India West Coast's largest port and industrial and commercial city. Population 15.1 million (1995). Natural deep water port. Industrial development, the country's largest cotton textile center, as well as wool, machinery, aircraft manufacturing and other industries. China's first atomic reactor and a nuclear power station. Transport hub, with Santa Cruz International Airport. Tourism and film production industry is developed.
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Travel
Mumbai best time to travel: October to next March is the best season to travel. April 6 month or summer period, from 6 months to September as the monsoon period, rainfall and more storms big, God is not like the trip to the island lined. However, in August when a grand Xangsane Mumbai festival. Folk Festivals in Mumbai: National Day: January 26 Shiva held in March each year 2,3 night, the evening will be fasting, dance, vigils, prayers and other ceremonies. Each year in July, August between the various parts of India are held Krishna's birthday celebration. Between August-September each year, held all over India will be willing to Nigeria Xu festival, one of the most bustling Mumbai, western India. Independence Day: August 15 Outram Festival (onam) - around September each year, held in the Kerala region. Outram Festival is an important festival of Kerala, festive period, are held in many parts of the snake boat race, and martial arts competitions, and decorated with colorful procession of elephants team. Nine Nights Festival (navaratri, nine nights) Each year, about 9 ~ 10 months between the various parts of India are held for 10 days and 9 nights of celebration. The festival, in addition to the Hindu goddess worship, but also celebrate the harvest ceremony. Diwali (Di Wali divati or Deepak Valley dipavati) Diwali, festival of 29 days held in Da Sela, about 11 months each year between October. Mumbai City Map: Mumbai Food: Mumbai is India's food center, the restaurant features a variety of dishes and can be found here. From five-star hotel attached to the fine dining restaurant, chef to the famous night market, "Bada - Mia", everywhere can enjoy this delicacy. If you are a people who love to eat supper, I suggest you may wish to try the local roadside stalls, there was a dish called halal meat, called a major feature. In addition, the best restaurants can be La, is a company called "Nanjing," the Chinese restaurant, supply juicy, plump steamed crabs and fried lobster. The Bombay curry rice, fried poori bread and lobster mixed with spicy boiled pattias material must not be missed. Indians in the diet, also have their unique feature. Very different approach to such as vegetables, they like the vegetables are ground into a gooey, green or yellow color green. When eating, if it is Nang, tearing off a piece, then dip a hand to eat food after ambiguous (this is called hand pilaf), if it is rice, put the dishes ambiguous poured on it, stirring after eating (generally spoon), and of course Chinese food taste different. Indians need to talk about eating problems by hand, have long heard that India and Pakistan who are on the left hand to clean the toilet, so when they eat only the right hand, shook hands with others if you are left out , that is a lack of respect for each other. However, a Shredded Nang alone is more demanding, so I want to live in India, we must first adapt their eating habits. Shopping in Mumbai: Mumbai is India's largest commercial city, where you can buy all the products in India. Jufan cotton, silk, silk and other fiber products, traditional Indian hand dyed fabrics and hand woven materials, unique prints, sari and suit materials are now available. Special products, most women welcomed the gold and silver embroidery, soft Phi bag, leather slippers and gemstones. Specialty products for men's suit jacket Zeyi the most popular raw silk material. Victorian train station to the north, is Mumbai's largest shopping markets, mainly the sale of fruits, vegetables, fish, flowers, clothes and so on. This market was built in 1867, is the main shopping in Mumbai by the public, visitors can glimpse the public and street vendors in Mumbai trading. Mumbai Transportation: Aircraft Flights flying Bangkok, Colombo, Calcutta, Madras, Hyderabad. Mumbai International Airport is located 35 kilometers northeast from the Domestic Airport is approximately a few kilometers. From the airport to the city airport buses and frequent, about 1 hour. Train Mumbai Central Railway Station (New Delhi travelers to get off on this), Victoria train station (to Kolkata, Varanasi, Madras, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Cochin passengers get on and off on this) and in to reach the outskirts of the train station (to Goa on and off of passengers on this.) Take a train from Delhi to Mumbai to be 18-32 hours. Another one currency areas and the outskirts of contact electrification train. Coach Long-distance bus station is located in Mumbai, central railway station, a bus straight Dao Langa Bud and Panaji Goa, Maer Gang and other places. Steamship Flight from Mumbai to Goa, 22 hours, but only in October of each year to the following May shipping. Local Transportation Urban areas have a bus (a red double-decker bus), electric trains, taxis and transport. Accommodation Mumbai: Mumbai is India's most Westernized city, so the hotel facilities and services, sound and thoughtful, but in recent years, the tourism industry developed, so luxury hotels are often insufficient to use, want to stay to be an early appointment. As for the general hotel guests during the tourist season particularly when groups must also be an early appointment. ramada palm grove Location: 10 km from the international airport, 06 km from the domestic airport and 04 km from the railway station. Address: juhu beach, mumbai. Pc. 400049, maharashtra. jwmarriott Location: 10 km from the international airport, 06 km from the domestic airport and 04 km from the railway station. Address: juhu tara road, mumbai. Pc. 400049, maharashtra. Mumbai is located in western India, the Arab coast, is India's largest city, is the capital of Maharashtra, an area of 603 square kilometers, a population of about 14 million. It is near the Arabian Sea, is a natural harbor, known as India's "western gateway", is an important base for the Indian Navy in India's political, economic, financial, military and culture play an important role in all aspects. Mumbai is the gateway to the west coast of India, is India's largest commercial center, is also an important cultural center, also in the world renowned. Mumbai, a section of downtown ... hundred years ago, Mumbai was originally a high in the small village of fishermen families, and now, this unknown village actually developed into the world top ten cities. "Bombay" is a protection that comes from the local fishermen Goddess "mumbadevi" or "mumbai"; one that comes from Portuguese "bombahia" (meaning a good port.) Early 16th century, Sultan of Gujarat ceded to the Portuguese colonists here. In 1911, it was given as a dowry of Princess of Portugal to England. Bombay was originally seven islands, the British took over the project after the Daxing, so even as a peninsula, and the establishment of the castle and port. The famous "Gateway of India" (gate of india) is Jinian Ying King George V visited India in 1911 built on this land. This can be like a boat to the island within the Gulf, where there are caves during the 7th century temple, dedicated to the Hindu, one of the three gods "destroyed God" Shiva. Mumbai is one of Indian film industry center, known as "film city" of the base is quite prestigious location. Mumbai is known as "cotton Hong Kong," said the center of the whole Indian textile industry, cotton industry developed famous for its sand and textile machine spindles one-third of the country's total number of annual produce large amounts of cotton yarn, cotton, marketing throughout India, Southeast Asia and Europe and the United States. Meanwhile, the Mumbai film is also very well developed, located in the country where the majority of film studios, it is also "India's Broadway," the name. In Mumbai, you can see a variety of ethnic, international flavor is very strong. Those from Europe and the Middle East often gathered in the streets of Mumbai to talk party or restaurant, very busy. Meanwhile, the local color is also very strong in India, forming the sharp contrast between East and West, which is the most prominent feature of Mumbai.
