Western science fiction, a new genre of modern literature. It can not happen in the circumstances known to the world, but it is based on the origin of humans or some kind of idea of the universe, the scientific and technological fields (including the assumption of science and technology) is a fictional discovery. In the contemporary Western world, science fiction is one of the most popular of the popular literature, its impact and sales volume, second only to the adventure novels and detective novels. Science fiction is a kind of popular fiction, and in general different from the traditional novel, its specificity lies in the development of science and technology, it has a direct link, but it is an artistic creation, is not charged with the task of disseminating scientific knowledge. Writing the way from the fantasy perspective, it should belong to the scope of Romanticism. Some good, like good science fiction like the works of Romanticism, rooted in social reality, reflecting the social reality of the contradictions and problems. Some of the outstanding science fiction, often in the direction of scientific and technological development to provide a reference value of certain predictable. Sometimes, certain scientific discoveries yet to emerge, science fiction, it has been for vivid description, such as submarines, robots, astronauts and so on. Modern Western science fiction, involving many leading-edge research projects, of course, often specious pseudo-scientific. Therefore, the science fiction industry have often suffered contempt and accusations. Classification of science fiction 1. Soft science fiction Soft science fiction (English Soft Science Fiction, referred to as Soft SF) is focused on the plot and subject matter of philosophy, psychology, political science or sociology of science fiction tend to branch. Relative to the "hard science fiction", works of science and technology and the importance of physical laws has been reduced. Because it is often related to the subject matter is classified as a soft science or humanities, so it is called "soft" science fiction. 2. Hard science fiction In physics, chemistry, biology, astronomy and other natural science-based, to describe new technologies and new inventions to the impact of human society as a hard science-fiction works of science fiction (Hard SF) - no matter how innovative we now have understand, this is the original definition of hard science fiction A science fiction community has tried to re_set_ this definition: Hard science fiction is to promote scientific and technological or scientific conjecture plot Turning to the history of "hard science fiction", they also used another term Hardcore SF. Science-fiction world in accordance with the interpretation of the term and HardSF this different, it often refers to those who "followed the golden age of science fiction writing genres and repeat some of the themes of science fiction" - from the theme of restrictions in terms of hard science fiction with the similar, but from the "school style" on the practical point of view is limited to a narrative - that is, the definition of the re_set_ closer to this definition. History Topic in philosophy, the science fiction and ancient myths and legends of the human spirit has a similar basis, that explain the relationship between mankind and the universe, the fate of human society, the concern and speculation. Genealogy in literature, the Romantic literary tradition should be the first science fiction literary mother. Early science fiction often with a horror novel or a fantasy adventure novel traces. Youyi reasoning and science fiction novels and Gothic fiction is most closely related, many of the works of both these factors is difficult to strictly distinguish. Background Science fiction was born in the 19th century, the rise of industrial civilization in Europe specific cultural phenomena. Humanity in the 19th century, entered the scientific inventions and technological revolution driven era, all the attention to the fate of the literary theme, the performance will inevitably be the future of science and technology. And this performance, before the industrial revolution is impossible. The most important feature of science fiction is that it gives the "illusion" relying on science and technology can be realized in the future, most likely, and even some "science fiction" after many years, indeed become a reality in science. Therefore, some kind of science fiction ever to have a "prophetic." French, the Jules Verne science fiction first to be called "anticipation", or "forecast." This literary work is based on the credibility of science is a necessary condition, it should be said that this "science first" spirit is different from other science fiction fantasy genre lies. 19th century: the birth and start-up Generally believed that Mary Shelley introduced the first elements of the science fiction novels in the past. In 1818 she published "Frankenstein" by many critics and fans, "ratified" the world's first science fiction. (On this point there have always been controversial, some people think that science fiction novel do not have the basic spirit of science, science as just another kind of magic) Since then, the American poet Edgar Allan Poe have also published some works of fiction with a science fiction character. 19th century, early 20th century, two major European novelist appeared, the French and the British Jules Verne HG Wells. The latter said that his novel is "Scientific Romance" (Science of romantic fantasy.) From the work point of view, they are undoubtedly the founder of today's science fiction type. The general history of that science fiction, science fiction as a serious literary genre known, has been established, thanks to these two: "Haideliangmoli" "Bantam Classics," Journal of cover. The navigation was born in a family of French, initially was forced to put the livelihood of novels. Verne's works in the literary style inherits all the characteristics of adventure novels: the incredible personal risk, exotic (such as "Around the World in Eighty Days"), a mysterious figure (such as Captain Nemo) and so on. This long tradition of fantasy, such as his most famous work, "Haideliangmoli", the Nemo (Nemo) captain discovered the island of Atlantis sink into the Atlantic Ocean, this story first appeared in ancient Greek philosopher Plato book "Utopia." Jules Verne in the library encyclopedic knowledge learned from the already alarming, and his literary skills are also very skillful. 