World-famous ancient city and religious shrine. Palestinian Central. Population 44 7 million (1984). BC 19th century castle that is built, a long history. Judaism, Christianity and Islam are instructions from the city to the Holy Land. Century left many ancient religious structures, rock the house of Islam and Al-Aqsa Mosque, the Jewish Wailing Wall, the lobby and the Christian Holy Sepulchre which Jesus was crucified by the roads. There are metal processing industry, chemicals, textiles. Provisions of the 1947 United Nations international city. Occupied by Israel in 1967 and in 1980 declared its capital.
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Travel
Best time to travel to Jerusalem: Israel adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea, and Jerusalem was again surrounded by mountains in the middle, so the climate here is well received by the Mediterranean climate, while also engaged in self-regulation in the mountains, forming a hot, dry summer, humid and rainy climate in winter characteristics. The best time to travel to Jerusalem, is the annual April to October the dry season, rolling to avoid the rain. Although the climate of Jerusalem, the Middle East can be described as the best, but the dry season of the "drop of rain less than" and the dried remains of people who have come so there was a little suited. Folk Festivals in Jerusalem: major holidays Sabbath (sundown to Saturday sundown every Friday) Jewish New Year (about the Gregorian calendar in September) Yom Kippur (about the Gregorian calendar in October) Sukkot (about the Gregorian calendar in October) Passover (about the Gregorian calendar in April) Holocaust Remembrance Day (about the Gregorian calendar in May) Independence Day (about the Gregorian calendar in May.) Jiejia Festival If you live in Israel for some time, you will be very easy to feel that Israel is not only a world from one day to live, but also from one holiday to another holiday to be alive. From the fall of the New Year and Yom Kippur, Hanukkah winter, spring, Passover and Independence Day to the Feast of the summer, a year of life is surrounded with a special commemorative significance of these festivals to move forward. Israel has been regarded as a Jewish state, especially with its close like holidays. That Israel has a strong Jewish holiday properties. The Jewish property, on the one hand the performance of all the festivals in Israel and the Jewish destiny of the nation are associated. If Passover is to review the entire nation out of slavery and emancipation; live gate is a memorial section of the Jewish people of God wandering in the wilderness refuge; Hanukkah and Purim commemorates the Jewish people from destruction, and ultimately defeat the enemy; Jewish New Year and Yom Kippur are embodied in the Jewish repentance and hope to start a new life. On the other hand the performance of all the festivals have a strong religious overtones. Not a purely secular festival is the festival. Israel's national holiday and that religion, so that the arrival of the festival into an annual cycle repeated review of Jewish national history, religious education and self-reflection day to maintain its national unity, maintaining the inherent culture of the Jewish nation, undoubtedly has an important role. Jerusalem reminded: visitors go there must first understand the religious thought of Israel to comply with Jewish custom, not to smoke in public places, forbidden to take pictures in the ghetto. Of course, eating habits should be respected there. Jerusalem Food: As the relationship between faith, the majority Muslim restaurants in Israel, most of them are affordable, the main dishes to supply the Middle East, Arab restaurants in East Jerusalem is very popular. Israel no particular dishes, the restaurant business in most of the Jews observe the commandments of kosher, kosher is not the name of the dish, but eating the rules of Judaism in the Old Testament was written, there are many fast food, are: pork, octopus, squid, shrimp, crabs, etc., but not both eat meat and dairy products. The so-called kosher-style meal means that the point of the meat dishes, bread and butter is not, can not eat ice cream after dinner, a cup of coffee can not add milk. China Tower Hotel in Jerusalem supply of authentic Chinese food, Chinese food if not used the Jewish people came to visit Jerusalem, could come to solve the food problem in this. General or non-kosher kosher Chinese restaurants have, whether kosher, the restaurant will mark the general said. Israel's snacks are also quite distinctive, and to enjoy the Israeli high-calorie snacks, you can stroll around noon or midnight of the Lord and Jerusalem Avenue, where a variety of cakes and confectionery stores can provide you with pleasing snacks, as Middle Eastern pastries and sweets are made with honey or syrup soaked, so very sweet. Also in the East Jerusalem neighborhood streets or paving the Muslim old city, you can also taste "Baker 啦 V," which is a kind of dough and honey, walnuts, Gui flesh from the preparation of the pastries. There are "coffee Dev" is wheat debris, fruit and honey A muddy sub-grilled, and taste crispy and delicious, plus something called "Hal V," the sweet sesame snacks will make you memorable. Jerusalem Transportation: Aviation Israel's air links with the outside world an important means of transportation. Since 1948, the state opened up air routes, the Israeli national airline, shipping four continents, and regularly have access to New York and European flights. In Jerusalem and Eilat, both built a modern airport, built in the Leader International Airport. In 1989, a chartered flight to reach 54 million visitors in Israel. The late 80s, early 90s, the Israeli air passenger traffic increased more than 50 100 times more early. Israel established diplomatic relations with China, the tourism business to be developed. July 1992, Israel Airlines and the China International Travel Service Head reached an agreement to develop the tourism market. In order to develop tourism, from September 3, the Israeli airline began direct flights between Tel Aviv and Beijing. Tel Aviv, Beijing direct flights, not only for Israel and European tourists to China to provide a convenient and Southeast Asian tourists to visit the eastern Mediterranean countries to open up the best route. Following the Israeli airlines to operate scheduled flights Asia: 1. Jerusalem to Tel Aviv, Haifa, Prospero that (rlsh pina) and Eilat; 2. Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, Prospero then, Eilat, and Martha large (masada) ; 3. Haifa to Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Eilat; 4. Eilat into Jerusalem, Tel Aviv, Haifa; 5. Martha large to Tel Aviv. Road network Little link with the State of Israel, Jerusalem from the east drive to the west coast of Tel Aviv in just more than 1 hour away. This determines the Road is the main transportation in Israel. It is implemented in the British Mandate of Palestine during the high-quality road network on the basis of established. Now Israel's road to the village from the city to form a complete network system. Are generally two-lane highway along the coast there is a four-lane highway, will be linking Tel Aviv and Haifa, and access to Jerusalem and Bierxieba. On the Sabbath, the city of Jerusalem all the traffic authority, all stop working, the hotel is also fully closed. On this day, visitors to the best orthodox Jews do not ride the living area. Otherwise, the Jews will be outraged that people in the car to throw stones. Local Transportation: Jerusalem city bus and taxi traffic to the main. There are two bus terminals are located at the Hilton Hotel, New Street before, and long-distance bus stations in Damascus in front of the starting point. Taxi vehicles of different sizes, but the roof will be in English, Hebrew and Arabic, and other signs show a taxi. Taxi by meter charges, but due to not keep up with the pace of inflation, so the driver will count at the table plus a few percent of the fare. Jerusalem Arab taxi driver to the majority, so half is in English does not make sense. If the car is not the meter, the passenger information in advance and then take on a good car. Jerusalem Accommodation: king david hotel Address: 23 king david st This is an elegant upscale hotels, located in the center, and very close to thirty streets, a total of 245 rooms. kings hotel Address: 60, king george st In the urban areas, well-equipped, comprehensive services king solomon hotel Address: 32, king david st central hotel Address: 6, pines st Located in the downtown area, within walking distance to old city jerusalem gate hotel Address: 43, yirmiyahu st Location: junction of Asia and Africa, the Mediterranean east coast of the Palestinian middle. Population: 620,000 Common language: Hebrew and Arabic Currency: Israeli Shekel Area: 108 square kilometers. Usually called the "holy city", that is the Old City, located in the Eastern District, the city only a small corner area of one square kilometer. Climate: Mediterranean, hot and dry summer, mild and humid in winter, the maximum temperature of 39 ℃, minimum temperature of about 4 ℃. Climate from south to north, in summer 23 ~ 34 ℃, Winter 10 ~ 17 ℃. Annual rainfall from south to north 220 to 920 mm. Jerusalem, Hebrew means "peace capital", but Jerusalem is indeed a city full of war. Recorded in the history books: the middle of 2000 BC, there are a nomadic people called the Hebrews entered Palestine from the east. Year end of 2000, the Hebrew tribes formed the northern kingdom of Israel, followed by the formation of the Jewish kingdom of southern tribes. Philip Augustine who captured the Palestinian territories. Philip Augustine Israelis and Jews who were with the long and arduous struggle, the first king of Israel, Saul death on the battlefield. 10th century BC, the Jewish King David of Israel and Jewish unity, the establishment of Israel - the kingdom of Judah, who expelled the Philip Augustine, and the Canaanite city of Jerusalem as the capital of a unified country. After the death of the son of David Solomon, a unified country and divided, the north kingdom of Israel, the Jewish kingdom of the south. 721 BC, the Assyrian Empire destroyed the kingdom of Israel. 586 BC, the new Babylon destroyed the kingdom of Judah, the destruction of Jerusalem, the Jewish exile to Babylon, to become "prisoners of Babylon." In 538 BC, Cyrus the Persian Empire after the fall of Babylon, the release of imprisoned Jews in Babylon, and allow them to return to Jerusalem. Return of the Jews and establish a minister belonging to the Persian Empire, theocratic regime. Starting from the 4th century BC, Macedonia, Ptolemy, Seleucus kingdoms have occupied Palestine. 63 BC After the Roman occupied Jerusalem, the region became a province of the Roman Empire. 70 AD, the Roman Jewish revolt failed, since dispersed around the world. Middle Ages, there is no escape in the iron heel of the Crusades. 16th century, there is no escape peak of the Ottoman Empire's control. Jerusalem, Judaism, Islam, Christianity, the faithful went to the Holy Land. Jews believe that this is the land God gave the Jewish descendants, they are God's chosen; Christians believe, here is the Passion of the Christ, the resurrection after death the place; Islam believe that this is the Prophet Mohammed arrived Teng Supper Tour place.
