Refers to the physical practice as the basic means, combined with sunlight, air, water and other natural factors and health measures, organized and planned manner of a class of physical and mental exercise and social activities. The aim is to strengthen health and improve movement skills, enriching cultural life and mold their moral character. Is an integral part of social culture and education. A narrow and broad sense. Narrow sense refers to physical education, and moral, intellectual and aesthetic education of the whole composition together. Generalized also known sports, including physical education, competitive sports and physical exercise three.
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tǐ yù
A kind of recreational activities, or need physical strength, wisdom and skill of the game or sports, it requires physical strength with a more or less, according to the traditional form or set of rules, and sometimes as a profession in the outdoor or indoor
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No. 3
Supporting physical growth and development, enhance physical education physical
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No. 4
Department of Physical Education
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No. 5
To develop physical strength, enhance physical fitness as the main task of education to achieve by participating in various sports. Mao Zedong's "On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People" Five: "should be so educated in the moral, intellectual and physical development aspects have been."
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No. 6
That sport. Sha Ting, "the story of the old smoke": "While the short and black, but can not say health; and even posing as an expert in sport."
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Source
Despite a long history of sports, but "sports" is the term occur relatively late. In the "Sports" before the word appeared, the world of sports the title of this activity is not the same process. 1762, Rousseau published in France, "Emile," a book. He used "sports" to describe the body of Emile maintenance, training, physical training and education process. Since this book was fiercely criticized the church education, and has aroused great repercussion in the world, so "sports" Also the word spread to the countries of the world. From here we can clearly see, "sports" is the term starting from the first generation of "education", meaning it is the first in the education system is a specialized field. The 19th century, the world education is widely used in developed countries, "sports" is used. Not being a closed door, until the mid-19th century, Germany and Sweden gymnastics into China, followed by the Qing government _set_ up the "foreign school" _set_ the "gymnastics ball." Around 1902, a number of students studying in Japan came from Japan "sports" that term. With the continuous influx of Western culture, the content of school sports from gymnastics to the diversification of a single classroom appeared on basketball, track and field, soccer and so on. Many people of insight can not be made known gymnastics school physical education classes, and must sort out a conceptual level. In 1923, in the "Draft Outline of school curriculum", the official to "Gymnastics Section" to "physical education." From "Sports" in physical education in schools became a mark of special terms. "Sport" on the meaning of the word also has an evolutionary process. It has just introduced into China, it means the physical education as part of education there is a body with the maintenance and development of various activities associated with an educational process, with the international understanding of "sport" (phyical education) is consistent. Along with social progress and the continuous development of sports, the purpose and content have greatly exceeded the original "sports" category, the concept sports a "generalized" and "narrow" interpretation. When used in general, generally refers to the sport, including physical education, sport and exercise three; for a narrow, generally refers to physical education. In recent years, many scholars "sports" concept put forward some explanations, but more consistency of interpretation: "the medium of sport upon their physical Huodong to seek physical and mental health, overall development for the direct purpose and to Peiyang improved social citizenship as the ultimate goal of a social and cultural phenomenon or educational process. " This definition of sport that both the nature of its properties, but also pointed out that the ownership of its scope, but also to itself from the adjacent or similar distinguish social phenomena. But sport is not a static concept, along with social development and progress of knowledge of sports will also be developed.
