Lamellibranchia Gang : Bivalvia > shellfish
Contents
No. 1
  属软体动物门中的瓣鳃纲(或双壳纲)。因一般体外披有1—2块贝壳,故名。常见的牡蛎、贻贝、蛤、蛏等都属此类。现存种类1.1万种左右,其中80%生活于海洋中。
  详细内容请参见贝类动物一词。
百科大全
  beilei
  贝类
  shellfish
  即软体动物(Mollusca)。因具有石灰质贝壳,故名。包括单板纲(Monoplacophora)、无板纲 (Aplacophora)、多板纲(Polyplacophora)、腹足纲(Gastropoda)、掘足纲(Scaphopoda)、双壳纲(Bivalvia)和头足纲 (Cepha-lopoda)7个纲约10万余种。海洋、内陆水域和陆地都有分布,是具有食用和其他用途的重要经济动物。
  形态和构造 贝类的身体柔软,左右对称,不分节,由头、足、内脏囊、外套膜和贝壳 5部分组成。头部生有口、眼和触角等感觉器官。足部在身体的腹面,由强健的肌肉组成,是爬行、挖掘泥沙或游泳的器官。内脏囊位于身体背部,包括心脏、肾脏、胃、肠、消化腺和生殖腺等内脏器官。外套膜包被于身体的外面,系由内外两层表皮和其间的结缔组织、少许肌肉组成。外套膜的表皮细胞分泌贝壳,外套膜和贝壳都是贝类的保护器官。
  贝类的神经系统由脑、足、侧、脏 4对神经节和与其联络的神经构成。脑神经节位于食道的背侧,派出神经至头部和体前部;足神经节位于足的前部,派出神经至足部;侧神经节位于身体前部,派出神经至外套和鳃;脏神经节位于身体之后部,派出神经至内脏诸器官。贝类原始的种类神经系统简单,没有显著的神经节,较进化的种类形成神经节,更进化的种类则是各神经节集中在头部形成“脑”。感觉器官主要有触角、眼、平衡囊、嗅检器等。
  消化系统包括口、齿舌食道、胃肠、肛门和附属的消化腺,其中齿舌是贝类比较特殊的舐食和磨碎食物的器官,又是分类的重要根据之一。
  贝类靠鳃和肺呼吸。水生的种类有鳃,通常由外套膜内面皮肤伸展形成的,称为本鳃。每一鳃片鳃轴的两侧或一侧生有鳃丝,鳃上生有纤毛。依纤毛的运动使呼吸水流按一定线路通过鳃进行气体交换。有的种类本鳃消失,而用皮肤表面或在皮肤表面形成二次性鳃(后鳃类)进行呼吸。陆生种类外套膜的一部分形成脉网密集的肺室,借以在空气中呼吸。
  循环系统一般是开管式的,但在高等的头足类动脉管和静脉管由微血管联络成为闭管式。贝类循环系的中枢为心脏,心脏有1个心室,1个、2个或4个心耳。血液含血青素,一般无色,仅少数种类如双壳类的蚶和腹足类的扁卷螺有血红素,血液为红色。
  排泄系统的主要器官为肾脏。肾由具纤毛的肾管形成,一端与围心腔相通,另一端在外套腔中开口。肾脏的数目因种类而异,有6对、2对、1对或仅1个的。除肾脏外,有的种类围绕心腔壁上的腺体或肝脏的一部分也有排泄功能。
  生殖系统包括生殖腺、生殖输送管、交接器和一些附属腺体。雌雄异体或雌雄同体。
  生物学特性 贝类的生活方式因种类而异。陆生种类属于腹足类,都用肌肉健壮的足部在陆地上爬行。水生的种类生活方式有浮游、游泳、爬行、固着、穿孔和寄生等类型。浮游生活的种类都是随波逐流地在水中过漂浮生活。一般个体较小,贝壳薄或无贝壳,有的种类足特化成鳍,如翼足类(Pteropoda)、异足类(Heteropoda)中的许多种;有的种类足能分泌一个浮囊,携带动物在海洋表面漂浮,如海蜗牛(Janthina)。游泳生活的种类能在海洋中长距离洄游,如头足类中的乌贼、枪乌贼、柔鱼(Ommastrephes)等,它们的足特化成腕和漏斗,胴部两侧生有鳍,靠漏斗喷水和鳍的摆动可迅速平稳地游泳。某些双壳类如扇贝、栉孔扇贝(Chlamys)、日月贝(Amu-ssium)、锉蛤(Lima)等虽不是游泳生活的种,但必要时可凭借贝壳的急剧开合和外套膜触手的作用在海中进行蝶式游泳。大部分水生贝类营底栖生活,或在水底匍匐、爬行,或在底质中挖穴隐居,或附着在其他外物上生活。例如玉螺、泥螺(Bullacta)等在泥沙
English Expression
  1. :  conch
  2. n.:  shellfish,  molluscs
French Expression
  1. n.  gastropodes, testacés, mollusques
  2. n.  gastropodes / testacés / mollusques
Thesaurus
shellfish, crustacea
Related Phrases
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Containing Phrases
conchology
Classification details
Expandshellfishechinus
Nihonia mirabilis (Sowerby, 1914)Terebra triseriata (Gray, 1834)
Conus litteratus (Linnaeus, 1758)Drupa morum (Roeding, 1798)
Babelomurex purpuratus (Chenu, 1859)Stenomelania plicaria (Born, 1778)
Duplicaria dussumieri (Kiener, 1839)Hybochelus leucogranulatus (Pilsbry, 1890)
Daphnella mitrellaeformis (Nomura, 1940)Conus mustelinus (Hwass, 1792)
Nebularia chrysalis (Reeve, 1844)Cancellaria spengleriana (Deshayes, 1830)
Strigatella decurtata (Reeve, 1844)Cymatium rubeculum (Linnaeus, 1758)
Marchia loebbeckei (Kobelt, 1879)Siratus alabaster (Reeve, 1845)
Chicoreus asianus (Kuroda, 1942)Pocket Guluo
Gemmula congener subsp. diomedea Powell, 1964Vicimitra triplicata (v. Martens, 1904)
Thais mutabilis (Link, 1806)Conus striatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Fine Bone carving snailXidian Reelpipe snail
Pinguigemmula thielei (Finlay, 1930)Issue Guluo