1885, to commemorate friends, great French writer Alexandre Dumas's death, his imitation of "Count of Monte Cristo," the revenge story structure, combined with 19th century people out of 60 Austrian rule in Hungary's autonomy movement background, quickly created a "Sang Randolph Count "(Mathias Sandorf). In a letter Verne Dumas said the letter, from the literary style of speaking, closer than they Dumas Jules Verne. See Jules Verne novel ability to control this literary genre. Jules Verne was a diligent writer, a large number of best-selling books have made him a rich man. His series of science fiction referred to as "strange Odyssey" series, shows readers the 19th century a "scientific miracle" of the ideal world a reality - and the 20th century, some of his science fiction really become a reality. Such as "Around the World in Eighty Days," man on the moon, large submarines. Science fiction in the history of the "father of science fiction" in the world presented to him, the value of science fiction, literary and spiritual enlightenment, the Jules Verne to its name. If Jules Verne science fiction opened the door, then drive straight English or Wales, Kaijiangtuotu, pointed out that future generations can continue to explore the science fiction writers of all roads. In the 20th century, several major science fiction topics, such as "time travel", "Alien", "anti-utopia", etc., are initiated by Wales. Bantam Classic edition of "Time Machine" cover. Between 1894 and 1895's "Time Machine", the first time the "time travel" concept. This requires not only proof in science, "fourth dimension" - the existence of time, Wales is more in the novel describes the destruction of Earth on the eve of the "802,701 years, the Morlocks of the era." Wales at the beginning of this groundbreaking novel, actually Bantam Classics edition of "Time Machine" cover was great lengths discussing the philosophy of science, in order to help readers overcome the possible psychological. "This" If a science and technology to achieved, then the future ... ... "the opening in itself, has become a classic example of science fiction. 1898, "World War" (The War of the Worlds) of aliens (the novel is ugly, "Mars"), the appearance of a direct description of the characteristics, which later became the American science fiction of the 20th century "Golden Age" a major feature. Wales in the works for the first time aware of aliens and the earth clash of civilizations between the possible: the war between the Star. This is a repeat itself vast "space", since in the history of science fiction, has been war between humans and aliens continue. 1901, "the first man on the moon" (also translated: the first human on the moon), a bold fantasy of a man by "gravity of the material can be cut off" the moon. Wales is not a desolate and lonely moon, but more like another planet. Close to the moon the social system of ants, with the highest wisdom of the "Moon King" limb atrophy, brain swelling was huge - although this image has changed, but the "big head" has become the stuff of science fiction has always been on the alien's "standard image. " Wales himself is a noted social activist. As the "sleeper," a book written in the preface, he criticized the capitalist system, has always held "capitalism will inevitably lead to disaster" political views. More than a hundred works, made him the western half of the 20th century, important social thinkers of the social system, moral and religious reforms have had significant impact. From this sense, the Prince of science fiction is also a "philosophical novel", his work always through the fantasy community, to insinuate the social and political. Works as a whole is full of the fate of human society take care of. It hit the core spirit of science fiction: "Science in the end, what brought to mankind?", "People want to pursue is how the future?" This makes the serious thoughts and truly become a science fiction can be "sexually explicit" and literary form, not limited to the vulgar pursuit of adventure adventure books - although indistinguishable in form. Therefore, there are critics to 1895 ("Time Machine" and published) as "the first year of the birth of science fiction." But did not argue that the cross-century writer of the 20th century the greatest man of science fiction. In the novel technique, Wales has succeeded in "popular fiction" and "speculative philosophy" established a link between. Intriguing plot aroused general public desire for a strong reading, but without compromising the whole of Wales in the novel flashing light of wisdom. 20th century: the rise of space opera and magazines The 20th century, the development of science fiction can be broadly bounded by the Second World War. Before World War II, began in earnest in Europe, science fiction, but also putting down roots in the United States. American science fiction is Edgar Rice Burroughs pioneer, he is a famous series of adventure novels, "Tarzan" (Tarzan) of the author. Wales, the United States inherited a kind of science fiction, traditional style, and fantasy, adventure story into the mainstream with the popular literature. 