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Meaning and concepts
Physical development of human society, according to the needs of production and life, to follow the law of development of human physical and mental, to physical exercise as the basic means, to enhance physical fitness, improve athletic skills, ideological and moral education, social and cultural life and to enrich a kinds of purposeful, conscious, organized social activities, is accompanied by the gradual development of human society, established and developed a specialized field of science. The concept of sports broad and narrow sense. 1. General sports concept (also known as sports). Refers to the physical exercises as the basic means to enhance people's physical, Cujin into the comprehensive development of rich social and cultural life and promoting spiritual civilization for the purpose of a conscious, organized social activities. It is part of the total social culture, the development of society by certain political and economic constraints, and for certain social political and economic services. 2. Narrow concept of sport (also known as Physical Education). Is a development body, enhance physical fitness, exercise to teach the knowledge, skills, ethics and the will of the quality of the education process; is to cultivate the human body and the shape of the process; is an important part of education; is to develop a comprehensive development of people important aspects. 3. Competitive sport known as "competitive sports." Refers to beat his opponent, achieved outstanding athletic performance, to maximize and improve individual and collective physical, physical, psychological and athletic abilities of the potential carried out by scientific and systematic training and competition. With sports training and athletic competition in two forms. Features are: 1) to fully mobilize and athletes to play physical, intellectual and psychological potential; 2) The intense antagonism and competition between; 3) participants have plenty of physical strength and superb skill; 4) in accordance with uniform rules competition is international, recognized sexual performance; 5) entertaining. Carried out in today's world of competitive sports is a product of social history. As far away as 700 years BC in ancient Greece, it appeared the race, throwing, wrestling and other projects, the development has been in hundreds of species. Projects are generally carried out in track and field, gymnastics, basketball, volleyball, soccer, table tennis, badminton, weightlifting, swimming, cycling and so on. Countries and regions also have their own special traditional items, such as the Chinese martial arts, Southeast Asia's sepak takraw, kabaddi and so on. Its development with national, regional political, economic, cultural, educational, science and technology are closely related. 4. Entertainment sports or leisure time refers to a specific time to entertain the mind and body for the purpose of sports. With amateurism, recreational, cultural and other characteristics. Content generally have ball games, active games, travel, chess, and traditional ethnic sports activities. Is organized by activities can be divided into personal, family and group; according to conditions for the activities can be divided into indoor, outdoor; can be divided by race of competitive and non-competition character; by mode of operation can be divided into commercial and non-commercial; according to participate in the activities can be divided into spectator activities and sports activities. Out recreational sports activities, promote good health, strive to cultivate noble character. 6. PE refers to the use of sport means of medical treatment of certain diseases and trauma, to restore and improve the body function of a medical approach. Compared with other treatments, its features are: 1) is an active therapy, requires thinking voluntarily participate in the course of treatment, treatment of disease through exercise; 2) is a systemic treatment, through the nerves, nerve reflex mechanisms to improve body functions, to strengthen health and improve resistance to the purpose; 3) is a natural therapy, the use of the inherent nature of human function (movement) as a treatment, generally not subject to time, place and equipment conditions. Usually medical gymnastics, jogging, walking, cycling, qigong, tai chi, and special exercise equipment (such as tension, automatic treadmill, etc.), and solarium, air bath, water bath as the treatment. Should vary consistently, step by step, and with medical or surgical treatment and psychological counseling. Two dry years ago with "guidance", "health" as a means of disease control, then the continuous development and improvement become an important part of sports medicine. 7. The nature of sports. Is the fundamental characteristics inherent in sports is a kind of human society and social and cultural activities, physical education activities. 8. Nature and characteristics of sport. Is to physical exercise as a means to develop the body, enhance physical fitness, promote the comprehensive development, social development. It is in the process of social development, subject to certain political, economic constraints, and to a certain degree of political and economic services. Sports has the double natural and social attributes. Natural attributes such as physical education methods, means, etc.; social attributes such as physical education ideas, systems and so on.
