Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat Thüringen) is one of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of 16,200 square kilometers, the eleventh in the federal; population of 2,450,000, column twelfth place. The capital is Erfurt. Thuringia good green vegetation cover, coupled in the middle of Germany, known as the "green heart of Germany." Geography Thuringia clockwise from the north boundary of several cases, including Lower Saxony, Saxony - Anhalt, Saxony, Bavaria and Hesse. Within the main cities, including Erfurt (20 million), Glasgow (11 million), Jena (10.3 million), Weimar (64000), Gotha (50,000 people), Sur (4.67 million) , Nordhausen (Nordhausen) (4.5 million) and Eisenach (4.42 million). Thuringia is located in the territory of the most famous landscapes in southern Thuringian Forest (Thüringer Wald), is a mountain range. A small portion of the northwest including the Harz Mountains. Eastern plains are generally. Saale river flows from south to north through the film plain. Thuringia territory is divided into 17 administrative regions (Landkreise) History Thuringia Thuringia who is named in this _set_tlement in the third century AD, and Thuringia in the sixth century by the Frankish rule, become part of the future of the Holy Roman Empire. 1247, Earl rule Thuringia died out, then broke Thuringian Succession War (1247 -1264 years). After the war, the western half of Thuringia Hesse became independent, never failed once again become part of Thuringia; most of the remaining Thuringia by the Meissen near Vidin fan in the country's ruling dynasty, and was later the Duchy of Saxony the core of the Kingdom of Saxony. Vidin dynasty split in 1485, Thuringia inherited by Ernst Department of the dynasty; future and based on Saxon traditions, divided inheritance rights (ie Salic Law of Succession) in male heir, the land subdivided into a series of nations, Vidin known as the Department of Family En Siting various nations. These 恩斯廷 Department of nations, including Saxony - Weimar, Saxony - Eisenach, Saxony - Jena, Saxony - Meiningen, Saxony - Altenburg, Saxony - and Saxony Coburg - Gotha, "Figure Thuringia "became a geographical concept. In 1806, Napoleon led by the Confederation of the Rhine, the produced a series of territorial changes, and at the Congress of Vienna by the European countries to participate in the future (1814-15 years), the establishment of the German Confederation and determined. In 1871, King William I of Prussia founded the German Empire, then the so-called figure 林根邦 States, including Saxony - Weimar - Eisenach, Saxony - Meiningen, Saxony - Altenburg, Saxe - Coburg - Columbia of other countries. In a post-war Weimar Republic established in 1920 years, these fine figure 林根邦 combined to _set_ up a national state, called Thuringia; among Saxony - Coburg by referendum, further adding Bavaria. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. In July 1945, the Soviet Red Army occupied Thuringia; was disbanded by the Prussian province of Saxony included James Bond Zhucheng, such as Erfurt, Mel Stockhausen (Mühlhausen) and North Stockhausen and other places. Erfurt became the new capital of Thuringia. In 1952, the German Democratic Republic under the rule of the dissolution of states, further administrative organization (Bezirke) instead. Thuringia replaced by three administrative territory of the newly established Erfurt, Gera and Sur. In 1990, the reunification of Germany, Thuringia three districts formerly East Germany, and after a slight modification of the original boundary, restored to become a state. Figure Lingen Bang Prime List 1.1920 Year - 1921: Arnold Paulssen (German Democratic Party) 2.1921 Year - 1923: August Frölich (German Social Democratic Party) 3 1924 - 1928:. Richard Leutheußer (German People's Party) (dissolved) 4 1928 - 1929:. Karl Riedel (German People's Party) (dissolved) 5.1929 年: Arnold Paulssen (German Democratic Party) 6, 1930 - 1932:. Erwin Baum (German Peasant Party) (dissolved) 7 1932 - 1933:. Fritz Sauckel (National Socialist German Workers Party) (ie, the Nazi Party) 8, 1933 - 1945:. Willy Marschler (National Socialist German Workers Party) (ie, the Nazi Party) 9.1945 年: Hermann Brill (German Social Democratic Party) 10 1945 - 1947:. Rudolf Paul (initially non-partisan, and then joined the German Free Democratic Party) 11.1947 Year - 1952: Werner Eggerath (Socialist Unity Party of Germany) 12.1990 - 1992: Josef Duchac (German Christian Democratic Union) 13.1992 - 2003: Bernhard Vogel (the German Christian Democratic Union) 14 by the beginning of 2003: Dieter Althaus (German Christian Democratic Union)
Translated by Google
Geography
Thuringia clockwise from the north boundary of several cases, including Lower Saxony, Saxony - Anhalt, Saxony, Bavaria and Hesse. States in the major cities, including Erfurt (20 million), Glasgow (11 million), Jena (10.3 million), Weimar (64000), Gotha (50,000 people), Sur (4.67 million ), Nordhausen (Nordhausen) (4.5 million) and Eisenach (4.42 million). Thuringia's most famous landforms are located in the southwestern part of the state Thuringian Forest (Thüringer Wald), in southern Thuringia has a narrow mountain range, which extends from northwest to southeast, the famous Thuringian Forest on the distribution here, dense forests occupy statewide area of 1/3. A small portion of the northwest including the Harz Mountains. Eastern plains are generally. Saale river flows from south to north through the film plain. Rich in wheat and sugar beet in the land fertile basin of Thuringia, Erfurt, the capital of the surrounding places planting flowers and vegetables.
Translated by Google
History
Thuringia Thuringia who is named in this _set_tlement in the third century AD, and Thuringia in the sixth century by the Frankish rule, become part of the future of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1247 the Earl of extinction ruled this land and Thuringia Succession War (1247 -1264 years), the western half of Thuringia Hesse became independent, never failed once again become part of Thuringia. Most of the remaining portion of Thuringia by the Meissen near Vidin fan in the country's ruling dynasty, is the core of the Duchy of Saxony and later the Kingdom of Saxony. With Vidin dynasty split in 1485, Ernst Thuringia by the Department of inheritance, followed according to Saxon tradition, divided inheritance rights in a male heir, the land subdivided into a series of nations, they are Vidin Family En Siting Department of various nations. They include Saxony - Weimar, Saxony - Eisenach, Saxony - Jena, Saxony - Meiningen, Saxony - Altenburg, Saxe - Coburg and Saxony - Gotha. "Thuringia" only became a geographical concept. In 1806, Napoleon led the Confederation of the Rhine, the beginning of a number of territorial changes, and (1814-15 years) in the establishment of the German Confederation meeting in Vienna and determined. German Empire in Figure 林根邦 countries, including the so-called Saxony - Weimar - Eisenach, Saxony - Meiningen, Saxony - Altenburg, Saxony - Coburg - Gotha and other countries. In a post-war Weimar Republic in 1920, the state of these fine points merged into one state, called Thuringia; was only Saxe - Coburg voted to join Bavaria. Weimar became the new capital of Thuringia. In July 1945, the Soviet occupation of Thuringia, Saxony and Prussia to absorb, such as Erfurt, Mel Stockhausen (Mühlhausen) and North Stockhausen and other ranges. Erfurt became the new capital of Thuringia. In 1952, the German Democratic Republic to dissolve its state points, and the organization of administrative regions (Bezirke) instead. Three districts Erfurt, Gera and Suhl in Thuringia carve up the territory. In 1990, when East and West Germany unified, Thuringia border after a slight modification to a state of recovery.