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No. 3
Jerusalem (Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (audio), Latin: Yerushaláyim; Arabic: القدس (audio) files - Play, Latin: al-Quds, finished: Goodstone; English: Jerusalem) accumulated in the Near East Levant region, geographically located in the mountains of Judah, between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea between. A long history of Jerusalem is Israel's capital since 1950, the country's presidential palace, most government agencies, the Supreme Court and Congress are located in the city. In 1980, the Knes_set_ legislation, to identify Jerusalem as the country's "eternal and indivisible capital" However, most countries do not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, that the city's final status has not been determined, pending negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian decision. Most countries will be the embassy in Tel Aviv. The Palestinian Authority announced that Jerusalem will be the capital of a Palestinian state. Therefore, today Jerusalem is still the center of Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Since 1975, more than Tel Aviv to Jerusalem as Israel's largest city. In 2006, the Jerusalem area of 126 square kilometers, population 724,000 people, these two indicators rank the cities of Israel and the Palestinians first. And the number of both Jews and non-Jews the number of Israeli cities are the top ranking. Name Jerusalem, the source of the name can not be determined. In Hebrew, Yerushalaim the name can be understood as yerusha (legacy) and shalom (peace) of the compound words. Another more general explanation is that it will "Bible" in the name of two cities together: Jebus (Jebus) and Salem (Salem, meaning "peace"). Jebus is before the Hebrews came to the local, Canaanite city that was the name for; and Jerusalem this geographical names appear in the "Genesis" 14 chapters, is the residence of the high priest Melchizedek, who is to to the blessing of Abraham here. In Arabic, Jerusalem is the name of القدس or بيت المقدس. قدس means that the Holy Land in front of the word article ال be القدس, especially the Holy City of Jerusalem. Similarly, بيت intended for housing, residential, المقدس meaning sacred (human), holy (man), the two words together to form بيت المقدس is specific to the holy city of Jerusalem, the literal meaning of the Holy Land is also a family of saints . History Archaeological findings show that the development of Jerusalem today can be traced back to the fourth millennium BC, the earliest written records about the city found in Egypt before the 19th century curse of Prayer and the former 14th century version of the Amazon to get mud. Geography Jerusalem is the geographic coordinates of latitude 31 degrees 47 minutes N 35 degrees 13 minutes Expression error: unexpected / operator; Expression error: unexpected / operator; in the mountains of Judah, the southern highlands, including the Mount of Olives and Outlook Mt. Old City of Jerusalem is about 760 meters above sea level. The entire Valley and around Jerusalem was surrounded by a dry riverbed, and only the north is not very obvious. In Jerusalem, the valley has three obvious: Ji perish Valley, Gehenna and Tai Luopu valley, south of Jerusalem cross. Drain through the old city east of the valley occupied by the enemy, will be separated from the Mount of Olives and the city. Hinnom Valley in Jerusalem to the west, eschatology in the Bible is a symbol of hell. Tai Luopu Valley is located in the northwest, near the location of today's Damascus Gate, the south - southeast Note Ruxiluoya pool. Today most of Tai Luopu valley has been the past few thousand years the valley of debris piled up by the hide. 60 km west of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv is the Mediterranean, 35 km east is the Dead Sea the lowest point of the earth's surface. The neighboring city of Jerusalem south Bethlehem and Beit Jala, east of Abu Dis and 马阿尔阿杜 Mihm (Ma'ale Adummim), west of 梅瓦塞莱特 Zion (Mevaseret Zion, Paraguay and Bolivia Embassy is located), the north giv'at Zhayi Fu (Giv'at Ze'ev). Climate Tropic of Cancer in the north of the latitude of Jerusalem, near the Mediterranean, as in most parts of Israel, a Mediterranean climate. The city is located in the subtropical zone, warm in the winter, but snow is not uncommon, often snow at least once a year. January is the coldest month of the year, the average temperature is 12 degrees Celsius (53 Fahrenheit), while the hottest month of the year is July and August, the average temperature is 29 degrees Celsius (84 degrees Fahrenheit). Average annual rainfall of close to 590 mm (23 inches), from May to September summer little precipitation. Jerusalem, air pollution mainly from traffic pollution, a particular focus on East Jerusalem. Many of the main streets of Jerusalem can not adapt to traffic growth, means that drivers are forced to spend more time on the road, the more carbon monoxide released into the air. Industrial pollution in the city very little, but the Israeli Mediterranean coast east of the plant may spread contamination to the city. Since the period of British Mandate Palestine, the number of new buildings constructed in whole use of Jerusalem stone. Although these numbers increase in the cost of the building, brought to the city of Jerusalem stone unique, antique look. Year Population Population of Jerusalem 1844 15,510 1896 45,420 1922 62,578 1931 90,053 1944 157,000 1948 165,000 1967 263,307 1980 407,100 1990 524,400 2000 657,500 2005 706,400 Population In 2005, the total number of the inhabitants of Jerusalem grew by 13,000 people (1.8%), also higher than the Israeli national average. The city continues to grow among the religious and ethnic composition is changing. Although the majority of the population still Jewish, but Jewish children under the age of 15 account for only 31%. This data proved that the past 40 years, the Jews in Jerusalem and the proportion of all Israel has declined. The outbreak of the Six Day War in 1967, Jews accounted for 74% of the population, 9 percent more than 2006 high. One possible reason is that the city's conservative high. Many young people leave the city or are less conservative Jewish sect; them in Tel Aviv and Haifa and other coastal cities to _set_tle down. Demographic and Jewish - Arab nation debate crack is still the main topic of Jerusalem. In 1998, the Jerusalem Development Authority President even suggested that the westward expansion of the urban boundary to include more Jews dominated areas. Government Jerusalem City Council has 31 elected members, including a mayor (current mayor Yuri Rupp Lynskey) and six deputy mayors. The remaining members of the City Council is not salaried volunteer (pro bono publico). Much of the debate and consultations lawmakers in private, but the Jerusalem City Council held a public meeting every month. Included, religious parties to form a special power center, occupying the majority of seats. The city is Jerusalem area, is the capital of the area. The capital of Israel In 1950, Israel declared Jerusalem as its capital, after which all sectors of the Israeli government - legislative, judicial and administrative authorities, including the Office of the President and the Prime Minister's Office - located in the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem was divided into two parts, namely, management by Israel and Jordan, only West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. After the 1967 Six Day War, Israel immediately incorporated East Jerusalem, East Jerusalem, in fact, part of the capital of Israel. July 30, 1980, the Knes_set_ passed a law ("Basic Law: Jerusalem Capital of Israel"), the proclamation of Jerusalem (including West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem) is Israel's "eternal and indivisible capital" In 1995, Congress has passed the Jerusalem Embassy Act (Jerusalem Embassy Act), the decision to the U.S. Embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. However, the new embassy building due to various reasons, has repeatedly declared that extension. The status of Jerusalem As for Jerusalem, Jews, Muslims and Christians all have special significance, its status is still pending. The 10th century, its capital in Jerusalem, King David, Solomon built the temple in the city. Since then, Jerusalem has been the spiritual center of the Jewish nation, a symbol of national identity, whether Jews dispersed to where prayer is always for Jerusalem. In the Old Testament, Jerusalem is mentioned over 700 times. Over the years, the heart of Jerusalem to the role of the Jews, and Jews, extent of the city's obsession is so strong that they can not imagine a State of Israel without Jerusalem. Since the 7th century to play in 1917, the Arab Islamic Empire and the Ottoman Empire over 1,000 years, Jerusalem has to dominate. As Deng Xiao Mohammed nocturnal place, hundreds of millions of Sunni Muslims, Jerusalem is considered to be the third holy place. The most significant buildings of Jerusalem, that is, the 2 mosques on the Temple Mount - Dome of the Rock and Al-Aqsa Mosque. Muslim countries for a long time to have Jerusalem as a special religious and historical significance