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Traditional Sports
Long a symbol of the Chinese nation. Imitation dragon form, naming the Dragon Boat, all the Chinese people in the long-term production practice and social activities to create a unique national style. Dragon boat races entertaining a strong and fierce competition, rivers and lakes in the South region, a more extensive mass foundation. Kite is one of the important inventions in ancient China, is the world's first man-made aircraft. Its production is very common in China, Beijing, Tianjin, Nantong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Weifang, and four to the kite becomes a school, unique, world-famous. Every April is the annual Weifang Kite Festival, fans from around the world in this exchange skills and dissemination of friendship. Younger is a distinct rhythm of the music accompaniment of a folk dance, mainly popular in northern China. Significant reduction in their dance, it gradually changed from the performing arts fitness, particularly loved by middle-aged women. Go originated in China, the Warring States period that the written records on the Go. Later spread to Japan, Korea and Europe and the United States. After new China was founded as a formal program of sports competition, now in the world to spread and development. Wushu is the martial arts, instruments, mainly in the form of routines and practical, both self-defense, fitness, sports health care but also for thousands of years has been widespread in the population. Taiji boxing is one of many Chinese martial arts, there are three or four centuries of history. It combines the ancient Taoist Alchemy, combined with the meridian theory of yin and yang composed become. Chenjiagou Taijiquan from Wen County in Henan, with Chen style, Yang style, Wu style, Sun style, Wu style, and other genres, action, soothing consistency, requiring the conductor to Italy, Italy, gas, body coordination and cooperation among, of inaction, dealt with gently. Qigong is the excellence of the Chinese cultural heritage, has a long history of thousands of years. Its physical illnesses, the yardsticks have a positive effect. Therefore, martial arts and Qi Gong is not only popular in China, but also spread around the world. China also regularly held National Traditional Ethnic Minority Sports Meet, athletes of all nationalities gathered together, offering competitive skills.
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Beijing Sport University
Beijing Sport University is one of the key national universities, under the State Sports General Administration. School formerly known as the Central Institute of Physical Education, and building in July 1952, August 31, 1953 approved the establishment of the Central People's Government, November 3, 1953 at the school opening ceremony in Beijing Xiannongtan, moved to its present site in 1954, 1956 March 14, the school was renamed the Beijing Institute of Physical Education, December 11, 1993, the school changed its name to Beijing Sports University, the celebration is Nov. 1. Schools located in North Street, Haidian District, Beijing, located in the Zhongguancun Hi-Tech Park, adjacent to the Yuanmingyuan Ruins Park, covers an area of 1000 mu, building area of 25 thousand square meters. Currently, the Beijing Sport University has become a physical education, professional and complete, Sports Master, doctoral most strong teacher, teaching, research, training, significant achievements, reputation spread far and wide of the national key universities. 50 years, the school deepening educational reform, to establish discipline in the building in the heart of school development, focusing on interdisciplinary cross, penetration and integration, the formation of a high-level, multi-specifications, talent training pattern. There are 7 schools in School 2 Secondary Schools. Namely: Graduate School of Education, College Sports, Martial Arts, School of Management School of Human Movement Sciences, Institute of Adult Education and Competitive Sports subsidiary, affiliated sports college; a total of 24 teaching and research; has a state-level key disciplines and 12 ministerial-level key disciplines; with sports science postdoctoral, subject to the national level, "Physical," the right to grant doctoral units, with Physical Education and Training, Human Movement Science, humanities and sociology, 4 National Traditional Sports two disciplines authorized to confer PhD and 5 the right to grant master's degree; with physical education, sports training, social sports, sports science of human body, traditional sports, Public Service Management (Sports Management), Journalism (Sports News) Applied Psychology (Sport Psychology), English (international sports), performing (sports and arts) in 10 undergraduate majors, 现有在校生 nearly 6,000, including a master, more than 650 doctoral students, 4,000 undergraduates, students 200, competing bodies and more than 1,000 secondary school students about, and another 4,000 adult education students, school students in the membership of more than 9800; total for the country develop high-quality physical education teachers, coaches, researchers, managers and social sports instructor, and all other kinds of sports specialists 3 million names. 50 years, the school has great importance to teaching staff, the quality of individual training created a strong group of powerful teachers. Is associate professor of the existing 228 schools, 264 lecturers, more than 40 doctoral supervisors, more than 100 Master Instructor, International Referee and 37, 210 state-level judges. In the international and domestic academic organizations and sports associations that have held important posts 36 in any of the Standing Committee of National Institute of more than two positions are 44. In the national team as a coach with 15 people, eight teachers were identified as the State Sport General Administration of outstanding young academic, technical leaders, with four coaches are recognized as national outstanding young coaches Century 100. 50 years, the school formed a multi-disciplinary, fundamental and applied research combined advantages of a comprehensive study of access to provincial and ministerial research project 289, including 26 national research projects; received 160 provincial and ministerial scientific research achievement awards , of which 8 national awards. The past decade, the introduction of a total of 21.06 million yuan of exogenous research funding, published monographs, translations, textbooks, popular science books nearly Ministry; in academic journals, more than 2,000 articles published in various papers. 50 years, the school has always attached importance to international cooperation and exchanges between the school has with the Russian State Sports University and Indiana University Sports Institute in Cologne, Germany, Japan, Sports University, 16 countries established 28 inter-university relationship or friendship partnership; and many international sports community groups and individuals to carry out a variety of long-term exchange activities. 50 years, the school has received 4 visitors medals International Olympic Committee, who enjoy special government allowances 51, 62 people received the National Medal for Physical Education and Sports Medal, 366 people received the honorary title of the new China sports pioneers. The school also won the Medal of sports, the Olympic Games Special Contribution Award and other honors. Good wind power, sail is sometimes, in the new century, Beijing Sport University, will be the Conference to the party and the "Three Represents" as guidance, the State Sports General Administration under the leadership of the Chinese sports industry to grow by development of east and seize the opportunity and momentum, and the times, accelerate development, speed up the comprehensive, high level of education, training, scientific research, "three combinations" base, world-class sport to the development of the University goal, efforts success for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games and the development of sports undertakings in China to make greater contribution!
