581 Chang'an in Sui Yang Jian. 589, off Chan, a unified country. Emperor imperial examination system was founded, the imperial examination system was officially formed. The opening of the Grand Canal northeast to 涿郡 (now Beijing), southeast to Yuhang (now Hangzhou), Luoyang as the center. Yongji drainage into, through economic channels, Han ditch, South River. Six provinces provinces System: Book of History, the history of sects. Six: workers, officials, torture, ritual, people, soldiers. Li Yuan Tang Chang'an in 618 years Tang Taizong and during the Rule 1, draw lessons from the Sui death; 2, good employment and Accepting Admonitions: Wei Zheng, Fang Xuanling, Du dark; 3, the adjustment rule policy: the implementation of six provinces in Sui Dynasty imperial examination system and improve the system; positive implementation of Land Equalization and implement rent yung modulation. Consequences for the subsequent prosperity of the Tang Dynasty to lay the foundation for a comprehensive. Empress Wu of the only female emperor in history to social and economic development. Kaiyuan prosperity, appointing talented, can be responsible for, dare to put forward their advices to Yao Chong, Song Jing. Evaluation: comparison of political stability, productivity continued to develop. Tang Kaiming ethnic minorities policy: a beat Turkic, the establishment of the North Court and Anxi Dohobu (Emperor); 2, canonized as the Wai Yan Khan Glucosamine Philo; 3, the establishment of Blackwater Dohobu, management Blackwater Mohe, Bohai Dohobu create, manage Sumo Mohe; 4, canonized Piluo Ge Wang of Yunnan; 5, Princess Wen Cheng of Tang Taizong sent to Tibet, Tibet Tang Zhongzong sent Princess Jincheng, Tang and the league. 755 Fan Yang Lushan Rebellion in the rebel uprising, the Shi Siming and anti Tang. Impact: the agricultural production was greatly damaged by the strong shift Tang decline. Two-year tax sub-prime minister Yang Yan taxes twice in summer and autumn. Military separatism accelerates the decline and fall of the Tang Dynasty. 875 Wangxian Zhi Huang Chao Uprising, Huang Chao "avoid real hit virtual" national Tai Qi Sui Li Zhaozhou Bridge and other artisans of one the world's oldest stone arch bridge. 868 block printing Tang "King Kong" Monk measure the radial length of the line Sun Ssu "Medicine King," "Qian" Wu Daozi "Wu with the wind" "Huasheng" "King Songzi map" Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Value: Mogao Grottoes is the largest, most successful of the grotto art, but also one of the world's largest treasure house of art.
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Sui and Tang Dynasties
Sui, Yang Jian from the establishment in 581 AD Emperor Wen, Emperor Yang Guang to 618 murderers were hanged, were in existence for 37 years, is one of the typical short-lived dynasty. Emperor Wen's contribution: the creation of a new system of _select_ing officials, abolition of the six official system of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, established a system of six provinces. Wendi has also developed a new law, the penalty is no longer so cruel as the Northern and Southern Dynasties. The creation of "open imperial law." Create a granary. Imperial examination system was founded. Local Official simplified. Influenced the millennium. Scholars were founded Imperial Emperor system. Separated collection of three hundred years of war literature. Built the Grand Canal. Emperor is also famous in the history of brutality. Because of its exacting, sparking people sulked, was hanged killing at Jiangdu, Sui declared destruction. Sui and Tang dynasties, the laws and institutions in more has done, such as the six provinces of the system, examination system, the two tax laws and so far-reaching impact on future generations. Sui and adopt a more open policy of foreign, economic and cultural exchanges abroad frequently. Greatest literary achievements of the Tang Dynasty. To Early ang, Bai, Du Fu, Bai in the Tang, Yuan Zhen, Tang yin, Du Mu is an outstanding representative. Han Yu and Liu advocated literary movement, a great impact on future generations. Yen Chen-ching calligraphy, Yan Liben, Wu Daozi, Li Xun, Wang's painting, "霓裳羽衣舞" and other music and dance, and many of the grotto art, are handed down to posterity. Science and technology, China's four great inventions of the printing and gunpowder were found in this period two. Political turmoil the late Tang Dynasty, Li political struggle from the eunuch, continue to occur during the peasant uprising, and finally broke Huang Chao Uprising, uprising leader of the rebel Zhu Wen started down the Tang Dynasty, and later proclaimed himself emperor to replace the Tang Dynasty, established Five of the first ─ ─ Later Liang dynasty.
