Yuanmou, Yunnan Province about 170 million years ago, our country's earliest known human. Peking Man dating back about 70 to 20 years. Rating: 1, with natural fire; 2, manufacturing tools. Cavemen about 18,000 years ago, Beijing Zhoukoudian cave keel mountain top. Rating: 1, make fire; 2, into the clan. Zhejiang Yuyao Hemudu Hemudu clan village dating back some 7,000 years matriarchal. Rating: 1, the use of pottery, food remaining; 2, planting rice. Banpo clan Xi'an Banpo village. Rating: 1, advanced tools (Neolithic); 2 kinds of polyethylene; 3, the original text. Dawenkou advanced Shandong Province dawenkou since about 4000, 5000 years. Rating: 1, human society entered the paternal; 2, the rich-poor divide. Huangdi and Yandi 4000 years ago, the Yellow River Basin. Huangdi and Yandi tribal alliances - Huaxia trunk. "Descendants" Yao, Shun and Yu period - elected leader of the Democratic Alliance tribal system: the "demise" Summer According to Sima Qian, "Historical Records", circa 2070 Kai establish hereditary throne instead of abdication. Note: According to "molecular anthropology" scientific principles, combined with China did not find any human fossils 10 million years ago to 50,000 years ago, it can be inferred Yuanmou Man, Lantian Man, Peking Man ...... not for the Chinese ancestors.
Translated by Google
No. 2
(It is now about 300 million years 21 ─ century BC) the people of many countries in the world produce heaven, earth and mankind appeared, there are various different versions. In China, about Pangu and Nuwa made man a kind of ancient legends. But with the development of science, particularly the development of modern archeology, anthropology and ancient geology, revealing the mysteries of the Earth's formation, also reveals the man is a product of biological evolution. Currently, archaeologists and paleoanthropologists human fossils found in Africa, dating back more than 300 years, so Africa is considered to be the origin of mankind. "Wushan man" in China, Wushan County, Chongqing Municipality discovered fossils dating back 200 million years there. In addition, also found many ancient human fossils, such as the later years of "Yuanmou Man," "Lantian Man", "Peking Man" and "cavemen" and so on, a lot of quantity, but also a very wide geographical distribution. Therefore, Chinese archaeologists made: East Asia is also the origin of mankind. Human presence is the result of biological evolution, it is Australopithecus evolved. Results of archaeological finds of recent decades and paleoanthropology research proves that early humans and Australopithecus relationship is very close, so that "from ape to man" doctrine, gaining more and more evidence. The emergence of human labor-related. Production and use of man's first tool is chipped stone tools. Archaeologists with the subsequent emergence of the polished stone to distinguish the production and use of chipped stone age called the Paleolithic, the latter (ie, the production and use of polished stone era) known as the Neolithic. In order to study their development and progress in the historical process, the archaeologists will divide them into three early in the evening. The Paleolithic three points early in the evening, and paleoanthropologist based on the physical characteristics of ancient human Homo erectus (ape), early Homo sapiens (the ancients), Homo sapiens (new) roughly three stages is consistent. Early in the Paleolithic, chipped stone with thick bulky, simple classes, a multi-purpose device for its characteristics; to the late Paleolithic, Neolithic tend to miniaturization and diversification, increased class, also invented the bow and arrow , spears and other complex tools and drilling technology, there has been a small amount of polished stone. In the Paleolithic people to collect fruit and hunting and fishing. They do not build houses, multi-shelter in the cave, lived a solitary life. In the early Paleolithic Age, people have learned to use fire. First collected wildfires, make fire after the invention of artificial methods, such as the fight against flint to make fire, log fires and so on. Fire has great significance for the use of human evolution. It can be used for lighting, get rid of the beast, driving cold, raw food has changed people's habits. Because cooked food can shorten the digestive process, so that more nutrients are absorbed by the body, and to the chemical composition of the blood changes, prompting people to increase physical strength, brains developed. If the average brain capacity 300,000 years ago, Beijing was 1059 ml, brain capacity of a million years ago, cavemen for 1200 ─ 1500 ml of brain volume has reached modern range, height is also a person's height and the modern North close. Paleolithic site found so far in China, and throughout the country 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, indicating the scope of ancient human activity on this earth, is quite broad. Ten thousand years ago, humans enter the Neolithic. After entering the Holocene, the Earth's temperature is gradually warming, humans gradually out of the mountains toward the plains activities. In order to adapt to the new environment, people choose a location clans near water, build houses, and the invention of pottery, primitive agriculture appeared and began to _set_tle in life. Universal milling and drilling technology to make a variety of stone tools tends to regulate the production, stereotypes, more suitable for a variety of purposes. Archaeologists After a long exploration, research, found that Chinese Neolithic sites in the distribution, and contemporary Chinese population is very similar to the layout, relatively concentrated in the eastern half of the dense river network. People's food structure also rice in the south, north planting millet millet. Dating back 9000 years ago, there have been cultivated rice, indicating the birthplace of rice in China rather than India. 