of the city, not willing to give up. Arafat, U.S. President Bill Clinton even said that if he issues in East Jerusalem, a compromise with Israel, he worried about being assassinated. . Before the establishment of the State of Israel, Jerusalem is a British trust territory of Palestine (including today's Israel and Jordan) of the capital. . The British mandate government in dealing with the issue of Jewish immigration has caused much controversy, and ultimately forced to surrender Palestine to the United Nations. The end of 1948 the first Arab-Israeli War, Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan, the West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, Jordan occupied East Jerusalem. After 1967, all of Jerusalem was under Israeli control. [Citation needed] the Palestinians of East Jerusalem's status is uncertain. In accordance with Israeli law, living in East Jerusalem Palestinians to give up their Jordanian nationality if, will automatically receive Israeli citizenship; but most Palestinians reject Israeli citizenship (because they think it is a recognition that the Israeli occupation), only permanent residence. They can move freely in Israel, but if they are out of Israel (such as the move to the Palestinian territories), they will lose this right, shall not be moved back. So they can not access the relatives and friends living in the Palestinian areas, even those friends and relatives to live in a few kilometers outside the West Bank. Another controversial matter is the Israeli occupation of East Jerusalem, not in census records prior to the status of family members. If they go back to East Jerusalem and reunited with their families, they must be approved by the Israeli Ministry of the Interior. Palestinians complained that Israeli authorities to arbitrarily refuse the application, because they want to limit the Palestinian population of East Jerusalem, Israeli authorities said that they are fair treatment of Palestinians. These disputes are often the Palestinian and Israeli human rights organizations criticized the place. [Citation needed] Currently, Israel has legislation to determine its permanent indivisible Jerusalem is the capital. The Palestinian Authority also claims that the capital of a future Palestinian state will be based in East Jerusalem. Currently, the most prominent Palestinian official in the city there is the Orient House, the headquarters of the Palestine Liberation Organization late 20th century. Jerusalem as an international city's proposal is put forward by Christians, Christians in Jerusalem is the smallest, but for them, Jerusalem is a Holy City. This proposal also received the support of the Pope. [Citation needed] is the most supported separating Jerusalem, Israel, and access to the city's Jewish Wailing Wall, the Temple Mount and other parts of the Old City owned by a newly created Palestinian state. Based on a number of Israelis opposed to any cultural, historical or religious boundaries of the partition. Other Israelis believe that the Jews, Christians and Muslims in the Old Town can be an important multilateral control of the international city. Palestinian support for Jerusalem as a free city, but suspected the reliability of this support, many Arab-controlled areas of Jewish buildings were destroyed, such as Joseph's Tomb in Nablus recently. International organizations such as the United Nations can not guarantee the Arabs do not destroy these places, and providing personal security for the pilgrims and freedom. [Citation needed] According to the Oslo agreement, the final status of Jerusalem will be negotiated peace. [Citation needed] Culture Although mainly based on religious sites in Jerusalem known around the world, but the city also has many cultural and artistic places. Israel Museum, Jerusalem's most important art museums, attracting nearly 100 million visitors each year, one third from Israel abroad. 80,000 square meters, the museum includes several art institutions, the main archaeological collections from around the world, sculpture and traditional art. Israel Museum's most famous collection of humanities is the Dead Sea Scrolls, the mid-20th century, found not far away from Jerusalem; the Dead Sea Scrolls in the museum collection, "Sacred Books of the niche" in the. Museum education of children in the region also play an important role with 10 million children each year visit the museum's youth department. The Israel Museum in Jerusalem, the city has three subsidiary art museum - the Rockefeller Archaeological Museum (former Palestinian Archaeological Museum), Di Xiao and Perry Arts Center Museum. Rockefeller Museum opened in 1938, in East Jerusalem, and has collected half of the 20th century artifacts found. . Di Xiao museum is located in downtown Jerusalem, the main collection of the works of Israeli artists Annuodixiao. Another prominent cultural institutions in the city's Museum of Jewish martyrdom (Yad Vashem), an area of 4,200 square meters, the museum has the world's largest library of information about the Holocaust, it is estimated over one hundred thousand books or papers. Museum of the Holocaust from a Jewish point of view narrative. Other survivors of the art museum. In addition there are the victims of the Holocaust memorial; annual Holocaust Remembrance Day (Yom HaShoah) held in commemoration of these places. Museum of Jewish martyrdom is a research and educational institutions, tourists in this can reflect on the Holocaust. Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra is the city's famous orchestra, founded in 1940. The band performing not only in Jerusalem, but also the whole world cities, including Vienna, Frankfurt and New York City. From the Old City of Jerusalem within walking distance, there is a cultural district, including the Khan Theater, the city's only repertory theater and performing arts center in Jerusalem, held more than 150 concerts each year. , Jerusalem Music Center and other excellent facilities and the Palestinian National Theatre. Palestinian National Theatre, founded in 1984, first as the only East Jerusalem, the arts and cultural organizations are still only staged the works of the Palestinian point of view. Since 1961, every summer held a nationwide "Israeli Day", there will be many international artists and street performers. Jerusalem, most of which hosted the festival performances. In addition, since 2000, gay pride parade held in the local community, causing the Muslims, Jews and Christians of the same discontent, worry about "profane"; or even bloody incidents that the police responsible for protecting the procession, the cancellation request The parade. Religious sites Jerusalem in the three Abrahamic faiths - Judaism, Christianity and Islam and many other smaller religious groups, such as the Baha'i Faith plays an important role. Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem 2000 show, the city has a 1204 city synagogues, 158 churches and 73 mosques. However, the Jerusalem that is peaceful coexistence between religions harbor, also caused much debate, particularly on the Temple Mount. Jews believe the Messiah will rule in Jerusalem. Jerusalem has usually been considered to be Islam's third holiest. Prior to the Mecca, Jerusalem is the Muslim prayer direction. In the 620 years of Muhammad's Night Teng Xiao (Muslims believe that Muhammad miraculously in a night from Mecca to Jerusalem and the Temple Mount, to heaven, met earlier prophets), the Muslim control of Jerusalem has long been . "Koran" Chapter 17, Night 1 records Muhammad's deeds to Jerusalem on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem today, mosques, Block 2, to commemorate the event - is mentioned in the Quran Al-Aqsa Mosque, which Muslims believe Muhammad Mohammed login Xiao Xiao Deng Night on the Dome of the Rock. Sports Economy Historically, Jerusalem, Jaffa and Gaza away from the main port, the economy depends almost entirely on religious pilgrimage to Jerusalem's religious sites is to attract foreign tourists are still the main destination for most tourists will visit the Western Wall and the Old City of Jerusalem, however, since the Since 1967, Jerusalem in the economy has made considerable progress, far more than just a religious shrine. Many statistics show that economic growth in Jerusalem. However, the Palestinians of East Jerusalem-based development lags far behind the West Jerusalem. However, Arab families have an employed population ratio (76.1%) was higher than that of Jewish families (66.8%). Jerusalem, the unemployment rate (8.3%) slightly lower than the national average (9.0%), working population accounted for less than half the population over the age of 15, down from Tel Aviv (58.0%) and Haifa (52.4%). In recent years, poverty and population explosion in Jerusalem, from 2001 to 2007, the population below the poverty line increased by 40%. In 2006, Jerusalem, the average monthly income of workers in 5,940 new shekels (1,410 dollars), lower than the 1,350 workers in Tel Aviv shekels. In order to protect the city's unique religious sites in Jerusalem are not allowed the development of heavy industry; and Jerusalem, only about 2.2% of the land for industrial and infrastructure facilities. In contrast, Tel Aviv, the land for