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China Sports Lottery
China Sports Lottery is: to raise funds for sports development funding issue, printed with numbers, graphics or text, for people to voluntarily and in accordance with specific rules for winning the power of the written document. Excluding sports lottery name, do not report the loss, not to return the principal, excluding interest payments, not circulation. China's sports lottery sales, there are two main methods, the scale of instant sports lottery sales methods and computer-assisted way of sales of traditional sports lottery. At present, the traditional use of computer-assisted total lottery sales, because the computer lottery has dispersed, safe, efficient, fair and avoid wasting features. As of the end of 1999, a nationwide sports lottery computer has reached 11 provinces and cities in 2000 will be in Beijing, State Sports General Administration of 9 provinces and municipalities to carry out one after another working computer Sports Lottery. Program in 2000 to accelerate decentralized instant sports lottery sales methods research, to gradually replace the large-scale sales. Can be expected, computers and sports lottery instant sports lottery sales will be distributed the main form of sales of sports lottery. China Sports Lottery is approved by the State Council issued the legal lottery in the country, raise funds for sports development and promotion of fitness, is a from the people, giving back to people's social welfare services. China Sports Lottery has followed an open, fair, fairness, from 1994 to the end of 1999 a total of 102 million yuan of sports lottery sales, the Community Chest to raise 3.06 billion, for the continuous development of China's sports undertaking has provided funding guarantee. All levels of sports lottery management, determined under the leadership of the State Sports General Administration, in a positive, open, serious and thoughtful attitude, and serves the Lottery, service to society, and constantly open up new prospect of the lottery business. Sports lottery public welfare fund for the implementation of the national fitness program and the Olympic Game, and sports venues, maintenance, equipment upgrades and physical poverty alleviation; provinces, autonomous regions, special physical culture for the implementation of the Community Chest Allocation for Olympic and fitness programs; to city and county distribution of the Community Chest Sports Commission for the implementation of the National Health Plan. According to the Ministry of Finance and the People's Bank of China State Sports Administration of sports lottery management practices, the use of sports lottery by the State Sports General Administration is responsible for, income and expenditure, the implementation of the unified management of special accounts, earmarked for the development of sports on the use of the Community Chest movement of instructions to promptly submit the report, and regularly to the public, subject to public supervision. With the cause of the rapid development of sports lottery, the state also further increased the intensity of the management of the lottery, and _set_ lottery legislation. March 1, 2000, the Ministry of Finance in order to regulate the lottery market and protect the interests of the majority of players in, but also issued a "do a good job on the management of lottery distribution and notification" (Cai Zong word 〔2000〕 17), notice provisions to further strengthen and standardize the management of lottery distribution and, since April 1, 2000, the lottery (including both instant lottery tickets and computer-based) payment shall be RMB in cash prizes.