Afer cumingii (Reeve, 1844)Vicimitra inquinata (Reeve, 1844)
Mancinella aculeata (Deshayes, 1844)Purpura persica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Mancinella bufo (Lamarck, 1822)Turricula javana (Linnaeus, 1758)
Marginella bernardi Largilliert, 1845Bolma modesta (Reeve, 1843)
Bathytoma atractoides (Watson, 1881)Teramachia johnsoni subsp. (williamsorum Rehder, 1972)
Fulgoraria rupestris (Gmelin, 1791)Conus geographus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Brachytoma kurodai (Habe & Kosuge, 1966)Siliquaria cumingi (Moerch, 1860)
Conus vexillum (Gmelin, 1791)Pilieguluo
Strigatella impressa (Anton, 1839)Meishichang echinus
Conus catus (Hwass, 1792)Annulaturris annulata (Reeve, 1843)
Nebularia rosacea (Reeve, 1844)Purpura panama (Roeding, 1798)
Conus balteatus (Sowerby I, 1833)Bufonaria margaritula (Dshayes, 1832)
arris Tenguella granulata (Duclos, 1924)Cochlespira pagoda (Sysoev & Kantor, 1990)
Conus quercinus Lightfoot, 1786Ziba cloveri (Cerohorsky, 1972)
Strigatella acuminata (Swainson, 1824)Mancinella mancinella (Linnaeus, 1758)
Gemmula congener subsp. cosmoi (Sykes, 1930)Phalium bandatum (Perry, 1811)
Mancinella echinulata (Lamarck, 1818)Tenguella granulata (Duclos, 1924)
Conus generalis Linnaeus, 1767Conus pseudorbignyi Rockel & Lan, 1981
Habromorula spinosa (Adams & Adams, 1853)Comitas kirai (Powell, 1969)
Strigatella litterata (Lamarck, 1811)Turricula nelliae subsp. spurius (Hedley, 1922)
Cancilla isabella (Swainson, 1831)Chicoreus cnissodus (Euthyme, 1889)
Lophiotoma leucotropis (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)Mancinella siro (Kuroda, 1931)
Bai township YongbiluoHarpa articularis (Lamarck, 1822)
Murex trapa (Roeding, 1798)Discotectonica acutissima (Sowerby III, 1914)
Conus betulinus (Linnaeus, 1758)Elaeocyma brycei (Wells, 1995)
Colubraria fautomei Garrard, 1961Heliacus stramineus (Gmelin, 1791)
Semisulcospira libertina (Gould, 1859)Conus capitaneus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Cronia fenestrata (Blainville, 1832)Scabrotrophon chunfui (Houart & Lan, 2001)
Nebularia ferruginea (Larmarck, 1811)Tiarella papalis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Nebularia hayashii (Kira, 1959)Thais armigera (Link, 1807)
Strigatella paupercula (Linnaeus, 1758)Gemmula deshayesi (Doumet, 1839)
Phaeomitra imperialis (Roeding, 1798)Fulgoraria pratasensis (Lan, 1997)
Daphnella nobilis (Kira, 1959)Cancellaria oblonga Sowerby, 1825
Bufonaria nobilis (Reeve, 1844)Conus aulicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Bursa granularis (Roeding, 1798)Thais clavigera (Kuster, 1860)
Murex ternispina (Lamarck, 1822)Black Cypraea onyx (Linnaeus, 1758)
Chicoreus brunneus (Link, 1807)Conus figulinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
grey Reelpipe snailConus coronatus (Gmelin, 1791)
Nebularia coronata (Lamarck, 1811)Conus sponsalis subsp. sponsalis (Hwass, 1792)
