapse, also face strong competition from West German companies, manufacturing enterprises in Dresden almost total collapse. Dresden after the establishment of new legal and circulation system, the introduction of West German capital reconstruction of infrastructure, its economy is the process of rapid recovery. After the reunification of Germany, Dresden, Germany, the western city of relatively high unemployment rate, remained at 13% to 15% fluctuations, and the surrounding cities of 15% to 18%. However, the former East German city of Dresden in the case considered one of the best economic development, economic base and growth rate are much better than other cities in the former East Germany, up to 31,100 euros per capita GDP, and relatively affluent West Germany similar areas (50 cities in Germany the average per capita GDP of 35,000 euros). About 20% of employees have higher education diploma. Dresden was named as the German economic weekly top ten cities in Germany. Dresden's economy is dominated by three main sectors: Semiconductor industry was established in 1969, 2003, the value of 3 billion euros in Dresden GDP (130 million euros) account for a significant proportion. Major companies are AMD, Infineon, ZMD, Qimonda and Toppan Photomask Company. They are fab, and other plants to attract a lot of suppliers and non-polluting enterprises to Dresden. Today, Dresden and the surrounding area has grown to cover the electronics and microelectronics, has nearly 800 companies, Europe's largest microelectronics center. The rise of the pharmaceutical industry in the 19th century. Saxony has a serum plant belongs to GlaxoSmithKline, the world's leading vaccine manufacturers. The traditional pharmaceutical companies is another pharmaceutical factory in Dresden. The third sector is the traditional mechanical and electrical industries. Major employers are the Volkswagen, Airbus Elbe Aircraft Factory, Siemens and Linde Group. Volkswagen's transparent factory is designed to facilitate the Phaeton car customer interaction design field, so customers can monitor the whole production line of every detail, or to change the design according to individual needs. Dresden Tourism is another major source of income, employ a large number of staff. The city is the cultural heritage tourism center, with 87 hotels.
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Culture and architecture
Dresden is seeking to restore it in the 19th century to the 1920s have cultural importance, then it is art, architecture and music center, 奥托狄克斯, 奥斯卡科柯 Shi card, Richard Strauss, Semper, and Ba Luka and other famous artists in the city activities. Dresden also has many important art collections, world-renowned symphony orchestra, choir and various musical periods, various styles of important buildings, many of which were destroyed in World War II, and today they have been gradually rebuilt. 1, Entertainment The summer of 2006, the city of Dresden 800 anniversary from the UK and the local pop group Pet Shop Boys in Prague Symphony Orchestra with pedestrian street for live performances. Dresden has many theater, special screening of films of cultural value and low cost typical evil movie. Dresden is the production of animation and film optical technology center. Dresden Film Festival, an annual short film competition held in Europe's most rich competitive. 2, Museum Dresden State Art Museum (Staatlichen Kunstsammlungen Dresden) has an important position in the world, which consists of 11 museums, is located the ancient masters Zwinger Gallery (Gemäldegalerie Alte Meister) and the Dresden castle Green Dome Treasure House (Grünes Gewölbe) is one of the most famous. Deutsche Hygiene Museum in Dresden, there are museums, Museum of Military History, State Museum of Prehistory, State Museum of Natural History, Ethnology Museum, the Dresden City Museum, Museum of Transport, and the Dresden University of Art and Technology Museum. 3, construction Dresden is often called the Baroque city, beautiful buildings and churches in most of the Royal have adopted this style construction. Dresden Castle was the seat of the Saxon royal palace has been converted several times, so has the Renaissance, Baroque and Classical styles and other elements. The castle was completely destroyed in World War II, the ruins of the East German era was well preserved from the German reunification has been in a reconstruction, the project is expected to be completed by 2013. Green Treasure Hall dome existing in Europe's largest and most valuable collection of Royal Treasures Museum, on display Saxon royal collection of ancient gold and silver, jewelry crown. Zwinger Palace is located across the road from the castle, built in an old fortress on the German Baroque architectural treasure, with a picturesque garden courtyard, master of its ancient art collection and gallery became the royal celebrations held in place to pull Phil's masterpiece Sistine Madonna headed gathered Philippines Simmel, Rembrandt, Dürer, Giorgione and Botticelli, and others of European classical paintings. In the moat on the side of the arched door decorated with a symbol of the Polish royal golden crown. Brühl stairs overlooking the Elbe, nicknamed "the European balconies." Hofkirche (Hofkirche) is the Saxon Royal Chapel. Augustus II to become King of Poland by the new educational reform Catholicism, and in Dresden to establish this important religious building, from architects to construction of the church were all hired from Italy. In 1980, the church became the cathedral of Saxony. Different with the Catholic court church, contemporary Protestant Lutheran Church of Our Lady of Dresden is constructed by the public, is the largest church in Dresden, is the world's largest and most beautiful Protestant churches, which makes Germany Lei Houston became the largest cathedral church is not one of the few places. Dresden also has a Russian Orthodox Church. But Dresden also has been the impact of many other architectural styles, such as the Renaissance, the Bauhaus and modernism and postmodernism. Dresden is a modern architectural development in the history of the city. 1920 years ago, all-classical architecture constitutes a Dresden city. Most of the existing building was built in 1945, part of the redevelopment of old buildings, some modern and post-modernism of the new building. 1945 - 1990 are among the important buildings of Centrum-Warenhaus international-style department stores, other major former Soviet-style architecture of the residential area. After German reunification in 1990, there is a new style. Important contemporary building new synagogues (post-modern style of architecture, only a few windows), Transparent Factory, Saxony Parliament, a new level and Saxony State Library. UFA Film Centre Blue Sky by the Austrian avant-garde designs, is Germany's largest building deconstruction, one was angular appearance. Dresden has about 300 fountains, mostly in parks and squares, play a decorative function. Dresden's most famous sculpture is located in the Town Square (Neustädter Markt square) of Augustus II the golden horse like (Golden Knight, Goldener Reiter), the performance of Augustus II from Dresden part-time leave for Warsaw, Poland Street King, another well-known statue of the Virgin statue of Martin Luther in front of the church. Dresden Park Plaza Golden Knight statue
