China on December 12, 1985 by adding "Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage." October 29, 1999, China was elected as a member of the World Heritage Committee. China in 1986 to UNESCO World Heritage project. From 1987 to July 2009, China has been approved by the "World Heritage List," the World Heritage has reached 38, including 25 cultural and natural heritage of seven, four natural and cultural heritage, cultural landscapes 2 , which ranked third in the world. And in the "Human Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" intangible cultural heritage of four, included in the "Memory of the World Heritage List," the World Memory Heritage 4. UNESCO noted that cultural and natural heritage around the world are increasingly subjected to the threat of destruction, on the one hand due to changes in long-rot caused by other social and economic conditions make the situation worse, causing damage more difficult to deal with or destruction of the phenomenon, and any cultural or natural heritage of the damage or destruction will cause the depletion of the world heritage. Some countries protect such heritage is not perfect, because this requires huge investments, and some countries do not have sufficient economic, scientific and technological strength. Therefore, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to consider the need to adopt a convention for this form of new regulations in order for the collective protection of outstanding universal value of cultural and natural heritage, according to modern scientific methods to establish a permanent development of an effective system, world heritage of all mankind so that they can be retained, so the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in November 16, 1972 passed the "Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage."
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Assessment of the World Heritage
Assessment of the World Heritage criteria mainly based on "Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage," the first and second article. Heritage projects to be included, "the World Heritage List" and must undergo a rigorous assessment and approval process. Held annually in the World Heritage Committee meeting will be included in the list of heritage items to apply for approval, the main basis of the Committee had commissioned an expert nominated by the heritage sites of national site visits and evaluation reports submitted.
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World Heritage Program
According to UNESCO documents, need to complete the World Heritage in 9 steps: 1, a country must first sign the "Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage" and guarantee the protection of the country's cultural and natural heritage, to become parties. 2, any State Party must have outstanding universal value on local cultural and natural heritage list a preliminary list. 3, from pre-screened to be included in the list of "World Heritage List," the legacy. 4, the completed nomination forms to the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. 5, UNESCO World Heritage Centre is fully check the nomination, and sent to the World Conservation Union and ICOMOS for review. 6, the experts to the site assessment and management of heritage conservation. Cultural and natural heritage in accordance with the standards, the World Conservation Union and the International Council on Monuments and Sites handed review nominations. 7, the World Conservation Union and the International Council on Monuments and Sites Evaluation Report. 8, the World Heritage Committee review of the Bureau of 7 members nominated assessment report, list of recommendations submitted to the Commission. 9, the 21-member World Heritage Committee _select_ed the final decision to postpone a list of _select_ed or eliminated.
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World Heritage classification and standards
Two premises: ① the authenticity of (the basic premise) ② protection and management (by the relevant management agencies, there is funding to develop laws and regulations) World Heritage is divided into natural heritage, cultural heritage, natural heritage and cultural mix, and cultural landscape. World Heritage Site with a clear definition and for Member States to nominate and Heritage Committee for approval following the standard. One. Cultural Heritage Heritage: from the historical, artistic or scientific point of view, with outstanding universal value of the buildings, sculpture and painting, with the composition or structure of archaeological significance. Inscriptions, caves, _set_tlements and various cultural synthesis. Buildings: the historical, artistic or scientific point of view, because of its architectural form, identity and position in the landscape, with outstanding universal value of the individual or group of interconnected buildings. Sites: from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view, with outstanding universal value of the man-made works or masterpieces of man and nature and archaeological sites of common areas. The standards are: (1) represents a unique artistic achievement, a masterpiece of creative genius. (2) or the world in a period of time within a cultural area of architectural art, monuments of art, planning or landscape design aspects of development had a significant impact asked. (3) to have disappeared as a civilization or cultural tradition to provide a unique or at least a special witness. (4) can be used as a building or buildings or landscape outstanding example of the history of mankind shows one (or several) important stage. (5) can be used as a traditional human _set_tlement or land an outstanding example, representing one (or several) culture, especially in under the influence of irreversible change to become easily damaged. (6) and the universal significance of particular events or current of thought or faith or tradition or literary and artistic works have a direct and substantial contact (the Committee believes that only in certain special circumstances or with the role of standards and other standards, this models can be included in the "list" of reasons). II. Natural Heritage From the aesthetic or