In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang completion of ancient China's reunification and the establishment of a unified China's first dynasty. "Qin swept Luhe, Hu Shi Ho Yuya!" Zhao Zheng Qin capital Xianyang, prefectures and counties dynasty in China's first emperor. North hit it early Li Qin Dynasty Huns; south Baiyue. Territory rapid expansion and further improve Glory maps, but because Emperor Qin and finished, so do not be able to recover the northern nomadic unity. However, it was the western frontier has been reached today Gansu, Sichuan; west to Yunnan, Guangxi; north to Yin. As a unified dynasty, in the majority of the members of the ruling regional convergence, the creation of a highly centralized political system centralized. Specifically: a political aspect: the establishment of the supreme imperial power. Supreme emperor has the right, where all the administrative power, military, economic, etc., by the emperor dominate; established from central to local Bureaucracy and administrative institutions that Excellencies Jiuqing system. Excellencies were the prime minister (to help deal with the country's political affairs emperor), Qiu (responsible for managing the military), royal doctor (the ministers in charge of the memorial, the emperor issued a call to make, manage and monitor the affairs of the country), the system is no relationship to each other, by the emperor master the final decision right. Local implementation of prefectures and counties, the county's main official royal appointment and removal; 2, the economic aspects: the introduction of private ownership of land by acres of tax; uniform weights and measures, common currency; unified rail car repair Chi Road. 3, and cultural aspects: the book with the text, the text will Xiaozhuan as standard; "burning poetry" to strengthen ideological control; Officials as Teachers, prohibited private school. Qin hit a centralized state political system in the history of Chinese society in the future, only tinkering, the basic framework intact. In order to consolidate his rule, the emperor ordered the confiscated weapons to destroy the original six countries, then cast 12 bronze. In order to strengthen control, the nobility of the original six countries were forcibly moved to live near Xianyang. Qin also enacted harsh laws, the implementation of even the preparation of five farmers. Single currency, uniform weights and measures, unified text, great impact for future generations. He accepted the idea of the prime minister Li Si, except for a few books, a lot of poetry and literature, books, philosophers writing all burned and buried alive more than 460 alchemist, left a horrifying "burn pit" of history events. Qin Shi Huang is also the country building roads, especially the opening of the gateway to the east and southeast of Chi Road. Terracotta since "Emperor" when the world is bent so that future generations Qin extend endlessly, but he never did not think that just 15 years later, it reached the second emperor of the Qin Dynasty perished. Although he has taken various measures to consolidate his rule, but his autocratic, exacting, had planted the seeds. He made more than 70 million levy to build Fanggong, spend a lot of human and financial resources to build Li hills, "cried Mengjiangnv Great Wall" is the story of his brutal liturgical complaint. Frequent wars, huge bureaucracy, continuous massive construction projects, has shaken the rule base, the people overwhelmed, painful to the extreme. 209 years ago Chen Sheng Wu Guang peasant uprising broke out, about 207 years ago in November, the Qin Dynasty was overthrown. Qin was developed by the late Warring States Period Qin unified dynasty in Chinese history is a unified, centralized multi-ethnic country. Qin Shi Huang Qin Guojun Wang eroded in other ancient vassal state basis, complete reunification, realized from the feudal system of prefectures and counties to change. He established a centralized system, and the measures taken to consolidate unity, emperors accessible for future generations. Qin emergency levy oppressive, leading to speed death. Dynasty Chen Sheng and Wu Guang-led peasant uprising, was the first peasant uprising in Chinese history, far-reaching effects. Due to the effects of past separations caused by Fan Qin during the re-emergence of a tendency to split. In the fight for the right to rule the ensuing battle between Chu and Han (206 BC - 202 years before), and Hamilton Sundstrand Chu defeated, so splitting the situation under control, the unification of the country. Following the Qin dynasty and a centralized so established. Terracotta (Followed by a description is omitted here) Qin Dynasty (230 BC - 207 BC, 209 years before the reign of the time - 207 years ago), also known as Emperor II, surnamed Zhao, name Hu Hai. Qin Shi Huang eighteenth son, the eldest son of Emperor Buso's brother, is a sheep. Qin Shihuang died en route when traveling south in Gao and Li Si's help, killed his brother Buso II became emperor of the Qin Dynasty.
