Small Arms Light weapons usually refers to firearms and other portable by the individual soldier or team fighting weapons. Also known as the "light weapons". The major equipment objects Infantry extensive equipment in the other armed services and branches of the military. Major combat use is killing vital forces, the damage light armored vehicles, destruction of weaponry and military facilities. Light weapons, the main firearms, the level of development of a national firearms (rifle), can be seen as a sign of the level of development of light weapons. Firearms usually including pistols, submachine guns, rifles, machine guns and special guns (shotguns, riot guns, lifesaving gun signal gun). The grenade shells kinds is fragmentation grenades, in addition to the anti-tank, burning, smoke shells species. The rifle grenade major destruction, Sunder, smoke, burning and lighting and other types. The grenade launcher can be divided into two categories of firearms and mortar. Firearms another type of gun hanging below the rifle barrel grenade launcher, rifles, shoulder-fired grenade launchers (also known as grenades) and machine gun-rack shot automatic grenade launcher grenade machine gun (also known as) points; forced blow gun type capable of reaching the launch, including grenade launchers and ejection grenade launcher. Rocket launchers, including various types of rocket launchers, gun hair big powerful tackle rockets and other small rocket launcher. Recoilless launchers after the Spitfire drug gas-fired and balanced projectile-two. The light burning weapons, including portable flamethrower and some other special combustion equipment. Portable flamethrower is a soldier-jet flame jet the close Huogong weapons, mainly relying on fortifications guarding the vital forces, for the elimination of the fight against impact cluster infantry, particularly suitable for attack tunnels, caves and firepower fortifications. Man-missiles is a man-portable missile line, mainly used for anti-tank or anti-low-flying targets combat. The small arms of the English term originally refers only available man-portable firearms such as pistols, submachine guns, rifles, after development, including a variety of large and small caliber machine guns, grenade launchers, rocket launchers and recoilless launchers . Modern light weapons, including firearms and grenades, rifle grenades, grenade launchers, rocket launchers and recoilless launchers, in addition to light incendiary weapons and man-missiles. The Chinese academia habits of the above-mentioned light weapons is broadly divided into two categories, but there are two points of view: a view that light weapons can be divided into firearms and melee weapons; Another view is that light weapons should be divided into firearms, grenade weapons and other types of light weapons. The two views can be seen in some light weapons monographs, documents, standards or dictionaries. [Defined] Listed below are 15 kinds of tools in the book "Light weapons" entry Explanation: Man-portable light weapons, such as pistols, revolvers, rifles and submachine guns. Caliber is equal to or less than 0.60 inches (15.24mm) all weapons, including automatic weapons and shotguns. Pistols, rifles and small caliber weapons are. 4 light weapons, including general single portable, with one hand or both hands to manage the launch of all weapons. According to the military definition of light weapons, including machine guns. Single portable and operation of weapons, including shoulder-fired weapons (sometimes called guns), one-handed shooting weapons (pistols, revolvers, etc.) and machine guns. In general, the caliber 1 inch (25.4mm) of those classified as light weapons class. Caliber firearms larger than 20mm, with few exceptions, light weapons in combat is usually available handheld. 7. Warheads or other destruction shooting barrel weapons, in all kinds of weapons, it's the largest number. Light weapons type the following characteristics distinguish: caliber, uses, methods of operation, gun method, injection of anti-body energy source required for combat use and maintenance methods, degree of automation, shooting performance, the barrel of the number and structure characteristics. Light weapons are usually divided into small caliber (6.5mm), ordinary caliber (6.5 ~ 9mm) and large diameter (9 to 14.5mm). Modern light: fighting, test-fired, coaches, sports and hunting weapons use can be divided into classes, operations and armed methods can be divided into: pistols, revolvers, submachine guns, assault rifles, rifles, sniper rifles, carbines, light machine guns, heavy machine guns and the severity of the dual-purpose machine gun. 8 A small-caliber weapons. Light weapons in the ordnance department, is defined as a diameter less than or equal to 1 inch (25.4mm) of weapons, including firing weapons, such as pistols, carbines, rifles and shotguns and other one-handed shooting weapons and yoke. 9 shooting by one or both hands gripping the small caliber firearms such as pistols, rifles. Able to square portable line, shooting by one or both hands gripping the firearm, such as pistols, rifles, etc.. 11 A by a single person carries a line of weapons. 