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No. 3
Mumbai (Maratha language: मुंबई, Muṃbaī, / mumbəi /, English: Mumbai; 1995 years ago in the old language called Mara: बॉम्बे, English: Bombay), India's cities, Maharashtra, India capital. Mumbai city population of about 13 million, the metropolitan area in September 2007 reached 2,340 million, is India's most populous city, is the world's most populous cities. Including the neighboring suburb of Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR) population of about 25 million. Mumbai is ranked sixth in the world of the metropolitan area. Since the annual average population growth rate of 2.2%, 2015, the population of Mumbai metropolitan area ranking will rise to fourth in the world. Mumbai, Maharashtra Bangxi located off the coast of Somer_set_ Island, Hans Eichel, facing the Arabian Sea. The city has a natural deep water port, the port take more than half of India's passenger traffic, cargo throughput is quite large. Mumbai is India's commercial and entertainment capital, with major financial institutions, such as the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE), India's National Stock Exchange (NSE) and the headquarters of many Indian companies. The city is India's Hindi film industry (known as Bollywood) base camp. Because of its vast business opportunities, and relatively high living standards, Mumbai has attracted migrants from all over India, making the city a variety of social groups and cultural hodgepodge. Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminal and has Elephanta Caves and other number of world cultural heritage, is still very rare within the municipal boundaries of a National Park (Sanjay Gandhi National Park) in the city. Name The name originated in Mumbai, Hindu goddess Mengba (मुंब, one embodiment of mountain goddess, the patron saint of fishermen) of the Maratha language name. 16th century, when the Portuguese arrived in the region, they give this place a lot of names from the final fixed Bombaim, in today's Portuguese is still commonly used. Empire in the 17th Century Ji Daying owns the land, the names are English based, called Bombay, but in the Maratha language and is known as Mumbai or Gujarat Mambai, in Hindi, Urdu and Persian called Bambai (बम्बई). In 1995, the city's name was officially changed to मुम्बई (Mumbai), but some residents in the city formerly known as Bombay is still widely used and well-known institutions. History Rise Mumbai is now beginning a group of seven islands islands, known as the seven islands of Mumbai. In northern Mumbai, man-made objects found in these islands since the Stone Age show has inhabited. The earliest written record dates back to 250 BC, the ancient Greeks came here referred to here as "sea thin Daai Mejia" (Heptanesia), which means "seven island." 3rd century BC, these islands are a part of Maurya, Emperor Asoka by the Buddhist rule. Later, Hill Sahara Hindu dynasty ruled the islands until the 1343 annexation by the Kingdom of the Muslims of Gujarat. Islands, some of the most ancient buildings - Elephanta Caves and China Park Shiva temple complex dates back to this period. The colonial era December 23, 1534, the Portuguese received from the hands of Gujarat Sudan 巴哈杜尔沙 these islands. June 23, 1661, Portugal, King Charles II of England married Princess Catherine, these islands as a dowry given to the United Kingdom. September 1668, these islands has been leased to the British East India Company, the annual rent of 10 pounds. The island's east coast in the construction of deep-water port, they come to the South Asian subcontinent as the first port of call. Rapid growth of urban population, from 10,000 in 1661, an increase of 60,000 to 1675; 1687, the British East India Company moved its headquarters from Surat Mumbai. The city eventually became the headquarters of Bombay. From 1817 onwards, the city conducted a large-scale transformation, this group of islands large civil engineering combined into a chunk. The reclamation project known as Hornby, completed in 1845, leading to surge in urban area several times, reaching 438 square kilometers. 1853, connecting Mumbai and Thane railway traffic, which is India's first passenger railway line. In the United States during the Civil War (1861 -1865), the Bombay to become the world's premier cotton trading market, bringing the city's economic prosperity. Soon, with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, Mumbai city has become more important position as one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea. In the subsequent three decades, the city grew into a major urban centers, stimulating the city's infrastructure improvements and a number of agencies beefing buildings. In 1906, the city's population swelled to 100 million, were printed degree second only to Calcutta. As the capital of Bombay, it is also a major base for India's independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India in 1942, is the way most prominent sports events. After independence After India's independence in 1947, the city became the state capital Mumbai. In 1950, the city extended to the existing boundaries, merging the northern part of the island _Set_h Salmond. In 1955, the Indian states began to restructure in accordance with the language, Mumbai, Gujarat and Maratha states who requested that the state is divided into two linguistic states of Maharashtra and Gujarat, while for Mumbai City have had a serious dispute ownership, a view which is the city for a separate autonomous city state. Maratha people insist that the capital of Maharashtra in Mumbai to become, this even led to massive unrest and bloodshed. Although the ultimate success of their protest, but during which there had been 105 people killed by police fire tragedy. May 1, 1960, to Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra state was proclaimed. Skyline in the late 1970s, to replace Calcutta as India Mumbai's most populous city, building prosperity, large numbers of immigrant inflows. Established in 1966, Shiva said the military party to defend the "sons of the soil" (Maharashtra locals) rights. In 1992, the city after sectarian violence in the large-scale, long-term social structure is torn, causing extensive loss of life and property. A few months later, on March 12, Mumbai underworld in the manufacture of several city landmarks, the 1993 Mumbai bombings, about 300 people were killed. November 22, 1995, from Lord Shiva's ruling military party government of Maharashtra to implement the change history of the colonial system left over from the name of the policy to the city's name from Bombay was renamed Mumbai. In 2006, in Mumbai, the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings, several nearly simultaneous bomb explosions in Mumbai suburban trains, killing more than 200 people were killed. Geography Mumbai has an area of 437.77 square kilometers, is located outside the west coast of India Thalben Somer_set_ Island, near the Arabian Sea. The average elevation of most parts of Mumbai, 10 to 15 meters, of which Mumbai undulating terrain north of the city's highest point of the high 450 meters. Mumbai, the supply of drinking water sources are five lakes, including three lakes located within the boundaries of metropolitan areas, this three lakes have two in the Sanjay Gandhi National Park. Mumbai there are three small rivers, originate in the national park. The city is very tortuous coastline, jagged, so have many of the harbor. _Set_h in the