30 years of the 20th century, the tide of commercialization of science fiction in the United States was marked by the rise of a distinctive style emerged a large number of science fiction magazines. These magazines promote American science fiction has become the major driving force. One of the best are: American science fiction magazine (year 2001) Title of the time, founder of founder / editor of the famous Strange legend of Weird Tales 1923 年 -2001 Philip 普洛夫克莱 Swift Howard Amazing Stories Amazing Stories 1926 年 -2000 root Spark of Hugo New story Astounding Stories / Science Fiction Astounding Science Fiction 1930 novel -1960 年 of John Campbell Fantasy and science fiction magazine The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction 1949 年 -2001 years Galaxy Science Fiction Galaxy Science Fiction 1950 年 -1995 years 1927, "Amazing Stories" edited by Hugo root Spark for the first time "Scienti-fiction" written as "Science-fiction". Since then, the "science fiction" the name was officially used to refer to this more mature subject matter. His outstanding contribution to science fiction has been the respect of future generations, American science fiction Hugo Award for the highest award in his name. Einstein's "Relativity" and other modern scientific techniques and theory after another, there's a wave of 1920-30 stimulated creative climax. Representative writers of this period / works: Hugo root Spark's "2660 New York," John Campbell's "intellectual thief on Mars", 埃德蒙汉米 Dalton's "Space Patrol" series, Smith's "Skylark universe," and so on. These works can be divided into two categories: either the planet, the intergalactic adventure story; either fictional adventure. Therefore, the creation of this period in the history of science fiction is often called the "giant eye monster" or space opera era. Mid-20th century: The Golden Age Although the U.S. experienced in 1939 during the Great Depression and World War II, the smoke, but used to buy "popular" science fiction magazine of the American youth has become a significant number of loyal readers. Science fiction literature as to maintain a strong vitality and commercial viability. During the war a large number of R & D or new technology or even imagined in science fiction is the freshest source of inspiration. After World War II, the United States ushered in the science fiction of the "golden age." American science fiction magazine "science fiction novel," July 1941 History of science fiction generally accepted number, John Campbell is an American science fiction "golden age" of the leader. It began with a magazine change. Campbell in 1937, his editor of the "new story" Astounding Stories was renamed as "science fiction novel" Astounding Science Fiction. However, the change is not just a name. Campbell, the author is extremely demanding, they must first be well-educated writer. And Campbell has really brought together under the command of almost all of the American science fiction you: to Saai Ximo Fu, Spray Gedu Gang, Robert Sea by the Rhine, Brad Canterbury, Fanwogete ... ... and so on. Asimov later in the "dangerous illusion" (published 1967) stressed the foreword to the book an important contribution to Campbell: "He (Campbell) to the field of science fiction to bring a true revolution ... ..." Astounding SF to Let science fiction works in content and form, are "serious" to appear in front of the reader: "First of all must come from real science, but also must be true history," and can not be both one or the other. In this way, science fiction, the authenticity of the humanities and science have been strengthened. Asimov concluded: "science fiction writers strive to work hard at the same time realistic, describing the computer, rockets and nuclear weapons, they appeared 10 years the computer, exactly the same rocket and nuclear weapons. As a result, 50's and 60's real life, with 40 years Campbell-style science fiction scenario depicted in surprisingly good agreement. " Historical events, strict requirements for quality and growing a large number of readers the accumulation of these factors contributed to the science fiction 50 years in the 20th century, the great leap forward. The American science fiction of the "golden age" of a further boost to the overall prosperity of the world of science fiction. After 60 years since the 20th century, in the technologically advanced Western industrial countries, have emerged one after another famous science fiction writer, works. Asimov husband and their classics (the sun and the spacecraft back on the flag for "base" series, the picture on the left of the robot represents "Robot", the right of the image represents the popular science series) Isaac Asimov (Isaac Asimov ,1930-1992), American science fiction writer. Yield his life, many works, goes to work as many as 500. The most important are two series: the "base" series and "robot" series. "Robot" series of short works mainly collected in the "I, Robot" and "the rest of the Robot" and other works _set_ them. In addition Asimov sci-fi robots also long on "Steel Points" and "Naked Sun" and so on. Isaac Asimov proposed the famous "Three Laws of Robotics" for the robot _set_ up a code of conduct and ethics, to perform a series of logical reasoning and pretty strong story. The middle of the two series is the "Galactic Empire trilogy." In addition to these three series, the Isaac Asimov science fiction there are many popular works, such as the description of a civilization thousands of years before the planet once the stars of the "sun_set_", describing the "parallel universe" in the alien "gods themselves" ( also translated as "gods themselves" and "God themselves"), and his time travel involving a small number of "eternal doom" and other works. Isaac Asimov science fiction is not only creative, but also works of popular science writing, the same people worth reading a hundred times. After the death of Isaac Asimov as one commentator put it: "He works millions of people pleasure, but changed their view of the world." He was the 20th century, made great contributions to the development of science fiction. Communication History "Science Fiction" (science fiction) was originally a foreign word, from the West into China; was originally translated as "science fiction" and later evolved into "science fiction." In fact, even in the West, "science fiction" the term has been 30 years of this century was widely popular. It originally appeared in Hugo root Spark editor of the "strange story of science" magazine first, though Edgar Allan Poe, 埃德加佛塞特 and writers such as William Wilson had for a long time ago A similar type of science fiction literature been defined, but the "science fiction" really more consistent view, it is designed to register the popular science fiction magazine to establish what happened afterwards.