12 A small arms, including a variety of handheld and shoulder hanging weapons, such as pistols, carbines, rifles and shotguns, etc.. 13 that can carry small firing weapons for single use, handheld and shoulder hung weapons, including pistols, carbines and shotguns. Close range, easy to carry weapons, such as rifles, pistols, light machine guns. 15 Where for the individual soldier to carry and use weapons is called. Pan-words, different from the artillery and armored weapons light infantry weapons, can be included. In modern military equipment, including light weapons. Pistols, revolvers, carbines, and submachine guns, rifles, rifle-caliber machine guns, grenade launchers, light rocket launchers, most of the non-recoil weapons. Recoilless arms and low muzzle velocity weapons, guns is caliber distinction 20mm caliber weapons collectively referred to as light weapons, this classification is now obsolete. "Fifteen words," seen from above, light weapons means firearms, and emphasized the man-portable use. Only modern warfare Dictionary "a grenade launcher, light rocket launchers, most of the no recoil weapons are also included in the scope of light weapons. English Small Arms literally "small arms". Japanese people address him as "small firearms, the Germans call it" handheld weapons (Handwaffen) ", the Russians called it the" infantry weapons (CTРЕЛКОВОЕ ОРУЖИЕ) ", the French call it" light weapons (armes légères), or "portable weapons (armes portatives) ". Our country may be given the term "light weapons" is a reference to the French name. From the Han people's habits and psychological tendencies investigated nor will the "small" in English translated as "small", "small" words tend to make people think that the "primary" and "unimportant" or "fragile". The basic weapon of the infantry combat equipment called "small arms", I am afraid that the Chinese people are very difficult to accept emotionally. The word "light" is different, because its basic meaning is "weight" (and "heavy" relative), the extended meaning of the word "light" can also be composed of such "frivolous" and "reckless" derogatory term, but , people think of when it comes to weapons and equipment often is "traveling light", "light", "lightweight" and the meaning. Is worth noting that the "Jane's Infantry Weapons Yearbook (1980-1981 Edition): soldiers, weapons and equipment classification," light weapons "is not a separate class, and use:" point target weapon (Point-target Weapons) this title, including revolvers and self-loading pistols, submachine guns, rifles, machine guns and 20-30mm cannon, etc.. "Jane's" hand grenades, rifle grenades, grenade launchers included surface target destruction weapons (Area Weapons) bivalent quadruple 14.5mm antiaircraft machine gun included antiaircraft weapons Antiaircraft Weapons; put rocket launchers, no recoilless guns, etc. to be included in the "anti-tank weapons Antitank Weapons". Although there is no legislation for light weapons "account", but Colonel Yearbook editor-in-chief of the British infantry weapons experts Wicks to write the preface for the 1980-1981 edition, first subheading in the "Jane's directory NATO Small Arms Trials (NATO light weapons _Select_ion experiments) contains the common name of "light weapons". Differences based on each nation's language, culture science and technology and traditional habits of "light weapons" call different understanding are not the same. There is no need to assess who was right, which one is better here, but one thing is certain, that "light weapons" as a separate military technology TECHNICAL TERMS long exist. Shi light weapons in the world "and" Iraq's world light weapons "masterpiece of two modern light weapons are limited to pistols, revolvers, submachine guns, rifles, machine guns range. "American Encyclopedia" "light weapons" entry in this statement: "light weapons include three categories: (1) handheld shooting weapons, (2) against the shoulder firing weapons, (3) machine gun." The English light weapons, "Small Arms" understanding of the term, read English literature, caution, and sometimes may only "arms", or even "one-handed firearms solution. But as the important one of the modern equipment, I think: a brief definition of the term "light weapons" on the "Military Division Encyclopedia strong generality, that" light weapons usually refers to firearms and shifted from individuals or team Carrying a weapon of battle. " This interpretation, it is recommended that the community and the relevant departments of the light weapons within a longer historical stage. Published in 1992, the weapons industry, science and technology Dictionary definition of light weapons is almost exactly the same and Chinese Military Encyclopedia. "Light weapons - firearms and other weapons portable by the individual soldier or team fighting." Two important "light weapons Explanation Note: Explanation of English and Chinese • Chinese-English the light weapons terminology dictionary "About light weapons:" man-or team to carry and use weapons. " Preface interpretation of the text on light weapons in the 1992-1993 edition of "Jane's Infantry Weapons Yearbook: less than 50mm caliber team portable direct fire weapons and supporting arms including anti-light armor and anti-helicopter gunships. The way to talk about the relationship between Small Arms and Firearms, their differences and use. Firearms (often plural form) Vernacular through translated as "firearms", but "firearms" how to define the different Chinese Dictionary and English Dictionary. "Modern Chinese Dictionary" says: Firearms - the killing and the destruction of the power of weapons to play with explosives, explosive performance, such as guns, guns, grenades and other ". English Firearms Dictionary definition of "firearms - With any kind of instrument. Propellant and firing mechanism to launch a single projectile or cluster projectile (Note that the term of this dictionary revenue only, including pistols, revolvers, rifles, carbines, shotguns sporting gun, bullets, shotgun, not only does not include machine guns, submachine guns also, let alone hand grenades, rocket launchers, etc.). interpretation of the text of the English version of the Webster's New World Dictionary ":" Firearms - With gunpowder explosive promote any weapons firing projectiles, especially a light and small enough to portable weapons, such as rifles or pistols. "Thus, in the field of light weapons, the use of the two-term comparison, Small Arms may refer to the general term of" arms "(gun), while Firearms understood as" man-firearms. 