Translated by Google
Sources of the country
Qin was China (Han) is a family westward. Monarchs win their surname Zhao (According to the "Historical Records" record, Qin, Zhao royal family with out a progenitor, "the first to win surnamed Qin, subsequently packet to the country as its first Cepheid's ... Qin Feng Zhao City, Zhao s.) Qin ancestors of sages primary nebula, the ancient tribal leaders, Shun surname "win." To late summer, when the fee Chang Xia Jie, the last summer owned providers, as Shang Yu, defeated Jie Ming strip in subsequent generations assistant surnamed Shang win. It contains the history of the surname win more than obvious. To the business end, Feilian evil to begin with material force paternity Zhou and his son, the King Wu of Zhou hair, trader military defeat, King Wu pro shot to the mouth of the wicked to vent their anger, Feilian Ben Fok Tai Shan, win surname in decline. Zhizhou Mu, the sovereign King Zhou Yu Cepheid is chaos, Trinidad pacification of Xu, Zhao closures in the city, which is the clan of Zhao (Note: pre-Qin era, "surname" but said the source, mostly for ritual use, for women title, "s" indicates that family branch, for men appellation), and Sheng win last name, so "Zhao" is also synonymous with one of the Qin (according to Sima Qian's explanation for the win surnamed Zhao Qin, Qin Shi Huang's "Zhao" that way, the so-called "Zhao was born, and for the Zhao" belongs to future generations misinformation). Cepheid grandniece non-child is active Zhouxiao Wang Wrangler, Zhouxiao Wang gave him a small piece of land - Qin (Qin Ting Longxi County water today, one that Qinzhou Clearwater Valley name), let it continue to win surname worship. Later, he delivered Zhou Qin Xianggong active, has been called princes, Qin Shi Huang unified, founded "Qin" North Korea.
Translated by Google
秦灭六国年表
Qin G 24 years (223 years), Chu morale and lax, forage, and then withdraw its troops from the front lines. WANG Jian took the opportunity to chase and destroy Chu main, occupation Chu Dushou spring captives Chu negative Chu, the people of Chu Fu-Li Changping Wang. WANG Jian and his troops crossed the Yangtze River, the pacification of Jiangnan _set_ Huiji, Chu death.
Translated by Google
专制主义中央集权制度的建立
Qin G 24 years (223 years), WANG Jian rate Qin army destroy Chu, continue southward advance, won the part of the Vietnamese people of the land, _set_ Hueiji County (now Jiangsu Suzhou). 26 years Sui Fat Death, Wei Tu, Qin Shi Huang sent five hundred thousand, divided into five military offensive Tan City (Hunan Jing County) (now jiuyi (now Hunan Ningyuan Nan), Panyu (now Guangzhou), Minamino Jiangxi South Kang Habitat), Yugan (now Jiangxi the Yugan environment) were three puzzled armor, no relaxation crossbow uphill battle. The Qin were defeated resistance of Minyue, its _set_ Minzhong County (now Fujian Fuzhou). Qin, attack South Vietnam also occupied Panyu. Only the West line of the Qin army encountered stubborn resistance of the West Ou. In order to solve the difficulties of the Qin army turn rates, supervisor Lu rate and death to dug Lingqu (Xing'an), communication traffic in the Yangtze River and the Pearl River system in the Xiang River, Li River water. West Ou Jun translation Calls the Song and the Qin army commander Wei Tu Sui succession killed in the battle of the Qin army and West Ou. Thirty-three years, Qin Shi Huang Banished to hair the within county had fled the people, uxorilocal, businessman reinforcements, the conquest of the West Ou build Nanhai County (now Guangzhou) West Ou old haunt in South Vietnam, and its adjacent areas, such as County (now Guangxi the Chongzuo environment) and Guilin County (now Guiping), and continue to levy made people go to garrison. In this way, hundreds of thousands of northern farmers stay there and the more people living together and the joint development of the Pearl River Basin.
Translated by Google
秦朝的政区
II. The early years of the Republic, _set_ up a 36-gun. Subsequently the South and the Five Ridges south of South Vietnam, home Guilin like a gun in the South China Sea, the North take nine of the original county land home south of Yinshan. Began within the county: the East China Sea Changshan economic North Jiaodong Hanoi Hengshan etc..