scientific point of view, with outstanding universal value from the geological and biological formations or groups of such components of the natural look. Or protection from the scientific point of view, with outstanding universal value of the geological and geographical structure and clearly defined habitat areas of endangered plant and animal species. From a scientific, conservation or natural beauty point of view, with outstanding universal value of natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas. The standards are: (1) represent the Earth constitute an important stage in the modern history of the prominent examples. (2) constitute an important representative of the ongoing geological processes, biological evolution and the relationship between human beings and the natural environment, a prominent example. (3) unique, rare or superlative natural phenomena, or with rare natural beauty of the landscape area. (4) the surviving species of rare or endangered plant and animal habitat. III. Cultural Landscape Cultural landscape of this generous idea is December 1992, held in Santa Fe, United States, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee at its 16th meeting proposed and included in the "World Heritage List" in the. As a result, the World Heritage that is divided into: natural heritage, cultural heritage, natural heritage and cultural mix (ie, dual heritage) and cultural landscape. Cultural Landscape represents "Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage" expressed in Article I, "works of nature and mankind." In general, the cultural landscape has the following types: (1) intentionally by human design and construction of the landscape. For aesthetic reasons, including the construction of the garden and park landscape, they are often (but not always), and religious or other conceptual building or buildings are linked. (2) organic evolution of the landscape. It produces the most original of a social, economic, administrative and religious needs, and with the surrounding natural environment associated with the development or to adapt to the current form. It also includes two sub-categories: one residue remains (fossil) landscape, represents a certain period of time has past the end of the evolutionary process, whether sudden or gradual. The reason why they are of outstanding universal value, it is still reflected in the significant features of the kind. Second, the continuous landscape, it is the local way of life associated with traditional society, to maintain a positive social role, and its own evolution is still ongoing, while showing the historical development of the evidence on their evolution. (3) the relevance of cultural landscape. Such landscapes included in the "World Heritage", in line with natural factors, a strong religion, art or culture is characterized by linking, rather than culture, characterized by physical evidence. In addition, the "World Heritage List," the historical sites, natural scenery in the event of a serious threat, after investigation and consideration of the World Heritage Committee can be included in the "World Heritage in danger list" to be taken to the emergency rescue measures . IV. Other forms of world heritage 1. Linear Heritage Linear Heritage: refers to a particular _set_ of cultural resources within the region linear or strip of material and intangible cultural heritage groups, canals, roads and rail lines are important manifestations. (1). China's linear Heritage: ①. Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal ②. Silk Road ③. Merchants line the rise ④. Long March (2). Foreign linear Heritage: ①. Semo Lin Railway (Austria) ②. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (India) 2. Oral and Intangible Heritage of humanity Oral and Intangible Heritage of humanity (the non-material cultural heritage), also known as intangible heritage, as opposed to tangible heritage, intangible heritage can be in terms of inheritance concepts. Refers to the generation of all peoples each other, and with the life of the masses is closely related to a variety of traditional cultural expressions (such as folk activities, performing arts, traditional knowledge and skills, and related equipment, in-kind, handmade products, etc.) and cultural space. At present, there are state-level intangible cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage to declare the United Nations must be into the national list. 3. Memory of the World Heritage Memory of the World heritage (Memory of the World), also known as Memory of the World or the world of archival heritage, the UNESCO in 1992 launched a conservation project document, its purpose is within the scope of the world is gradually aging, damaged, lost literature records, through international cooperation and using the best technical means to rescue, so that the human memory is more complete. Memory of the World Heritage is an extension of the world's cultural heritage, the world's cultural heritage is concerned with the history, art, archaeological, scientific or anthropological study of buildings or sites, while the Memory of the World Heritage of concern is the documentary heritage. At present, appeared in the "Memory of the World Heritage List" has the Naxi Dongba classical documents of the other four. "Memory of the World Heritage List" contains the documentary heritage of world significance, is an extension of the World Heritage project. 4. World Agriculture Heritage Since 2002, the United Nations Development Programme and the Global Environment Facility, FAO started the establishment of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Project. Explained according to the FAO, World Agriculture Heritage is part of the world's cultural heritage, conceptually equivalent to the world cultural heritage, the world's agricultural heritage protection project will be threatened globally important traditional agricultural culture and technology heritage protection. World agricultural heritage is not only an outstanding landscape of global importance for the preservation of agricultural biodiversity, restore ecosystems and maintain the heritage of high-value traditional knowledge and cultural activities also have an important role.