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Developments in science fiction
In fact, this novel is very popular 50 to 60 years, and lead to further developments in science fiction. Works of this period a large number of description of the future, so that people from the future in the real world, to the authors and readers to greater freedom of thought. Them with the 19th century and early 20th century work is obviously different, because the latter mainly through the space will be placed in the background of the novel extraordinary world. 60 years, the emergence of a new idea, a renewed emphasis on science fiction literature is a global, its roots in the 19th century, not 20th century, 20 years after the training by the United States out of a magazine genre. This undoubtedly is a science fiction view of a broader perspective, but it no longer emphasizes the factors of science and technology, and even "science fiction" of the genre term is also criticized. In 1972, McGill University professor Dake Su Wen explained to science fiction as "a literary genre, the necessary and sufficient conditions are not known and understanding of the interaction, while its main method is to use a form of imagination experience in lieu of the framework of the environment. " Su with the "know" that the pursuit of rational understanding, and "strange", said the concept of Brecht: "a strange understanding of the performance it can make the subject, but at the same time it seems strange. "Su definition caused a lot of arguments but said he thought the framework of the fictional world of the novel, with real-world experience in the external environment, said the practice, on the understanding of science fiction had a positive impact. 70 years later, the high-tech modes of production brought about social change, and science fiction has appeared in a variety of new interpretations. Robert Scott • Naples that "science fiction provides a clear and fundamentally different world, we know the world, however, some understanding of the way Youyi return to face the known world." His "structure of the fable "instead of" speculation novel ", that the universe is a system of systems, the structure of a structure of scientific insight into the past century should be the starting point of the novel. Structure of the fable in a way fiction to explore the human condition, its main theme is the human science or life science, development or invention of humanity itself. "The Third Wave," Toffler author of the real world by studying the rapid changes that: "Science fiction is generally not taken into account by describing the possibility - another world, another point of view - to expand our ability to respond to change. "claimed" medium is the message "Mike Ruan said:" Today, the environmental performance of science fiction allows us to see the potential of technology. "and Leslie • Fidler, said:" Science fiction is a revelation of the dream is the myth of the end of mankind, is to go beyond the myth, or to change human. "In 1987, science fiction writer S. K. Even Robinson wrote: science fiction, "a history of literature ... ... in every narrative in science fiction, there is a clear historical fiction or implied, it novel depicts the time period and we or our linked at some point in the past. " In 1992, critic John Ke Lute to further expand the scope of science fiction, science fiction that the United States passed the significance related to the "Western world linear, time-limited by the logic." In short, science fiction has never been an absolute consensus. This is not to say that science fiction is not in a specific period of time relative to the same features and rules; because if there is no common characteristics and rules of fiction are not to become a unique literary category. Such as 50 years to 60 years, most of main stream of science fiction, description of the future, there are certain structural principles, and shows combined with the tendency of social reality. The United States because of the famous science fiction writer 罗伯特海因莱 cases, the background of all his novels are the future of world history or American history. Strange in the history of screen painting, and he carefully arrange every detail to make the development as the story unfolds. He has an outline of the history and future of diagrams, figures and important dates are found interspersed in it. He once made such a chart: This chart from 1950 to 2600 to a historical range of dates on the left there is a line from left to right in order of priority is the story of the other six lines, characters, technology, data, sociology and notes ; the first row of the story line of a topic close to the date of the next history; second line of the vertical life of each character; the third line is the development of technology, such as "mechanical road" or "telepathy" and so on, but also with the time bar correspondence; fourth row lists the specific time events, such as 2060, a "synthetic food"; the fifth line of "Sociology" from the brutal era, citing social conditions, such as the emergence of religious dictatorship of the United States in 2020; the last line is the concluding discourse, for example, in 2600 with the "feelings confusion, the human end of adolescence, the first batch of mature civilization began." The contents of this chart can be changed, but the principle is the same.