【Characteristics and role] Main features of light weapons is: 1, light weight, small size, the majority can separate use, by the individual soldier or battle group to bring the line; 2, easy, fire quickly, fierce fire; 3, the ability to adapt to the environment and strong, may be in poor condition under combat, one can reach the place light weapons can be achieved, especially adapted to the use of behind enemy lines in the struggle; 4, full range of equipment, anti-personnel, mission requirements, destroying armored defense at low altitude, arson, smokescreen, poison gas are The use of light weapons; 5, the structure is simple, easy to manufacture, low cost, suitable for mass production, a lot of equipment. Light weapons and other tactical weapons irreplaceable function. Armed infantry is the main body of the national armed forces. Forces on the modern battlefield will not be confined to a ground combat and ground offensive and defensive combat is often visible distance crossfire. The main role of light weapons: ① implementation of the close fire attack and close support infantry assault attack battle; ② defensive battle than on the long-range sniper or suppress the enemy to attack at close range the impact of the curb and smash enemy infantry; (3) in the special environment (jungle, mountains, towns, etc.) operations; ④ infantry used in anti-armor echelon fire system, rocket launchers, recoilless launchers and armor rocket-propelled grenades and anti-tank grenades at close range firepower backbone; ⑤ damage to low-flying targets (helicopters, low-flying aircraft, etc.), destruction landed paratroopers; ⑥ is a necessary weapon of guerrilla warfare alert, patrolling, reconnaissance and self-defense. Of light weapons in modern warfare tactical function can be summarized as the following eight: Light weapons is the basic weapons in the hands of modern Infantry (Light Infantry and armored infantry), is the most effective anti-melee means; 2 light weapons in support infantry impact suppress and destroy enemy firing points (enemy machine gun bunker, grenade launchers and anti-tank weapons positions, etc.), there is a considerable deterrent and combat; Defensive, at close range, light weapons curb and smash the main firepower source of enemy dismounted infantry shock; 4 the battle (jungle, canyons, towns, etc.) under certain conditions, light weapons can play a very important role; Behind enemy lines, guerrilla warfare, attack enemy transport lines (especially its oil supply system), supply base, front-line airport, missile launch base, communication systems, and command organs and other light weapons may be the main means of combat; Alert, patrolling, reconnaissance and self-defense, must be equipped with light weapons; In the echelon of anti-armor fire system rifle fitted rocket-propelled grenades and light anti-armor means there can not be ignored; 8 light weapons, anti-low-altitude low-speed air targets (such as parachuting soldiers, helicopters and low-altitude aircraft) role. 【Development Brief History Firearms generated from no later than the beginning of the 9th century Chinese invention of gunpowder. China made in 1259 to sub-nest of black gunpowder launch the bamboo pipes spears, is considered to be the earliest barrel shooting firearms. European firearms generally go through the following process: 14th century fire door gun 15th century matchlock gun flint gun (flintlock), also known as the 16th century, firing guns in the early 19th century, the mid-19th century metal cartridge case given needle gun mounted strike after loading the magazine gun the second half of the 19th century, the end of the 19th century automatic firearms. In this for more than 600 years in the development process, the firearms installed by the former to the after-loading smoothbore to rifled by a non-automatic to automatic undergone several major changes. Before the middle of the 19th century, the development of firearms is mainly focused on improving the convenience and reliability of the ignition method, the end of the 19th century have seen a breakthrough to increase the rate of fire. Variety of firearms from less to more, gradually reduce weight descending caliber, with a range from near and far, the rate of fire gradually improved and developed to this level. Infantry using small explosive or incendiary ammunition is often referred to as the grenade. The first grenade killing and burning the main future development appears Sunder, chemical, smoke, lighting and other kinds of shells. (Grenade) the grenade can hand cast, gun hair (rifle grenade) or launch special grenade launchers. According to historical records, grenades first appeared in the early 11th century in China appeared in Europe in the late 15th century. Grenades and grenade launchers appeared in the late 16th century, in order to increase the grenade throwing distance developed. In World War II, has been