Amon Isoetes iso phytina The door a sub-door. Stem block, 2 ~ 3 crack, the lower part of root, leaf flat like leek, base expanded into a sheath-like, ro_set_te-like stems was born, near the ventral surface of a leaf to expand at the tongue, the lower source-like protection of a gill cover ─ ─ border membrane structure, covered with axillary sporangia grow. Often large outer leaves of sporangia was born in leaf axils, small sporangia are born in the inner leaf, which were produced large and small spores, development of National Cheng Kung University after germination, small gametophytes produce male and female organs of sexual reproduction. Grasses and leaves with 4 longitudinal gas chamber, and often the lateral membrane separated into small rooms, the water plants are endemic. Head of the Asia-door only 1 1 family, existing only 1 genus Isoetes. About 60 species, widely distributed around the world. China only found three kinds: ① Isoetes, only produced in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China; ② broad leaf grasses (see color), produced in Yunnan, Japan and Korea; ③ Taiwan grasses, unique to Taiwan. They were born in the swamp, ditch the mud pond, due to man-made environmental damage, has been listed as national first. Over the past Isoetes scale leaves as a project on the door, and Lycopodium mesh, parallel mesh Selaginella; Modern Rock Song Ya Ha was a target. Ching published in 1978, when China established ferns grasses and sub-system door. Isoetes sporophyte body shape leeks, and monocotyledons similar to the short block stem diameter, stem and bottom of the vertical trench to be like many adventitious roots, with prop roots, stems and secondary growth within the structure. Slender leaves clustered, spirally arranged closely, the adaxial leaf mask tongue, the size of sporophyll of the points. Peripheral stem mostly megasporophyll, but mostly near the middle of a small sporophylls. Sporophyll sporangia born under the tongue leaves a special pockets, the pockets are often some of the sterile cells formed by the transverse septa are separated outside the affinity membrane. 150-300 sporangia containing large pieces of large spores, small sporangium containing microspores 300,000 or more. Sporangia not adapted to the particular organization spread spores, sporangium wall rot alone distributed. Gametophyte extremely degraded, with male and female gametophyte of the points, and similar gametophytes Selaginella, and Isoetes is a multi-flagellated sperm. Isoetes about 70 species, mostly sub-aquatic or marsh growth, China has three kinds, the most common for Isoetes (i.sinensis palmer), widely distributed in the Yangtze River region, grasses and (i . japonica a.br.) southwest of production.
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Taxonomic status
Amon Isoetes (Isoephytina) is Pteridophyta (Pteridophyta) of a sub-door. Over the past Isoetes scale leaves as a project on the door, and Lycopodium mesh, parallel mesh Selaginella; Modern Rock Song Ya Ha was a target. Ching published in 1978, when China established ferns grasses and sub-system door.
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Species distribution
Head of the Asia-door only 1 1 family, existing only 1 genus Isoetes. About 60 species, widely distributed around the world. China only found three kinds: ① Isoetes, only produced in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China; ② broad leaf grasses produced in Yunnan, Japan and Korea; ③ Taiwan grasses, unique to Taiwan. They were born in the swamp, ditch the mud pond, due to man-made environmental damage, the third category has been listed as national protected plants.
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Morphology
Stem block, 2 ~ 3 crack, the lower part of root, leaf flat like leek, base expanded into a sheath-like, ro_set_te-like stems was born, near the ventral surface of a leaf to expand at the tongue, the lower source-like protection of a gill cover ─ ─ border membrane structure, covered with axillary sporangia grow. Leaves often large sporangia born outside the leaf axils, small inner leaves of sporangia are born, they were produced large and small spores, development of National Cheng Kung University after germination, small gametophyte, resulting in male and female organs of sexual reproduction. Grasses and leaves with 4 longitudinal gas chamber, and often the lateral membrane separated into small rooms, the water plants are endemic.
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Growth conditions
Distribution belonged to the sub-tropical climate is mild and humid, rainy spring and summer, sunny in winter than the cold, in January the average temperature for 2 ~ 7 ℃, 7 monthly average temperature is 27 ~ 29 ℃, 1000 ~ 1500 mm. Mainly grow in shallow ponds and valley silt soil; soil rich in organic matter content, pH value of 6 to 6.5. Property values have steadily main companion grass (Hippochate ramosissima Bermer), rice group (Gonostegia hirta Miq.), Alligator Weed (Alternanthera sessilis DC.), Hygrophila (Hygrophila salicifolia Nees), and Eclipta intestine (Eclipata prostrata L.) and so on. Spores of the end of May to the end of 10.
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Main species
Isoetes (Isoetes L.): the body shape of sporophyte leeks, and monocotyledons similar to the short block stem diameter, stem and bottom of the vertical trench to be like many adventitious roots, with prop roots, stems and secondary growth within structure. Slender leaves clustered, spirally arranged closely, the adaxial leaf mask tongue, the size of sporophyll of the points. Peripheral stem mostly megasporophyll, but mostly near the middle of a small sporophylls. Sporophyll sporangia born under the tongue leaves a special pockets, the pockets are often some of the sterile cells formed by the transverse septa are separated outside the affinity membrane. Large sporangia containing spores of 150 ~ 300 large and small sporangium containing microspores 300,000 or more. Sporangia not adapted to the particular organization spread spores, sporangium wall rot alone distributed. Gametophyte extremely degraded, with male and female gametophyte of the points, and similar gametophytes Selaginella, and Isoetes is a multi-flagellated sperm. Isoetes about 70 species, mostly sub-aquatic or marsh growth, China has three kinds, the most common for Isoetes (I.sinensis Palmer), widely distributed in the Yangtze River region, grasses (I . japonica A.Br.) southwest of production. Isoetes (Isoetes sinensis Palmer): perennial marsh plant, plant height of 15 to 30 centimeters; roots fleshy, massive, slightly 2 to 3, with most of the root of the binary differences; up most of the bunch axis imbricate leaves. Leaves succulent, herbaceous, bright green, linear, 15 to 30 cm, width 1 to 2 mm, with four vertical lines in the airway around the ribs, and a diaphragm chamber divided into the majority, apex acuminate, base sheath broad, membranous, yellow-white, concave abdomen, upper triangular acuminate leaf tongue indentation Health sporangia. Sporangia oval, about 9 mm, 3 mm in diameter, covered with white membrane; large sporangia often born outside the base of the axial plane leaves, there are four small white granular-shaped megaspore; born microsporangium within the leaf base of the axial plane, there are many on both sides of the gray powder form small spores. Distributed in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River in some areas, such as: Nanjing, Jiangsu, Anhui Xiuning, Tunxi, and Dang, Hangzhou, Zhuji, Jiande and Lishui and other places. As agricultural production and construction and the development of aquaculture, natural environmental changes and water disappear, the species in many places no longer exist.
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Conservation value
Isoetes Isoetes is the only living survivor families, were classified as proposed in the classification of fern, fern leaf is small, but It is different from other members, such as Lycopodium, Selaginella, Equi_set_um, but also from its leaf length from linear, no complex type of vein-class organization. Therefore, the system has done some research on the evolution of value.
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Protection measures
Proposal of the species distribution of nature reserves, landscape protection areas should be listed as a protected object, or in the cultivation conditions to preserve and multiply.
Isoetales