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Different views on science fiction
In fact, most good science fiction novels to social reality as the background, the use of the imagination of the future and the past, and explore ways to solve practical contradictions, revealing the relationship between social change and human.
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From science fiction to explore the future
Total to develop the science, nature and society will continue to change, people must face the changes in the future. Explore the future of science fiction is the best form possible, It can make people mentally prepared for the future, but also allows people to create a better future. Science fiction also gives rise to new ideas, or thoughts from the old to discover new meaning. As 麦克因泰尔 said: "science fiction novel describes the consequences of technology development ... ... to explore the value of human beings and human beings. It needs more work, but also keen insight, but also excellent work ... ... it is to explore the emotional and psychological tools. "
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Science fiction "open system"
Science fiction represent an "open system", it is not the shackles of the traditional social thought, you can freely explore a variety of social concepts and scientific concepts. When the burning of science fiction is not "open system" there has been debate, but science fiction is full of different races, different life, different social and a great variety of different environments, but it is an undeniable fact, them as science fiction in the form and content of the infinite vast space. So 麦克因泰尔 that science fiction "is the most valuable literary style", "science fiction writers are beginning to tap the infinite possibilities of science fiction to produce the field of literature the most exciting work." Today, the world is undergoing unprecedented change, development of high technology, especially life sciences and the mass media, not only will change the social structure and moral ethics, but will change the way people think and mental habits. In fact, in the developed Western capitalist countries, transnational corporations have begun to undermine the development of civil society, the composition of the international development of the Internet and video language center is making the shift to visual culture as the center of the image. Stay out of these changes on people who may be difficult to understand, but certainly they are the most recent science-fiction writer to imagine the reality of the time based on the background. So we read the contemporary Western science fiction, to be away from the traditional way of reading, full gallop their own imagination, because science fiction and reality itself is the distance from the "strange" work, and the West the reality is the reality we are familiar . In other words, the West is a contemporary science fiction double pull us away from the works of imagination in the traditional way of reading, it is difficult to understand the wonderful place and the real meaning.