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China's World Heritage List
First, China's world heritage Ended June 2009, China had 38 world heritage. One World Cultural Heritage 25, seven world natural heritage, cultural and natural heritage of four mixed, cultural landscape 2. 】 【Cultural Heritage (25) 1. Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site (Beijing, 1987.12) 2. Great Wall (Beijing, 1987.12) 3. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes (Gansu, 1987.12) 4. Ming and Qing Imperial Palace (Forbidden City in Beijing (Beijing), 1987.12; Imperial Palace in Shenyang (Liaoning), 2004.7) 5. Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum and the Terracotta Warriors Pit (Shaanxi, 1987.12) 6. Chengde Mountain Resort and Outlying Temples (Hebei, 1994.12) 7. Qufu Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Cemetery of Confucius (Shandong, 1994.12) 8. Wudang Ancient Building Complex (Hubei, 1994.12) 9. Potala Palace (the Jokhang Monastery, Norbu Lingka) (Tibet, 1994.12) 10. Old Town of Lijiang (Yunnan, 1997.12) 11. Pingyao ancient city (Shanxi, 1997.12) 12. Classical Gardens of Suzhou (Jiangsu, 1997.12) 13. Summer Palace (Beijing, 1998.11) 14. Temple of Heaven (Beijing, 1998.11) 15. Dazu Rock Carvings (Chongqing, 1999.12 Cultural Heritage) 16. Imperial Tombs (obviously Ling (Hubei), Qing Tombs (Hebei), Qingxiling (Hebei), 2000.11; Xiaoling (Jiangsu), Ming Tombs (Beijing), 2003.7; Mukden three hills (Liaoning ), 2004.7) 17 .. ancient villages (Xidi and Hongcun) (Anhui, 2000.11) 18. Longmen Grottoes (Henan, 2000.11) 19. Dujiangyan - Qingcheng Shan (Sichuan, 2000.11) 20. Yungang Grottoes (Shanxi, 2001.12) 21. China's Koguryo Kingdom City, Royal Tombs and Tombs (Jilin, 2004.7.1) 22. Historic Centre of Macau (Macau, 2005) 23. Yin Ruins in Anyang (Henan, 2006.7.13) 24. Kaiping Watchtowers and the ancient village (Guangdong, 2007.6.28) 25. Fujian Earth Building (Fujian, 2008.7.7) 】 【Natural Heritage (7) 1. Jiuzhaigou (Sichuan, 1992.12) 2. Huanglong (Sichuan, 1992.12) 3. Zhangjiajie (Hunan, 1992.12) 4. Three Rivers (Yunnan, 2003.7) 5. Panda habitat (Sichuan, 2006.7) 6. South China Karst (Stone Forest (Yunnan), Libo (Guizhou), Wulong (Chongqing), 2007.6.27) 7. Sanqing (Jiangxi, 2008.7.8) Dual cultural and natural heritage 【】 (4) 1. Taishan (Shandong, 1987.12) 2. Huangshan (Anhui, 1990.12) 3. Emei - Leshan (Sichuan, 1996.12) 4. Wuyishan (Fujian, 1999.12) 】 【Cultural Landscape (2) 1. Lushan (Jiangxi, 1996.12) 2. Wutai (Shanxi, 2009.6.26) Second, other forms of world heritage in China 【Oral and Intangible Heritage of humanity / Intangible Heritage】 (4) Opera Art of Chinese Guqin Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Arts Mongolian long-tune folk songs 】 【Memory Heritage (4) Traditional music recording files (China Academy of Art Library) The file cabinet secretary Qing (China First Historical Archives) Big bang in the Qing Dynasty (China First Historical Archives) Ancient Naxi Dongba Literature (Dongba Cultural Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences) Third, the Chinese World Heritage Tentative List 【World Heritage Tentative List (partial)】 Yunju Si tower and the Stone (Beijing Fangshan) Beijing Ancient Observatory (Beijing Jian Guo Men) Beihai Park (Beijing West City District) Anji Bridge (Zhao County, Hebei) Dule Temple (Tianjin, North China) Wuyuan Li Hang, Wang mouth ancient village (Wuyuan County) The small village house (Shanxi Xiangfen County) Yongle Palace (Hill Xirui County) Niuheliang site (Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) element on both sites (Zhenglan Banner of Inner Lightning Creek) Xi'an Forest of Stone Tablets in Xi'an ancient city ruins of the ancient city wall of Han Chang'an (Xi'an) Liangzhu site of West Lake in Hangzhou (Zhejiang Yuhang) Old Copper Mine Copper Mountain recorded sites (Huangshi City, Hubei Daye County) Jiangnan Water Towns (Suzhou, Zhouzhuang, Tongli) Shennongjia Nature Reserve, the Silk Road (China) Cheng Yang Yongji Bridge (Sanjiang, the wind and rain bridge) Release Jiata Temple Buddha Temple (Ying County of Shanxi, the "pagoda") Marco Polo Bridge (Beijing Fengtai) Kaiyuan Temple Pagoda (Hebei Dingzhou) Buddhist Temple (Wutai County, Shanxi) Tang Daming Palace site (Xi'an) Lijiang River in Guilin (Guangxi) China Danxia combination (Jiangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hunan) Gulangyu Xiamen Sacred Mountains of combinations (Hunan, Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong) years of agricultural culture (WANNIAN County) Four treasures of traditional medicine, Tibetan medicine, Jiangxi opera (that is, Yiyang), etc. (to be declared) 【Preliminary list of World Heritage in China (2009.6 data)】 1. Grand Canal (Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan Province) 2. Beijing Yunju Si tower, and stone by the Library Cave (Fangshan District, Beijing) 3. Chinese liquor brewing ancient ruins: Liu Ling drunk site burning pot (Xushui County, Hebei Province), lidu shochu workshop sites (Jiangxi Jinxian), Swellfun site (Chengdu, Sichuan Province), Luzhou Daqu old pits group (Sichuan Luzhou City), Yi Jian Nan Spring Wine Shop No. old site (Mianzhu City in Sichuan Province) 4. Shanxi compound: Qiao Family Courtyard, Drainage Courtyard (Qi County in Shanxi Province), Wang's Grand Courtyard (Lingshi