Translated by Google
Qin Dynasty
Emperor Qin Hu Hai ascended the throne in 210 BC. He further aggravated the exploitation and oppression of the peasants, "the Tax Man deep by Ming officials" in order to "kill all who is loyal." He made the farmers pay increase Shu Su Mira, owned food, transshipment to Xianyang, for officials, military dogs that need a horse beasts. He continued to build Fanggong, continue to send people away garrison. Lord levy made the object of further expansion, the plight of farmers in the extreme, large-scale peasant uprising has reached explosive proportions. Fan Qin farmers brewing time, lurking in the six countries are waiting for their remnants of the old aristocracy separatist activities. Emperor thirty-six years (211 years ago), ita a "land of Emperor died," the inscriptions, this is a sign of separatist activities. Chen Sheng and Wu Guang-led peasant war Emperor Qin Dynasty (209 years ago) in July, a team marched Yuyang (now Beijing Miyun) of 900 Lu left garrison soldiers, stuck in the rain Daze Township (now Anhui Su County), arrived at the fishing is not on track Yang Shu ground. Qin law "lost period when cut," garrison soldiers are faced with the threat of the death penalty. Thus, under the leadership of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, raised in rural China Daze first time in history a large-scale peasant uprising banner. Sheng, namely Chenshe, Yangcheng (now said to vary, in Henan province) who was born farm laborers; Wu Guang, Yang Xia (Henan Taikang), is also the farmers. They are garrison soldiers Tuen long. To launch the uprising, they write on silk, "Sheng Wang," the words, _set_ a fish, garrison soldiers buy fish book, biography of weird. Wu Guang again in the night at the station next to the Cong Temple in the bonfire for fox-ming, issued a "Great Chu Xing, Wang Sheng," the voice. Then, Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Wei Qin kill their escort, led the garrison soldiers, has been with the Prince in the name of the Qin son Buso and the late entries Chu Yan, Fan Qin called on farmers. Nearby farmers chop wood Jiegan have joined the uprising. Rebel forces were divided east, then west to attack the main force, even under this Yudong, Wanbei the sickle, one hundred families, bitter, Zhe, Qiao (now Anhui Su County respectively, Henan Yongcheng, Lu Yi, Zhe City, Anhui Bo County) Morogata. When they advanced to Chen (Henan Huaiyang), when a team is already in the tens of thousands of mammoth. Under the influence of the rebels, many county farmers kill Shouling response Sheng; especially in the old Chu border, and thousands of people who gather everywhere. Some hidden folk Six Nations old aristocracy, YOU Shi, scholars, also took the opportunity to go, with the status of the old, to make an impact in the peasant army. YOU Shi Zhang Er, remaining even persuade Chen Sheng sent "Li after the six countries," Sheng was rebuffed. Sheng himself as "Zhang Chu king," Qin defeated three-way attack: Wu Guang is "false king", West hit Ying Yang; Wu Chen Zhao north; Wei Gong Wei Zhou city land.吴广军 was blocked in Xingyang, West hit Qin Zhou Sheng deployed. Qian Cheng Zhou Wenjun soon developed into the car, hundreds of thousands died, arrived in off the play (now Shaanxi Lintong territory), close to Xianyang. Emperor Qin hurriedly hair repair Lishan mausoleum of sentences of imprisonment for the soldiers to fight less government Zhang Han army to defeat Zhou Wenjun. Wu Chen Zhao occupied the old capital city of Handan later, in Zhang Er, encourage self-reliance for the rest Zhao Chen, Sheng barely be recognized. Wu Chen Zhou disobedience do not save, but to send Han Yan to take a little wide. Han Guang Yan ground at the instigation of the nobility, but also himself as Yan. Week old Weinan City into the territory of the Ministry and the old together. Old Dan Tian Qi aristocracy himself as the king, the city counterattack week. Zhou City to stand in the old Wei Wei Wei blame for the king and nobility, since as Weicheng Xiang, and sent there to greet Wei Sheng blame. Old aristocratic forces are active, lax peasant uprising team. Sheng lack of experience, determined enough, seeing the formation of split situation. Sheng also appeared around the disunity of the phenomenon. Qin Zhang Han army defeats Zhou, Zhou suicide. Zhang Han and Dong Ying Yang force, Wu Guang Tian Zang Ministry will kill Wu Guang, engaged Zhang Han, a defeat death. Zhang Han into Chen, Sheng retreat to the city father (now Anhui Guoyang SE), was killed by a traitor Jia Zhuang Chen county fall. Lu Chen Sheng Department will lead a "soldier army" heroic engagement, recovering Chen County, executed Jia Zhuang. Fan Qin Sheng as a pioneer, leading the uprising failed only six months, but he was he provoked a wave of Fan Qin, Qin continued to impact rule (see Chen Sheng and Wu Guang Uprising). Battle of Chu and Han Sheng after the uprising, the old name Chu Xiang Liang Xiang Yan's son and nephew Xiang Yu Xiang Liang Wu (now Jiangsu Suzhou) kill Qin Hueiji Mayor, revolted response. Shortly Xiang Liang led eight thousand soldiers cross the river north, the team expanded to sixty-seven people, Lien Chan wins. No such nobility and shake Minyue also led the tribe, followed by Wu Rui Qin Fan Yang Fan Qin order. Liu Ting Zhang Pei part of the original sentences of imprisonment and exile Shanze also attacked Pei make uprising, classified Xiang Liang army. Li Xiang Liang grandson grandson of the king. Later, Xiang Liang died in dingtao defeated Qin Zhang Han demobilized Ge north, cross the river hit Zhao. In this case, instead of Penpower guarding the frontier king Shuofang from, but also the rate of force by the gun (this rule Yulin SE) East out, surrounded Zhang Er and Zhao break stationed Julu Town (now Hebei Pingxiang border). Song Yi Chu camp, rescue Zhao Xiang Yu, Liu Bangxi entry in the camp. Song Yi north to Anyang, stay not enter. Song Yi Xiang Yu killed, led his troops crossing Zhang, after heavy fighting, the siege of the solution Julu, pushed for the princes general. Later, Qin Zhang Han 23.1 million to him to surrender. Liu detour into the arms off, arriving near Xianyang. Then Emperor Qin Gao had been killed, following the legislature's infant son banished to the Emperor, said Qin, the Han Dynasty emperor October (207 BC) to Liu surrender. Liu captured Xianyang, perished. Liu Qin abolished vicious law, only a pledge: "The Killers death, wounding and Pirates punished for a crime," Qin won the support. After Liu Bang into Xianyang, Xiang