industrial and infrastructure, the proportion of more than 2 times to reach Jerusalem, and Haifa, it's 7 times. Although Tel Aviv remains Israel's financial center, but located in Jerusalem, a global high-tech companies are on the rise. Various types of large companies were stationed north of Jerusalem, Kazakhstan Ziwei Mu (Har Hotzvim) regions, including Intel, Teva Pharmaceuticals (Teva Pharmaceuticals) and ECI Telecom. Industrial Park, when completed, will include more than 100 enterprises, a fire station, a school, an area of 53 hectares. Since the founding of Israel, the central government in Jerusalem has played an important role in the economy. Focus on the central government in Jerusalem, not only provide many jobs in the region, but also has the potential to provide benefits and incentives. Traffic Education University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, another important nearby institutions of higher education, which was established late (1984) This university is the region most Arab and Palestinian institutions, claiming to be the only Arab University in Jerusalem. University of Jerusalem is located southeast of the city, the campus covers an area of 190,000 square meters of Jerusalem, there are two other universities and the University of the Hebrews of Jerusalem Institute of the Arts: Music and Dance in Jerusalem and the Bezalel School of Art and Design. Jerusalem Institute of Technology Founded in 1969, the creation of engineering and other high-tech industry, but also to Jewish education. Many schools in Jerusalem - from universities to primary schools - all for religious education. Yeshiva and Jewish schools throughout the city, originated in Belarus 米尔耶希瓦 (ישיבת מיר, Mir yeshiva) is Israel's largest country a school. 2003-2004 school year, nearly 8,000 12th graders in the Hebrew school. However, the large number of people enrolled in Jewish Orthodox schools, only 55% of the students passed the entrance examination (Bagrut), only 37% to college. And the different public schools, most schools allow students Orthodox standardized tests. Most parts of Jerusalem and Israel was criticized for the quality of Palestinian schools than Jewish schools. East Jerusalem Arabs gathered, many schools are overcrowded, thousands of students over forty-five, can not be a reasonable education. Palestinian students as public schools need Bagrut examination, many of the school curriculum with the track with the Israelis. Therefore, the focus on Judaism, even if most of the Palestinian students do not accept this religion. Sister Cities New York City (1993)
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Introduction
Jerusalem (in English: Jerusalem; Hebrew: ירושלים, Latin: Yerushalayim or Yerushalaim; Arabic: القدس, Latin: al-Quds, finished: Goodes, or بيت المقدس, Latin: Bayt-al -Muqaddas) is located in the Near East, the Levant region of a historic city, geographically located in the mountains of Judah, between the Mediterranean and between the Dead Sea, known as the Holy City of three religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) The central city of the State of Palestine, the world-famous ancient city. Population 724,000 (2006), is inhabited mainly by Jews and Arabs. According to legend, the tenth century BC, King David of Israel's capital in the fortification. The largest Palestinian city. At the top of Judea Mountains, elevation 790 meters. One of the ancient center of religious activities. Judaism, Christianity and Islam, respectively, according to their own religious legends, all instructions from the city for the Holy Land. City Circle area of about 1 square kilometer area designated as 4. The eastern Muslim region, including the famous temple area, the temple of the holy area has miles of mountain rock roof Mount (Islam, Judaism) and the rock roof on the sanctuary (Islam), Al-Aqsa Mosque, the Wailing Wall ( Judaism). Christian area north-west, with the Christian Holy Sepulchre. Area southwest of Armenia. Southern Jewish area. City, southwest of Mount Zion is another important Jewish holy sites. Mount of Olives east of the Holy Land between Christianity and Judaism there. After World War II has been managed by the United Nations ,1948-1949 the Israeli occupation of the West established a new city of Jerusalem, Jordan, the occupied east of the city old. 1967 Middle East war, Israel occupied all of Jerusalem. November 15, 1988 declared a Palestinian state capital here. The urban area of 109 square kilometers, most of the west of the city circle. Major industries of diamond polishing, furniture, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, footwear, pencils, textiles and clothing (cloak) and so on. Tourism (including pilgrimages) industry very Sheng. Resolution at the United Nations, Jerusalem was divided into the Palestinian state, so when the capital in the founding of Israel in Tel Aviv. The first Middle East war, Israel occupied West Jerusalem. Third Middle East War, the Islamic occupation of East Jerusalem. Jerusalem condominium since 1948 as the International City, Office of the President of the country the founding of Israel, most government agencies, the Supreme Court and Congress are located in Tel Aviv. In 1980, the Knes_set_ legislation, to identify Jerusalem as the country's "eternal and indivisible capital." However, most countries and the United Nations does not recognize Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, that the city's final status has not been determined, pending negotiations between Israel and the Palestinian decision. Most countries will be the embassy in Tel Aviv. The Palestinian Authority announced that Jerusalem will be the capital of a future Palestinian state. Therefore, today the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem is still the center of Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Since 1975, more than Tel Aviv to Jerusalem as Israel's largest city. In 2006, the Jerusalem area of 126 square kilometers, has a population of 72,4000 people, these two indicators rank the cities of Israel and the Palestinians first. And the number of both Jews and non-Jews the number of Israeli cities are the top ranking.
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Name
Jerusalem, the exact source of the name can not be determined. In Hebrew, Yerushalaim the name can be understood as yerusha (legacy) and shalom (peace) of the compound words. Another more general explanation is that it will "Bible" in the name of two cities together: Jebus (Jebus) and Salem (Salem, meaning "peace"). The name Jerusalem appeared in "Genesis" 14 chapters, is the residence of the high priest Melchizedek, who came here for the blessing of Abraham. In Arabic, Jerusalem is the name of القدس or بيت المقدس. قدس means that the Holy Land in front of the word article ال be القدس, especially the Holy City of Jerusalem. Similarly, بيت intended for housing, residential, المقدس meaning sacred (human), holy (man), the two words together to form بيت المقدس is specific to the holy city of Jerusalem, the literal meaning of the Holy Land is also a family of saints .
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History
Archaeological findings show that the development of Jerusalem today can be traced back to the fourth millennium BC, the earliest written records about the city found in Egypt before the 19th century curse of Prayer and the former 14th century version of the Amazon to get mud. According to "University of St. Arabs: Jerusalem University School of Law Library" record, stay in Israel until Jerusalem, there were many people - including the Amorites and the Hittites - mixed here. The time when the Israelites into Canaan, a Canaanite tribe - the Jebusites live near Jerusalem today (called Jebus). Israel conquered the city of Jerusalem the tribe of Judah, the tribe of Benjamin by the occupation of the city, and the Jebusites live in peaceful coexistence in the city. About the former in 1000, David led the Israelites conquered the city, the south extension of the city, and capital here, and change the name of today Yerushalayim (Jerusalem). He Ark of the Covenant to Jerusalem, and to build the ark of the tent of meeting, and he wants to further build the temple, he was the prophet of the Lord to stop. Before and after the 20th century BC, the Semitic Canaanites family _set_tled in the Palestinian coastal and plains. The general history of Jerusalem Philistines in the 13th century BC, the coastal nation-building. 13th century BC, the Hebrew tribes to move into _set_tled. 11th century BC, the Jewish establishment of the Hebrew Kingdom, after the Assyrian, Babylonian, Persian and other alien had occupied Palestine. 1st century BC invaded the Roman Empire, most Jews in exile around the world. 7th century AD, part of the Arab Empire. Arabs constantly moved, and the local indigenous assimilation, gradually formed the modern Palestinian Arabs. After several thousand years, Jerusalem has been living by the Palestinian Arabs, until World War II. During this time against the Crusaders and other invaders that they paid a lot of sacrifice. World War II, a large number of Jews moved from other areas, while the expulsion of Palestinians to change the composition of the local population.