County in Shanxi Province), Cao Courtyard (Shanxi Gu County) 5. Shanshan ancient houses: the small village of ancient buildings (Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province), ancient buildings Dang (Korean city of Shaanxi Province) 6. Karez (Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) 7. Ming city wall: Xingcheng wall (Xing City, Liaoning Province), Nanjing City Wall (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), Jingzhou City Wall (Hubei Province), Xi'an City Wall (Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) 8. Niuheliang site (Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province, Jianping) 9. Element on both, both sites (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are blue flag, Zhangbei County, Hebei Province) 10. Slender West Lake and the historic city of Yangzhou (Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province) 11. Jiangnan Water Town: Zhouzhuang (Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province), Lu Zhi (Wu County, Jiangsu Province), Wuzhen (Tongxiang City, Zhejiang Province), Xitang (Jiashan County) 12. Hangzhou West Lake Longjing Tea Park (Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) 13. Liangzhu site (Yuhang District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, Deqing County) 14. Chinese porcelain kiln site: Site Shanglinhu Yue (Cixi City, Zhejiang Province) 15. Hani Terrace (Yuanyang County, Yunnan) 16. Ancient copper mine sites: the site of Tongling copper (Ruichang City, Jiangxi Province) 17. Linzi ancient capital of Qi and Qi Wangling (Zibo City, Shandong Province) 18. Silk Road in China section (land parts: Henan, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; sea parts: Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Quanzhou City) 19. Songshan ancient buildings (Dengfeng City, Henan Province) 20. Fenghuang (Hunan Province, Fenghuang) 21. South Vietnam remains the country (Guangzhou, Guangdong Province) 22. 灵渠 (Xing'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) 23. Flower Mountain (Guangxi Ningming) 24. White Crane Ridge Ancient Hydrological Inscription (Fuling District of Chongqing Municipality) 25. Ancient Shu culture site: Jinsha Ruins, the ancient Shu Guan joint burial (Chengdu, Sichuan Province), Sanxingdui (Guanghan City) 26. Tibetan and Qiang towers and villages (Danba County, Sichuan Province, Li County, Mao County) 27. Miao villages: Miao Miao villages in the foothills of Mountain Thunder (Leishan County, Guizhou Province, Taijiang County, Jianhe County, from Jiang County) 28. Southeast Dong Nationality: six holes, nine holes of Dong Nationality (Liping County of Guizhou Province, from Jiang County, Rongjiang County) 29. "Suzhou Garden" Expansion Project: Suzhou Classical Gardens and Historic District (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) 30. "Ancient villages" expansion project: Tang Yue (Anhui Province Shexian), Li Hang, Wang I (Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province) 31. "Qufu Confucius Temple, Cemetery of Confucius," Expansion Project: Nepal Mountain Temple (Qufu City, Shandong Province), Meng Temple, Bangladesh government, Meng Lin (Shandong Zoucheng), Yan Temple (Qufu City, Shandong Province), has Temple (Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province) 32. "Imperial Tombs" Expansion Project: Jane Lu tomb (Xinxiang, Henan)
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The definition of World Heritage
China on December 12, 1985 by adding "Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage." October 29, 1999, China was elected as a member of the World Heritage Committee. China in 1986 to UNESCO World Heritage project. From 1987 to July 2009, China has been approved by the "World Heritage List," the World Heritage has reached 38, including 25 cultural and natural heritage of seven, four natural and cultural heritage, cultural landscapes 2 , which ranked third in the world. And in the "Human Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity" intangible cultural heritage of four, included in the "Memory of the World Heritage List," the World Memory Heritage 4. UNESCO noted that cultural and natural heritage around the world are increasingly subjected to the threat of destruction, on the one hand due to changes in long-rot caused by other social and economic conditions make the situation worse, causing damage more difficult to deal with or destruction of the phenomenon, and any cultural or natural heritage of the damage or destruction will cause the depletion of the world heritage. Some countries protect such heritage is not perfect, because this requires huge investments, and some countries do not have sufficient economic, scientific and technological strength. Therefore, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization to consider the need to adopt a convention for this form of new regulations in order for the collective protection of outstanding universal value of cultural and natural heritage, according to modern scientific methods to establish a permanent development of an effective system, world heritage of all mankind so that they can be retained, so the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in November 16, 1972 passed the "Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage."