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Modern science fiction
Today's science fiction, has long been beyond the old one-sided view: the dissemination of scientific knowledge and science fiction, people respect science, to enable young people believe in science and dedication to science and technology; it adds new, more important social function, can be a powerful criticism society and promote social development approach. This new social function, resulting in a change in scientific concepts. Now people think that science has a dual nature. On the one hand, science is indeed revealing that people understand their relationship with the world and role, have their own understanding and to guide their actions; other hand, as the product of human activity, science is also reflected in the condition it produces, reflect the scientific variety of producers and owners point of view. The process of science, science project identification, _select_ion and training of scientists and scientific research strategies, research tools and methods put forward ideas and problem-solving framework, the success and failure, as well as the environment, and so the use of scientific results, All of these are science and related technology product of history. Science knowledge is not dominated by nature, but by the interests and beliefs composition. Both the relative objectivity of science, and community decisive. The so-called fair, impartial, pure scientific truth does not exist. Therefore, the task of scientific analysis, in different working conditions, in different social arrangements, try to find the interaction between mental objects and their mutual penetration of the situation. Radical defenders of science do not necessarily maintain the real science, only to take a critical attitude to science is the true love of science. In the late 20th century Western society, the division of labor due to increasing technical knowledge into the level of scientific knowledge is rapidly leave the education system to track, into the private capital into commercial and commodity. People need to take a critical attitude of science, people need to experience the living environment for imagination and creativity. Theme and Scope Science fiction themes very broad scope that is difficult to separate the list of lists - unless otherwise open an encyclopedia. The following will be careless in the mainstream of science fiction on the theme of the present to make a simple list. Not all of the examples provided there were separate chapters for the work, the more common situation is in the works will involve the same two or three themes, for example, in the time machine to travel on the main characters of the description of a future world to the taste of a collapse of civilization. If you have a science class since that new ideas, which is not recommended in the following table to find whether a similar, this is likely to lose your creative passion; but when you're looking for inspiration, you can browse the table track it down previous footprint. Social form For some reason, the background story of where the future, or an ancient civilization had advanced aerial world civilization was crumbling or regression had occurred. Common reasons such as excessive pollution, deterioration of the natural environment, a huge natural disaster, mass destruction weapons, interplanetary war, the population expansion of resource supply system over the collapse of the massive extinction of plague, loss of control over technology (such as nano-mechanical). Utopia. Of an innovative based on their own, or may describe the future of the human world, the future of overhead, how to use a higher level of technology or other high-tech application of technology to eliminate the side effects, to achieve a harmonious life. For example, fuel vehicles for pollution, anti-gravity science fiction writer has proposed the concept of transport facilities and the like. Anti-Utopia, in particular the abuse of power grasp modern technology cyberpunk doubts. The so-called abuse of power concerns the technology, the patent refers to new concepts of modern, cutting-edge technology might support some people who can not grasp the supervision of the use of these technologies in order to winding means to achieve totalitarian purposes. In such novels, the most common role from Tuo Lasi play the forces of evil. Other anti-utopian, it is more widely considered to be harmful for some to be of a high-tech, or too naive idealism, rendering and irony. Nature is over-compressed, the future of human arrogance to conquer all the world community or the like the next overhead. Sick of this society may also have some statement of the phenomenon, but people who live in that world seems to have been used. Of over-reliance on artificial intelligence or other high-tech future society morbid or like the next overhead world. Sometimes these high-tech will also have human-like ambition, and start or attempt to carry out their totalitarian rule. Space opera (SF opera): creators could have put together some of the common elements the next stage of social overhead, and then happy to be here with their own staged a tragicomedy of love, or terrorist drama, war or democracy vs totalitarianism, giving the audience a fresh experience. A similar word is the interstellar fantasy (Space Fantasy). Categories Strict distinction between science fiction is very difficult. Because sometimes science fiction and fantasy novels, horror novels have blurred, of a works, the more likely to both these types of styles. If the following to say to make you feel at a loss, then read the original is always the best way. Hard and soft science fiction science fiction This is a very popular and effective but has been ignored in the classification of academia: "Hard science fiction" and "soft science fiction." Hard science fiction (English Hard Science Fiction, referred to as Hard SF) is a branch of science fiction type. The core idea of work is the scientific spirit of respect and esteem. In practice, the hard science fiction to the pursuit of science (possible) or accuracy of the details for the properties, focusing on natural science and technology. Different way of handling different: some of the incredibly careful to avoid techniques such as ultra-light travel; while others allow them as an important prop in the story appeared, and the careful building of the world exposition to show this technology possible. In the latter novel, astronomy or physics to explore the characters are often more important than that, but sometimes the story of people around the performance of the environment. In short, hard science fiction story in common is to rely on technology to promote and resolve. Will try to make the story of the technology known at the time with the publication of scientific consistency. This is the science fiction world, in particular the hard science fiction readers to the main view. Soft science fiction (English Soft Science Fiction, referred to as Soft SF) is focused on the plot and subject matter of philosophy, psychology, political science or sociology of science fiction tend to branch. Relative to the "hard science fiction", works of science and technology and the importance of physical laws