Yu also immediately marched through customs, hung in the door, then enter Xianyang, wantonly plundering. He kings side by side in the de facto situation, self-reliance for the King of Western Chu, are Pengcheng. And adjust all so the king land re_set_tlement, according to their edge in its original, and put the envelope in his pro good for the king of countries. This side by side with eighteen Kingdom, subject to the King of Western Chu. This measure Xiang Yu the separatist situation worsened. Shortly Qi took the lead, princes melee broke out again. Xiang Yu was forced at the corner of Hanwang Basu Hanzhong Liu Bang, the first year in May, the Han emperor (206 BC), the opportunity to enter Guanzhong, Guan Feng Xiang Yu defeated the three kings. Then the leader of the East, Far attack Pengcheng, retreated between Ying Yang, Cheng Gao, and Xiang Yu stalemate. Liu Guanzhong consolidate the rear, and Xiang Yu Contact opposition forces, turn the tables. Han emperor five years (202 years ago) in December, and Han, Peng Yue and so will attack Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu defeated Gaixia (now Anhui Lingbi territory), retreated to Wujiang (now Anhui and county) committing suicide, only 31 years old . In the same year in February, dingtao become emperor Liu Bang (see Liu Han Gotti). Battle of Chu and Han peasant war by the late Qin directly evolved. Although victorious peasant war to overthrow the Qin Dynasty, but was once a peasant leader Liu Bang and Xiang Yu war, but had gradually transformed into feudal dominion of contenders. Liu Zhirenshanren, grasp this opportunity to finally defeat Xiang Yu, ascended the throne of the Western Han Dynasty unified. On the death of Qin Qin Zhao Zheng and swallow the world died - "world training" Destroy those six countries, six countries have non Qin also; family who Qin, Qin also, not the world also - "Metrical Fu" Kazuo obstruct and destroy temples, his death staff, who smiled for the world, why? Righteousness is not applied and offensive potential differences also. - "Qin" Zhao Zheng day and night Prisoners Daniel, censor crowns connected to counties, leaving increasingly complex JI, Shu Five Ridges to prepare for more, building repair the city to keep Hu, however treacherous initiation, thieves gregarious, the more annoying things more raw and chaotic - "Huai" Qin any criminal law unchanged, Death destroy Zhao - "Han" According bit south of Qin Xi, I ordered the system, the prestige clothing Shii, light weak flesh, which was re-alien, any criminal waste Road, no grace clan. Subsequently Wei Tuo Runan Yi, Chen She calls Zuse, nearly sex rebellion, both inside and outside the hair, Zhao carry no cooking fire - "Han"
Translated by Google
Qin lineage
1, Reaserches - 2 Zhuang - 3 Xianggong - 4 wengong - 5 rather public - 6 out of the public - 7 bukum - 8 German public - 9 Venerable - 10 into the public - 11 Mugong - 12, Kang male - 13 of the public - 14 Huan - 15 King male - 16 Duke Ai - 17 benefits the public - 18 Mourning Male (above, according to "Historical Chronology of twelve princes.") - 19 Li Gong - 20, manic male - 21 pregnant male - 22 Duke Ling - 23 Jane male - 24, benefits the public - 25 of the sub - 26 public offer - 27 duke - 28 King Wen Hui - 29 King Wu - 30 the king was - 31 Takafumi King - 32 Zhuangxiang - 33 Terracotta - 34, Hu Hai - 35 infant son Emperor: Qin Shi Huang Terracotta twenty-six thirty-seven 221 to 210 BC II: Terracotta thirty-seven (July) 210 ~ II three-year 207 BC Infant son: II year (August) 207 ~ II three years (October) 207 BC
Translated by Google
Qin army constituted
Qin's army is divided into three parts, namely the Imperial soldiers, counties soldiers, border soldiers. Imperial soldiers, due to different tasks, divided into three systems: Shiwei Guan doctor orders jurisdiction, including shellfish (money) election, any shade, special thanks medals produced biography, Zhonglang, etc., have salary, is mainly responsible for hall duty, From Emperor: Wei Wei Palace Guard soldiers governed by the county turns positive soldier serving act, called guards, main duty is guarding the palace; lieutenant into the jurisdiction of the Kyoto guards, members take turns serving in the history of the region being cast Death, The main duty is to defend the capital's security. Under special circumstances, the capital of a separate troops. County soldiers serving in turn means a year of military service in the local regular soldier. Governed by the county Wei Xian Wei. Peacetime training, and also responsible for local security, was transferred wartime expedition, which due to different geographical environment, but also into timber officer (infantry), Cleveland (Cavalry), House Boat with disabilities (navy) categories. Generally north and west of Northern Knights, Mountain foothills multi-media officer, who river and coastal multi-floor boat with disabilities. Some county officials both materials, there are knights. Border soldiers, referring Bianjun Knight, timber officer, Bianjun troops and edges Seppi died. Bianjun knight or material officer, military service is a positive local soldier. Troops are stationed focused mobile combat troops sent by the generals in command of the court, as Penpower has long led troops Tunyu gun. Amyl soldier turns serving counties including death and entropy are issued by officials, businessmen and farmers. In addition to serving as a guard dispersed, waiting Hope mission, but also to build a military repair works. Qin differentiate into infantry arms (including crossbow) cavalry and chariots water arms. Infantry officer said timber has lightly armed and reloading of the points, the former no armor, holding a bow, crossbow long-range weapons; latter with upper body armor, holding Ge, spear, halberd like long weapon. With a holding bow, crossbow soldiers who said driving is the main infantry. Chariots wheeled her story is still equipped with a single four-horse wooden car, three people per car, all the armor, Yuzhe center, soldier division 2 sides, holding a long spear class weapons. Cavalry rode said, with a short, executive bows and arrows, was riding the horse saddle, bareback kicking. Navy said the boat floor with disabilities, with a certain scale. Low pit mausoleum horses lineup showed a larger number of infantry, a major arms, the car is still an important combat forces soldiers, cavalry still in a subordinate position, bend the larger Chilean soldiers and speech content. Combat, car, ride, walk, drive big break mixed array, with the line.