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World Heritage classification and standards
Two premises: ① the authenticity of (the basic premise) ② protection and management (by the relevant management agencies, there is funding to develop laws and regulations) World Heritage is divided into natural heritage, cultural heritage, natural heritage and cultural mix, and cultural landscape. World Heritage Site with a clear definition and for Member States to nominate and Heritage Committee for approval following the standard. One. Cultural Heritage Heritage: from the historical, artistic or scientific point of view, with outstanding universal value of the buildings, sculpture and painting, with the composition or structure of archaeological significance. Inscriptions, caves, _set_tlements and various cultural synthesis. Buildings: the historical, artistic or scientific point of view, because of its architectural form, identity and position in the landscape, with outstanding universal value of the individual or group of interconnected buildings. Sites: from the historical, aesthetic, ethnological or anthropological point of view, with outstanding universal value of the man-made works or masterpieces of man and nature and archaeological sites of common areas. The standards are: (1) represents a unique artistic achievement, a masterpiece of creative genius. (2) or the world in a period of time within a cultural area of architectural art, monuments of art, planning or landscape design aspects of development had a significant impact asked. (3) to have disappeared as a civilization or cultural tradition to provide a unique or at least a special witness. (4) can be used as a building or buildings or landscape outstanding example of the history of mankind shows one (or several) important stage. (5) can be used as a traditional human _set_tlement or land an outstanding example, representing one (or several) culture, especially in under the influence of irreversible change to become easily damaged. (6) and the universal significance of particular events or current of thought or faith or tradition or literary and artistic works have a direct and substantial contact (the Committee believes that only in certain special circumstances or with the role of standards and other standards, this models can be included in the "list" of reasons). II. Natural Heritage From the aesthetic or scientific point of view, with outstanding universal value from the geological and biological formations or groups of such components of the natural look. Or protection from the scientific point of view, with outstanding universal value of the geological and geographical structure and clearly defined habitat areas of endangered plant and animal species. From a scientific, conservation or natural beauty point of view, with outstanding universal value of natural sites or precisely delineated natural areas. The standards are: (1) represent the Earth constitute an important stage in the modern history of the prominent examples. (2) constitute an important representative of the ongoing geological processes, biological evolution and the relationship between human beings and the natural environment, a prominent example. (3) unique, rare or superlative natural phenomena, or with rare natural beauty of the landscape area. (4) the surviving species of rare or endangered plant and animal habitat. III. Cultural Landscape Cultural landscape of this generous idea is December 1992, held in Santa Fe, United States, the UNESCO World Heritage Committee at its 16th meeting proposed and included in the "World Heritage List" in the. As a result, the World Heritage that is divided into: natural heritage, cultural heritage, natural heritage and cultural mix (ie, dual heritage) and cultural landscape. Cultural Landscape represents "Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage" expressed in Article I, "works of nature and mankind." In general, the cultural landscape has the following types: (1) intentionally by human design and construction of the landscape. For aesthetic reasons, including the construction of the garden and park landscape, they are often (but not always), and religious or other conceptual building or buildings are linked. (2) organic evolution of the landscape. It produces the most original of a social, economic, administrative and religious needs, and with the surrounding natural environment associated with the development or to adapt to the current form. It also includes two sub-categories: one residue remains (fossil) landscape, represents a certain period of time has past the end of the evolutionary process, whether sudden or gradual. The reason why they are of outstanding universal value, it is still reflected in the significant features of the kind. Second, the continuous landscape, it is the local way of life associated with traditional society, to maintain a positive social role, and its own evolution is still ongoing, while showing the historical development of the evidence on their evolution. (3) the relevance of cultural landscape. Such landscapes included in the "World Heritage", in line with natural factors, a strong religion, art or culture is characterized by linking, rather than culture, characterized by physical evidence. In addition, the "World Heritage List," the historical sites, natural scenery in the event of a serious threat, after investigation and consideration of the World Heritage Committee can be included in the "World Heritage in danger list" to be taken to the emergency rescue measures . IV. Other forms of world heritage 1. Linear Heritage Linear Heritage: refers to a particular _set_ of cultural resources within the region linear or strip of material and intangible cultural heritage groups, canals, roads and rail lines are important manifestations. (1). China's linear Heritage: ①. Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal ②. Silk Road ③. Merchants line the rise ④. Long March (2). Foreign linear Heritage: ①. Semo Lin Railway (Austria) ②. Darjeeling Himalayan Railway (India) 2. Oral and Intangible Heritage of humanity Oral and Intangible Heritage of humanity (the non-material cultural heritage), also known as intangible heritage, as opposed to tangible heritage, intangible heritage can be in terms of inheritance concepts. Refers to the generation of all peoples each other, and with the life of the masses is closely related to a variety of traditional cultural expressions (such as folk activities, performing arts, traditional knowledge and skills, and related equipment, in-kind, handmade products, etc.) and cultural space. At present, there are state-level intangible cultural heritage, intangible cultural heritage to declare the United Nations must be into the national list. 3. Memory of the World Heritage Memory of the World heritage (Memory of the World), also known as Memory of the World or the world of archival heritage, the UNESCO in 1992 launched a conservation project document, its purpose is within the scope of the world is gradually aging, damaged, lost literature records, through international cooperation and using the best technical means to rescue, so that the human memory is more complete. Memory of the World Heritage is an extension of the world's cultural heritage, the world's cultural heritage is concerned with the history, art, archaeological, scientific or anthropological study of buildings or sites, while the Memory of the World Heritage of concern is the documentary heritage. At present, appeared in the "Memory of the World Heritage List" has the Naxi Dongba classical documents of the other four. "Memory of the World Heritage List" contains the documentary heritage of world significance, is an extension of the World Heritage project. 4. World Agriculture Heritage Since 2002, the United Nations Development Programme and the Global Environment Facility, FAO started the establishment of Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Project. Explained according to the FAO, World Agriculture Heritage is part of the world's cultural heritage, conceptually equivalent to the world cultural heritage, the world's agricultural heritage protection project will be threatened globally important traditional agricultural culture and technology heritage protection. World agricultural heritage is not only an outstanding landscape of global importance for the preservation of agricultural biodiversity, restore ecosystems and maintain the heritage of high-value traditional knowledge and cultural activities also have an important role. 5. World Wetlands Heritage Wetlands International is the world's heritage as part of 2009, Wetlands International Alliance officially launched to the international wetlands included in world heritage protection strategy areas, has been in China plans to carry out wetlands World Heritage assessment of the project in Qinghai Lake, Dongting Lake, Lugu Lake and other wetlands.
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China's World Heritage List
First, China's world heritage Ended June 2009, China had 38 world heritage. One World Cultural Heritage 25, seven world natural heritage, cultural and natural heritage of four mixed, cultural landscape 2. 】 【Cultural Heritage (25) 1. Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site (Beijing, 1987.12) 2. Great Wall (Beijing, 1987.12) 3. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes (Gansu, 1987.12) 4. Ming and Qing Imperial Palace (Forbidden City in Beijing (Beijing), 1987.12; Imperial Palace in Shenyang (Liaoning), 2004.7) 5. Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum and the Terracotta Warriors Pit (Shaanxi, 1987.12) 6. Chengde Mountain Resort and Outlying Temples (Hebei, 1994.12) 7. Qufu Confucius Mansion, Confucius Temple and Cemetery of Confucius (Shandong, 1994.12) 8. Wudang Ancient Building Complex (Hubei, 1994.12) 9. Potala Palace (the Jokhang Monastery, Norbu Lingka) (Tibet, 1994.12) 10. Old Town of Lijiang (Yunnan, 1997.12) 11. Pingyao ancient city (Shanxi, 1997.12) 12. Classical Gardens of Suzhou (Jiangsu, 1997.12) 13. Summer Palace (Beijing, 1998.11) 14. Temple of Heaven (Beijing, 1998.11) 15. Dazu Rock Carvings (Chongqing, 1999.12 Cultural Heritage) 16. Imperial Tombs (obviously Ling (Hubei), Qing Tombs (Hebei), Qingxiling (Hebei), 2000.11; Xiaoling (Jiangsu), Ming Tombs (Beijing), 2003.7; Mukden three hills (Liaoning ), 2004.7) 17 .. ancient villages (Xidi and Hongcun) (Anhui, 2000.11) 18. Longmen Grottoes (Henan, 2000.11) 19. Dujiangyan - Qingcheng Shan (Sichuan, 2000.11) 20. Yungang Grottoes (Shanxi, 2001.12) 21. China's Koguryo Kingdom City, Royal Tombs and Tombs (Jilin, 2004.7.1) 22. Historic Centre of Macau (Macau, 2005) 23. Yin Ruins in Anyang (Henan, 2006.7.13) 24. Kaiping Watchtowers and the ancient village (Guangdong, 2007.6.28) 25. Fujian Earth Building (Fujian, 2008.7.7) 】 【Natural Heritage (7) 1. Jiuzhaigou (Sichuan, 1992.12) 2. Huanglong (Sichuan, 1992.12) 3. Zhangjiajie (Hunan, 1992.12) 4. Three Rivers (Yunnan, 2003.7) 5. Panda habitat (Sichuan, 2006.7) 6. South China Karst (Stone Forest (Yunnan), Libo (Guizhou), Wulong (Chongqing), 2007.6.27) 7. Sanqing (Jiangxi, 2008.7.8) Dual cultural and natural heritage 【】 (4) 1. Taishan (Shandong, 1987.12) 2. Huangshan (Anhui, 1990.12) 3. Emei - Leshan (Sichuan, 1996.12) 4. Wuyishan (Fujian, 1999.12) 】 【Cultural Landscape (2) 1. Lushan (Jiangxi, 1996.12) 2. Wutai (Shanxi, 2009.6.26) Second, other forms of world heritage in China 【Oral and Intangible Heritage of humanity / Intangible Heritage】 (4) Opera Art of Chinese Guqin Xinjiang Uygur Muqam Arts Mongolian long-tune folk songs 】 【Memory Heritage (4) Traditional music recording files (China Academy of Art Library) The file cabinet secretary Qing (China First Historical Archives) Big bang in the Qing Dynasty (China First Historical Archives) Ancient Naxi Dongba Literature (Dongba Cultural Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Social Sciences) Third, the Chinese World Heritage Tentative List 【World Heritage Tentative List (partial)】 Yunju Si tower and the Stone (Beijing Fangshan) Beijing Ancient Observatory (Beijing Jian Guo Men) Beihai Park (Beijing West City District) Anji Bridge (Zhao County, Hebei) Dule Temple (Tianjin, North China) Wuyuan Li Hang, Wang mouth ancient village (Wuyuan County) The small village house (Shanxi Xiangfen County) Yongle Palace (Hill Xirui County) Niuheliang site (Chaoyang City, Liaoning Province) element on both sites (Zhenglan Banner of Inner Lightning Creek) Xi'an Forest of Stone Tablets in Xi'an ancient city ruins of the ancient city wall of Han Chang'an (Xi'an) Liangzhu site of West Lake in Hangzhou (Zhejiang Yuhang) recorded a mountain of ancient copper mine sites (Huangshi City, Hubei Daye County) Jiangnan Water Towns (Suzhou, Zhouzhuang, Tongli) Shennongjia Nature Reserve, the Silk Road (China) Cheng Yang Yongji Bridge (Sanjiang, the wind and rain bridge) Release Jiata Temple Buddha Temple (Ying County of Shanxi, the "pagoda") Marco Polo Bridge (Beijing Fengtai) Kaiyuan Temple Pagoda (Hebei Dingzhou) Buddhist Temple (Wutai County, Shanxi) Tang Daming Palace site (Xi'an) Lijiang River in Guilin (Guangxi) China Danxia combination (Jiangxi, Guizhou, Fujian, Guangdong, Zhejiang, Hunan) Gulangyu Xiamen Sacred Mountains of combinations (Hunan, Shaanxi, Henan, Shanxi, Shandong) years of agricultural culture (WANNIAN County) Four treasures of traditional medicine, Tibetan medicine, Jiangxi opera (that is, Yiyang), etc. (to be declared) 【Tentative List of World Heritage in China (2009.6 data)】 1. Grand Canal (Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan Province) 2. Beijing Yunju Si tower, and stone by the Library Cave (Fangshan District, Beijing) 3. Chinese liquor brewing ancient ruins: Liu Ling drunk site burning pot (Xushui County, Hebei Province), lidu shochu workshop sites (Jiangxi Jinxian), Swellfun site (Chengdu, Sichuan Province), Luzhou Daqu old pits group (Sichuan Luzhou City), Yi Jian Nan Spring Wine Shop No. old site (Mianzhu City in Sichuan Province) 4. Shanxi compound: Qiao Family Courtyard, Drainage Courtyard (Qi County in Shanxi Province), Wang's Grand Courtyard (Lingshi County in Shanxi Province), Cao Courtyard (Shanxi Gu County) 5. Shanshan ancient houses: the small village of ancient buildings (Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province), ancient buildings Dang (Korean city of Shaanxi Province) 6. Karez (Turpan City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region) 7. Ming city wall: Xingcheng wall (Xing City, Liaoning Province), Nanjing City Wall (Nanjing, Jiangsu Province), Jingzhou City Wall (Hubei Province), Xi'an City Wall (Xi'an, Shaanxi Province) 8. Niuheliang site (Lingyuan City, Liaoning Province, Jianping) 9. Element on both, both sites (Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are blue flag, Zhangbei County, Hebei Province) 10. Slender West Lake and the historic city of Yangzhou (Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province) 11. Jiangnan Water Town: Zhouzhuang (Kunshan City, Jiangsu Province), Lu Zhi (Wu County, Jiangsu Province), Wuzhen (Tongxiang City, Zhejiang Province), Xitang (Jiashan County) 12. Hangzhou West Lake Longjing Tea Park (Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province) 13. Liangzhu site (Yuhang District of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, Deqing County) 14. Chinese porcelain kiln site: Site Shanglinhu Yue (Cixi City, Zhejiang Province) 15. Hani Terrace (Yuanyang County, Yunnan) 16. Ancient copper mine sites: the site of Tongling copper (Ruichang City, Jiangxi Province) 17. Linzi ancient capital of Qi and Qi Wangling (Zibo City, Shandong Province) 18. Silk Road in China section (land parts: Henan, Shaanxi Province, Gansu Province, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; sea parts: Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Quanzhou City) 19. Songshan ancient buildings (Dengfeng City, Henan Province) 20. Fenghuang (Hunan Province, Fenghuang) 21. South Vietnam remains the country (Guangzhou, Guangdong Province) 22. 