east coast Salmond, large tracts of mangrove swamps are covered with extremely rich biological diversity. There are 2 beaches on the West Coast, known as Bertie Pearl Beach Lake Beach and coke. As close to the ocean, covering the main urban area of soil to sand. In the suburbs, covering the impact of the soil are mainly soil, very fertile. The region's underground rock composed of black Deccan basalt, and its pH can be traced to the early Late Cretaceous and Tertiary geological era. Mumbai is located in seismically active zone. The area is classified as three types of areas, means that the next outbreak may be a magnitude 6.5 magnitude earthquake. Mumbai is classified as a metropolis in India, Mumbai, in a large municipality's management, under two separate areas - urban and rural areas, respectively, as Maharashtra two separate areas. Typically, urban areas, also known as the island city of Mumbai. Climate Because the tropics, near the Arabian Sea, the city's climate can be divided into two main seasons - the wet season and dry season. Between the wet season between March and October, is characterized by high humidity, temperatures over 30 ° C. Between June and September, the monsoon brings to the city abundant rainfall, the city's annual rainfall accounted for more than half of 2,200 mm. The city's largest annual rainfall 3,452 mm (1954). The highest daily rainfall of 944 mm (July 26, 2005). Between the dry season between November and February, is characterized by moderate humidity, air temperature warm or cool. In January and February, cool north wind makes the city a slight chill. The annual temperature range is usually 11 ° C to 38 ° C between. The highest recorded temperature is 43.3 ° C, minimum temperature was 7.4 ° C (1962 年 1 22). Economy Mumbai contributes 10% of all workers in India posts 40% income tax, tariffs of 60%, the central excise tax levy 20%, 40% of India's foreign trade, and 400 billion rupees (90 billion U.S. dollars) community tax. Many Indian financial institutions headquartered in South Mumbai, including the Bombay Stock Exchange, Reserve Bank of India, National Stock Exchange of India, Government of India Mint. Many foreign banks and financial institutions have also _set_ up branches in the region. Until the 1980s, Mumbai's prosperity is heavily dependent on textile mills and the harbor, but the local economy has become diversified to include engineering, diamond polishing, healthcare and information technology. The identity of the state capital Mumbai as a means state and federal government employees in the city account for a significant proportion of the labor force. Mumbai also has a large number of unskilled and semi-skilled labor force, largely rely on as hawkers, taxi drivers, mechanics and other blue-collar occupation to make a living. Port and shipping industry employs, directly or indirectly, a large number of residents. Entertainment industry is another major employer in Mumbai. India's most important television and satellite networks and major publishers will be headquartered in Mumbai. The center of Hindi film industry Bollywood, with its largest studios are also located in Mumbai. Maratha language film industry based in Mumbai also. As India's commercial capital Mumbai, India and the rest of it, to witness since the 1991 economic liberalization, finance, information technology, exports, services and business process outsourcing boom. Mumbai's middle class to benefit most in this prosperity, and promote the consumption boom followed. Administration City officials Mayor 舒布哈罗尔 March 10, 2007 Services Officer Johnny Joseph February 29, 2004 Safety Executive 德汉南杰加德 Huff March 7, 2007 Hanni Ya sheriff 维杰帕特辛 2005, December 19 County Tax Long 马赫施帕塔克 - Mumbai municipal authorities by the big city (BMC) for management, executive power belongs to municipal officials, appointed by the Maharashtra government. Municipal administrative bodies, including 24 of the 227 directly elected members, five members generated by the recommendation, and an honorary mayor. Metropolitan District and municipal authorities manage a number of matters related to public demand. A deputy municipal officials overseeing various administrative regions. Almost all political parties in Maharashtra in the city elections. Metropolitan areas, including the two counties of Maharashtra (Mumbai city and Mumbai suburban), each county shall have a length of the county tax, management, and tax the property of the federal government, and held in the city to oversee election. Mumbai police Chief Executive by a security command, is divided into seven police districts and 17 traffic police zones, each police district led by a Deputy Safety Executive. Mumbai traffic police attributed to the police station, the implementation of semi-autonomous management. Mumbai is the seat of the Bombay High Court, the Court's management authority to state of Maharashtra, Goa and Daman and Diu, Dadra - Nagar Haveli union territories. The city in the Indian Parliament has six seats in the Maharashtra Assembly has 34 seats. Traffic Due to lack of car parking spaces, traffic congestion and road conditions are generally poor (especially in the rainy season), most of the Mumbai residents rely on public transportation to work. The city is the headquarters of two railway companies - the Central Railway Company, based in Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminal (formerly Victoria terminus, one of India's busiest train station); and Western Railway Corporation, headquartered near the church door. The city transport spine, Mumbai suburban railway was originally built in March 1853, the British built in India, the first railway, the oldest in Asia is also a railway. The railway system consists of three north-south through the city to form a separate network, according to the geographical distribution of population, the location of the construction and commercial areas, constitute a large volume of Mumbai main mode of transport. Mumbai suburban railway passengers in its use of the degree of high density in particular is known. Western railway companies operating in the west of the city, while the central railway companies cover the central and northeast metropolitan area. Lines are extended to the outer regions, the total length of about 125 km. Harbour line is a suburb of the Central Railway's line, up to 54 km along the southeastern part of the city, near the dock, and extends to the new Mumbai. Mumbai, India by rail and most parts of India have convenient connections. The Mumbai Metro project, 17.5 km 20 stations. Bus powered by the municipal transport company in Mumbai (BEST) operations, almost covering the entire metropolitan area, and the new part of Mumbai and Thane. For the short bus transportation, the train is more economical for long distance transport. BEST bus fleet from single, double-decker bus, and air-conditioned car components. Black and yellow taxis can carry four passengers with luggage, cover most of the metropolitan area. Auto-rickshaws running only in the suburbs is where the major transport form. These three-wheeled vehicles can accommodate three passengers. Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport is the busiest airport in India, operating cargo and international flights, while operating domestic flights and the airport, Santa Cruz is the first Terminal. Pearl Lake near the airport is India's first airport, now act as a flying club and heliport. Because of its unique topography, Mumbai has one of the world's best natural harbors, assume 50% of the country's passenger and freight transport in a large share. There is also an important base for the Indian Navy. From the ferry terminal can be equipped with cheap ferry to the region's islands and beaches. Utilities The city government responsible for the supply of drinking water, mostly from Tulsi Lake and dimensional Haar Lake, and a few lakes further north. Du has Asia's largest in the class water filtration plant. The Government is also responsible for the city's road maintenance and garbage collection. Almost all of Mumbai's garbage every day (7,800 tonnes) were shipped to the northwest of the fruit Lai, Mu Longde northeast, and east of the De Aona the rubbish dump. Sewage treatment and in Kosovo in Bandera for. Urban electricity supply by the public transport company in Mumbai (BEST) is responsible for supply, in the suburbs by Ryan Rice, Tata Group and the Maharashtra Power Limited. Most of the city's electricity comes from hydropower and nuclear power. The largest telephone service provider is established Mahan state Naga Telephone Company Limited (MTNL), in the year 2000 monopoly fixed-line and mobile services. Covering a wide range of mobile phones, the main service provider is Orange, airport hotel company, BPL group, Reliance Telecom and Tata Telecom Rice. GSM and CDMA services in the city can be used. Broadband network in the city is growing, MTNL and Tata Group company is a major service providers. Population Statistics Mumbai has 18 million population, population density of about 29,000 people per square kilometer. Female ratio was 1000:811 - higher than the national average, due to many men to leave the country to find work here. The city-wide literacy rate of over 86%, higher than the national average. Mumbai's religious beliefs, including Hinduism (68% of the population), Islam (17% of the population), Christianity and Buddhism (4%, respectively). The rest belong to Zoroastrianism, Jainism, Sikhism, Judaism and atheism. According to the 1991 census, the nation has Maratha Mumbai (42%), Gujarat (18%), North Indians (21%), Tamils (3%), faith people (3 %) and so on. According to their size of cities, Mumbai's crime rate is moderate. 2004 reported 27,577 criminal cases in Mumbai, compared with 30,991 in 2001, down from 11%. The city's main prison Arthur Road prison. Like Mumbai and other Indian cities, there are many people who know several languages. The official language of Maharashtra Maratha language widely used on the street is also a popular form of Hindi as a spoken language - Mumbai cavity (Bambaiya), which is a Hindi and Maratha , English and some invented colloquial words people are mixed. English is widely used, is the city's white-collar workers, the main language used. Most of the Indian languages of the population in Mumbai have been used to varying degrees; one of the most widely used is the language of Gujarat, Ena German and Tamil. Year Population 1661 10.000 1675 60.000 1764 100.000 1780 114.000 1806 200.000 1814 240.000 1830 229.000 1845 500.000 1864 816.562 1872 644.605 1881 773.196 1891 821.764 Year Population 1901 812.912 1911 1.018.388 1921 1.244.934 1931 1.268.936 1941 1.686.127 1951 2.966.902 1961 4.152.056 1971 5.970.575 1981 8.227.382 1991 9.925.891 2001 11.914.398 2006 12.883.645 People and Culture Mumbai train station many residents choose to live close to easy access to the workplace, because every day to spend a lot of time on the road. So many people live fast-paced, with little time engaged in social activities. Mumbai residents celebrate Indian and Western festivals 用高音喇叭. Metropolitan area has its own local roadside fast food tastes, including the Wada Puff (fluffy bread, split half, fill fried dumpling), Penny Puri (deep fried crêpe and tamarind and lentil sauce), Pa Fubu Haji (fluffy bread with fried vegetables) and Buch Puri (popcorn mixture), and southern India and Chinese cuisine are very popular. Residents in the culinary world, music, film and literature have their own unique taste, both in India are also international. In 2004, Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji terminus, Elephanta Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian film (July 7, 1896 in the first film shot in India), was originally a silent film, and later added in the 20th century Maratha language dialogue - India's oldest film dubbing . Mumbai is also proud of the large number of cinemas, including Asia's largest IMAX dome theater, play a leading role in this is Bollywood, Maratha language and Hollywood movies. Many film festivals will be busy for a year. In addition to meet the fans, the city has a thriving theatrical tradition (including the local language and English Drama Theatre). Government investment in contemporary art galleries and private commercial galleries have been a very good performance. Museum of government investment, including the Jahangir Art Gallery and National Gallery of Modern Art. Asiatic Society of Bombay, was built in 1833, is the city's oldest public libraries. The city also has most of the high-rise buildings in India. The Prince of Wales's most famous museum is the Museum and Gandhi Museum. Mumbai is India's largest number of sex workers in cities. Although prostitution illegal, Mumbai still has the largest and one of the most densely red-light district - 卡马提普拉. Mumbai sister cities are: Country City Name _set_up time St. Petersburg, Russia 1963 Yokohama, Japan, June 26, 1965 Stuttgart, Germany, March 30, 1968 Los Angeles June 1, 1972 Izmir, Turkey March 13, 1997 Karachi, Pakistan, May 8, 2008 London 2008 Media Mumbai has many newspapers, television and radio stations. More popular English language newspaper published locally in Mumbai with "The Times of India" and "Indian Express" and so on. Maratha language newspapers have "Luo Shata" (Loksatta), "sakar" (Sakaal) and the "Maharashtra Times." In addition, there are other Indian languages published by the newspaper. Mumbai also has the oldest newspaper in India - "Mumbai News", 1822, published in English language and only use Gujarat. In 1832, the first Maratha language newspapers also born in Mumbai. Flow gate national television broadcasting company provides two free terrestrial channels, while the three major cable television services, most of the family, the more popular channels, including Zee Marathi, DD Sahyadri, Zee TV, Star plus (Star) which four channels and a number of news channels. Through cable television, Mumbai households receive more than 100 television channels, most of them made in order to meet the city's polyglot of the public. Many metropolitan areas in the center of international media companies. Mumbai has 9 radio stations, six radio with the FM band, 3 band radio with AM radio. Education Under the 10 +2 +3 educational system, students need to first accept Mumbai 10 years of primary and secondary education too, and then enter the 2-year colleges, where they _select_ one from the three main areas: arts, business or science. Then the learning in a particular area or an integrated curriculum, or learning a curriculum, such as law, engineering, and medicine. Most of the city colleges are affiliated to the University of Mumbai, so to graduate students, the University is one of the largest universities in the world. India, in Mumbai there is one of the most important Institute of Technology - Bombay, Indian Institute of Technology campus, and the SNDT Women's University. Mumbai has India's two major research institutions - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Association (TIFR), and bou bou Atomic Research Centre (BARC). Sports Like other parts of India, cricket is a sport most popular in Mumbai. Cricket all over the city is usually on the playground. Backyard Cricket Cricket is a modified form of narrow alleys in the city carried out particularly common on Sunday. Mumbai is also the birth of several internationally renowned cricket player, belonging to the Indian Cricket Board (BCCI). The city of great concern to the international cricket, when India's cricket team to participate in an important game a few days, the city virtually came to a standstill. The city a total of 2 international cricket stadium: million grams and the German Stadium and Bulaiboen Stadium. Mumbai, the local cricket team is the country's top domestic cricket tournament one of the strongest competitors. Overall, the popularity of football in Mumbai although not as West Bengal, Kerala and Goa, but in the long rainy season, unable to carry out other outdoor sports, football in Mumbai is also a popular sport . In Mumbai, the World Cup is one of the most watched programs. India's national sport hockey is a sharp decline in recent years, losing in the popularity of cricket terms, though many Mumbai players in the national team. Mainly in the many other sports clubs and arena, which include lawn tennis, squash, billiards, badminton, table tennis and golf. Mumbai is also the football game, for the sport in India very few cities in the world. February each year, held in Mumbai in Mahathir's Jockey Club racetrack Brahimi, have aroused wide public concern, there will be many people involved in high fashion clothing. Other sports such as volleyball and basketball are popular in large and medium primary school. Since 2004, sponsored by Standard Chartered Bank in Mumbai hold an annual marathon of activities aimed at promoting mass sport in India.
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Name
The name originated in Mumbai, Hindu goddess Mengba (मुंब, one embodiment of mountain goddess, the patron saint of fishermen) of the Maratha language name. 16th century, when the Portuguese arrived in the region, they give this place a lot of names from the final fixed Bombaim, in today's Portuguese is still commonly used. Empire in the 17th Century Ji Daying owns the land, the names are English based, called Bombay, but in the Maratha language and is known as Mumbai or Gujarat Mambai, in Hindi, Urdu and Persian called Bambai (बम्बई). In 1995, the city's name was officially changed to मुम्बई (Mumbai), but some residents in the city formerly known as Bombay is still widely used and well-known institutions.
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History of the rise of
Seven islands of Bombay is now Mumbai, originally formed by a group of seven island archipelago, known as the seven islands of Mumbai. In northern Mumbai, man-made objects found in these islands since the Stone Age show has inhabited. The earliest written record dates back to 250 BC, the ancient Greeks came here referred to here as "sea thin Daai Mejia" (Heptanesia), which means "seven island." 3rd century BC, these islands are a part of Maurya, Emperor Asoka by the Buddhist rule. Later, Hill Sahara Hindu dynasty ruled the islands until the 1343 annexation by the Kingdom of the Muslims of Gujarat. Islands, some of the most ancient buildings - Elephanta Caves and China Park Shiva temple complex dates back to this period.
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The colonial era
December 23, 1534, the Portuguese received from the hands of Gujarat Sudan 巴哈杜尔沙 these islands. June 23, 1661, Portugal, King Charles II of England married Princess Catherine, these islands as a dowry given to the United Kingdom. September 1668, these islands has been leased to the British East India Company, the annual rent of 10 pounds. The island's east coast in the construction of deep-water port, they come to the South Asian subcontinent as the first port of call. Rapid growth of urban population, from 10,000 in 1661, an increase of 60,000 to 1675; 1687, the British East India Company moved its headquarters from Surat Mumbai. The city eventually became the headquarters of Bombay. From 1817 onwards, the city conducted a large-scale transformation, this group of islands large civil engineering combined into a chunk. The project known as Hornby reclamation, completed in 1845, leading to surge in urban area several times, reaching 438 square kilometers. 1853, connecting Mumbai and Thane railway traffic, which is India's first passenger railway line. In the United States during the Civil War (1861 -1865), the Bombay to become the world's premier cotton trading market, bringing the city's economic prosperity. Soon, with the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, Mumbai city has become more important position as one of the largest seaports on the Arabian Sea. In the subsequent three decades, the city grew into a major urban centers, stimulating the city's infrastructure improvements and a number of agencies beefing buildings. In 1906, the city's population swelled to 100 million, were printed degree second only to Calcutta. As the capital of Bombay, it is also a major base for India's independence movement, Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India in 1942, is the way most prominent sports events.
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After independence
After India's independence in 1947, the city became the state capital Mumbai. In 1950, the city extended to the existing boundaries, merging the northern part of the island _Set_h Salmond. In 1955, the Indian states began to restructure in accordance with the language, Mumbai, Gujarat and Maratha states who requested that the state is divided into two linguistic states of Maharashtra and Gujarat, while for Mumbai City have had a serious dispute ownership, a view which is the city for a separate autonomous city state. Maratha people insist that the capital of Maharashtra in Mumbai to become, this even led to massive unrest and bloodshed. Although the ultimate success of their protest, but during which there had been 105 people killed by police fire tragedy. May 1, 1960, to Mumbai is the capital of Maharashtra state was proclaimed. The late 1970s, to replace Calcutta as India Mumbai's most populous city, the construction industry is prosperous, a large number of immigrant inflows. Established in 1966, Shiva said the military party to defend the "sons of the soil" (Maharashtra locals) rights. In 1992, the city after sectarian violence in the large-scale, long-term social structure is torn, causing extensive loss of life and property. A few months later, on March 12, Mumbai underworld in the manufacture of several city landmarks, the 1993 Mumbai bombings, about 300 people were killed. November 22, 1995, from Lord Shiva's ruling military party government of Maharashtra to implement the change history of the colonial system left over from the name of the policy to the city's name from Bombay was renamed Mumbai. In 2006, in Mumbai, the 11 July 2006 Mumbai train bombings, several nearly simultaneous bomb explosions in Mumbai suburban trains, killing more than 200 people were killed. 26 November 2008 more than Mumbai terrorist attacks occurred, terrorist use of grenades and automatic rifles attacked the railway station in Mumbai, the Taj Mahal hotel and so many landmarks, resulting in 195 deaths and 300 injured.