Translated by Google
Social conditions
Very tight social organization Qin, Shang Yang established "even 伍连 sit" system prohibits father and his sons in the same room door, where the government of the people must be separated more than two male labor, independent series households, according to the military organization of the country while preparing them Limin, five home company, and ten Why, no unauthorized moved, mutual supervision, mutual prosecution, if revealed, ten even sit. Such harsh laws peasants firmly tied to the land, the state direct control of the country's workforce, to ensure that the tax revenues. After this extended to the state of Qin unified the country. Similar baojia hukou system and the period up to the ROC and the PRC authorities are still using.
Translated by Google
Qin penalties
Qin developed a lot of torture. According to historical records, the penalties have Bin (cut out to knee), cut off the feet (saws feet), Palace, list sweep, cut, decapitated, abandoned city, poking dead, dead pit, chisel Britain, pumping threats, wok cooking, Julie, razed three family and so on. Then the Central Plains region and more refined ancient virtue, society is clan structure form, does not have the rule of law rule. Han Fei Qin respect to rule of law, which resulted in a significant increase in people who commit crimes, torture faced roads, people complaining, this is the Qin Dynasty Another important reason can not be ignored intensified.
Translated by Google
官吏制度
Local Official
Translated by Google
Economic conditions
After Shang Yang, Qin on the overall economy into the "agriculture and war." That emphasis on agricultural production and foreign wars, foreign wars to support agricultural production in order to bestow medals Grand granted land. By both national laws specific guidance agricultural production. However, after a similar system does not seem to unify the country achieved remarkable results.
Translated by Google
Culture and Science
Emperor Qin engraved on bronze bulletin use Xiaozhuan Emperor Qin bronze engraved on the notice on the use Xiaozhuan generally believed that the Warring States period Qin cultural backwardness in Shandong six countries, the "Qin, tigers are" argument. Qin unified China, adopted a series of measures to consolidate its rule, including the famous "book with the text," written in the body of different countries to use the upcoming unified the Warring States period was later called Xiaozhuan, legend has it that the font is Qin Guocheng phase Lisi invention. 213 years ago, the Qin unification eight years, Dr. Prince division 齐人淳 in Vietnam at a court meeting on resumption Zhou feudal system, "no auxiliary brush, how to rescue Kazuya?" The prime minister Li Si opposition, and proposed measures: "...... the world dare to have possession of" Poetry "," book "were abandoned city. ancient non-family persons today. Officials See who know do not move with the same crime.'s order on the 30th does not burn, tattoos as Chengdan. are not who plant trees of medicine book of divination., if science (Act) [person] to officials as a teacher. " Qin Shi Huang adopted, ordered counties, county immediately ban all "Poetry", "book" and philosophers books, all burning within 30 days. Namely the "book burning." Chunyu more dissuade book burning, was killed. The following year, Fang Shi Lu et al Immortality born again can not, fear punishment and fled, another Fang Shiru students discuss affairs of state. Qin Shi Huang was furious and ordered the arrest 方士儒 born in Xianyang city, and later in the interrogation process, 方士儒 students each informant, a total of more than 460 people have been implicated, the emperor ordered more than 460 people this all the abusing. Namely "Kengru." After two Kengru event took place. "Burning of the Books" is the policy of stability and unity of the Qin Dynasty performed for state power, but also on the time a devastated Chinese culture. "Book burning" policy for heritage books at the time, leaving only the power required for the livelihood of the people as well as a large number of precious artifacts from the Qin regime unhelpful lost, hundreds of comments in the Spring and Autumn period was ruined; "Kengru "Policy is the first Chinese history is a record of state power for large-scale arrests of intellectuals (Confucian called" persecution "). But also with a view of the impact, "Burning of the Books" of culture is not great, mainly due to the following: The so-called burn books, aims to ban the "old days were" punishment for possession of books is not severe. The burning of books for private collections, Dr. official collections are not included, and there was folk "poetry", "book" is actually not much. And after defeating Xiang Yu Qin Fanggong filling the main fire into Xianyang Qin official collection of a large number of precious books were burned. Qin Qin II to death, time to really perform no more than a decade, will be much affected. "Burning of the Books" Why is it so famous, critical in future generations, "Domination of Confucianism" make Confucianism occupy a dominant position for nearly two thousand years since then China's national ideology. Lu Sheng who also alchemist, nor is it we usually refer to scholars. Of course, under the circumstances, there may be some scholars being implicated, but "Burning of the Books" is inaccurate, exaggerated ingredients inside. A lot of people have this as the emperor's charges, is not established. Like someone said above, the real destruction of Chinese culture played a burning books, not emperor, is that there is no brain Xiang Yu. Alchemist, at the time it is a pioneer of Taoism, those alchemy, Immortality this flow, these people are Confucians despise, but why Confucianism for these people to talk about things, that future generations of propaganda, in order to apply the ruling class.