灵渠 (Xing'an County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) 23. Flower Mountain (Guangxi Ningming) 24. White Crane Ridge Ancient Hydrological Inscription (Fuling District of Chongqing Municipality) 25. Ancient Shu culture site: Jinsha Ruins, the ancient Shu Guan joint burial (Chengdu, Sichuan Province), Sanxingdui (Guanghan City) 26. Tibetan and Qiang towers and villages (Danba County, Sichuan Province, Li County, Mao County) 27. Miao villages: Miao Miao villages in the foothills of Mountain Thunder (Leishan County, Guizhou Province, Taijiang County, Jianhe County, from Jiang County) 28. Southeast Dong Nationality: six holes, nine holes of Dong Nationality (Liping County of Guizhou Province, from Jiang County, Rongjiang County) 29. "Suzhou Garden" Expansion Project: Suzhou Classical Gardens and Historic District (Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province) 30. "Ancient villages" expansion project: Tang Yue (Anhui Province Shexian), Li Hang, Wang I (Wuyuan County in Jiangxi Province) 31. "Qufu Confucius Temple, Cemetery of Confucius," Expansion Project: Nepal Mountain Temple (Qufu City, Shandong Province), Meng Temple, Bangladesh government, Meng Lin (Shandong Zoucheng), Yan Temple (Qufu City, Shandong Province), has Temple (Jiaxiang County, Shandong Province) 32. "Imperial Tombs" Expansion Project: Jane Lu tomb (Xinxiang, Henan) 33, China's Yin Ruins in Anyang 2006.7.13 cultural heritage sites in China, also known as the Yin Ruins in Anyang Shang Dynasty, covering about 24 square kilometers, is located in Anyang City of Henan Province Xiao Tuncun northwest area, dating back more than 3300 years of history. Yin Ruins is the late Shang Dynasty capital of China's famous sites on Chinese history of this literature, as well as Oracle and confirmed by archaeological excavations of the ancient capital of the earliest sites. 34, South China Karst 2007.6.27 natural heritage: the sword from the stone forest in Yunnan like, cylindrical and tower karst, karst forest in Guizhou Province and Chongqing Wulong to natural bridge, to sew, the day represented by the three-dimensional karst cave together constitute , formed in the 50 years to 3 billion years, with a total area of 1460 square kilometers, of which the nomination to (core area) area of 480 square kilometers, the buffer area of 980 square kilometers. 35, towers and ancient villages in Kaiping: 2007.6.28 cultural heritage, Kaiping Watchtowers in Kaiping City, Guangdong Province, is a special type of vernacular architecture is a _set_ of defense, residential and Western architectural art in one of the multi-storey tower architecture . According to existing evidence, Kaiping Watchtowers at the latest during the Ming period (16th century) have produced, to the late 19th and early 20th century developed into the performance of overseas Chinese history, social forms and cultural traditions of a unique group of architectural image. 36. Tulou: 2008.7.7 cultural heritage, is located in Longyan in Fujian Yongding, is unique in the world of magic mountain residential building, a wonderful work of ancient Chinese architecture. It has a long history and unique style, large-scale, compact structure. Earthen both square and round points. "Fujian Earth Building" unique, large-scale, structure, Kit Kat. Earthen culture rooted in the ethics of Oriental blood relationship, living together is a milestone in the history of traditional culture reflects the unique world of construction of large adobe Ben Zhu artistic achievement, with "outstanding universal value." 38 Wutai Mountain in Shanxi: 2009.6.26 cultural landscape heritage, Taishan is one of the world's five holy places of Buddhism, the highest in the first four famous Buddhist mountains in China, the State Council released the first batch of national key scenic spots, national forest parks, national foreign launch 35 tourism flagship product, is also one of Chinese famous, the State 5A first-class tourist area. Mount Wutai County of Shanxi Province is located in the north, from east, south, west, north and from around the five peaks, Wufeng standing up there, above the clouds form, the top no trees, flat and wide, as if the base soil of Taiwan, hence the name Mountain.
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English Expression
n.: World heritage
Related Phrases
France
paris
tower
showplace
music
dance with musical accompaniment
cyclopedia
drama culture
Lady courtyard
novel
movie
church
palace
Throughout the country priority Cultural relic Preserve denomination
palace