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Temple period
538 years ago, 50 years after the prisoners of Babylon, Cyrus the Great destroyed the Persian Empire, Babylon, allowed the Jews back to rebuild the Jewish Temple of Jerusalem, the Temple reconstruction of the previous 516 years (sixth year of the reign of Darius I) , that is, the First Temple was destroyed 70 years to complete. Then, Nehemiah rebuilt the walls of Jerusalem and make the city and restored prosperity. After 600 years, Jewish to have a Persian, a province of Greece and Rome, Jerusalem is the Jewish capital of the province. In the early Roman rule, the king had appointed to rule agent Wang Daxi law. During the reign of Herod the Great expanded the Temple. . AD 6 years, directly attributable to the Roman Jewish rule. AD 70, the first after a failed uprising against Rome, the Roman army destroyed the Temple (only part of the base of the wall, that is the Western Wall.) Jews revolt again, and finally in 135, the Roman emperor Hadrian troops surrounded and captured the city; as a punitive measure, ordered the origins of Aibo in Heber on 九日, that Jerusalem was the fall of Babylon, and twice the annual Luo Ma Junbing Memorial Day (coincidentally the same day), Jerusalem completely leveled the city of Rome built at the site with more than Ailiyajia (Aelia Capitolina), the Temple Mount was built in the Roman temple; the same time, all the Jews out of Palestine, the prohibition Jews living in Jerusalem.
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Transfer of control
The next five centuries, the city has been in the Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire under the rule. 4th century Roman Emperor Constantine I during the control of the city of Jerusalem into a Christian center, the construction of the Holy Sepulchre church. At that time, while still living in Jerusalem against the Jews, but they have begun to come to the annual Aibo 九日 months before the Western Wall to cry. After the split in the Roman Empire under the rule of the Byzantine Empire, the Christian forces in the city are well protected. Was relatively tolerant in religious terms, starting from the 5th century, Jews were allowed back to live in Jerusalem. 1099, for the first time the Crusaders surrounded Jerusalem more than a month after the July 15 Jerusalem captured by the Crusaders. Crusaders into the city after the massacre of the city and most of the Muslims and Jews. Since then to 1291, the Crusaders established Kingdom of Jerusalem, Muslims are not allowed into the city. 1173, a man came to Jerusalem to write, saying, Jerusalem is a small city, full of Orthodox Christians, Armenians, Greeks and Georgians, only 200 Jews live in the city of the iceberg. 1187, Egypt, the Muslim ruler Saladin conquered Jerusalem again. 1219, Damascus ordered the walls of the destruction of Sudan, 1228 -1229, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, organized the Sixth Crusade, through treaties signed with Egypt to get to Jerusalem. 1239, he began to rebuild the walls, but soon they are also being demolished. 1243, the Christian occupation of Jerusalem again, and rebuild the wall. 1244, was the Mongolian subjugation Hualazimo in flight occupation of Jerusalem, Pope Innocent IV to launch Seventh Crusade, but could not retake Jerusalem. 1247, Hualazaimo by the Egyptians expelled, 1260, the Egyptian slave cavalry horse to win the Wood Brook city of Jerusalem, the Jews had to flee to refuge in surrounding villages. 1482, a visit to the Dominican priest, said that Jerusalem is a "national living in several different cities here, which is a collection of all evil." He cited as an evil Saracens, Greeks, Syrians, Orthodox, King Catholics, Armenians, Georgians, Ma Luoni Christians, Bedouins, Assassins, Muslims and the "most heinous" Jew. Only the Roman Catholic "Christ in their hearts hope the arrival of the prince, to all the countries Naruluoma under the rule of the Church." 1517, the Ottoman Empire occupation of Jerusalem, who control the city, until the 20th century. At this time, Jerusalem began to prosper again, and the Old City walls have been rebuilt city of any religion can exist, but the incompetence of the Ottoman Empire, then ruling body to make Jerusalem the economy into a slow decline. To the early 19th century, Jerusalem, less than 8,000 population, but still is a Judaism, Christianity and Islam are very important cities. Residents in four parts: the Jews, Christians, Muslims and Armenians, Muslims living in the Temple Mount near the main (northeast), Christian living in the Holy Sepulchre near the main (northwest), mainly living in the Jewish side of the hill the wall crying on the (southeast), Armenians live mainly in the Southwest. Although this differentiation was not absolute, but then it was the British administration period (1917-1948) will be the basis for the city is divided into four areas. Within the major religions also includes a number of sects, such as the Holy Sepulchre at the same time return the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Armenian Church, the Church used in Egypt and Ethiopia, the church, the conflict among the various sects, so that the key to the altar to give a " neutral "Muslim family custody. The 19th century, Jerusalem was the city had some of the changes in long-term effects, their impact has been extended to today, and the Palestinians and Israel fundamental dispute over Jerusalem. The first is from the Czar of Russia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East, there have been Jews emigrated to escape religious persecution here, it changed the city population ratio. The earliest immigrants are ultra-Orthodox Jews, some of them are old people, they are back here, ready to be buried in the Mount of Olives; other young students, who accompanied the family to be here, waiting for the arrival of Messiah. At the same time, taking advantage of the decline of the Ottoman Empire, European colonial powers began to stretch their influence in Jerusalem. This is a Christian recovery times, many Christian denominations sent missionaries came to Jerusalem to convert Muslims and Jews, they believe it can accelerate Jesus returns to earth. Finally, European colonialism and religious zeal also led archaeologists to the "Bible" as described in the region, especially interest in Jerusalem. Some archaeological team has done some very remarkable discovery, which sparked more interest in Jerusalem. In late 1917 the First World War, the British Middle East commander Allenby (Edmund Allenby) launched the offensive to the Turkish generals, made the victory of the Battle of Jerusalem, occupied the city. Approval of the League of the Balfour Declaration in 1922, commissioned by the British Mandate of Palestine, and to help in the region to establish a Jewish state. Hosted during the north and west of the city built a new garden suburbs and the establishment of higher education institutions, such as the Hebrew University was founded in 1925.
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Israel and the Palestinians
With the increase of Jewish immigrants, and Arabs who have escalated the conflict. 1939 on the eve of the Second World War, the British White Paper announced the cessation of Palestinian Jews, immigrants, Arabs to buy Jewish land restrictions, for the progressive transfer to a Palestinian Arab majority of the local government, the jurisdiction of the Jews in the Government under a high degree of autonomy. But after the war, as liberated from German concentration camps where hundreds of thousands of Jewish prisoners increased pressure illegal immigrants to Palestine, Britain can not properly deal with both the Arab-Israeli conflict, and refused to accept Jewish Holocaust survivors and was consistent with international public opinion condemnation, while the Jews for the rapid escalation of violence in the UK, so, in the February 15, 1947, the United Kingdom was forced to announce to the Palestinian question to the United Nations. After further investigation, on November 29 the UN General Assembly debate on the question of Palestine, by 33 votes to 13 votes through a separate nation-building program, for Jerusalem, is planning to establish a United Nations under the administration of special international regime that does not belong to the Jewish state does not Arabs are part of the country. However, this plan was never realized. May 14, 1948 when the Israeli declaration of statehood, the first Middle East war broke out. End of the war, West Jerusalem was occupied by the newly established State of Israel, and East Jerusalem (including the Old City and the West Bank) are Transjordan (now Jordan) occupation. In addition to the UK and Pakistan, other countries do not recognize East Jerusalem and the West Bank of Jordan's occupation. In 1949, Israel and Jordan signed a cease-fire agreement, the ceasefire line demarcated through the center of Jerusalem. Since then until 1967, something belonging to Jordan and Israel in Jerusalem. In 1950, the Israeli capital in West Jerusalem. In the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel annexed East Jerusalem, and immediately began to regulate the entire city into Israeli control. It occupies 6.4 square kilometers of the original Jordan 64 square kilometers of Jerusalem and the West Bank, and this place was renamed as "East Jerusalem." If the residents of the occupied area of Jordan to give up their nationality, then you can get the Israeli citizenship, but most people do not accept this treatment. In 1980 the Knes_set_ enacted "Basic Law: Jerusalem - the capital of Israel," Jerusalem is Israel to determine the "eternal and indivisible capital", but did not get national recognition. The Palestinian Authority announced that Jerusalem will become a future Palestinian state indivisible capital. In 1988, the Palestinian state was proclaimed, including China, to be recognized in nearly 100 countries. Yasser Arafat in Jerusalem, a portrait of the former Arabic and Hebrew, wrote: "Jerusalem, do not get you, my dream would not be complete!."
