"Folk art" in the field of art to a classification, in accordance with literally is "a certain art" a form of expression, and calls the "civil" character, apparently with the so-called "court art" and "aristocratic Art "has been separated. But aside, "folk art" how wide the field, its basic structure "a certain art" focuses on "art", so we need to first understand the implications on the arts. "Ci Hai" (Taiwan Zhonghua Book Company) has the following definition: "Art" (Art) A generalized: any activity with the skills and minds of its production, such as machinery, craftsmen, construction, housing and the like, them registering art; justice fairly and technology. Second, the narrow sense: the value refers to the activity with the United States, or the activities of the product; meaning and art (fine art) the same. Art is seen in terms of knowledge and technology, it is a "clever art" or "process." This art from the Zhou dynasty in the six (six arts: ritual, music, archery, riding, writing, arithmetic), and "Zhou" Zheng Note Books National Studies on the basic "hundreds of hands," the notes, that the original Art Significance refers to "process", and we can conclude that ancient book of definitions: 1. Technology is the knowledge necessary for life. 2. Technology is something humans create life and appliances. 3. Process is the consideration of material and processing technology way of making artificial objects to the matter. 4. Technology is skilled sophisticated technology. By the definition of art listed above, and then calls the "folk" from "folk art", not difficult to understand "folk art" actually means "folk art", and different from the "noble craft," "mechanical process" , "Industrial Technology", "Arts and Crafts", "modern technology" and other art. Jufan civil formation, development and widespread tradition of the various popular folk art and color with the technology and arts, such as traditional crafts, drama, dance, music, sculpture, weaving, Chinese knots, cut carving, puppetry, magic , acrobatics, aboriginal culture ... ... and so on, all belong to folk art.
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Introduction of Chinese folk art of the miniature:
Our teacher Guo Yueming that: the subtle art of you in subtle, it is difficult in subtle, because it not only its small operation, you must also look at the art of the smile on reproduction, flavor. Every subtle art, not without success in the implementation of the basic skills on the same time, they encrusted the effort and sweat. He expects us to a new generation of miniature artists to have achieved, do not expect the art of riding, overnight; he expect us to work one day social recognition, he was ashamed to go for kitsch of phony. Today, he remains unchanged buried in the small room in temper, I do not know twilight, also houses the so-called winter and summer; in the subtle art of this vibrant field than on the hard, expecting nothing, but also houses the so-called personal fame and gain. Indifferent quiet, endure loneliness; aloof, quest does not have, this is the life of the Chinese miniature artists Arts and injustice.
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Shadow
"Shadow" is the shadow and the shadow figures (including the scene scenery props) products, universal title. Chinese shadow play art, folk arts and crafts and drama of ingenious combination of a unique artistic variety, is essential to the halls of the Chinese art of a delicate pearl. Shadow play is to let the audience through a white curtain, watching a couple of people show lights in plane to achieve the artistic effect of the dramatic form; and shadow play dolls and scenes prop plane scene, usually by hand, folk artists, painted carving knife from leather products, so called shadow. As for the shadow in the figure, landscape modeling and production, but is part of the folk art category. . In order to adapt its form of shadow puppet screen video, to take a combination of abstract and realistic approach to the characters and scenes features a bold graphic, art, cartoon, drama and integrated treatment. The mask image with vivid style dress, exaggerated and humorous. Or the simple, bold, or delicate and romantic. Work together with the smooth carving, painting the beautiful, whole body and limbs through the tick effect of flexible production process, really make people pleasant, put it down. Shadow people products (referred to as the shadow people) is not just for the shadow puppet show, and everyone can play with both hands to play and entertainment, but also can be placed on top of the window or white wall, as Art Deco interior. As simple and elegant style shadow play, national smell strong, there is both art appreciation of the value of the collection, so many domestic and foreign museums, collectors, artists and puppet enthusiasts are in possession of Chinese shadow play. In international exchanges, people are often superior to Chinese Shadow Puppet gift gift for the international friends.
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Kite
Kites originated in China, the kite industry is the world recognized the same conclusion. China's first kite is made of ancient scientists Mo Di, early kite is mainly used in military, from the late Tang Dynasty began to be used as a toy, now a part of Chinese kite also exported to Japan, Korea, Europe and other countries.