Conus praecellens A. Adams, 1854Entemnotrochus teramachii (Kuroda, 1955)
Pinguigemmula thielei subsp. philippinensis (Powell, 1964)Chlamys squamata (Gmelin, 1791)
Entemnotrochus salmiana (Rolle, 1899)Trigonostoma antiquata (Hinds, 1843)
Conus lividus (Hwass, 1792)Murex rectirostris subsp. sobrinus (A. Adams, 1863)
Strigatella zebra (Lamarck, 1811)Bufonaria crumena (Lamarck, 1816)
Nemocardium exasperatum (Sowerby, 1841)Cypraea arabica arabica (Linnaeus, 1758)
Meretrix lusoria (Roeding, 1798)Zeuxis olivaceus (Bruguiere, 1789)
Columbarium pagoda subsp. pagoda (Lesson, 1834)Granulifusus niponicus (E. A. Smith, 1879)
Violetta globosa (Swainson, 1823)Peristernia nassatula (Lamarck, 1822)
ConusLatirus craticulatus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Coralliophila neritoidea (Lamarck, 1816)Stilt Hua xian snail
Mipus eugeniae (Bernardi, 1853)Conus obscurus (Sowerby I, 1833)
Drupella cornus (Roeding, 1798)Conus pagodus (Kiener, 1845)
Conus biliosus (Roeding, 1798)Conus rattus (Hwass, 1792)
Conus virgo (Linnaeus, 1758)Straw (grass) mat Conotoxin
XiaoyishiluoSmall tuft of hair Banana snail
Strombus luhuanusPolinices didyma didyma
Strombus variabilisability to write Phoenix snail
Natica tabularisStrombus dentatus
Strombus labiatusGold lip Phoenix snail
Pterynotus alatus (Roeding, 1798)Pyrene testudinaria subsp. testudinaria (Link, 1806)
Fusiaphera macrospira (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)Sinum undulatum
landscape Oliva olivaStrombus gibberulus
Lambis crocata (Link, 1807)Sinum javanicum
Pupa snailHaustellum kiiensis (Kira, 1959)
Niotha conoidalis (Deshayes, 1832)Zeuxis hirasei (Kuroda & Habe, 1952)
Gyrineum gyrinum (Linnaeus, 1758)Spear-shaped whelk
Calpurnus verrucosus (Linnaeus, 1758)Purple mouth wing triton
Gyrineum perca (Perry, 1811)Spend Quail Lo
Hongxing Spine crown LoLunella granulata (Gmelin, 1791)
Jin Fu Phoenix snailHarpa major Roeding, 1798
Haustellum haustellum (Linnaeus, 1758)draught Mark Bao Lo
Lace Bone screwTutufa rubeta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Oliva hirasei (Kira, 1959)Triple Chung Lo
Oliva reticulata (Roeding, 1798)Siphonofusus lubrica (Dall, 1918)
Little Grey tritonChina whelk
Zeuxis castus (Gould, 1850)Clanculus denticulatus (Gray, 1827)
Aulacofusus insulapratasensis (Okutani & Lan, 1994)Nassarius sufflatus (Gould, 1860)
Tibia powisiNassa serta (Bruguiere, 1789)
Phalium areola (Linnaeus, 1758)Chlamys nobilis (Reeve, 1852)
Phalium muangmani (Raybaudi & Prati, 1995)Phalium bisulcatum subsp. bisulcatum (Schubert & Wagner, 1829)
Shine ManluoCypraea scurra (Gmelin, 1790)
Echinophoria wyvillei (Waston)Architectonica trochlearis (Hinds, 1844)
Casmaria erinaceus (Linnaeus, 1758)Phalium glaucum (Linneaus, 1758)
Phalium decussatum (Linnaeus, 1758)Conus chaldeus (Roeding, 1798)
Natica shoichiroiEnzinopsis lineata (Reeve, 1846)
Xiaobai Spiral frogCoralline snail
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