Dicotyledon of one subject. Most of the shrubs or trees, rarely herbs. Generally contain volatile oil, a fragrance. Spend more for the gender. Sepals and petals 45. Mainly in tropical and subtropical. Such as oranges, tangerine, orange, grapefruit, lemon, bergamot, pepper, rue and so on.
Translated by Google
No. 2
Rutaceae (rutaceae) angiosperm, a dicotyledon Gang Division. Evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs or climbing vines or herbaceous, usually containing volatile oil, leaves with transparent oil glands point, sometimes a thorn. Leaves alternate, a small number of students, single leaf, single compound (such as citrus) or pinnate; without stipules. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic (white is fresh). Inflorescence, a few into the total shape, spike, or a single flower; sepals 4 or 5; petals 4 to 5, free; stamens 4 or 5 or 8 to 10 majority; carpel carpel 4 to 5, separate or connate , or more carpels; a faceplate. Follicle fruit, capsule, samara, nuts or citrus fruits. Undergraduate 180 genera, 1300 ~ 1600 species, mainly in tropical and subtropical, temperate minority students. In 29 genera and 150 species, the main producing Southwest and South. Citrus (citrus), a single compound, to form a leathery skin of citrus fruit, orange (c.sinensis), also known as orange, oranges. Small tree, leaves alternate, leathery, single leaf, leaf blade elliptic, petiole with a joint, on both sides of a narrow wing, known as the arrow leaves. Citrus fruit spherical, orange peel, easy to peel. Originating in China, widely cultivated provinces south of the Yangtze, the famous sub-tropical fruit, peel medicine, seed oil about 30%. Citrus (c.reticulata), citrus fruit flat ball, 5 to 7 cm in diameter, orange, yellow or orange, peel loose, easy to peel. The provinces south of the Yangtze River in China, widely cultivated for the famous sub-tropical fruits; medicine called orange peel skin, rational gas phlegm, and the effect of the stomach; nucleolus and the leaves can blood Sanjie, swelling; seed oil can be soap, lubricants, etc. . Grapefruit (c.grandis) petiole broadly winged. Citrus fruit, diameter of 10 to 25 cm. Native of India, about 500 BC have been introduced into China, the famous varieties of Zhangzhou, Fujian and Guangxi Rong County Citrus Wendan You. Except for fruit, the roots, leaves and fruit used as medicine, there is digestion phlegm, qi Sanjie effect. Lemon (c.limonia), and Ming Limeng, citrus fruit round, 4.5 cm long, yellow or red, thin and easy peeling. Native to Asia. Cultivated in southern China. Very acid fruit, fresh fruit can be drinking sugar flushing, the Guangdong area to the core of its residue, said steamed lemon cake, food can be digestion appetizer. Another foreign Lemon (c.limon), and lemon similar, but the fruit oval, the same purpose and lemon. Kumquat and yellow fruit is the south. Zanthoxylum (zan-thoxylum), shrubs, pinnate, forming follicle fruit. Pepper (z.bungeanum), shrubs, pinnately compound leaves with 5 to 11 leaflets; follicle fruit spherical, purple-red, seeds black. Production all over the country, wild or cultivated. Fruit for flavoring, also for medicinal, with dampness and cold, insecticide efficacy; seeds oil extraction. Nitidum (z.nitidum), woody vine, leaf 3 to 11. Distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Yunnan and Taiwan. Roots, stems, leaves used as medicine, can Sanyu vibrant, Qufeng detoxification. Huang Bo is (phelloden-dron) of Huang Bo (p.amurense) for the deciduous trees, odd pinnate, opposite, the edge of a transparent leaflets glandular dots and form a stone. Distributed in Northeast China, North China. Korea, Japan, the former Soviet Pacific coast, too. Health forest. Wood for construction, aviation equipment, joinery timber, etc.; bark medicinal, including berberine, can heat purging fire, dampness detoxification; cork cork can do, endothelial do dye. Rutaceae rutaceae 1. Rutaceae subfamily rutoideae engl. 01. Zanthoxylum zanthoxylum linn. 02. Smelly Changshan is orixa thunb. 03. Evodia is evodia jr et g. forst. 04. Honey cornel is melicope jr et g. forst. 05. Shek pepper grass is boenninghausenia reichb. Ex meisn. 06. Intended to rue an haplophyllum a. juss. 07. Rutin is ruta linn. 08. Naked rue is psilopeganum hemsl. 