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Paper-cut
Paper-cut is the most popular traditional decorative folk art. Material easy to get around because of its low cost, effective legislation, see, wide adaptation and generally popular; but also because it is the most suitable for rural women, leisure and production, both as a practical matter, but also beautify the living. Could be seen cutting across the country, and even different parts of the formation of the genre. Paper-cut not only the aesthetic preferences of the masses, and the nation's social Han Yun deep psychological, but also the most unique folk art, one worthy of particular features of its shape. Now is the kind found in the first paper-cut tombs in the Northern and Southern groups of animals spent flowers, scholars think that women can use to push dates back to the Han and Tang won gold and silver foil cut side decoration attached to the temples for the customs, and Cai Lun Although previously found kind of paper the Eastern Han Dynasty, in the strict sense of the fear of not cutting back in the Han Dynasty. Early Taoist Ritual Evocation cutting ceremony with some spirit about, such as Du Fu's poetry there, "I wash my feet warm soup, paper-cutting move my soul," the clearly documented. Hmong New Year today, still cut in the shape of ghosts on the door affixed to the barn or witchcraft practices. In the past, people often made of paper of various shapes in the objects and portraits, together with the burial or funeral of the deceased burning, the practice can still be seen outside of China sometimes. The art of symbolism generally, in addition to paper-cut is also used as sacrificial offerings used by their ancestors and gods ornament. Now, more for decorative paper cutting. Paper-cut can be used for decorative walls, doors and windows, room and pillar, mirrors, lamps and lanterns can also be used as a decoration for the gift, or even cutting themselves as a gift to others. It is also often the previous paper-cut art for embroidery and painting models. Skilled folk artists playing only a plan to cut the paper with scissors directly to graphics, professional artists are useful to the board in the wax knife maker, saying "engraved paper." After drafting, cut engraving, paste, exposing off, dressing made of carved through layers of paper at once, and increase production.
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Nuclear Eagle
Nuclear is a folk art carving of a must. It is a stone in the plant, the use of its features or undulating shape change, embrace a variety of carved figures, animals, landscapes, buildings, units, Pavilion, Pavilion and so on. The raw material of nuclear carved walnuts, Peach, olive, ivory nut, almond, cherry, etc., the best is olive nucleus, the volume is only one finger so much. In such a small carving on the olive, the degree of difficulty can be imagined. It is difficult because of its operational nuclear carving skills rarely successor. Head clear. The most famous stone sculptor Ming is revealed between Jiangsu Yushan (now Changshu) Wang Yi (Zi Shu Yuan, No. Chu-ping Hermit). He revealed two years (1622) created the "boat of Red Cliff" is a stone carving in the history of the treasures. Boat about 3 cm (cm), height of about 0.5cm, the middle compartment, on the canopy cover of the next to open small window, so all four, and can open and close. Diaolan near the window on the right moment, "a high mountain on the small", "bottom", the left inscribed "gentle breeze", "not stirred." Carved bow and friends yellow Lu Chih Su, monk Foyin 3 people, including Su, Lu Chih Huang a book they were reading the Executive, and Foyin monks as Maitreya, topless, left arm worry beads, prayer beads Lilikeshuo . If they had a stern oar, oar the boatman about one of the sculpture. Ship back inscription: "Apocalypse Saigon Autumn Yushan Wang Yishu far carved." Writing as fine as mosquito-feet, and carved seal chapter, "Chu-ping Hermit." This stone carving of nuclear Zhou Ming Jiang later became a model to emulate. "Boating DONGPOCHIBI" pushed the art of carving history of the nuclear peak. Iranian author of science Wei Ming Dynasty "nuclear Zhou Ji" recorded details of the case. After New China was founded, "Nuclear Zhou Ji" is loaded secondary school textbooks, and therefore the nuclear boat name to China. Yixing sculptor carved