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Traditional repertoire ─ ─ "Sui"
Chinese traditional music. Has long been popular among Tang story, this book is the Sui and Tang dynasties as the background, came to the throne from Emperor Wen Chen from cutting to the throne only in Tang described the rise and fall before and after 180 years of change. Have also included a large number of folk tales and stories of peasant uprisings. It is the Emperor and emperor of the causal cycle runs through the main line as the plot, the careful description of the Gong Wei wins the internal struggle for power potential, erosion of luxury living, strong sense of exposure. Valuable is to create a large number of peasant revolution in a group of heroes, such as Qin Qiong, Cheng Yaojin, Dan Xiongxin other, life, won the people's favorite. This book, the continued competition from the book, "said Tang Biography", "Tang said after the transfer," "Zheng Xi Chuan Tang said," and so on, endless, but its achievements are not and "Tang Dynasties." Ming and early Qing Liu Jingting good at saying "Qinshubao see the girl," and other exciting plot. Storytelling masters during the Period of the Dengguang Chen, Ming and Qing Dynasties are double thick floor to say "Tang" were re-pm; southern species such as Suzhou Pinghua music, ethnic music types such as good to treasure, Tamboura playing and singing, etc. This also track, we can see far-reaching. AD 581 to 960, which 380 years of feudalism in China continue to develop and achieve the prosperity of the Tang and Five Dynasties period of Chinese feudal society, which is the second peak period. Sui grand pattern of social, open momentum, magnificent scenes, for unmatched by successive dynasties. At the time of the world, China is at the forefront of the development is the most civilized, the most prosperous and developed, the most prosperous powerful nation.
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Cultural achievement Sui
First, the advanced social system. The 5th century to the 11th century, the early medieval world, roughly equivalent to China's Jin to the Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. At this time, Western Europe until North Africa, Central Asia, East Asia, have just entered the feudal society, a society than China's backward stage of development. And the East, such as Japan, but also in China, under the influence of feudal culture, was started in the mid-7th century Taika Reform, gradually established the feudal system. Into the feudal society in the world, the Sui and Tang dynasties of China, the feudal system has been developed more than 1,000 years, a variety of political, economic, cultural system, has been complete, much of the world, especially the neighboring countries in East Asia of the feudal process. Fifth, economic and cultural center of the world. Advanced and prosperous powerful civilization of China was the world, especially Asian countries, economic and cultural center. Sui and Tang Dynasty China to further strengthen ties with the world, Chang became the cosmopolitan city, there are countries in Chang'an envoys, merchants, shops opened by a barbarian. Western Han and Tang Dynasties are the exchange of the Silk Road, the Han Chinese and foreign direct contact is also limited to Central Asia, India, is the furthest Ban Chao Fu Shi Gan Ying to the Persian Gulf. Sui and Tang dynasties, especially the Tang Dynasty, China and the Near East, India, Japan, South Pacific Islands, contact greatly enhanced. Merchants, envoys traveling without a break. Merchant ships loaded with cargo in the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean sail sailing, the group of camels, horses Mercedes-Benz on the Silk Road, Chinese silk, porcelain, paper, printing the West and India, Central Asia to the Chinese culture cultural development in far-reaching effects, such as clothing, customs, food, language, art, science, calendar, mathematics, medicine, religious, and products into China have the courage and learn to accept new things beneficial to the Sui and Tang dynasty and the Chinese people , by absorbing outside the domain of culture to enrich and develop the traditional culture. China during the Sui and Tang Dynasties are so advanced, civilized, prosperous, powerful, it is the historical development of the world, especially Asia, has a special status, plays a huge role, became the center of Asia, one of the world centers. Envy of all the peoples of Asia Chinese enterprises, "infinite yearning for Chinese culture," "earnest hope that the political unification of China should be like a national organization to lead the economy as brilliant as the Han Chinese cultural life." Mighty grand Sui Five Dynasties period, in the history of Chinese feudal society, in the history of the world, especially Asia, special, splendid position, is worthy of our pride, but also should be seriously and thoroughly understand.
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