sciences of sociology > community service
Contents
No. 1
  Two occupational profile:
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Wikipedia Encyclopedia
  shehui gongzuo
  Social Work
  social work
  The state and society to address and prevent a dedicated member of the community due to lack of business ability to adapt to social life, social dysfunction and resulting social problems and a discipline. Its performance is through social services and social management, social adjustment, improve the social system, promote social development, promote social stability and development. The world's definition of the concept of social work numerous, more representative definitions are: ① personal help the poor and unfortunate society dedicated career. ② government, community associations to solve unemployment, poverty, disease, aging, lonely, disability, mental illness and other problems of organized activities carried out. ③ government, associations of professional services to improve the lives of all members of society organized.
  The origin and formation of the existence of three different perspectives: ① Most people think charity organized origins in the medieval church, formed in the period of capitalism. ② It was believed to have originated in the needs of individuals and society. This need not properly met, it will form a problem, there is social work. ③ Some people believe that there are social problems of human society, it has social work.
  In primitive society, human embryonic ideas, a lot of questions by the parties themselves, mainly by social relations practices to adjust. During this period, only a simple autonomous social affairs, there is no specific social work. After entering class society, class exploitation and oppression caused by a variety of social problems. Initially repression means exploiting classes, such as vagrancy, begging confinement facilities, whipping, branding, cutting the ears, nose and other penalties digging, or indifferent to social issues, let it spread flooding. Later, although the provisions of some solutions, but rarely implemented. The working people a vision of a variety of social issues can be satisfactorily resolved society. Some ancient thinkers such reflects their desire. China in the Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius proposed "common ground" ideas. "Book of Rites, Li Yun" in the "enemy not only of its pro-pro, not just son of his son, the old have eventually, have to use strong, young director, Jingua lonely or disabled people, both by raising" the record . Mohists proposed "universal love" thinking in favor of "strong person with the disease to help others, those who have the money to sub-human Mian, who persuaded the proper way to teach people, if this, you have to eat the hungry, clothing the cold bidder, bidder chaos rule "(" Mo Shangxian down "). Legalism that "utilitarian" ideas advocated adjusting the disparity of wealth to the rich people rich, the implementation of appearing, Salesian, Xugu, raising disease, alone together, asked illness, through the poor, vibration sleepy, then absolutely, such as "Nine benefits of education "(" Pipe into the country "). Taoism that "doing nothing" thinking, the opposition to "mostly" under advocated "promising" ("Zi"), to "Gan its food, its own service, Anqi Min, whose vulgar music" ("I") is the contents of an ideal society.
  Western ancient Greece "happiness theory" that happiness is derived to share with others, and the rich to be happy, to control the poor, it is necessary to provide wealth for the poor, the poor have a chance to be happy. Roman advocate religious outlook responsibility that the rich for the poor to relieve pain, is a responsibility doctrine contained, to make the relief of the poor is not therefore subject to loss of dignity, and the rich are therefore more show dignity. Hebrew people think that people enjoy equitable social and material wealth, is a concept of justice. Justice is given due credit for their personal wealth, everyone should be equitable access to social wealth. These social conditions at the time unattainable ideals and ideas, including the idea of ​​charity and social work different motives seeds.
  Philanthropy in the late slave and feudal society, because the slaves and serfs rebelled against their masters and feudal lords struggle intensifies, so exploiters, rulers realized that repression alone is not sufficient to maintain their domination and social production, should be complemented by poor people the gift of relief charity. Some members of the public out of the weak, pity the unfortunate psychological, or starting from a different religious ideas, organizing various charities. This cause originated in the slave society, feudal society flourished, remaining in a capitalist society.
  China's philanthropy in the Zhou Dynasty from. "Zhou Stuart" records "in order to protect the people raising interest rates six", namely the Salesian, pension, vibration poor, poor-shirts, wide disease, Fu. "Famine Relief" (implementation victims relief) measures also started from the Zhou Dynasty. The history of philanthropy has five types: ① government-run charity. Beggars shelter madhouse, Ji Liang the (asylum prostitute), probation (reforming criminals), the disabled apprenticeship Course. ② religious charities do. As of Christianity, the Catholic Church-sponsored orphanages, education
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English Expression
  1. n.:  community service
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