Qiushan skilled walnuts, Su Tour themes are mostly the Red Cliff, fishing music, a hundred flowers, landscapes and so on. Qing Dynasty, the art of stone carving further enhancement of the traditional areas of Jiangsu. Emperor Kangxi, Suzhou Jin old (name unknown), Jiading sealed tin, and Qianlong Lu Suzhou Dushi yuan, Chen Junyu stone carvings are all hand-held. Paul sealed tin of olive-carving "Caoqiao Dream", building, characters, etc. on the composition well organized, and with possession of Arthur Liu Shu, Chapman lying dog, fully demonstrated the village at night. Chen Junyu olive-carving "hump for the elderly", wearing a brown cap, beard, clothes, a shoulder patch, hand-held one, fan inscribed with poetry; he Yangmei-carving of the "monkeys", looks complete with, according to "Jin trivial" records, and some artists to Peach carved into a 108 thread beads, each costing beads engraved with 3 to 6 Rohan, different attitude, without a similar appearance. In addition, the Jiaqing, Dynasty, the stone carvings in Fujian Xiapu Shao Jian Ming Jiang creative side, "Dongpo Tour Red Cliff", "support the provision of canopy window, Jiang Liu _set_ off" boat people, side of the scull and detailed characterization. Since ancient times, to play the celebrity list goes nuclear, from the Ming and Qing emperors, to kings and ministers, to a part of everyday business magnates from the fu JIA, Ming Xi Zong Zhu carved by the school their own hands, the Qing Emperor Qianlong carved preference is a plus for nuclear . They carved as a small nuclear hanging in the belt she, Wan Shan or embroidered bags following falling objects, as the decoration and embellishment, but it is also can be treated. Later to the mid-Qing Dynasty, carved items of nuclear material is not light as fall decoration and embellishment, and many olive and walnut-carving crafts specifically for hands caress literati or rich kids play. Olive-carving also accompanied by a variety of sight-seeing boat hollow carved ivory, mahogany stand, display rack in the micro-Bo Gu enjoy. Stone carvings have been climbing the value of life, from the play turns into goods and collection, appreciation, appreciation, and fitness for a multi-function arts and crafts. Nuclear carved its unique artistic charm to many collectors amazed and fascinated by the player, always optimistic about the market, which also inspired the ingenuity of the artists creating enthusiasm and intelligence. Succession of predecessors of today's nuclear carved exquisite traditional art, but into a new era of content and technique, the magic of this ancient and folk art to another peak. Past human Yang Hongwu nuclear carved "South Lake Red Boat," who understand the performance of multi-nuclear boats ancient figures, Hebei Province, Yang Hongwu carving Arts and Crafts master the nuclear ship "South Lake Red Boat" to the introduction of photo portraits created nuclear boat In a realistic characterization of the party delegates, to show the "Sunrise East, epoch-making" is a great initiative, when to break new ground, both the past serve the present, but also innovation, so that the ancient art of nuclear boat gives new meaning. Nuclear Boat, "South Lake Red Boat", olive nuclear material, Mr. Yang Hongwu created in June 2006 completed March 12, 2009 Donation Maritime Museum. It is reported that Yang Hongwu carved addition to the nuclear donor, "South Lake Red Boat", but also includes "Tin Hau", "Zheng Chenggong miss home," two works. This delicate and small size of nuclear carved miniature crafts, as long as those who make him a superb sculpture and creative themes with contemporary admiration of collectors and their tastes, but also has some new ideas and taste, such The popularity of the nuclear carving and cherish forever . The main tools for carving stone file, chisel, drill. File file hairy, light filing, round file. Well-chisel chisel, gouge two. Stone carving process is: ① file with the hair, light filing the initial processing of stone. ② design ideas, and draw in the stone-like. ③ by painting with a round file rough samples, make the rough shape. ④ detailed carving knife with a chisel and chisel a small party characterization of the eyebrows, eyes, mouth to describe other small round chisel. ⑤ polishing, waxing. Finally, drill, thread into the beads, or together with the base, as the appreciation of products.