8000 years ago, our ancestors have been carved out of jade, the invention of textile technology, appeared in seven pentatonic music, you can play the melody, there was carved symbols. 7000 years ago unearthed in the ruins of the canoe and wood pulp, indicating that already have water transport, cattle have been domesticated. Yangshao inhabitants 6,000 years ago to create a colorful painted pottery culture, also appeared with ramming technique to build a small castle. 5000 years ago, silkworm breeding and silk woven with the silk, but also mastered the technology of artificial smelting, casting a bronze knife a class of small tools. Text appeared 4,000 years ago, a group of ancient cities in the Yangtze River and the rise of the Yellow River have on the ground plane. Rustic planting grains described in ancient literature, the Yellow Emperor's wife Lei Faming silk, his ministers invention text journey and the Yellow Emperor Chi war, etc., because these findings illustrate these legends are not false, they contain a lot of historical shadow. These findings also suggest that Chinese civilization is indeed a long history. Ancient inhabitants living together, so today you can see the excavated ruins of a residential _set_tlement formation, see the orderly arrangement of the tombs in the cemetery. People thrive in the long years, the population is growing. When increased to a certain number, just like cell division and separation as a new clan. As a link between them in the blood to form larger tribes. In the late primitive society, there are many clans, tribes and tribal land of China. Ancient scientists will group them into China, Dong Yi and Miao Man Group Group. Which China Group Huangdi and Yandi family as the main family. They initially lived in today's Shaanxi Province, and later eastward, respectively, continue to expand their influence. They Dongyi Group and westward, northward Miaoman Group's many wars occurred. In the War of the legend, Huangdi and Yandi defeated Chi as the leader in the Dongyi Group, making China our forces expanded to today's Shandong Province. In order to compete for the league's leader, Huangdi and Yandi in Banquan war, Yandi defeated. Located in the northern region of the Yellow Emperor momentum south, so that the forces of Glory tribes reach of the Yangtze River and Hanjiang River Basin, China Group, an unprecedented expansion of power. After Yu, Xia, Shang and Zhou are the descendants of the Yellow Emperor, in thousands of years of history, China established a specific position, the Emperor of China has become a common ancestor. In ancient times, due to low productivity, it is only through a collective effort to survive. People do everything, working together, the average distribution of food. In order to survive and develop, they have a fair election, when the leader of the elite people to lead the production, resist foreign intrusion. Therefore, the ancient legends appeared recommend Shun Yao, Shun and Yu recommend, first recommend Gao Yao Yu, Gao Yao's death benefit when the tribal leaders and recommend the story (but without success), the history of this practice known as "Abdication . " This is an equality of public wealth, and thus did not compete for fraud, nor thieves looted era. Ancient historians say the society of this period Datong society. Ancient inhabitants and development in order to survive in harsh environments with a variety of natural disasters, fight tenaciously. Which stories of ancient Dayu: Facing the surging floods, raging beasts, Yao in order to rescue people from the floods, the fate Gun to flood. Gun control approach with jam, nine years despite efforts still failed. So, Shun Yu and life, summed up the Gun Yu flood lessons, grooming approach instead. He led the people wholeheartedly irrigation, flood control, "three past his home without" After eight years (some say ten years), and finally conquered the flood. This legend reflects the ancient ancestors perseverance in the face of natural disasters, and actively fight fearless spirit. With the increase in productivity, the value of labor produced by more than one person while he himself has been spending the balance of captured prisoners of war are no longer killed. They were forced to be enslaved labor productivity, they are masters of all the wealth of possession. Thus, the emergence of private ownership. Archaeologists discovered the Longshan culture in some tombs there have coffin coffin, there are many pottery, jade, ivory, and a symbol of wealth pig jaw bone and other funerary items; Some tombs and graves only a few small pieces of pottery ; there are some dead decapitated, neither grave nor funerary items, and even discarded in abandoned cellar hole or ditch being. This shows that the identity of the deceased, the status and situation possession of wealth is not the same. Some leaders use their privileged rich first. Growing rich-poor divide, the clan and tribal rulers became the first of the exploiting classes. Primitive society internally generated different classes, showed the late primitive society. In this case, between the family and the family in order to plunder the wealth for the purpose of slavery and war frequently appeared; for the defense of the hostile party to plunder and harassment, they each built up a seat towering fortresses; to adapt to the needs of the war, weapons production attracted universal attention: In order to safeguard the interests of the privileged, and they abandon the past customary law, developed a new system of regulation; "demise" system can not continue to practice, must be replaced for the new system. Thus, to the death of Yu Yu's son Kai kill beneficial and win the position of leader, creating a father to son, a new era of home world, called a well-off society. Since then, there has been the first hereditary dynasty ─ ─ Xia Dynasty in Chinese history.
the Three Gorges (Qutang Gorge, Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge) of the Yangtze river High antiquity check Prose in the classical literary style to make into
Xia Dynasty