has been reduced. Because it is often related to the subject matter is classified as a soft science or humanities, so it is called "soft" science fiction. For example, the series of sci-fi novel "Dune", Frank Herbert, by creating a new world, abandoned the intelligent machine, and back to the feudal society. Herbert on the current social and political realities through realistic simulations to "Dune," the legendary status of human criticism. Soft science fiction also explores the social reaction to the incident, and purely by natural phenomena or problems caused by technological progress (often a disaster), the theme is often that science is like a "double-edged sword," the guidance of human care needs (the most common is accused of human relations and emotions can not replace the machine). Interestingly, the controversy about the definition of small soft science fiction, perhaps precisely because its boundaries seem to be more vague than the hard science fiction. Classification dispute Although the "hard science fiction" and "soft science fiction," the points system common in many various magazines, websites and fans of the mouth, but supporters within the "hard and soft" is defined also in dispute; Similarly, many people refused to acknowledge this statement that there is no need to sub-science fiction. A typical case is the confusion of the "Star Wars" (Star Wars). Many fans in the first conservative because "the Force" (Force, a supernatural spiritual power) of the _set_tings that it does not belong to science fiction and fantasy novels can only be considered, or the Hollywood space movies, anyway, is not science fiction; other Some hard science fiction space advocates believe that Hollywood films are fantasy; and the public generally straightforward to put them all classified as "science fiction movie." Is now generally considered that such works should be classified strictly on the scope of space opera, which is characterized by the non Kehuan Mi is because of its historical and realistic characters to imitate words and deeds, but there is a real sense of why it is more serious for the public . So Asimov science fiction writer and Tianzhongfangshu waiting for names are due to turn over the future use of the people do not know but know the past, and future and the historical analogy deliberately to attract readers to the future and space of the ring. Under relatively recent photo or animation because of special media such as the prevalence of images, leaving some space, contrary to Hollywood movies, or Japanese military surreal animation as a benchmark to identify imitation of Wales stressed the reverse to explore and reflect on the work is not science fiction , such that the Haruhi Suzumiya series is not science fiction, but to borrow the words of the school of science fiction fantasy love story, we can see the definition of science fiction is changes with the times and places. There is also a popular saying that Jules Verne is a "hard science fiction," the originator; Wales is a "soft science fiction," the master. In fact, the Prince of works of fantasy and science and technology is not directly described conservative than Jules Verne; "Haideliangmoli" also spent several chapters to describe the mysterious world of the "Nautilus," the suspicion and vibration . Therefore they are side by side against each other inevitably biased. Other classification To solve the above confusion, the emergence of a new argument once, SF is no longer a "Science Fiction" or "Sci-Fi", "ScientiFiction", "Science Fantasy" like the acronym and become a representative of "Speculative Fiction", the speculative fiction. The "SF" more lenient definition, trying to cover the tangle of science fiction before the definition. Literary fiction The creation of science fiction is not just a literary category, the history of the past century, science fiction has become a "style", a "element" can be other kinds of art, forms of entertainment draw performance. Of the 20th century media and entertainment industry did not neglect the various categories of literature, of course, including science fiction. Love of science fiction fantasy art has become a global mainstream youth culture, but also a profound impact on human society in the 20th century way of thinking and entertainment. Science fiction film According to science fiction movies, Matrix (The Matrix / The Matrix / 22 The Matrix) series of the same world view animated short film _set_ Animatrix. The story of nine independent of each other with different styles and stories show the future of mankind may be born from the beginning of the film, sci-fi thriller style the story is often the big screen. As "the art of science and technology to bear fruit," and science fiction film seems a natural marriage. Film invented centuries, "science fiction" has been an important type. The following is a common science fiction movie: The alien monster film, prehistoric biological performance of hideous monsters, threatening the survival of mankind. Works are: "Godzilla," "Jurassic Park", "Alien" and so on. Depletion of the earth disaster film, alien invasion or future major natural disasters, so that humanity faced a crisis. Representative: "In the future water," "The Fifth Element," "Independence Day", "Day After Tomorrow" and so on. The performance of human exploration of the Star Trek universe, the alien adventure, explore the story. Representative: "Star Trek" (Star Trek), etc.; Epic space into a large universe of the world, the description of one of the major forces in the struggle between the forces, the rise and fall. Representative: "Star Wars" (Star Wars), "Dune" (Dune), "2001 A Space Odyssey," and so on. Time travel show humans have the ability to control the time and adventure after adventure. Representative: "Back to the Future," "Terminator," "Time Machine", "Shiqi different people" and so on. The performance of the robot and human robot relationships, often have human emotions such as mechanical robots ethical issues. Representative: "Artificial Intelligence", "I, Robot" and so on. Of course, the above list is only a crude, such as "The Matrix" movies like, the robot made to reflect the virtual world, human life and freedom and the awakening of consciousness does not belong to the above classification. Many science fiction elements are often transformed into a hero of high-tech equipment used in modern movies are everywhere. Science fiction and animation Japan's young animation, whether it is master Osamu Tezuka's "Astro Boy" or Fujiko Fujio F · the "哆 啦 A Dream"; American superhero comics are all through the power of science and technology than can kill evil; science fiction has always been animation, comic of the most popular one of the mainstream _set_ting. But because of low audience ages, it is generally simplify complex concepts, and fantasy, fairy tale combines elements of both scientific and technological elements of feeling, but also no shortage of cute innocence. However, there are a lot like "Ghost in the Shell" (Mamoru Oshii production, Shiro authentic original), "Animatrix" ("Matrix" movie version), "Galactic Heroes", "Galaxy Warring States warlords" and "The New Century Evangelion ", etc. The theme for the higher age levels deep sci-fi animation.
