Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, Later Zhou Dynasty - North of the Yellow River Basin
Ten South and Shanxi.
Song and Liao, Western Xia, Jin's side by side
Establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty in 960 all Tokyo Kuangyin
Strengthening of political centralization: 1, "杯酒释兵权" against the warlords and local separatist forces; 2, the adjustment of local institutions; 3, adjustment of the central institutions; the military establishment of imperial guards. Results: The consolidation of the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty, but the ever-expanding bureaucracy, resulting in a huge army.
Political Reform Objective: to save the political, financial crisis, easing class conflict.
Measures: Green Shoots Law; raise labor law; irrigation method; side Tian tax law. Failure: a touch of the big landlords, big bureaucratic interests of some prerogative 2 choosing the right people, there have been some of the people against the phenomenon.
916, the Khitan _set_ up capital to Beijing Yelu A Baoji. Promote agriculture, and appointments to develop laws and institutions of Han Chinese intellectuals have accepted the Han feudal culture. 947 years to change the country for the Khitan Liao.
Shan Yuan Kou Zhun prime minister of Union in 1005 the second year of Emperor Song Jian Song, the main conferences and resistance. Content: Liao withdrawal, Song Liao every year a large number of old coins. Impact: maintain peaceful relations, economic and cultural ties even closer, but the old currency heavier burden on the people of the Northern Song Dynasty
1038 Family Party leader Li Yuanhao Xia items. Conferences and summer of 1044 Song Sung-year-old sent to the Western Xia currency. Has increased the burden on the people of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Jurchen leader of the early 12th century the Department of Wan Yan A Guda anti-Wan Yan Liao. 1115 annuity. 1, with the combined attack from the Northern Song Dynasty Liao Liao destroyed in 1125. ; 2, 1127 off the south attack Song Song; 3, Kim Song aggression.
Jingkang variable annuity Army abducted Huizong 1127, Song Qinzong and concubines, royal clan, ministers and other three thousand people.
In 1127 Zhao Gou Lin Song are. Regime characteristics: 1, anti-gold camp (Yue Fei, Hanshizhong) and capitulators (Song Emperor, Qin Hui) contradiction; 2, Song humiliation concessions, the formation of North-South confrontation. Conferences and Song in 1141 (Treaty of Shaoxing) Content: Song of the King to concede defeat, Huaishui the east, off the north west to the large bulk of the land, placed under the golden rule, and given the age of gold coins.
Economic development in the South to further promote the cultivation of cotton from the Pearl River to the Yangtze River and the expansion of the Huaihe River Basin. Cotton textile industry has gradually become the main rural sideline production. Shipbuilding has been obvious progress in surgery: there is a compass. Major seaports: Quanzhou, Guangzhou, Minnesota (Ningbo). Arabs to China. The scope of trade: the East to Japan, Korea, west African countries.
Yuan Dynasty
1206 Temujin was revered Genghis Khan established the Mongol regime in sweat
1271 Kublai Khan are mostly yuan; in 1276 the Yuan Dynasty unified the country. Implementation: 1 province in the implementation of the system of administration throughout the country; 2, Inspection Division is responsible for administration of the Penghu Penghu and Taiwan; 3, the Executive Yuan declared the specialized management of the national Buddhist affairs and Tibet officially became the administrative regions of the Yuan Dynasty.
People of all ethnic divide policy into four other "Mongols" - "Semu" (Western Xia Dynasty and the original of all people) - "Han Chinese" - "Southern Man" (originally the Southern Song Dynasty ruled the Han and other ethnic groups the region people).
Huang Daopo expanded cotton textile techniques and tools improved.
Civilians in the mid 11th century typography Bi Sheng Song
Warring States period, the compass and gunpowder, Ian. Song compass spread Arabia, Persia and Europe. Navigator discovered America for Europe and the global navigation, provided an important condition.
Tang Song gunpowder used in the military widespread use of gunpowder in the military gunpowder, firearms spread to Europe through the Arab, European bourgeois revolutions of the later play a role.
Shen Kuo Song "second gas Calendar", 800 years later, the British have a similar calendar. "Meng Xi Bi Tan"
Guo Shou Jing Yuan "THE HISTORY" most North - Siberia, the South - Paracel Islands.
Sima Guang, a famous Northern Song statesman and historian. "Mirror": Chronicle of the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties 1300 years of history.
Song Shi, Xin, Li Qingzhao
Yuan Guan Hanqing
"Painting" Tokyo Bian River Song |
The five dynasties Ten