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Geography
Jerusalem is the geographic coordinates latitude 31 degrees 47 minutes N 35 degrees 13 minutes; in the mountains of Judah, the southern highlands, including the Mount of Olives and Lookout Mountain. Old City of Jerusalem is about 760 meters above sea level. The entire Valley and around Jerusalem was surrounded by a dry riverbed, and only the north is not very obvious. In Jerusalem, the valley has three obvious: Ji perish Valley, Gehenna and Tai Luopu valley, south of Jerusalem cross. Drain through the old city east of the valley occupied by the enemy, will be separated from the Mount of Olives and the city. Hinnom Valley in Jerusalem to the west, eschatology in the Bible is a symbol of hell. Tai Luopu Valley is located in the northwest, near the location of today's Damascus Gate, the south - southeast Note Ruxiluoya pool. Today most of Tai Luopu valley has been the past few thousand years the valley of debris piled up by the hide. 60 km west of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv is the Mediterranean, 35 km east is the Dead Sea the lowest point of the earth's surface. The neighboring city of Jerusalem south Bethlehem and Beit Jala, east of Abu Dis and Ma'ale Adummim, west of Mevaseret Zion (where the Embassy of Paraguay and Bolivia), north of Giv'at Ze'ev.
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Climate
Tropic of Cancer in the north of the latitude of Jerusalem, near the Mediterranean, as in most parts of Israel, a Mediterranean climate. The city is located in the subtropical zone, warm in the winter, but snow is not uncommon, often snow at least once a year. January is the coldest month of the year, the average temperature is 12 ℃ (53 degrees Fahrenheit), while the hottest month of the year is July and August, average temperature is 29 ℃ (84 degrees Fahrenheit). Average annual rainfall of close to 590 mm (23 inches), from May to September summer little precipitation. Jerusalem, air pollution mainly from traffic pollution, a particular focus on East Jerusalem. Many of the main streets of Jerusalem can not adapt to traffic growth, means that drivers are forced to spend more time on the road, the more carbon monoxide released into the air. Industrial pollution in the city very little, but the Israeli Mediterranean coast east of the plant may spread contamination to the city. Since the period of British Mandate Palestine, the number of new buildings constructed in whole use of Jerusalem stone. Although these numbers increase in the cost of the building, brought to the city of Jerusalem stone unique, antique look.
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Population
In 2005, the total number of the inhabitants of Jerusalem grew by 13,000 people (1.8%), also higher than the Israeli national average. The city continues to grow among the religious and ethnic composition is changing. Although the majority of the population still Jewish, but Jewish children under the age of 15 account for only 31%. This data proved that the past 40 years, the Jews in Jerusalem and the proportion of all Israel has declined. The outbreak of the Six Day War in 1967, Jews accounted for 74% of the population, 9 percent more than 2006 high. One possible reason is that the city's conservative high. Many young people leave the city or are less conservative Jewish sect; them in Tel Aviv and Haifa and other coastal cities to _set_tle down. Demographic and Jewish - Arab nation debate crack is still the main topic of Jerusalem. In 1998, the Jerusalem Development Authority President even suggested that the westward expansion of the urban boundary to include more Jews dominated areas.
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Government
Jerusalem City Council has 31 elected members, including a mayor (current mayor Yuri Rupp Lynskey) and six deputy mayors. The remaining members of the City Council is not salaried volunteer (pro bono publico). Much of the debate and consultations lawmakers in private, but the Jerusalem City Council held a public meeting every month. Included, religious parties to form a special power center, occupying the majority of seats. The city is Jerusalem area, is the capital of the area.
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Capital
In 1950, Israel declared Jerusalem as its capital, after which all sectors of the Israeli government - legislative, judicial and administrative authorities, including the Office of the President and the Prime Minister's Office - located in the city of Jerusalem. Jerusalem was divided into two parts, namely, management by Israel and Jordan, only West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. 1967 Six-Day War, Israel immediately annexed East Jerusalem, Israel, East Jerusalem is in fact achieved through armed means. July 30, 1980, the Knes_set_ passed a law ("Basic Law: Jerusalem Capital of Israel"), the proclamation of Jerusalem (including West Jerusalem and East Jerusalem) is Israel's "eternal and indivisible capital" In 1988, a Palestinian state capital in Jerusalem, including China, to be recognized in nearly 100 countries. In 1995, Congress has passed the Jerusalem Embassy Act (Jerusalem Embassy Act), the decision to the U.S. Embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. However, the new embassy building due to various reasons, has repeatedly declared that extension.
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The status of Jerusalem
As for Jerusalem, Jews, Muslims and Christians all have special significance, its status is still pending. The 10th century, its capital in Jerusalem, King David, Solomon built the temple in the city. Since then, Jerusalem has been the spiritual center of the Jewish nation, a symbol of national identity, whether Jews dispersed to where prayer is always for Jerusalem. In the Old Testament, Jerusalem is mentioned over 700 times. Over the years, the heart of Jerusalem to the role of the Jews, and Jews, extent of the city's obsession is so strong that they can not imagine a State of Israel without Jerusalem. Since the 7th century to play in 1917, the Arab Islamic Empire and the Ottoman Empire over 1,000 years, Jerusalem has to dominate. As Deng Xiao Mohammed nocturnal place, hundreds of millions of Sunni Muslims, Jerusalem is considered to be the third holy place. The most significant buildings of Jerusalem, that is, the 2 mosques on the Temple Mount - Dome Mosque (Dome of the Rock) and the Al-Aqsa Mosque. Muslim countries for a long time to have Jerusalem as a special religious and historical significance of the city, not willing to give up. Arafat, U.S. President Bill Clinton even said that if he issues in East Jerusalem, a compromise with Israel, he worried about being assassinated. Before the establishment of the State of Israel, Jerusalem is a British trust territory of Palestine (including today's Israel and Jordan) of the capital. The British mandate government in dealing with the issue of Jewish immigration has caused much controversy, and ultimately forced to surrender Palestine to the United Nations. The end of 1948 the first Arab-Israeli War, Jerusalem was divided between Israel and Jordan, the West Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, Jordan occupied East Jerusalem. After 1967, all of Jerusalem was under Israeli control. Palestinians in East Jerusalem's status is uncertain. In accordance with Israeli law, living in East Jerusalem Palestinians to give up their Jordanian nationality if, will automatically receive Israeli citizenship; but most Palestinians reject Israeli citizenship (because they think it is a recognition that the Israeli occupation), only permanent residence. They can move freely in Israel, but if they are out of Israel (such as the move to the Palestinian territories), they will lose this right, shall not be moved back. So they can not access the relatives and friends living in the Palestinian areas, even those friends and relatives to live in a few kilometers outside the West Bank. Another controversial matter is the Israeli occupation of East Jerusalem, not in census records prior to the status of family members. If they go back to East Jerusalem and reunited with their families, they must be approved by the Israeli Ministry of the Interior. Palestinians complained that Israeli authorities to arbitrarily refuse the application, because they want to limit the Palestinian population of East Jerusalem, Israeli authorities said that they are fair treatment of Palestinians. These disputes are often the Palestinian and Israeli human rights organizations criticized the place. Currently, Israel has legislation to determine its permanent indivisible Jerusalem is the capital. The Palestinian Authority also claims that the capital of a future Palestinian state will be based in East Jerusalem. Currently, the most prominent Palestinian official in the city there is the Orient House, the headquarters of the Palestine Liberation Organization late 20th century. Jerusalem as an international city's proposal is put forward by Christians, Christians in Jerusalem is the smallest, but for them, Jerusalem is a Holy City. This proposal also received the support of the Pope. According to the Oslo agreement, the final status of Jerusalem will be negotiated peace.