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Development period
The development of Western science fiction can be divided into four periods: 1, Britain has the Industrial Revolution and Darwin's theory of evolution lead to real science fiction of the Restoration; 2, the early twentieth century physicist Albert Einstein's theory of relativity to bring science fiction of ZTE; 3, World War II, due to nuclear fission, Astronautical, color TV, computer, etc. The rapid development of science and technology to further promote the prosperity of Western science fiction; 4, after three decades of prosperity, science fiction writer from the theme, plot, to the artistic exploration of new methods. World's top ten science fiction awards Jules Verne Award (Prix Julex Verne): from France Press, "Hatchett Library" award. 1927-1932 were awarded for the best science fiction author, prize winners get five thousand francs. 1958 once again restored, jointly organized by the Hatchett and 加尔利马德 to 1963 only. World Fantasy Award (World Fantasy Awards): Agreement by a panel of judges, meeting in the fantasy world approach, once a year. Apollo Awards (Rrix Apollo Awards): Right Jacob Sa Duer grandmother in France, launched in 1971 to commemorate the Apollo 11 moon landing. It is awarded annually in science fiction published in France, from 11 non-fiction writers, critics, journalists, and a referee organization of scientists validation. John Gan Bao Memorial Award (John W @ Campbell Memorial Awards): Each spring means formed by a critic and writer, a small council ruled last year awarded the best science fiction. British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke had in 1974 with "meet with Rama" won the prize. Pilgrim Award (Pilgrim Award): presented by the Science Fiction Research Association, awarded intelligence in science fiction to enhance understanding of the community of individuals. Science fiction in the history of the world's "New Wave" movement of the main tasks, the British science fiction we had Aldiss Brian W · won the prize in 1978. International Fantasy Award (The John W @ Campbell Awards): American Science Fiction Writers Association award. Nominated by the voting members elected each year a large number of works, sub-Fiction Award, the Short Story Award, Master Award. Masters Award which is awarded "in the lifetime achievements of science fiction" writer. Well known American science fiction writer 罗伯特海因莱 won the prize in 1974. Hugo Award (The Hugo Awards): This award is in honor of (the first U.S. science fiction magazine founder) Hugo root Spark. It's the correct term is "Science Fiction Achievement Award", customarily called the "Hugo Award." It is the 1953 World Science Fiction Conference (Philadelphia), decided to _set_ up, according to the fans to vote and granted the United States science fiction award. Points Novel Award, Short Story Award, Novella, Best Magazine Award. Since 1953, continuous _select_ion, a number of science fiction is now the most famous kind of award. Nebula Awards: Nebula Award awarded to American Science Fiction Association _select_ed the best works of the previous year, and Hugo will be tied, science fiction is now the most prestigious award in the awards. Since 1966, successive awards. Australian Science Fiction Achievement Award (The Australian Science Fiction Achievement Awards): Australian Science Fiction Achievement Awards are often referred to as "Di Mate Award" (The Ditmar Awards), the annual meeting of the Australian science fiction awards. The participants elected the right award, awarded to the best science fiction of the national, world's best science fiction, the best readers of my colleagues in magazines, the best of contemporary science fiction writer. British Science Fiction Association Award (The British Science Fiction Association Awards): awarded by the British Science Fiction Association, awarded to the best British science fiction writer, presented during the Easter holidays. Elected to designate the first prize work, then ruled by the Association Committee.
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