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Traffic
There are several major highway through Dresden. German A4 motorway (Calais for the west to France, via Belgium, Germany, Poland, Ukraine, Russia, east to Kazakhstan and other Central Asian countries as part of the European E40 highway) east to west through the north-west of Dresden. Germany is to the southeast to reach the A17 motorway in Germany and the Czech border, then into the Czech Republic in the Ust-D8 highway through Prague. German A13 motorway north to Berlin. The A13 and the A17 motorway in European E55 highway (north of Helsingborg, Sweden, via Denmark, Germany, Czech Republic, Austria, Italy, then across the sea to the Greek Kalamata) component. Dresden has two main inter-city rail transport hub: Dresden train station (Dresden Hauptbahnhof) and Dresden Park Railway Station (Dresden Neustadtbahnhof). The most important railway line to Berlin, Prague, Leipzig and Chemnitz. Suburban train system operated by three lines parallel with the long-distance lines. Dresden Airport is located in the northwest outskirts of Klotzsche area, there are express highways and suburban S-Bahn you can easily reach. Because the geological conditions suitable for the construction of Dresden MTR, trams in the city's public transport system is very important. Dresden has a large tramway network, including 12 lines, total length 200 km. Many new vehicles up to 45 meters. Many track roadbed with separately, in the middle grass to eliminate noise, some tracks also in the middle of the street, especially in the inner city. CarGoTram is a specialized service in the Volkswagen Transparent Factory freight train, across the city to reach its logistics center. Transparent factory is located not far from the city center, adjacent to the city's largest park.
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Political
Dresden is the capital of Saxony, Saxony in Dresden are most authority, including the state legislature, state government departments, the District Court (State Constitutional Court in Leipzig). There. City Council elections once every five years; highest mayor (Supreme Burgomaster) is the head of the municipal authorities, directly elected by the people for a term of seven years, consists of seven mayors, the first mayor (mayor often cultural) is also Vice-up Mayor. Federal eastern sea board are also located in Dresden. Dresden in the local affairs are often centered around the development of urban space. A public space architect particularly controversial subject. A planned bridge across the Elbe, the Dresden Elbe Valley to go through this World Heritage projects, but of international concern, against those who think that this bridge will lose world heritage status in 2005, the city is whether the bridge was referendum. 2006 Dresden will be subsidized housing organizations WOBA Dresden GmbH sale of one million euros to 987.1 to the U.S. investment company hedge funds (Fortress Investment Group) paid the remaining loan balance to become the first non-German cities. Opponents protest against the sale of Dresdner will lose control of the market for housing allowances. Dresden also has a military headquarters, but no longer as many troops as in the past. German military school was located in Dresden, the city has now been moved to the outskirts. Dresden's city emblem of gold, a black lion spit out the tongue and two black bars. Lion and the fence representing the city's Maisen Bo has ruled the country and Landsberger Pfähle. 1309, the United badge has been used. Fence at first blue, then changed to black, and Saxony to the other two major cities of Leipzig and Chemnitz to distinguish.
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Sister Cities
Coventry, 1959 St. Petersburg, Russia, 1961 波兰弗罗茨 Oaf, 1963 Macedonia, Skopje, 1967 捷克俄斯特拉 hair, 1971 Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo, 1975 Florence, Italy, 1978 Hamburg, Germany, 1987 Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 1988 Strasbourg, France, 1990 Salzburg, Austria, 1991 Columbus, 1992
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Encyclopedia
Deleisidun Dresden Dresden German Democratic Republic's third largest city, an important economic and cultural center of Dresden, the capital area. From the Czechoslovak border in the southeast about 30 km of the Elbe cross. Area of 226 square kilometers. Population of 521,000 (1982). And early Slavs fishing village. 1216 first appeared in historical records. A city in 1403. Located in the hub of trade routes, starting from the 15th century has been more prosperous businesses. 1485 ~ 1918 for the capital of the Kingdom of Saxony. Severely damaged in World War II, post-war reconstruction. 1860s onwards, with the nearby coal development and construction of the railway leading to Leipzig, to promote the city's modern industrial development. The rapid development of manufacturing industry to produce optical mechanical (camera, cameras, projectors, etc.) and precision machinery, apparatus known. There are chemical (drugs, etc.), printing, tobacco and food industries. Most of these departments the right bank of the Elbe new development located in industrial areas. An important transport hub, with rail passes in Berlin and Prague and other places. Elbe river ports, waterways through Czechoslovakia, issued Hamburg. Northern suburb of the international airport. The left bank of the Elbe old city, the city's more than 15 19th-century monuments, which form beautiful Heights Unger Palace (18th century), Pi specifically for display of ancient Oriental, Greek, Roman and medieval and Renaissance period to modern European paintings, prints, sculpture and other art treasures of the Dresden gallery, especially Raphael's "Sistine Madonna" the most precious. Scientific and cultural city, the major nuclear physics research center; with universities, music, medicine, art colleges and other institutions of higher learning and printing money, grain, transportation and many other museums. Famous music city, Dresden Philharmonic Orchestra prime reputation. The city zoo and botanical gardens. Suburban Pi Saxony Nature Reserve. (Cai Taiyuan)