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Culture
Although mainly based on religious sites in Jerusalem known around the world, but the city also has many cultural and artistic places. Israel Museum, Jerusalem's most important art museums, attracting nearly 100 million visitors each year, one third from Israel abroad. 80,000 square meters, the museum includes several art institutions, the main archaeological collections from around the world, sculpture and traditional art. Israel Museum's most famous collection of humanities is the Dead Sea Scrolls, the mid-20th century, found not far away from Jerusalem; the Dead Sea Scrolls in the museum collection, "Sacred Books of the niche" in the. Museum education of children in the region also play an important role with 10 million children each year visit the museum's youth department. The Israel Museum in Jerusalem, the city has three subsidiary art museum - the Rockefeller Archaeological Museum (former Palestinian Archaeological Museum), Di Xiao and Perry Arts Center Museum. Rockefeller Museum opened in 1938, in East Jerusalem, and has collected half of the 20th century artifacts found. Di Xiao museum is located in downtown Jerusalem, the main collection of the works of Israeli artists Annuodixiao. Another prominent cultural institutions in the city's Museum of Jewish martyrdom (Yad Vashem), an area of 4,200 square meters, the museum has the world's largest library of information about the Holocaust, it is estimated over one hundred thousand books or papers [87]. Museum of the Holocaust from a Jewish point of view narrative. Other survivors of the art museum. [88] In addition there are the victims of the Holocaust memorial; annual Holocaust Remembrance Day (Yom HaShoah) held in commemoration of these places. Museum of Jewish martyrdom is a research and educational institutions, tourists in this can reflect on the Holocaust. Jerusalem Symphony Orchestra is the city's famous orchestra, founded in 1940. The band performing not only in Jerusalem, but also the whole world cities, including Vienna, Frankfurt and New York City. From the Old City of Jerusalem within walking distance, there is a cultural district, including the Khan Theater, the city's only repertory theater and performing arts center in Jerusalem, held more than 150 concerts each year. Jerusalem Music Centre and other excellent facilities and the Palestinian National Theatre. Palestinian National Theatre, founded in 1984, first as the only East Jerusalem, the arts and cultural institutions [93] are still only staged the works of the Palestinian point of view. Since 1961, held each summer national "Israel Day", there will be many international artists and street performers. Jerusalem, most of which hosted the festival performances. In addition, since 2000, gay pride parade held in the local community, causing the Muslims, Jews and Christians of the same discontent, worry about "profane"; or even bloody incidents that the police responsible for protecting the procession, the cancellation request The parade.
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Religious sites
Jerusalem in the three Abrahamic faiths - Judaism, Christianity and Islam and many other smaller religious groups, such as the Baha'i Faith plays an important role. Statistical Yearbook of Jerusalem 2000 show, the city has a 1204 city synagogues, 158 churches and 73 mosques. However, the Jerusalem that is peaceful coexistence between religions harbor, also caused much debate, particularly on the Temple Mount. Jerusalem has usually been considered to be Islam's third holiest. Prior to the Mecca, Jerusalem is the Muslim prayer direction. In the 620 years of Muhammad's Night Teng Xiao (Muslims believe that Muhammad miraculously in a night from Mecca to Jerusalem and the Temple Mount, to heaven, met earlier prophets), the Muslim control of Jerusalem has long been . "Koran" Chapter 17, Night 1 records Muhammad's deeds to Jerusalem on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem today, mosques, Block 2, to commemorate the event - is mentioned in the Quran Al-Aqsa Mosque, which Muslims believe Muhammad Mohammed login Xiao Xiao Deng Night on the Dome of the Rock. Central Pakistan city of Jerusalem in the Judea Mountains, East near the Dead Sea, west of the Mediterranean coastal plain, an area of 109 square km (1967), 720-790 meters above sea level, population 567,100 (the end of 1993). Jerusalem Old City and the Metro by the two parts. 1860 years ago, was so from the edge of the old city wall around the quadrangle, the city sub-Jews, Muslims, Christians, Armenians and four neighborhoods. 1028 BC, King David, King Saul and his successors will be the tribes united into a nation. King David in 1004 BC, the capital built here, and the Ark of the Covenant relocated now, from Jerusalem to establish a special status in history. Prince David, King Solomon built here, the first Jewish temple. This is nearly 3,000 years after the long years among the foreign occupation and domination, Jerusalem gone through many hardships and vicissitudes of life, the rise and fall several times. Some of the rulers in this massive construction projects, some of the rulers to plunder and destruction. Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, Arabs, Crusaders, Mamo Luke Jun, Turks, the British conquerors in this Dengjun exercised as the power of the rulers, at least decades, as many hundreds of years. They actively to establish the nation's sphere of influence, to spread their cultural and religious influence. But the wheel of history move forward dreams crushed the invaders, Jerusalem in the catastrophe gradually grow, grow and become world-renowned historic city. Jerusalem is the birthplace of Judaism and the followers are the most holy place in mind, the witness of the national history and a symbol of national revival. Mount Zion Old City's Western Wall is the Roman Empire in AD 70 destroyed by the residual remains of the Second Temple, the original west of the Second Temple courtyard wall, is a Jewish pilgrimage. According to legend, the Romans occupied the city, during the Jewish Sabbath to the Western Wall under constant cry condolences to sustenance of my country's grief. Since then, crying over the Jews to come here fairly frequently, it is also known as the "Wailing Wall." The wall has now become part of the Al-Aqsa Mosque in the West walls. In addition, the famous Tower of David, St Anne's church, St. James Church and other buildings with strong oriental flavor and numerous other ancient Jewish synagogue. Jerusalem is the Christian holy sites. According to legend, Jesus was the founder of Christianity, one of the 12 disciples after Judas betrayed in the last Passover dinner, was the Jewish rulers reappear, according to the laws of the Roman Empire, he was sentenced to death, crucified Jesus outside the city of the cross. "Bible", said Jesus to Jerusalem just follow God's will, died for the redemption of the sin of the world. But the resurrection after his death, 40 days go to heaven, again returned to the side of God. He lives in Jerusalem is the most critical moment through the place. Christianity, Jesus is the Son of God, is God the Savior of mankind. Passion of Jesus was crucified, the last time dinner dining room, the mother of Roman Emperor Constantine I, Empress Helena in 335 AD when Jerusalem parade on the construction of the Holy Sepulchre of Jesus church cemetery, etc., are in the world of Christ the eyes of the Holy Land Christians. In 1965, Israel has built in Jerusalem a city of the Israel Museum. The museum exhibition by the arts and crafts, Jewish art and ethnography exhibition hall and other parts. Preserved here, including the famous "Dead Sea Scrolls" (also known as "Dead Sea parchment" and "The Dead Sea Scrolls"), including the extremely rare "Bible" Manuscripts. The history of Jerusalem, established in 1988 Tower of David Museum, the collection of artifacts since the First Temple period, since the Canaanites 4,000 years of Jerusalem since the start of the history of reproduction. "Jerusalem" in the Hebraic language means "city of peace." It is Israel's largest city, the national political and economic center, a variety of cultures and ethnic groups to gather. This building _set_ the essence of Eastern and Western architecture, with a span of several historic architectural style of the era. Many historical relics, religious sites and various monuments, experience rendered on behalf of men of letters, to Jerusalem covered with a strong religious magic, it seems there's a brick wall of a stone column in the past, visitors to tell is long lost era of story. In 1981, the Old City of Jerusalem and its walls were included among the World Heritage List.