Translated by Google
有关秦朝的经典
5. Qinshiming months Quatrain have originated Wang Changling "the Han qinshiming month off." Qinshiming Han Guan Long March failed also. However, the Dragon Fly, not teach Hu Ma degree Yinshan.
Translated by Google
香港电影《秦朝》
Duration: 60 episodes
Translated by Google
Qin Weights and Measures
Calculate the length of the apparatus called the degree of goods, measuring the amount of goods called volumetric apparatus to measure the severity of the appliance object called balance. Through a variety of weights and measures for repeated measurements Qin's calculations, that's a foot long 23.1 cm Qin, Qin promoted a 202 ml, equivalent to 250 grams of Qin pound today.
Translated by Google
简介
Due to the impact of past separations, Fan Qin process re-emergence of the separatist tendency. Compete for the right to rule the ensuing battle of the Chu and Han (206 to 202), Hamilton Sundstrand Chu defeated the separatist situation under control, unified country. Following after the Qin, a centralized dynasty thus established.
Translated by Google
版图疆域
Today the location of an Administrative Region of the serial number the Cornwall Zhisuo legacy of the Qin Dynasty history straight pipe northwest Gansu Zhongning of Xianyang this Shaanxi Xianyang East of Longxi County Didao today Lintao County, Gansu South the North County Yiqu today 4 Shujun Chengdu Chengdu, Sichuan 5 of Berkshire Hathaway jiangzhou today Chongqing 6 Hanzhong County Nanzheng now Shaanxi the Nanzheng East 7 Nelson, Changde City, Hunan, Hubei Jiangling 8 Gangneung today Dongting County the (formerly Qianzhong) Pro 沅 today West 9 the Nanyang gun Wan County, Henan Province today Nanyang City 10 Cangwu County (formerly known as Changsha County) 11 now Hunan Changsha City, Hunan County Huaiyang County (the Western Han mistaken for Chu County) Chen County today Huaiyang 12 Jiujiang County Shou County, Anhui Shouchun today 13 Sichuan county (the Western Han mistaken for Surabaya county) County relative to this northwest Anhui Su County 14 Xue County Lu County today, Shandong Qufu 15 Donghai county Tan County today, Shandong Tancheng southwest 16 Hueiji County of Wuxian today in Suzhou, Jiangsu 17 Handan County, Handan today Hebei Handan City, southwest 18 huge deer gun Kui deer today Hebei Ping Township Taiyuan, Shanxi, Taiyuan County Jinyang today southwest 20 the Party County eldest son now Shanxi eldest son County 21 the the Yanmen County good no now Shanxi the Zuoyun youyu Town 22 Daijun generation County now Hebei Wei County county cloud, cloud, southwest 23 today 24 northeast of Inner Mongolia Tuoketuo Hadong-gun Yasumura today Shanxi Xiaxian North the 25 ita Puyang Puyang, Henan southwest today 26 Dang the county Dang County today Dangshan County, Anhui 27 kamigori south southeast Fushi today Shaanxi Yulin 28 Triple Chuan the county Luo Yang today Henan Luoyang City Northeast 29 Yingchuan County Clan today Henan Yuzhou 30 Pro one-year-old field gun Linzi now Shandong Zibo City East 31 Langya County Tobu now Shandong Zhucheng 32 Yuyang County Yuyang today Beijing Miyun southwest 33, Ju Yang today, Valley County, the Huailai southeast 34 right Peking end of this,, Jixian today, Jixian 35 Guangyang County, Hebei, Beijing, 36 flooded, 37 flooded ita Xiangping today, positive music today Liaoning Jinzhou City West, West County Liaoyang City from 38 to nine, nine of the original, the original county today Baotou, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning southwest 39 Namhae Panyu today Guangdong Guangzhou 40 Guilin County Guilin today Guigang territory 41 42 Fuzhou, Fujian Minzhong County Minzhong today as the county Provisional dust today within Guangxi Chongzuo County
Translated by Google
政治制度
Qin Shi Huang not only to establish the rule of an autocratic centralization institutions and systems, but also uses the Warring States period Naturalists circulates five virtues, to defend the law system of the Qin Dynasty. The circulates Five Virtues say that each passage of the dynasty ruled the order of five German soil, wood, gold, fire, water and other, again and again. Qin was water ethics, water Deschamps black, Qin's dress banners and so on with black; the corresponding water Tak number six, so the Fu Chuan length, miter height of each six inches, the width of the rails six feet; Shui-teh The principal penalty kill, the political rule seeks to harsh, do not pay attention to the "grace" and "righteousness"; corresponding water-Tak, the calendar to Hai months, in October as the beginning of the year, and so on. Qin Shi Huang also determine the status of an emperor adapt the complex rituals Fengshan ceremony, timing activities. Qin Shi Huang modeled in Xianyang near Kanto Asian countries palace-style construction of many palaces and is magnificent Fanggong Wealthy Wei-shui south built. The Xianyang palace layout emulated in heaven Ziwei Palace, just like earth God's abode, a symbol of the unification of the world. Qin Shi Huang also Lishan pre-built mausoleum, the tomb of mercury to rivers, rivers and the sea, the machine indoctrination, with astronomical, the next