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State Sport General Administration
State Sport General Administration, the English name for the general administration of sport, its predecessor was established in November 1952 the State Sports Committee, March 24, 1998 reorganized as the State Sport General Administration. Its main responsibilities: (A) of the study and formulate policies and regulations and sports work and supervise the implementation of development planning. (B) guide and promote the sport system, specify the sports development strategy, the preparation of medium and long term sports development plan; coordination of regional Sports. (C) promoting national fitness plan, direct and carry out mass sports activities, the implementation of national physical training standards, carry out monitoring of the national constitution. (D) overall planning and sports development, research and balanced national sports competitions, competitive sports _set_ting and focus of the layout; Anti-doping organizations. (E) management of foreign affairs sports, international and intergovernmental and with Hong Kong SAR and Macao and Taiwan sports cooperation and exchange; Organizations participate in and hold major international sports competitions. (F) of major sports organizations in the research and results of research promotion. (G) to study development of sports industry policy, the development of the sports market; development of sports operations practitioners conditions and approval procedures. (H) is responsible for national sports associations qualification. (Ix) other matters assigned by the State Council. Under the General Office of the State Sports General Administration, Department of Mass Sports, Competitive Sports, Sports Economics, Policy and Regulation Department, Personnel Division, External Relations Division, Science and Education, advocacy, Party Committee, Discipline Inspection Group and Supervision Bureau, retired cadres Board Directly under the State Sports General Administration Unit: Are: social sports Guidance Center, institution service centers, financial management and audit center, Training Council, the National Olympic Sports Center, Qingdao Marine Sports School, Zhanjiang Diving Sports School, Anyang Aviation Sports School, the training base in Qinhuangdao, Sports Science Institute Sports Medical Research Institute, Chinese sports newspaper headquarters, the Beijing Sport University, Centre for Development of Physical Culture, Sports Information Center, foreign sports exchange center, human resources development center, sports equipment and equipment centers, sports lottery management center, sports fund management center. Current Secretary: Liu Peng
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Sports Museum
Full name of the China Sports Museum. Anding Road, Chaoyang District, is located. Opened in 1990. Construction area of 7200 square meters exhibition area of 2510 square meters. Showroom is divided into ancient Chinese sports hall, sports hall in modern China, the new Chinese sports achievements bring honor to the Office of the Office and the Olympic Movement. Collection of ancient and modern sports were more than 4700 pieces of cultural relics, rare sports more than 5,000 pieces of cultural relics pictures. Ancient Chinese sports hall, divided the Qin Dynasty, Three Kingdoms, the Jin Jin to the Tang and Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, Jin and Yuan and Ming 4 parts, showing the path of sports development in ancient China; China's modern sports hall, the performance of the Opium War to 1949, this section During the course of development of Chinese sports; sporting achievements of New China Office, with pictures, models and physical manifestations of the party and the country sports and mass sports care, sports stadiums and other aspects of the brilliant achievements; bring honor to the Office of the Olympic movement, has demonstrated China Olympic Games and the Chinese people to develop the Olympic movement's history. Build a museum has also held a variety of temporary exhibitions, such as the Eleventh Asian Games sports Philatelic Exhibition; carry forward the spirit of Beijing Asian Games exhibition; bid for the 2000 Olympics Exhibition; the Olympic movement a century development, the Chinese athletes at the Barcelona show; Exhibition of the Chinese hope the Olympics opening; Long and physical development; new China Sports Exhibition; brilliant five years - the Sports Exhibition; Olympic exhibitions in the New Century. Eleventh Asian Games sport which philatelic exhibition, featured 30 countries and regions 207, 1 374 boxes of stamps exhibition. International Olympic Committee officials have received more than 60, including two International Olympic Committee president Juan Antonio Samaranch visited and presented souvenirs. Editor of "five thousand years of Chinese Physical Culture", "Chinese traditional sports blog", "Chinese top world sports" and other works. May 1992 by the Beijing Municipal People's Government of the name "Beijing Youth Education Base"; in June 1997 by the National Sports Commission named the "National Sports Commission bases for patriotic education."