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Geography
Mumbai has an area of 437.77 square kilometers, is located outside the west coast of India Thalben Somer_set_ Island, near the Arabian Sea. The average elevation of most parts of Mumbai, 10 to 15 meters, of which Mumbai undulating terrain north of the city's highest point of the high 450 meters. Mumbai, the supply of drinking water sources are five lakes, including three lakes located within the boundaries of metropolitan areas, this three lakes have two in the Sanjay Gandhi National Park. Mumbai there are three small rivers, originate in the national park. The city is very tortuous coastline, jagged, so have many of the harbor. _Set_h in the east coast Salmond, large tracts of mangrove swamps are covered with extremely rich biological diversity. There are 2 beaches on the West Coast, known as Bertie Pearl Beach Lake Beach and coke. As close to the ocean, covering the main urban area of soil to sand. In the suburbs, covering the impact of the soil are mainly soil, very fertile. The region's underground rock composed of black Deccan basalt, and its pH can be traced to the early Late Cretaceous and Tertiary geological era. Mumbai is located in seismically active zone. The area is classified as three types of areas, means that the next outbreak may be a magnitude 6.5 magnitude earthquake. Mumbai is classified as a metropolis in India, Mumbai, in a large municipality's management, under two separate areas - urban and rural areas, respectively, as Maharashtra two separate areas. Typically, urban areas, also known as the island city of Mumbai.
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Climate
Because the tropics, near the Arabian Sea, the city's climate can be divided into two main seasons - the wet season and dry season. Between the wet season between March and October, is characterized by high humidity, temperatures over 30 ° C. Between June and September, the monsoon brings to the city abundant rainfall, 2,200 mm annual rainfall accounted for the city's more than half. The city's largest annual rainfall 3,452 mm (1954). The highest daily rainfall of 944 mm (July 26, 2005). Between the dry season between November and February, is characterized by moderate humidity, air temperature warm or cool. In January and February, cool north wind makes the city a slight chill. The annual temperature range is usually 11 ° C to 38 ° C between. The highest recorded temperature is 43.3 ° C, minimum temperature was 7.4 ° C (1962 年 1 22).
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Economy
Mumbai contributes 10% of all workers in India posts 40% income tax, tariffs of 60%, the central excise tax levy 20%, 40% of India's foreign trade, and 400 billion rupees (90 billion U.S. dollars) community tax. Many Indian financial institutions headquartered in South Mumbai, including the Bombay Stock Exchange, Reserve Bank of India, National Stock Exchange of India, Government of India Mint. Many foreign banks and financial institutions have also _set_ up branches in the region. Until the 1980s, Mumbai's prosperity is heavily dependent on textile mills and the harbor, but the local economy has become diversified to include engineering, diamond polishing, healthcare and information technology. The identity of the state capital Mumbai as a means state and federal government employees in the city account for a significant proportion of the labor force. Mumbai also has a large number of unskilled and semi-skilled labor force, largely rely on as hawkers, taxi drivers, mechanics and other blue-collar occupation to make a living. Port and shipping industry employs, directly or indirectly, a large number of residents. Entertainment industry is another major employer in Mumbai. India's most important television and satellite networks and major publishers will be headquartered in Mumbai. The center of Hindi film industry Bollywood, with its largest studios are also located in Mumbai. Maratha language film industry based in Mumbai also. As India's commercial capital Mumbai, India and the rest of it to witness the 1991 financial and economic liberalization since the IT, export, service industry and prosperity. Mumbai's middle class to benefit in this prosperity, and promote the consumption boom followed. Mumbai, the annual production of cotton, cotton yarn sold in domestic and international, reputation in the Southeast Asian market. Mumbai is the world's largest textile exports to Hong Kong, the "cotton Hong Kong," said.