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Sports
Jerusalem, the two most popular sports are football and basketball. Jerusalem is Israel's most popular team Bita Er, one of many former and current political celebrities, such as Benjamin Netanyahu, is the team's fans. Another major football team in Jerusalem Hapoel Jerusalem Football Club is one of Bita Er's main rival. Bi Taer the state of Israel has won the cup 5 times champion (1976, 1979, 1985, 1986 and 1989) and Hapoel won only once (1973). Similarly, the Bi Taer high reputation of Israel to participate in Super League, while Hapoel is more time to participate in the Israeli League. In basketball, Hapoel Jerusalem basketball club more advantages. Although control of Maccabi Tel Aviv basketball team has never won the league championship, however, Hapoel Jerusalem, Israel has won the Cup three times (1996, 1997 and 2007) and a UEFA Cup (2004).特迪科莱克 stadium opening in 1989, is the main football stadium in Jerusalem, with 21,000 seats.
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Economy
Historically, Jerusalem, Jaffa and Gaza away from the main port, the economy depends almost entirely on religious pilgrimage to Jerusalem's religious sites is to attract foreign tourists are still the main destination for most tourists will visit the Western Wall and the Old City of Jerusalem, however, since the Since 1967, Jerusalem in the economy has made considerable progress, far more than just a religious shrine. Many statistics show that economic growth in Jerusalem. However, the Palestinians of East Jerusalem-based development lags far behind the West Jerusalem. However, Arab families have an employed population ratio (76.1%) was higher than that of Jewish families (66.8%). Jerusalem, the unemployment rate (8.3%) slightly lower than the national average (9.0%), working population accounted for less than half the population over the age of 15, down from Tel Aviv (58.0%) and Haifa (52.4%). In recent years, poverty and population explosion in Jerusalem, from 2001 to 2007, the population below the poverty line increased by 40%. In 2006, Jerusalem, the average monthly income of workers in 5,940 new shekels (1,410 dollars), lower than the 1,350 workers in Tel Aviv shekels. In order to protect the city's unique religious sites in Jerusalem are not allowed the development of heavy industry; and Jerusalem, only about 2.2% of the land for industrial and infrastructure facilities. In contrast, Tel Aviv, the land for industrial and infrastructure, the proportion of more than 2 times to reach Jerusalem, and Haifa, it's 7 times. Although Tel Aviv remains Israel's financial center, but located in Jerusalem, a global high-tech companies are on the rise. Various types of large companies were stationed north of Jerusalem, Kazakhstan Ziwei Mu (Har Hotzvim) regions, including Intel, Teva Pharmaceuticals (Teva Pharmaceuticals) and ECI Telecom. Industrial Park, when completed, will include more than 100 enterprises, a fire station, a school, an area of 53 hectares. Since the founding of Israel, the central government in Jerusalem has played an important role in the economy. Focus on the central government in Jerusalem, not only provide many jobs in the region, but also has the potential to provide benefits and incentives.
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Traffic
The nearest airport is from Jerusalem Atta Lott (Atarot) airport. It is 2001, due to the conflict in Ramallah and the West Bank closed, has been controlled by the Israel Defense Forces. Air transport in the region now rely on Ben Gurion International Airport, which also services the people of Jerusalem and Tel Aviv. Israel's only two international airports, Ben Gurion International Airport is the busiest airport in Israel, 900 million passengers transported every year. Domestic traffic between major cities by rail, by 2010, Israel's railway system will transport 40 million annual passengers. Jerusalem, Jerusalem train station to send the majority of inter-city trains, a railway terminus. Although the issue of Jerusalem is also inter-city train station car line, but Jerusalem central bus terminus is the main car departure station, the world's second largest bus company 艾格德巴士 Company (Egged Bus) business. Expected to be completed by 2011, from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem Jerusalem high-speed railway line will also be the central bus terminus to the end. (Later changed to the train station). Begin Expressway is the main north-south direction of the roads in Jerusalem one; through the west of the city, and then incorporated into Tel Aviv, Israel, leading to Highway 443. Israel Highway 60 through the city center near the Green Line, east Jerusalem and West Jerusalem will be separated. Israel is constructing a 35 km long ring road, hope to connect the suburbs with the central business district, so that the region more prosperous. Planning in the eastern half of the project 10 years ago, but the response to this proposal is still a matter of opinion. So far, the city's traffic in addition to private cars, taxis and bus lines can only choose. However, the situation will soon change: currently constructing a new rail rapid transit system. The system was originally proposed in 1995, since then, due to low cost, less disruptive, and to protect the city's aesthetic value, _select_ed light rail as rapid transit mode. 8 lines of the first Jerusalem light rail, shipping an estimated 20 million people a day, with 24 stations, is expected to be completed in January 2009.
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Education
University of Jerusalem Jerusalem, another important nearby institutions of higher education, which was established late (1984) This university is the region most Arab and Palestinian institutions, claiming to be the only Arab University in Jerusalem. University of Jerusalem is located southeast of the city, the campus area of 19 square meters. University of Jerusalem there are two other Hebraic University of Jerusalem Institute of the Arts: Music and Dance in Jerusalem and the Bezalel School of Art and Design. Jerusalem Institute of Technology Founded in 1969, the creation of engineering and other high-tech industry, but also to Jewish education. Many schools in Jerusalem - from universities to primary schools - all for religious education. Yeshiva and Jewish schools throughout the city, originated in Belarus 米尔耶希瓦 (ישיבת מיר, Mir yeshiva) is Israel's largest country a school. 2003-2004 school year, nearly 8,000 12th graders in the Hebrew school. However, the large number of people enrolled in Jewish Orthodox schools, only 55% of the students passed the entrance examination (Bagrut), only 37% to college. And the different public schools, most schools allow students Orthodox standardized tests. Most parts of Jerusalem and Israel was criticized for the quality of Palestinian schools than Jewish schools. East Jerusalem Arabs gathered, many schools are overcrowded, thousands of students over forty-five, can not be a reasonable education. Palestinian students as public schools need Bagrut examination, many of the school curriculum with the track with the Israelis. Therefore, the focus on Judaism, even if most of the Palestinian students do not accept this religion.
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Song - Jerusalem
歌曲——耶路撒冷
Jerusalem - Through time and geographical isolation temperament Artist: Jade Liu Jerusalem, kneeling in worship all day long the left bank of the Jordan River The church bells are also believes in the love of God hovering Jerusalem to worship all day long the air of your eye meditation Desire for a city of peace, my prayers are still not in love Everyone is so pious Love is just love with each unknown Who embrace the extension when the lonely You are in the ruins of the middle of a kiss After waiting forever to wait for a person He responded like an angel coming all your prayers Love does not begin until the special needs of So you get what you find is not necessarily better You keep looking for the streets of Jerusalem You love the sign with a past life doomed God waved a finger to _set_ a trap About love may be suitable for pondering Jerusalem, kneeling in worship all day long the left bank of the Jordan River The church bells are also believes in the love of God hovering Jerusalem to worship all day long the air of your eye meditation Desire for a city of peace, my prayers are still not in love Everyone is so pious Love is just love with each unknown Who embrace the extension when the lonely You are in the ruins of the middle of a kiss After waiting forever to wait for a person He responded like an angel coming all your prayers Love does not begin until the special needs of So you get what you find is not necessarily better You keep looking for the streets of Jerusalem You love the sign with a past life doomed God waved a finger to _set_ a trap About love may be suitable for pondering Star of Jerusalem - Shuimunianhua How beautiful the night sky falling slowly Fell asleep on the street, little star Flashing lights in the eyes of a dream I looked at the stars separated philosophy One day Mom and Dad do not know gone After I lost all the guns I have no one to care I cry silently watching the stars I imagine it will change someday i wish a world without hate I want to wake up someday it will change i wish a warm world One day Mom and Dad do not know gone After I lost all the guns I have no one to care I cry silently watching the stars I imagine it will change someday i wish a world without hate I want to wake up someday it will change i wish a warm world I imagine it will change someday i wish a world without hate I want to wake up someday it will change i wish a warm world