09. Dictamnus is dictamnus linn. 2. Giant disk of wood subfamily flindersioideae engl. 10. Giant disk of wood is flindersia r. br. 3. Toddalia asiatica subfamily toddalioideae engl. 11. Toddalia asiatica is toddalia a. juss. 12. Huang Bo is phellodendron rupr. 13. Yu citrus (orange genus Ulmus) ptelea linn. 14. Shan Yau Kom is acronychia jr et g. forst. 15. Xiangrou fruit is casimiroa la llave 16. Yan Colocasia skimmia thunb. 4. Citrus subfamily aurantioideae engl. 17. Xiaoyun wood is micromelum bl. 18. Shan Xiao Ju is a (small mountain orange is) glycosmis correa 19. Clausena is clausena burm. F. 20. Paniculata is murraya koenig ex linn. 21. Trefoil cane citrus (orange vine clover genus) luvunga (roxb.) buch.-ham. Ex wight et arn. 22. Single-leaf vine citrus (orange is a single leaf vine) paramignya wight 23. Wine cake Le is atalantia correa 24. Poncirus poncirus raf. 25. Kumquat is (kumquat is) fortunella swingle 26. Citrus (Citrus) citrus linn. 27. Wooden citrus aegle correa 28. Like citrus feronia correa
Translated by Google
Overview
Rutaceae (Rutaceae) is the angiosperm, Dicotyledon, the purpose of a section with no son. The Section 180 genera and 1300 1600 species, distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical, temperate minority students. China has 29 genera, 150 species, both north and south, southwest and South Main. Mountain Ephedra and Poncirus endemic to China.
Translated by Google
Morphology
Evergreen or deciduous trees, shrubs or climbing vines or herbaceous, usually containing volatile oil, leaves with transparent oil glands point, plants usually have orange oil cells or secretory cavities. Sometimes a thorn. Leaves alternate, a small number of students, single leaf, single compound (such as citrus) or pinnate; without stipules. Flowers bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic, rarely zygomorphic (white is fresh). Inflorescence, a few into the total shape, spike, or a single flower; sepals 4 or 5; petals 4 to 5, free; stamens 4 or 5 or 8 to 10 majority; carpel carpel 4 to 5, separate or connate , or more carpels; ovary superior, thin does not increase the stigma. A face plate. Follicle fruit, capsule, samara, nuts or citrus fruits. Seeds usually endosperm. Pollen grains are usually 3 to 6 channel with holes, nearly prolate to nearly spherical, the long axis of 16 to 100 microns. Chromosome number x = 9 ~ 13.
Translated by Google
Main species
1 grapefruit, citrus (Citrus): a single compound leaves of citrus plants, to form a leathery skin of citrus fruit, Orange (C.sinensis), also known as orange, oranges. Small tree, leaves alternate, leathery, single leaf, leaf blade elliptic, petiole with a joint, on both sides of a narrow wing, known as the arrow leaves. Citrus fruit spherical, orange peel, easy to peel. Originating in China, widely cultivated provinces south of the Yangtze, the famous sub-tropical fruit, peel medicine, seed oil about 30%. Citrus (C.reticulata), citrus fruit flat ball, 5 to 7 cm in diameter, orange, yellow or orange, peel loose, easy to peel. The provinces south of the Yangtze River in China, widely cultivated for the famous sub-tropical fruits; medicine called orange peel skin, rational gas phlegm, and the effect of the stomach; nucleolus and the leaves can blood Sanjie, swelling; seed oil can be soap, lubricants, etc. . Lemon Grapefruit (C.grandis) petiole broadly winged. Citrus fruit, diameter of 10 to 25 cm. Native of India, about 500 BC have been introduced into China, the famous varieties of Zhangzhou, Fujian and Guangxi Rong County Citrus Wendan You. Except for fruit, the roots, leaves and fruit used as medicine, there is digestion phlegm, qi Sanjie effect. Lemon (C.limonia), and Ming Limeng, citrus fruit round, 4.5 cm long, yellow or red, thin and easy peeling. Native to Asia. Cultivated in southern China. Very acid fruit, fresh fruit can be drinking sugar flushing, the Guangdong area to the core of its residue, said steamed lemon cake, food can be digestion appetizer. Another foreign lemon (also known as Li Meng) (C.limon), and lemon similar, but the fruit oval, the same purpose and lemon. 