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Administration
Mumbai municipal authorities by the big city (BMC) for management, executive power belongs to municipal officials, appointed by the Maharashtra government. Municipal administrative bodies, including 24 of the 227 directly elected members, five members generated by the recommendation, and an honorary mayor. Metropolitan District and municipal authorities manage a number of matters related to public demand. A deputy municipal officials overseeing various administrative regions. Almost all political parties in Maharashtra in the city elections. Metropolitan areas, including the two counties of Maharashtra (Mumbai city and Mumbai suburban), each county shall have a length of the county tax, management, and tax the property of the federal government, and held in the city to oversee election. Mumbai police Chief Executive by a security command, is divided into seven police districts and 17 traffic police zones, each police district led by a Deputy Safety Executive. Mumbai traffic police attributed to the police station, the implementation of semi-autonomous management. Mumbai is the seat of the Bombay High Court, the Court's management authority to state of Maharashtra, Goa and Daman and Diu, Dadra - Nagar Haveli union territories. The city in the Indian Parliament has six seats in the Maharashtra Assembly has 34 seats. Traffic Due to lack of car parking spaces, traffic congestion and road conditions are generally poor (especially in the rainy season), most of the Mumbai residents rely on public transportation to work. The city is the headquarters of two railway companies - the Central Railway Company, based in Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminal (formerly Victoria terminus, one of India's busiest train station); and Western Railway Corporation, headquartered near the church door. The city transport spine, Mumbai suburban railway was originally built in March 1853, the British built in India, the first railway, the oldest in Asia is also a railway. The railway system consists of three north-south through the city to form a separate network, according to the geographical distribution of population, the location of the construction and commercial areas, constitute a large volume of Mumbai main mode of transport. Mumbai suburban railway passengers in its use of the degree of high density in particular is known. Western railway companies operating in the west of the city, while the central railway companies cover the central and northeast metropolitan area. Lines are extended to the outer regions, the total length of about 125 km. Harbour line is a suburb of the Central Railway's line, up to 54 km along the southeastern part of the city, near the dock, and extends to the new Mumbai. Mumbai, India by rail and most parts of India have convenient connections. Bus powered by the municipal transport company in Mumbai (BEST) operations, almost covering the entire metropolitan area, and the new part of Mumbai and Thane. For the short bus transportation, the train is more economical for long distance transport. BEST bus fleet from single, double-decker bus, and air-conditioned car components. Black and yellow taxis can carry four passengers with luggage, cover most of the metropolitan area. Auto-rickshaws running only in the suburbs is where the major transport form. These three-wheeled vehicles can accommodate three passengers. Mumbai's Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport is the busiest airport in India, operating cargo and international flights, domestic flights and airport operators Santa Cruz. Pearl Lake near the airport is India's first airport, now act as a flying club and heliport. Because of its unique topography, Mumbai has one of the world's best natural harbors, assume 50% of the country's passenger and freight transport in a large share. There is also an important base for the Indian Navy. From the ferry terminal can be equipped with cheap ferry to the region's islands and beaches. Utilities The city government responsible for the supply of drinking water, mostly from Tulsi Lake and dimensional Haar Lake, and a few lakes further north. Du has Asia's largest in the class water filtration plant. The Government is also responsible for the city's road maintenance and garbage collection. Almost all of Mumbai's garbage every day (7,800 tonnes) were shipped to the northwest of the fruit Lai, Mu Longde northeast, and east of the De Aona the rubbish dump. Sewage treatment and in Kosovo in Bandera for. Urban electricity supply by the public transport company in Mumbai (BEST) is responsible for supply, in the suburbs by Ryan Rice, Tata Group and the Maharashtra Power Limited. Most of the city's electricity comes from hydropower and nuclear power. The largest telephone service provider is established Mahan state Naga Telephone Company Limited (MTNL), in the year 2000 monopoly fixed-line and mobile services. Covering a wide range of mobile phones, the main service provider is Orange, airport hotel company, BPL group, Reliance Telecom and Tata Telecom Rice. GSM and CDMA services in the city can be used. Broadband network in the city is growing, MTNL and Tata Group company is a major service providers. Population Statistics Mumbai has 18 million population, population density of about 29,000 people per square kilometer. Female ratio was 1000:811 - higher than the national average, due to many men to leave the country to find work here. The city-wide literacy rate of over 86%, higher than the national average. Mumbai's religious beliefs, including Hinduism (68% of the population), Islam (17% of the population), Christianity and Buddhism (4%, respectively). The rest belong to Zoroastrianism, Jainism, Sikhism, Judaism and atheism. According to the 1991 census, the nation has Maratha Mumbai (42%), Gujarat (18%), North Indians (21%), Tamils (3%), faith people (3 %) and so on. According to their size of cities, Mumbai's crime rate is moderate. 2004 reported 27,577 criminal cases in Mumbai, compared with 30,991 in 2001, down from 11%. The city's main prison Arthur Road prison. Like Mumbai and other Indian cities, there are many people who know several languages. The official language of Maharashtra Maratha language widely used on the street is also a popular form of Hindi as a spoken language - Mumbai cavity (Bambaiya), which is a Hindi and Maratha , English and some invented colloquial words people are mixed. English is widely used, is the city's white-collar workers, the main language used. Most of the Indian languages of the population in Mumbai have been used to varying degrees; one of the most widely used is the language of Gujarat, Ena German and Tamil. People and Culture Mumbai train station many residents choose to live close to easy access to the workplace, because every day to spend a lot of time on the road. So many people live fast-paced, with little time engaged in social activities. Mumbai, India, and Mumbai residents celebrate Western festivals 用高音喇叭. Metropolitan area has its own local roadside fast food tastes, including the Wada Puff (fluffy bread, split half, fill fried dumpling), Penny Puri (deep fried crêpe and tamarind and lentil sauce), Pa Fubu Haji (fluffy bread with fried vegetables) and Buch Puri (popcorn mixture), and southern India and Chinese cuisine are very popular. Residents in the culinary world, music, film and literature have their own unique taste, both in India are also international. In 2004, Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji terminus, Elephanta Caves are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Mumbai is the birthplace of Indian film (July 7, 1896 in the first film shot in India), was originally a silent film, and later added in the 20th century Maratha language dialogue - India's oldest film dubbing . Mumbai is also proud of the large number of cinemas, including Asia's largest IMAX dome theater, play a leading role in this is Bollywood, Maratha language and Hollywood movies. Many film festivals will be busy for a year. In addition to meet the fans, the city has a thriving theatrical tradition (including the local language and English Drama Theatre). Government investment in contemporary art galleries and private commercial galleries have been a very good performance. Museum of government investment, including the Jahangir Art Gallery and National Gallery of Modern Art. Asiatic Society of Bombay, was built in 1833, is the city's oldest public libraries. The city also has most of the high-rise buildings in India. The Prince of Wales's most famous museum is the Museum and Gandhi Museum. Mumbai is India's largest number of sex workers in cities. Although prostitution illegal, Mumbai