with geography. Him to take these measures, and he adopted the name of the emperor, his earthly power with God in heaven powers equivalent to imperial power and mystery of the concept of indoctrination to the subjects. Imperial power and mysterious concept, is the ideological basis of the autocratic centralization system. Strengthening of imperial power and deification of the full implementation of the system of prefectures and counties, reflecting the authoritarian imperial power of the bureaucracy and the establishment of the system, complete and unified law, Emperor strengthening of military control, centralized system is despotism main content. Autocratic centralization system, under the conditions at the time to maintain the unity indispensable condition. But this political system shackles great people; and it is the role of the economic and cultural development into a blockade, more significantly in the late feudal society.
Translated by Google
External Relations
Qin Shi Huang the so Qianshou since real Tian, formally recognized the private ownership of land in the country. With this command, the landlord class not only be lawful possession of land and annexation of land farmers can use a variety of means. The land annexed farmers, farming had to see tax even five "harsh conditions Hao Tian of China's. The tragic life of farmers, oxen and horses of clothing to wear, eat the dog pig's food, often in violent Officials of torture, forced by fleeing the mountains, held riots. These cases illustrate the radical political tyranny intensified social conflicts, Qin Shi Huang in the complete reunification at the same time, also caused by the Qin dynasty overturning the conditions. The Western Han Jia Shan when it comes to the Qin Dynasty the "Qundao Manshan": Qin Shi Huang was still alive, his reign in the crash, although he himself does not know.
Translated by Google
科学技术
文化与科学
Figurines pit unearthed the weapons were not rusty, then have an effective anti-rust technology. Expert analysis, electron microprobe and laser technology The bronze weapons surface layer of chromium oxide layer, a phenomenon common in weapons This is not caused by accidental factors, but intends to carry out the treatment process formed, and thus play a good The rust role weapons bright as new, very sharp. The chromium oxidation technology is a state-of-the-art science and technology, chrome chrome and chemical chrome two sub-electronic. Electronic chrome with the modern industrial civilization, in Germany in 1937, the United States invented in 1950 and has obtained international patents; chemical chrome technology was created by the working people in China over 2,000 years ago, and this can not be said is a miracle in the history of metallurgy.
Translated by Google
Social conditions
Very tight social organization Qin, Shang Yang established "even 伍连 sit" system prohibits father and his sons in the same room door, where the government of the people must be separated more than two male labor, independent series households, according to the military organization of the country while preparing them Limin, five home company, and ten Why, no unauthorized moved, mutual supervision, mutual prosecution, if revealed, ten even sit. Such harsh laws peasants firmly tied to the land, the state direct control of the country's workforce, to ensure that the tax revenues. After this extended to the state of Qin unified the country. Similar baojia hukou system and the period up to the ROC and the PRC authorities are still using. Qin penalties Qin developed a lot of torture. According to historical records, the penalties have Bin (cut out to knee), cut off the feet (saws feet), Palace, list sweep, cut, decapitated, abandoned city, poking dead, dead pit, chisel Britain, pumping threats, wok cooking, Julie, razed three family and so on. Then the Central Plains region and more refined ancient virtue, society is clan structure form, does not have the rule of law rule. Han Fei Qin respect to rule of law, which resulted in a significant increase in people who commit crimes, torture faced roads, people complaining, this is the Qin Dynasty Another important reason can not be ignored intensified. Qin army constituted Qin's army is divided into three parts, namely the Imperial soldiers, counties soldiers, border soldiers. Imperial soldiers, due to different tasks, divided into three systems: Shiwei Guan doctor orders jurisdiction, including shellfish (money) election, any shade, special thanks medals produced biography, Zhonglang, etc., have salary, is mainly responsible for hall duty, From Emperor: Wei Wei Palace Guard soldiers governed by the county turns positive soldier serving act, called guards, main duty is guarding the palace; lieutenant into the jurisdiction of the Kyoto guards, members take turns serving in the history of the region being cast Death, The main duty is to defend the capital's security. Under special circumstances, the capital of a separate troops. County soldiers serving in turn means a year of military service in the local regular soldier. Governed by the county Wei Xian