2, Zanthoxylum (Zanthoxylum): pepper plants as shrubs, pinnate, forming follicle fruit. About 40 species in China. In 2 subgenera: pepper ① subgenus pepper, flower without petals, carpel and the style clearly separated. Common species of subgenus pepper, such as pepper (Z.bungeanum), shrubs, pinnate, with 5 to 11 leaflets; follicle fruit spherical, purple-red, seeds black. Widely distributed in most provinces in the country, wild or cultivated. Fruit for flavoring, also for medicinal, with dampness and cold, insecticide efficacy; seeds oil extraction. Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Sichuan produced collectively Chuanjiao or red peppers, also known as Da Hong Pao, ruddy skin, oil spots large and prominent, thick aroma and spicy flavor. Can be used for food seasoning. 7 August harvest, said V Law, 9 ~ 10 months to take the fall, said Law. The former over the latter. Pepper is an aromatic preservatives. China's Yellow River to the north of prickly ash found in the tomb for the burial fill material. In addition, it is traditional Chinese medicine, there is air temperature Bank of China, by cold, pain, deworming and other effects. The root is also used as a skin anesthetic. The pale yellow wood, exposed to the air after the darker the color, no significant difference between heartwood and sapwood, xylem structure, meticulous, Radial section glossy, texture medium, large build with art value, peel contains volatile oil, the main components are: pepper oil ene, phellandrene, geraniol and so on. Celandine root bark with alkali (chelerythrine) and other alkaloids. Seed oil content of 20 to 30%, are of the oil. Pepper both sides of needle deciduous trees, of cold, drought, barren soil-resistant, hi sunshine, appropriate climate in the north was born, the first leaves in late spring after the flowers, breeding usually seeds. Similar to the common and pepper all over the south of the Yangtze are still bamboo pepper. ② nitidum subgenus, flower petal, carpel and style close together. Nitidum loose or cling subgenus of sub-shrubs and erect Joe, shrub categories. Among the former, such as nitidum (Z.nitidum), woody vine, leaf 3 to 11. Production in the southern Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Hunan, Yunnan and Taiwan provinces. If those of large diameter and 7 mm, oil point vaguely, not processes. Roots, stems, leaves used as medicine, its roots within the cortex tissue of sulfur silty color, taste very bitter and spicy, with other alkaloids nitidine. Chinese herbal medicine used as analgesics, partial paralysis of nerve endings used, there is blood stasis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy of detoxification. And have anti-cancer effect. 4, Hill ephedra: ephedra mountain endemic to China, one species of mountains on both sides of ephedra products in the Three Gorges. Whole plant aromatic oil. Is an important raw ingredients plants. 5, Poncirus: Poncirus as single species unique to China. Trifoliate orange, also known as Juju. Widespread in the Huaihe River, north of Five Ridges, is a 3 leaf, fruit is short-haired (and there are a few hairless breeds) deciduous shrub trifoliate orange (and there are no leaves in winter). Chromosome number and the vast majority of citrus is the same subfamily, are x = 9. It kumquat citrus genus and species, or 3 2 is a cross between the fertile hybrids. It said the hybrid offspring with the orange trifoliate orange, and kumquat are (kumquat or kumquat) hybrid offspring called trifoliate orange orange. Trifoliate orange subfamily is the most hardy species of deciduous habit to spend the cold winter season, open-air plant in Qingdao. Trifoliate orange as a rootstock, dwarfing plants can, because of its deep root system and root, so the drought and strong. Citrus aurantium is a Chinese medicine for its young fruit, not seeds, sliced or whole dried from, take the whole system of tender fruit, also known as orange dry tires. Citrus aurantium fruit is a large mining to scoop the seeds and some meat, sliced dried together. Poncirus trifoliate orange fruit and leaves contain glycosides (Poncitrin), hesperidin (hesperidin) and other flavonoid glycosides, but also within the base with l-West (synephrine) (l-synephrine), Yan line base (skimmianine), etc. alkaloids and other compounds. 