still has the largest and one of the most densely red-light district - 卡马提普拉. Mumbai sister cities are: London Los Angeles Karachi, Pakistan Stuttgart, Germany Yokohama, Japan Media Mumbai has many newspapers, television and radio stations. More popular English language newspaper published locally in Mumbai with "The Times of India" and "Indian Express" and so on. Maratha language newspapers have "Luo Shata" (Loksatta), "sakar" (Sakaal) and the "Maharashtra Times." In addition, there are other Indian languages published by the newspaper. Mumbai also has the oldest newspaper in India - "Mumbai News", 1822, published in English language and only use Gujarat. In 1832, the first Maratha language newspapers also born in Mumbai. Flow gate national television broadcasting company provides two free terrestrial channels (terrestrial channels), while the three major cable television services, most of the family, the more popular channels, including Zee Marathi, DD Sahyadri, Zee TV, Star plus (Star) The four channels and a number of news channels. Through cable television, Mumbai households receive more than 100 television channels, most of them made in order to meet the city's polyglot of the public. Many metropolitan areas in the center of international media companies. Mumbai has 9 radio stations, six radio with the FM band, 3 band radio with AM radio. Education Under the 10 +2 +3 educational system, students need to first accept Mumbai 10 years of primary and secondary education too, and then enter the 2-year colleges, where they _select_ one from the three main areas: arts, business or science. Then the learning in a particular area or an integrated curriculum, or learning a curriculum, such as law, engineering, and medicine. Most of the city colleges are affiliated to the University of Mumbai, so to graduate students, the University is one of the largest universities in the world. India, in Mumbai there is one of the most important Institute of Technology - Bombay, Indian Institute of Technology campus, and the SNDT Women's University. Mumbai has India's two major research institutions - Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Association (TIFR), and bou bou Atomic Research Centre (BARC). Sports Like other parts of India, cricket is a sport most popular in Mumbai. Cricket all over the city is usually on the playground. Backyard Cricket Cricket is a modified form of narrow alleys in the city carried out particularly common on Sunday. Mumbai is also the birth of several internationally renowned cricket player, belonging to the Indian Cricket Board (BCCI). The city of great concern to the international cricket, when India's cricket team to participate in an important game a few days, the city virtually came to a standstill. The city a total of 2 international cricket stadium: million grams and the German Stadium and Bulaiboen Stadium. Mumbai, the local cricket team is the country's top domestic cricket tournament one of the strongest competitors. Overall, the popularity of football in Mumbai although not as West Bengal, Kerala and Goa, but in the long rainy season, unable to carry out other outdoor sports, football in Mumbai is also a popular sport . In Mumbai, the World Cup is one of the most watched programs. India's national sport hockey is a sharp decline in recent years, losing in the popularity of cricket terms, though many Mumbai players in the national team. Mainly in the many other sports clubs and arena, which include lawn tennis, squash, billiards, badminton, table tennis and golf. Mumbai is also the football game, for the sport in India very few cities in the world. February each year, held in Mumbai in Mahathir's Jockey Club racetrack Brahimi, have aroused wide public concern, there will be many people involved in high fashion clothing. Other sports such as volleyball and basketball are popular in large and medium primary school. Since 2004, sponsored by Standard Chartered Bank in Mumbai hold an annual marathon of activities aimed at promoting mass sport in India.
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Encyclopedia
Mengmai Mumbai Bombay India's largest port and major industrial and commercial city, the capital of Maharashtra. Located in the central West Bank, the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian Sea, the natural harbor, known as "India's west gate." Was founded in Bombay Island, as the city expanded gradually from the vicinity of seven islands into one causeway and the breakwater, which then color i. Thalben north, and by connecting the island with the mainland, stretching from sea to become Peninsula, collectively referred to as Greater Mumbai. Area of 603 square kilometers, population 8,227,000, including the suburbs, including 9.95 million (1981). Hot and humid climate, the hottest month (May) the average temperature of 33 ℃, the coolest month (January) average temperature of 19 ℃. Annual precipitation 2078 mm. Mumbai is the name of a Hindu goddess Mumba Devi is taken from the name, one that comes from Portuguese meaning "beautiful harbor." 14 centuries ago, long-term fishing village of indigenous people Corley. After 1348, the Sudan, where Muslims in Gujarat possessions. In 1534 the Portuguese occupation. Portugal in 1664 became King Charles II of England married Princess Katherine of a dowry transfer and the United Kingdom. British colonial rule in India, has since become a stronghold. 1838 between Mumbai and London opened up a regular route, and then gradually built inland and coastal areas of communication in India's railway lines between cities. The 19th century, Mumbai has developed into an important city in western India and the foreign trade port. British colonizers seized raw materials for the local cotton industry, a lot of development in the cotton fields west Indian subcontinent, Bombay became India's largest distribution center of cotton and export to Hong Kong. Mumbai, built in 1857, the first cotton mill, then gradually developed into India's largest textile industrial base. With urban development, population growth, to the Second World War 180 million, compared with the early 19th century increased by 10 times. India after independence large numbers of new industries, the city has been beyond the island to the north of Mumbai, color i. extended Hans Eichel, 1961 to 1971, Salmond color i. suburban population increased by 110%, while Mumbai increased by only 11%. 53% of a large population living in Mumbai, Bombay Island, 27% color i. residing in the western half of Salmond, 20% live in the eastern half. Urban area is still under development, to be in the northern and eastern coastal areas of the Gulf Tana draw 200 square kilometers of new urban expansion. Industrial development. Plant facility in India accounted for a total of 1 / 6, to provide India the total business tax and personal income tax 1 / 3. Up to 1.7 million industrial workers, the textile industry accounts for 1 / 3, employing 25 million, ranking the first place. Petrochemicals, machinery and silk weaving, dyeing and other industries are well developed, there are nuclear power plants, or important financial and insurance center, a well-known Bank of India, Indian life insurance companies, more than 30 domestic banks and 14 foreign banks. Mumbai is the largest transportation hub in western India and foreign trade port. Mumbai port in the east coast of the island, about 20 km coastline, total 42 berths, can park 2 to 3 ton ships, the annual throughput of 20 million tons, and take half of the country's total import and export trade. Exports are coal, cotton, wheat, peanuts, jute, leather, manganese ore, petroleum products, natural gas, sugar and spices; imports are mainly all kinds of industrial products, building materials, food, steel, and various ores. The famous Santa Cruz International Airport, a number of routes through the world's major cities. Mumbai, the southern island of the most prosperous place in Mumbai. There are two Cape south island-like areas into the sea, during which surrounded as Buck Bay. Constitute the main areas on both sides of cape-like Malabar Hill, the highest point of elevation of 55 meters, the ridge area is beautiful, is a senior residential areas. East Cape is an important naval base. Gulf area and the underlying distribution of the urban concentration of the major public buildings, large stores, large companies, banks and large hotels and so on. Factories are concentrated in the northern part of downtown and other areas Moze Gang and worship Caligula. Dada Er for the traditional textile industry areas, and between the economy of many apartments. Secondly, in the northern Thalben color i. traffic along the manufacturing operations are more concentrated. (Shi cream)