Translated by Google
Administrative divisions (Landkreise)
Thuringia is divided into 17 counties: Altenburg County (Altenburger Land) 艾希斯费尔德 County (Eichsfeld) Gotha County (Gotha) Greiz County (Greiz) Hildburghausen County (Hildburghausen) Illm County (Ilm-Kreis) Keefe Hausser County (Kyffhäuserkreis) Nordhausen County (Nordhausen) Saale - Hall Cilan County (Saale-Holzland) Saale - Orla County (Saale-Orla) Saalfeld - 鲁多尔施塔特 County (Saalfeld-Rudolstadt) 施马卡尔登 - Meiningen County (Schmalkalden-Meiningen) Se Moda County (Sömmerda) Songnabeige County (Sonneberg) Weng West Beirut - Hainich County (Unstrut-Hainich) Wartburg County (Wartburgkreis) Weimar County (Weimarer Land) In addition there are six independent states into the city, does not belong to any region: Eisenach (Eisenach) Erfurt (Erfurt) Gera (Gera) Jena (Jena) Sur (Suhl) Weimar (Weimar)
Translated by Google
Economy
Thuringia industrial Jena Carl Zeiss optics company, Jena glass and Eisenach car plant and famous. Minde period Zeiss Jena optical instruments industry in Germany after unification into two companies, one new Zeiss Jena company, which produces traditional optical products such as binoculars, microscopes; Another is the industrial center of Jena This is a state owned enterprise, its 51% stake in the company purchased the former West Germany. As the center of the automotive industry in the GDR period Eisenach mainly produces "Wartburg" brand cars, after the reunification of Germany, the brand of car is no longer produced. In the German Opel car company established a factory, where now only produce Opel cars. In addition to the optical industry and the automotive industry, the household handmade toys Thuringia is also famous in the world. Besides the economic structure of Thuringia after the reunification of Germany conducted a thorough adjustment, machinery manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, microelectronics, ceramics and other industrial and environmental technology to become the state's promising industries.
Translated by Google
Culture
Thuringia in addition to attractive natural scenery, but its many medieval towns called a veritable cultural mecca. Walter Castle is Martin Luther translated the German "Bible" of the place. Noble residence, the capital of Erfurt's old town, churches and monasteries, row upon row, called the open-air museum of architectural art. The historic city of Weimar is a German classical writers gathered in the land, the contribution of Martin Luther, Cranach, Bach of Weimar are very remarkable. Writer Wieland, Goethe, Herder and Schiller lived in this, they laid the foundation for the Weimar reputation. In 1919, the Weimar Constitution in this passage, was born first in the history of the German Federal Republic of Germany - Weimar Republic. In Weimar, there is a "University of Art" Now it has become a German art, handicrafts and technical solution for the integration of the teaching sites. In Germany, Thuringia known as the hometown of music, there are a large number of theaters, the Opera House. 1685, Bach was born in Eisenach, a branch of a very wide spectrum of musical family. Since the 17th century, the musical instrument manufacturing industry occupies an important position in Thuringia and 马克瑙基尔 Hing Klingenthal two. Catholic church music is born here.
Translated by Google
Thuringia governor list
1,1920 years - 1921: Arnold Paulssen (German Democratic Party) 2,1921 years - 1923: August Frölich (German Social Democratic Party) 3,1924 years - 1928: Richard Leutheußer (German People's Party) (dissolved) 4,1928 years - 1929: Karl Riedel (German People's Party) (dissolved) 5,1929 years: Arnold Paulssen (German Democratic Party) 6,1930 years - 1932: Erwin Baum (German Peasant Party) (dissolved) 7,1932 years - 1933: Fritz Sauckel (National Socialist German Workers Party) (ie, the Nazi Party) 8,1933 years - 1945: Willy Marschler (National Socialist German Workers Party) (ie, the Nazi Party) 9,1945 years: Hermann Brill (German Social Democratic Party) 10,1945 Year - 1947: Rudolf Paul (initially non-partisan, and then joined the German Free Democratic Party) 11,1947 Year - 1952: Werner Eggerath (Socialist Unity Party of Germany) 12,1990 - 1992: Josef Duchac (German Christian Democratic Union) 13,1992 - 2003: Bernhard Vogel (German Christian Democratic Union) 14, starting from 2003: Dieter Althaus (German Christian Democratic Union)
Weimar