Wei. Peacetime training, and also responsible for local security, was transferred wartime expedition, which due to different geographical environment, but also into timber officer (infantry), Cleveland (Cavalry), House Boat with disabilities (navy) categories. Generally north and west of Northern Knights, Mountain foothills multi-media officer, who river and coastal multi-floor boat with disabilities. Some county officials both materials, there are knights. Border soldiers, referring Bianjun Knight, timber officer, Bianjun troops and edges Seppi died. Bianjun knight or material officer, military service is a positive local soldier. Troops are stationed focused mobile combat troops sent by the generals in command of the court, as Penpower has long led troops Tunyu gun. Amyl soldier turns serving counties including death and entropy are issued by officials, businessmen and farmers. In addition to serving as a guard dispersed, waiting Hope mission, but also to build a military repair works. Qin differentiate into infantry arms (including crossbow) cavalry and chariots water arms. Infantry officer said timber has lightly armed and reloading of the points, the former no armor, holding a bow, crossbow long-range weapons; latter with upper body armor, holding Ge, spear, halberd like long weapon. With a holding bow, crossbow soldiers who said driving is the main infantry. Chariots wheeled her story is still equipped with a single four-horse wooden car, three people per car, all the armor, Yuzhe center, soldier division 2 sides, holding a long spear class weapons. Cavalry rode said, with a short, executive bows and arrows, was riding the horse saddle, bareback kicking. Navy said the boat floor with disabilities, with a certain scale. Low pit mausoleum horses lineup showed a larger number of infantry, a major arms, the car is still an important combat forces soldiers, cavalry still in a subordinate position, bend the larger Chilean soldiers and speech content. Combat, car, ride, walk, drive big break mixed array, with the line.
Translated by Google
帝王世系
[Note]:
Translated by Google
有关秦朝的经典
1. Ages Emperor Qin Shi Huang Lasting one First Emperor Qin Shi Huang (BC 259 to 210 years), the first to complete the unification of China, the founding emperor of the Qin dynasty. Later known as the lasting one. Surnamed Zhao [5] [6] [7], the name of the government. Han, Qin Zhuangxiang, the son. The 13-year-old that throne, 22-year-old held in the ancient capital of Yong City Adult coronation ceremony formally ascended the throne from the pro-management affairs of state ", the 39-year-old completed the history of the great cause of the reunification of China, proclaimed himself emperor. In 247 BC, Qin Zhao Zheng ascended the throne, because the young royal government headed by the Queen Mother and the phase state Buwei and lustful Ai. Before 238 years (Qin Wangzheng nine years), the 22-year-old Qin G pro-management affairs of state, to get rid Lu, lustful et al. Reuse Lisi Weiliao from 230 BC to 221 years ago, has destroyed Han, Zhao, Wei , Chu, Yan and Qi six countries, the complete unified the country's great cause of the history of China's first unified, multi-ethnic, despotism centralized state - the Qin Dynasty. King of Qin Zhao Zheng self named "Emperor" Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, to their own credit than before. Life meritorious, and known as the "Emperor Wu of Han Han kings. 2. Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor of unified China and his tomb in Xi'an Chengdong 30 kilometers. In February 1974, local farmers in the east of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor 1.5 kilometers with real real horse size terracotta soldiers stumbled upon drilling wells. Since then, a buried underground military array of two thousand years, were exhumed, and the completion of the museum. Qin Terracotta Warriors pit Horses of Qin Shi Huang, composed of I, II, III pit and the Terracotta Army Pit. Earthenware funerary warriors and the Terracotta Warriors exhibition of a total of 8000, arranged in a matrix, spectacular momentum. Figurines the sub generals figurines, armor figurines, kneeling figurines, cavalry figurines, warriors, chariots figurines (horseman, soldier) armbrustschutzen figurines, horse figurines. Pit unearthed tens of thousands of combat weapons, the museum exhibited of Qin Shihuang large painted bronze chariots. Referred to as "the eighth wonder of the Qin Terracotta Warriors show the past glory of ancient Chang'an Chang'an He has become a portrayal of the Silk Road starting point. 3 on the Qin
an ancient style of calligraphy, adopted in the Qin Dynasty (221— 207B. C.)for the purpose of standardizing the script; Hsiao chuan— — the lesser seal style Chinese character
garment
refer
command
centralization
enthrone
feudal society
literati and officialdom in feudal china
politician
Chinese wall
construction
bc
monarch
empyrean
sicken
their
scope
associative compounds,one of the six categories of Chinese characters(六书)
Hou Health
profit
"Record of the Warring States", compiled in early Han Dynasty
Shaanxi opera