7, White is fresh: fresh white is about 5 species, 1 species of fresh white made in China. Found in the Yangtze River north of the country. Smell the smell of mutton sheep whole plant, perennial herb, flower bilaterally symmetrical, follicle-like fruit awned tip angle. The root bark for medicine, said the fresh white skin, there is to rheumatism, insect repellent, anti-itching effect. Master with dictamnine (dictamnine), trigonelline (trigon-elline), choline (choline) and fresh white skin lactone (dictamnolactone), Huang Bo lactone (obakulactone) and other bitter substances. 9, dragon blood is a palm: palm dragon blood is blood in China, dragon palm and 1 species widely distributed in latitude 30 degrees south of the country. With 3 leaflets cling to shrubs, with sharp spines, flowers single, small stone fruit sweet and slightly spicy, a small drug. Root as herbal medicine, bitter and spicy, folk medicine for bruises, swelling and pain have effect. In recent years, Europe is located at latitude 35 ° ~ 55 ° between the strata in the Tertiary fossils of its seeds. 10, Yan Colocasia: Yan Colocasia about 5 species in eastern and southeastern Asia production. About 4 in China, production south of the Yangtze. Yin lines are more commonly born in the small mountain shrub understory, nuclear pulp quality, red, a small drug. 11, yellow is: Yellow is about 30 species. China, about 10 species, yellow for the cultivation of small evergreen tree, pinnate, dark yellow berries, is hair, Pickle or sweet, more varieties for late summer fruit. 12 paniculata is: paniculata are about 11 species. China has 8 species found in approximately 26 ° south latitude. The genus contains a variety of small hills with yellow and orange are similar alkaloids are contained. Which carbazole alkaloids (carbazcle) for the other genera are rare. Also contains more coumarin and aromatic volatile oil. Are common paniculata, not far from the coast originally wild species, occasionally in the dry heat of the Miss Taiwan area, this multi-plant or bonsai plants for hedges, flowers white. Aromatic, red berry, the seed coat a fiber hair. Trinidad incense leaves large, apex acuminate or mucronate. More common in the inland hills and mountains. The root bark and stem as herbs. Good local anesthetic used as analgesics. 13, alcohol is a cake Le: Le cake wine is about 17 species. About 7 species in China, producing about 24 ° south latitude. Common, such as wine, cakes Le, also known as east orange, was born in the plains or low hills, bushes, branches and more fresh straight sharp spines, fruit small, round, blue-black, deep roots, wind, drought, salt alkali, anti-nematode. For rootstocks and snow orange citrus, plant was dwarf, but the xylem radial growth rate slower than the scion to form a graft union between the upper and lower parts of the phenomenon of uneven thickness, gardening is also used as a bonsai material. 15, the other species: Rutaceae subfamily (Rutoideae Engl.): Rue subfamily include not Zanthoxylum (Zanthoxylum Linn.), Evodia is Evodia JR et G. Forst.), And rue is (Ruta Linn.), Fresh white is (Dictamnus Linn.) Other than also includes foul Changshan is (Orixa Thunb), honey cornel is (Melicope JR et G. Forst.), Stone Law Genus (Boenninghausenia Reichb. ex Meisn.), is to be rutin (Haplophyllum A. Juss.), rue nude is (Psilopeganum Hemsl.) and so on. Giant disk of wood subfamily (Flindersioideae Engl.): Include giant giant disk of wood plate wood subfamily is (Flindersia R. Br.) And so on. Blood dragon palm subfamily (Toddalioideae Engl.): Dragon palm subfamily except the blood, including Huang Bo is (Phellodendron Rupr.), Palm dragon blood is (Toddalia A. Juss.), Yan Colocasia (Skimmia Thunb.) Other than also includes Yu citrus (Ptelea Linn.), Shan Yau Kom is (Acronychia JR et G. Forst.), Xiangrou fruit is (Casimiroa La Llave) and so on. Citrus subfamily (Aurantioideae Engl.): In addition to citrus subfamily, including citrus (Citrus Linn.), Yellow is (Clausena Burm. F.), Murraya genus (Murraya Koenig ex Linn.), Wine, cakes Le is (Atalantia Correa), Poncirus (Poncirus Raf.), is a kumquat (Fortunella Swingle), also includes Xiaoyun wood is (Micromelum Bl.), Shan Xiao Ju is (Glycosmis Correa), clover vine citrus [Luvunga (Roxb .) Buch.-Ham. ex Wight et Arn.], single-leaf vine citrus (Paramignya Wight), citrus trees (Aegle Correa), such as citrus (Feronia Correa) and so on.