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Source
Sports English: sports, gym, physical culture, physical education, physical training, PE. Despite a long history of sports, but "sports" is the term occur relatively late. In the "Sports" before the word appeared, the world of sports the title of this activity is not the same process. long history of sports, but the "sport" is a foreign word. It was first seen in the early 20th century Qing Dynasty, when a large number of foreign students in China Going to Japan to study, only between 1901 to 1906, there are 13,000 people, of which there are a lot of school sports, after returning home, they will " Sports "in the introduction to China. In China, the "sports" is the word first appeared in 1904, the articles of association in Hubei kindergarten operators to conduct a comprehensive early childhood education that said: "The preservation of the body healthy and vigorous, physical well-developed base." In 1905 "to teach a nursing home in Hunan and Mongolia A Brief "is also mentioned:" sports martial arts, gymnastics, developed the form of their songs in the developed. " In China, the earliest established sports organizations in Shanghai 1906 "Shanghai Xishi Business Sports Club." In 1907 a famous woman revolutionary Qiu Jin in Shaoxing also founded Sports Association. In the same year, the Qing dynasty of the Faculty of the memorial also began to have "sports" is the word. After the Revolution, "Sport" is used to gradually open to 1762, Rousseau published in France, "Emile," a book. He used "sports" to describe the body of Emile maintenance, training, physical training and education process. Since this book was fiercely criticized the church education, and has aroused great repercussion in the world, so "sports" Also the word spread to the countries of the world. From here we can clearly see, "sports" is the term starting from the first generation of "education", meaning it is the first in the education system is a specialized field. The 19th century, the world education is widely used in developed countries, "sports" is used. Not being a closed door, until the mid-19th century, Germany and Sweden gymnastics into China, followed by the Qing government _set_ up the "foreign school" _set_ the "gymnastics class." Around 1902, a number of students studying in Japan came from Japan "sports" that term. With the continuous influx of Western culture, the content of school sports from gymnastics to the diversification of a single classroom appeared on basketball, track and field, soccer and so on. Many people of insight can not be made known gymnastics school physical education classes, and must sort out a conceptual level. In 1923, in the "Draft Outline of school curriculum", the official to "Gymnastics Section" to "physical education." From "Sports" in physical education in schools became a mark of special terms. "Sport" on the meaning of the word also has an evolutionary process. It has just introduced into China, it means the physical education as part of education there is a body with the maintenance and development of various activities associated with an educational process, with the international understanding of "sport" (phyical education) is consistent. Along with social progress and the continuous development of sports, the purpose and content have greatly exceeded the original "sports" category, the concept sports a "generalized" and "narrow" interpretation. When used in general, generally refers to the sport, including physical education, sport and exercise three; for a narrow, generally refers to physical education. In recent years, many scholars "sports" concept put forward some explanations, but more consistency of interpretation: "the medium of sport upon their physical Huodong to seek physical and mental health, overall development for the direct purpose and to Peiyang improved social citizenship as the ultimate goal of a social and cultural phenomenon or educational process. " This definition of sport that both the nature of its properties, but also pointed out that the ownership of its scope, but also to itself from the adjacent or similar distinguish social phenomena. But sport is not a static concept, along with social development and progress of knowledge of sports will also be developed.