found in the rocket launchers and recoilless launchers. Appeared in the 1960s, with the guidance system of man-made according to the principles of rocket launchers, missiles. Light weapons is to guide and promote the needs of the tactical and technical (ie the level of development of productive forces), may allow the constraints gradually developed. Ancient times people fantasy "God marbles and palm grenades", due to the emergence of the invention of gunpowder, firearms and grenades, and reality. The face of the the enemy cluster infantry impact and increase the transmission speed, has been the major issue of the development of early firearms, only in the progress of science and technology to the end of the 19th century, after a loaded gun and metal cartridge case is ripe given loading bullets, makes automatic weapons appeared, considered essentially resolved. The beginning of the 20th century, the rise of trench warfare, once short shrift grenade attention again; evolution of a light machine gun in order to accompany the infantry squad fighting and heavy machine guns; positions in the battle for the increase, requiring close range firepower to make submachine gun born war; aircraft and tanks on the battlefield, tanks, machine guns, air machine guns, antiaircraft machine guns, anti-tank guns, recoilless launchers, rocket launchers and man-missiles, etc. have been developed. The mid-20th century, the birth of nuclear weapons, infantry motorized armored realization greatly facilitate the infantry the battlefield movement speed and the protective capabilities, firearms, highlight the power into the conditions to guarantee the necessary power of the outstanding maneuvering and sustained combat capability, 6 mm small-caliber assault rifle along with developed into a world trend. Light weapons in the tactical demand-driven development, which in turn also compiled the army, tactics, and even military theory has had a significant impact. The mid-17th century bayonets, muskets hand has been fighting in self-defense weapons, the end of the 17th century pikemen disappear begins a European army, cold weapons relegated to a secondary position. Before the 17th century, the opposing sides warring distance often very close, the grenade had prevailed, many of the military establishment of specialized Grenadiers. Automatic weapons in the late 19th century, the emergence of the battlefield situation and tactics is particularly evident in the national army had to abandon the troop-intensive "columns tactics spread tactical"; "leap" to become intensive machine-gun and rifle hope of major movement under way in the fire; enemy machine gun fire to be overcome before the impact of all infantry success are very small, and has become very necessary tactical the fire preparation before the impact. Trends In the 1980s and 1990s, undergoing replacement of light weapons change. In the United States, the Soviet Union and the Western European countries have carried out the the light weaponry update; some countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and Eastern Europe also adopted a new type of light weapons. This light weapons during the development of new products is also very active and some have successfully developed and began to equip the army, and some are in the development and testing stage. Trends of modern light weapons roughly: ① assault rifles will continue in terms of structure and performance, innovation and development, advanced combat rifle, light nibbling together shot, new carbine, individual self-defense gun, light machine guns, all-in-one rifle new single soldiers fighting weapons have emerged; rifles and light machine guns, a combination of classes at gun family widely used further. ② Special Forces use of light individual weapons will have greater development. ③ pistol, a pistol warheads hit the body it quickly after the loss of combat effectiveness will focus on solving the problem of stopping power and penetration performance while improving. The ④ sniper rifles tend to increase the range, more powerful ammunition and shooting accuracy. The ⑤ step machine gun ammunition, especially multi-role bullets caseless the Arrow missile duplex ammunition and some other new structures bullets will have larger development. (6) automatic grenade launcher will greatly reduce the weight, the development of new high power ammunition (including proximity fuze) and circadian ranging aiming-one compact fire control system. ⑦ ordinary caliber general purpose machine gun or medium machine gun ground field will tend to reduce this type of machine guns major equipment in a variety of vehicles, helicopters, low-altitude combat aircraft used alone or as a parallel weapons fighting vehicles (with the main gun of the same -axis) is used. ⑧ ground, and the car airborne large-caliber machine guns will continue to be developed to reduce weight, increase ammunition varieties, developed lightweight and efficient fire control system to increase the range and improve shooting accuracy. ⑨ shotguns the military performance improvement will be the focus of research and development projects. ⑩ low emission traces of light weapons (no flame, smoke-free, micro-sound) there will be further developed. The light short-range anti-armor, storming and destruction repression with rocket launchers and recoilless launchers will be greater development. The infantry with a lightweight, low-cost optical telescopes, night vision equipment and ranging aiming unity device will be more rapid pace of development and use. anti-terrorism and