Translated by Google
Economic value
The more plants with economic value. Species are mostly made in China, folk medicine, a small number of Chinese Herbal Medicine. South American origin contained pilocarpine pilocarpine effective drug for the treatment of glaucoma. Origin of the giant disk of wood Malacca (Fujian has introduced) is a good timber furniture. Evodia is a certain species are fast-growing species. Citrus and kumquat is the most types of fruit is good fruit. The volatile oil containing plants in general, but also often combined with sugar containing flavonoids and about 200 kinds of coumarin, and many of them with the same Umbelliferae. Mainly furan compounds are heterocyclic coumarin parallel, a number of genera and species but also with other Kehan category to see a bitter lemon hormone (limonoid). In addition, the Section 300 kinds of plants so far known to contain alkaloids, of which nearly half of the plants are endemic. Alkaloids contained in the domestic species are mainly isoquinoline (isoquinoline), furan parallel quinoline (furanoquinoline) and acridine ketones (acridone), mainly used in medicine.
Translated by Google
Encyclopedia
yunxiang ke Rutaceae Rutaceae Dicotyledon rose a larger subclass Division. Ephedra is a Chinese endemic mountain, single species of mountain ephedra (Ephedra Hill Figure 1) produced on both sides of the Yangtze River Three Gorges. Whole plant aromatic oil. Is an important raw ingredients plants. Poncirus single species unique to China. Trifoliate orange (Fig. 2 trifoliate), also known as Juju. Widespread in the Huaihe River, north of Five Ridges, is a 3 leaf, fruit is short-haired (and there are a few hairless breeds) of deciduous shrubs (no leaves in winter also.) Chromosome number and the vast majority of citrus is the same subfamily, are □ = 9. It kumquat citrus genus and species, or 3 2 is a cross between the fertile hybrids. It said the hybrid offspring with the orange trifoliate orange, and kumquat are (kumquat or kumquat) hybrid offspring called trifoliate orange orange. Trifoliate orange subfamily is the most hardy species of deciduous habit to spend the cold winter season, open-air plant in Qingdao. Trifoliate orange as a rootstock, dwarfing plants can, because of its deep root system and root, so the drought and strong. Citrus aurantium is a Chinese medicine for its young fruit, not seeds, sliced or whole dried from, take the whole system of tender fruit, also known as orange dry tires. Citrus aurantium fruit is a large mining to scoop the seeds and some meat, sliced dried together. Poncirus trifoliate orange fruit and leaves contain glycosides (poncitrin), hesperidin (hesperidin) and other flavonoid glycosides, but also within the base with l-West (synephrine) (l-synephrine), Yan line base (skimmianine), etc. alkaloids and other compounds. Chinese prickly ash are about 40 species. In 2 subgenera: ① subgenus pepper, flower without petals, carpel and the style clearly separated; ② nitidum subgenus, flower petal, carpel and style close together. Common species of subgenus pepper pepper widely distributed in the country as the majority of provinces. Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Sichuan produced collectively Chuanjiao or red peppers, also known as Da Hong Pao, ruddy skin, oil spots large and prominent, thick aroma and spicy flavor. Can be used for food seasoning. 7 August harvest, said V Law, 9 ~ 10 months to take the fall, said Law. The former over the latter. Pepper is an aromatic preservatives. China's Yellow River to the north of prickly ash found in the tomb for the burial fill material. In addition, it is traditional Chinese medicine, there is air temperature Bank of China, by cold, pain, deworming and other effects. The root is also used as a skin anesthetic. The pale yellow wood, exposed to the air after the darker the color, no significant difference between heartwood and sapwood, xylem structure, meticulous, Radial section glossy, texture medium, large build with art value, peel contains volatile oil, the main components are: pepper oil ene, phellandrene, geraniol and so on. Celandine root bark with alkali (chelerythrine) and other alkaloids. Seed oil content of 20 to 30%, the dry oil. Pepper is a deciduous tree species, of cold, drought, barren soil-resistant, hi sunshine, appropriate climate in the north was born, the first leaves in late spring after the flowers, breeding usually seeds. Similar to the common and pepper
Rutoideae Engl.