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American College of Physical Education pattern analysis
U.S. colleges and universities there are two main physical education model. The first is the ability to develop sports education model that is under the guidance of teachers, attempts by students to self-exploration, self-study and teach and learn from each other to practice self-control training, the ability to train students in sports-oriented physical education activities strategy. He has trained students develop a variety of sporting ability, sporting ability by students to obtain the overall efficiency of physical education, physical education complete the tasks, lay the foundation for lifelong physical. This model emphasizes teaching students in the teaching activities of the dominant position of autonomy and self-respect for the students, give full play to the initiative of students, enthusiasm and creativity, through student self-exploration, self-contact, and found that the ability to develop a variety of sports , the completion of teaching tasks. Teachers in the teaching process to guide, assist and encourage students to learn, gradually approaching and eventually achieve teaching objectives. The second model is the development of student's personality teaching. This model is
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Encyclopedia
tiyu Sports physical education Fitness to teach learners the knowledge, skills, enhance physical fitness, exercise habits and consciously develop the activities of a comprehensive development of an important part of education. Sport can promote normal development of the human body, improve the body's form and function, enhance physical fitness, for the maintenance and expansion of social reproduction and the reproduction of human beings to extend life expectancy, have an important role. Sports development sport, with the development of human society to develop. Sports originated in the labor and social life of human needs. Labor and raw human struggle for survival, the development of walking, running, jumping, investment, swimming, climbing and other capabilities, but also changed the nature of their own situation. With the social production and the development of culture and education, sports and social life only from the division of labor, and become independent of the form. In schools, the sport has an important part of school education. The children of slave owners in ancient China, established for the very great importance to sports in schools. "Six Arts Education in the" Archery "to contain elements of sports. The rulers of feudal society in China are generally valued culture over military, ignoring sports. But a few educators, such as Yan Yuan insisted both civil and military. He severely criticized the one hand, Neo at the time promoting "Xi-jing" is "for patients without employing the weak people who"; the other hand, stressed the importance of movement, that "moving the bones often startled, Qimai Shu", "healing of good at learning action", " a move is a strong. "himself personally practice, he presided over Zhangnan College, in addition to teaching students learning the text, but also to teach art of war, and archery, riding, martial art and other subjects, to carry out lift stones, at a distance (jump), hit boxing and other sports activities. In addition, the ancient Chinese people to carry out in the martial arts, wrestling, lifting stone, Qigong and other sports activities, physical illnesses, martial arts uprising, is a good tradition of the Chinese nation. In some Western tradition of ancient civilizations with emphasis on sports such as school education in ancient Greece, the sport as the priority, starting from primary school children of slave owners will be subject to strict gymnastics and military training, learning wrestling, walking, high jump, javelin throw and swimming. Western Europe, the Middle Ages, although the religious school rule that "the body is the soul of the prison" does not attach importance to sports, but in the secular education of the feudal lords, knights, attaches great importance to horse riding, swimming, javelin, fencing, hunting and other training. Modern School Physical Education in Europe after the Renaissance developed. Bourgeois humanist educators were opposed to the medieval Church lightly to thoughts of sports, classical education in the resumption of the traditional emphasis on sports, advocating the development of students "strong healthy body." The 17th century, the British educator J. Locke attaches great importance to sports, that "a healthy body, sound in mind" and called for children from an early age to do the hard physical exercise. 18th century German educator JB Baze more than 1774 in the creation of pilot schools, "school plan" provides that: students study 5 hours a day, 3 hours sports, dance, music and other activities, 2 hours of manual labor. Half of the 19th century, sports and further extended to the private sector. FL Yang German athletes for the purpose of national revival, the first German gymnastics, the implementation of sports popular movement, advocates of sports people, militarization. Lin PH Sweden's use of anatomy, physiology knowledge to clarify the sport and in 1813 developed a _set_ of military gymnastics, the Swedish gymnastics. Provisions of the Danish Government in 1809 _set_ the gymnastics disciplines secondary schools, and later extended to elementary schools. After gymnastics countries will gradually be defined as primary and secondary school subjects. China in 1904, "played the scheduled charter schools" in the gym the first time as a formal course. Sports at school, mainly the German-style gymnastics, to the "May Fourth" Movement, Anglo-American-style ball and track and field sports to be introduced gradually. Shanghai patriotic women's gymnastics school sports show After the founding of the People's Republic of school sports very seriously. In 1951 the Government Administration Council issued the "on improving the health status of school students at all levels of decision", 1954, the pilot "ready to work with the Great Patriotic sports system", later renamed the "National Standards for Physical Exercise" to promote the school in mass sports activities. 1956 sports a uniform syllabus and teaching materials, improve the quality of teaching physical education. 1979, the Ministry of Education and the National Sports Commission jointly promulgated the "Interim Regulations of Physical Education", "Institute of Physical Interim Regulations" (draft) and "National Student Sports Games System" to further promote sports in schools to carry out. Beijing Institute of Light Industry
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English Expression
: Physical Education (PE)
n.: gymnastics, pe, Physical Education, physical culture, sports, physical culture, ie developing one's muscles and fitness by doing exercises, physical training
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