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Spring Festival: Lion Dance
Around the Spring Festival, many thousands of years to form the habits and customs. Some practices, such as Jie Shen, Respect, etc., with the superstitious. As people raise the level of science and culture has been gradually phased out, some practices, given the new content, such as firecrackers, display scrolls and paintings, playing the dragon and lion dances, etc., has remained widely popular. Lion Dance Every time "firecrackers sound in addition to old age", in the vast land of China, the traditional Lion Dance to send along with the warm spring breeze and the joy of the drums, in towns and rural areas. For the annual Lunar New Year, adding to the rich atmosphere of joy. Lion is a traditional folk of sports, originated in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. U-turn stampeding elephants scared, but also took the opportunity to command soldiers Que million crossbow lit, the elephant suddenly startled to running around like mad, and many fell to the trap, and like all captured alive. ... ... Since then, the lion dance popular in the military first and then spread to people. Tang Dynasty poet, the "Xiliang so" in there "barbarian Mask Lion Mask, carved wood for the first wire for the tail; gold plated silver eyes post teeth, rose sweater _set_ ears ... ...." Can be seen in the Tang Dynasty has a similar modern lion dance. Why do people like the lion dance during Chinese New Year it? It is said that the early Ming Dynasty, Foshan, Guangdong, a monster appears, every age will do, the suburbs in Foshan, everywhere ravaging crops and injure people and livestock, Farmers cope with their pain, people will bring a number of lions bamboo grate beaten model and apply a variety of mottled colors, pre-arranged, and when the monster appears, drums and gongs, Fen lions dance, marching together toward the other end monster, that monster frightened, turned tail and ran, and later, local villagers believe that the lion a drive out the devils of power, with auspicious omen. As a result, the Spring Festival every year to play drums, from house to house, New Year Lion Dance, point to show consumer harm, forecasting auspicious meaning. Lion dance, in addition to the Spring Festival, but in the happy days, often a lion dance performances. Lion people generally play by the two have worked together a great lion (lion too, said some areas), a person dressed as a lion (Leo said in some areas), another play warrior, holding a hydrangea for guidance, and the first open kick boxing in order to entice the lion dance. With the drums lion fast, slow, light, heavy, suddenly looked up eagerly, suddenly low back care, suddenly creeping back, suddenly chasing its tail varied and interesting, in imitation of action, there lick hair, wipe your feet, Saotou, wash ear, pilgrimages, rolling and other activities; in skill, there on the balcony, over bridges, across three hills, out of its hole, downhill, ball, spit ball and adopt green and so on. Bamboo horse, usually leather or bamboo strips with bamboo Zhaqi skeleton, wall paper out of paper, then made through the painting. Bamboo horse is divided into two halves before and after, the Department of the performer's waist, so that performers such as horse-like. Yangcheng County, Shanxi Jincheng City, it is filled with Chinese-style big pants crotch at the grass, one for the horse first, one for the tail, white trousers the horse is part of the performers, plus horse people call "pants horse." Running bamboo horse, Lunar New Year Lantern Festival is usually in trouble, "fire" when the activities in the square or the streets. Shanxi Province to participate in running bamboo horse around the number of performances ranging forms of activities have to some extent different. Chinese folk art appreciation in the motherland of all ethnic groups, have a high degree of aesthetic and superior creative talents, among them production, circulation, the developing and the colorful folk art is the essence of our traditional culture is one of the important part of national art. Folk art is relatively court art, literati art in terms of art and professional, is Lu Xun called "producer's art." Refers to as the main body of working people, in order to meet the basic needs of working people and aesthetic needs with the needs to create clothing and accessories, bedding, food, cooking utensils, furniture and paintings, paper cutting, play with, toys and so on. It is sublime in art and simplicity in one part one, showing a simple clear style hot up, the distribution of the inner working people, sincere, kind, forthright, passionate and other psychological and aesthetic taste. Folk is folk by the carrier, we must integrate their national, local customs to enjoy. As the saying goes, "ten different customs," of all ethnic groups around the holidays and festivals have their own movement, in folk art was closely integrated with these festivals, to appreciate how it is "things that use", "local materials," "due to only applied art ". Folk art is ideographic art, which is one, as they themselves say: "from the heart to come out," "thinking about how to forward to how the" not a scientific anatomical Toushi France to measure it, nor can professional 美学 standards of appreciation It's good and bad, beauty and ugliness, but should be through the folk art unique "good luck" and other performance practices along with the unique taste and to feel, experience, appreciation.
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