anti-riot weapons and ammunition will be more attention. Light weapons training and exercises ammunition and combat simulation device development, will accelerate the pace and gradually widely used. With the advancement of science and technology, light weapons will be exploring new works, new structured products to continue to develop world an endless variety of new guns and ammunition testing program illustrates this problem. Improve the mobility of light weapons, but also focus on enhancing its power to increase its firepower density, in order to improve its operational efficiency; to improve light weapons on the task, and environmental adaptability, enhance light weapons, anti-tank, anti-air raid ability to make firearms achieve point, the integration of surface destruction and Sunder. Light weapons in the new material (such as light metals, engineering plastics, etc.), new energy sources (such as non-gunpowder energy - electromagnetic energy, sound energy, solar energy, etc.) and high-tech aspects will also be promising.
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Encyclopedia
Light weapons small arms qlngwuql Light weapons (small arms) usually refers to firearms and its His various portable line fighting weapons and as early as by the individual soldier or team Hereinafter referred to as "light weapons". Major equipment infantry, also widely Pan equipment other services and arms. Its main combat with Passers killing vital forces, the damage of light armored vehicles, broken Bad other weaponry and military facilities. Light qing 783 - Bang - a ~ - eleven - a - Connotation and classification of English terminology sma and ar the eye most fire light weapons: evolution of a light machine gun heavy machine gun ① offensive battle; positions battle The First refers only available for man-portable firearms, such as pistols, assault implementation of the recent increase with sudden short distance away from the fire attack and support infantry requirements in close range firepower to make the EU Gun, rifle, after development including various size mouth hit; ② defensive battle in the war than on the long-range sniper or pressure gun out; aircraft and tanks on the battlefield Diameter of machine guns, grenade launchers, rocket launchers and recoilless system to attack the enemy in close proximity to curb and crush the enemy step tanks, machine guns, air machine guns, antiaircraft machine guns, anti-tank Force transmitter and the like. Modern light weapons, including the impact of the soldiers; ③ in the special environment (jungle, mountains, guns, recoilless launchers, rocket launchers and man-missile Firearms and grenades, rifle grenades, grenade launchers, rocket town) operational use; ④ anti-armor echelon firepower have been developed. The Festival of the mid-20th century nuclear weapons Transmitter and I recoilless launchers, in addition to the light burning with the Department of infantry to use rocket launchers, recoilless occurred, motorized infantry, armored achieve greatly facilitated Burn the weapons and man-missiles. Chinese academia Xi 'quality emitter and armor rocket-propelled grenades and anti-tank grenade near the infantry the battlefield movement speed and protection capabilities, Summarize the various light weapons are divided into two categories, but the backbone of the distance from the fire; ⑤ damage low-flying targets (straight firearms requirements by highlighting the power into ensuring the Two views: One view is that the light weapons divided into gun liter machine, low-flying aircraft), the necessary destruction landed powerful, outstanding maneuverability and continued for Firearms and melee weapons; Another view is that light weapons should paratroopers; ⑥ guerrilla combat alert, patrolling, reconnaissance and warfare capabilities, along with assault rifles following day 6 mm diameter When divided into firearms, grenade weapons and other types of light weapons. Necessary weapon of self-defense. Development to become a world trend. Two views can be seen in a certain light weapons monographs, file brief history of firearms generation from the tactical demand-driven development to no later than 9 world light weapons, anti- Standard dictionaries middle. Ji early Chinese invention of gunpowder. 1259 made in China over the army establishment, and tactics, and even military rationale Light Weapons in the main firearms a national firearms to the case of bamboo pipes of black gunpowder launch sub-spears, think that the theory had a significant impact. The mid-17th century bayonet, (Especially) the level of development of the rifle, can be seen as its earliest barrel shooting firearms. The European firearms musket hand has been fighting in self-defense weapons, the end of the 17th century A sign of the level of development of light weapons. Usually firearms including hand roughly through the following process: 14th century pikemen disappeared begins a European army, the cold steel retire Matchlock guns, submachine guns, rifles, machine guns and special guns (clap the bullet gun fire door guns, in the 15th century, 161 ended discipline home to a secondary status. Before the 17th century, the opposing sides warring Riot guns, lifesaving gun signal gun). The the grenade base chert gun (Yi said through hair gun), early 19th century often close firing distance, the grenades had a passing fad, many military The shells species is the destruction, in addition to anti-tank grenade, fired guns in the mid-19th century metal
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