business services : internet > electronic commerce



Contents ·No. 1 ·Basic concept ·Classification ·Business Features ·History ·Situation in China ·Applications ·Support environment ·Practical problems ·Certification ·Applications ·Basic concept ·Classification ·Situation in China ·E-commerce success factors ·Practical problems ·The role of e-commerce ·Internet marketing and e-commerce ·Development of e-commerce ·Innovative forms of e-commerce ·The three stages of e-commerce ·Profile e-commerce division and the professional qualification examination conditions apply ·Basic concept ·Development ·Classification ·Main function ·Advantages and disadvantages ·Trends ·Case: "E" - think of the story of several information technology ·English Expression ·French Expression ·Related Phrases ·Containing Phrases ·Classification details ·More results... No. 1 　　Internet and media space for the proposed structure to the data in the form of the expression of a variety of information for the business. Translated by Google Basic concept 　　电子商务, electronic commerce, generally refers to a wide range of business around the world trade, in the Internet an open network environment, based on the browser / server applications ways, both parties are not met for various business activities, realization of consumer online shopping, online transactions between merchants and online electronic payment and a variety of business activities, trading activities, financial activities and activities related to integrated services a new business model. "China Internet Marketing Network" tinlu related articles that cover a wide range of e-commerce in general can be divided into business to business (business-to-business), or business to consumer (business-to-consumer) two. There are also consumer to consumer (consumer-to-consumer) this step growth mode. With the use of population increase in the domestic internet use internet for online shopping and bank card payments gradually popular consumption patterns, market share is rapidly growing e-commerce sites are endless. The most common e-commerce security with ssl and _set_ two. Translated by Google Classification 　　b2b, b2c, c2c, b2m four categories of e-business models. 　　b2b refer business to business. 　　as in businesses doing business with other businesses, merchants (refers to business) e-commerce to business, that business to business via the Internet products, services, and information exchange. Popular argument is that both supply and demand for e-commerce transactions are business (or business, the company), she (he) who used the internet technology or a variety of business networking platform to complete the business transaction. These include: supply and demand release of information, order and confirm the order and payment process and notes issued, send and receive, determine the distribution plan and monitor the distribution process and so on. Sometimes writing b to b, but in order to easily and simply used the homonym b2b (2 or to). The typical b2b Alibaba, China net. 　　b2c business to customer that 　　b2c model is the first generation of e-business models to operate 8848 marked the official online store. b2c that business through the Internet to provide consumers with a new shopping environment - online stores, consumers shop online through the network, the online payment. Because of this mode of saving consumers and businesses time and space, greatly improving the efficiency of the transaction, especially for busy office workers, this model can save their valuable time. 　　c2c is consumer to consumer. 　　c2c with b2b, b2c, are both one of several models of e-commerce. The difference is that c2c is the user of the user's mode, c2c business platform for buyers and sellers is through the provision of an online trading platform, so that the seller can take the initiative to provide goods online auction, the buyer can choose to bid on goods. c2c typical Taobao and so on. 　　b2m refer business to manager 　　b2m is relative to the b2b, b2c, c2c e-commerce model is concerned, is a new e-commerce model. E relative to which all three are essentially different, the fundamental difference is the different nature of target audience, the first three of the target audience is there as a consumer's identity, and against b2m customer base is the product of the enterprise or the sellers or their workers, rather than the final consumer. 　　Enterprise network platform release of the company's products or services obtained through the network of professional managers of the company's products or services information, and provide products for sale or supply of business services, business services manager to achieve through the sale of products or access to services purposes. Professional managers to provide services through a commission. 　　b2m, compared with the traditional e-commerce has made a huge improvement, in addition to the face of user groups is essentially different from outside, b2m features with a larger advantage: the development of e-commerce line! Above three features of traditional e-commerce: goods or services to buyers and sellers can only be users, and b2m model can goods and services on the network went a full line of information, companies publish information, the manager received business information, products or services and will be available to all people, whether online or offline. 　　The Chinese market, for example, traditional e-commerce sites face the 140 million Internet users, and b2m face is 1.4 billion Chinese citizens! b2b e pace is so typical. 　　E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three areas: information services, transactions and payments. The main contents include: E-Trade ad; electronic purchasing and trading, electronic trading exchange certificate; electronic payment and _set_tlement and the sale of online services. The main types of transactions are business and personal transactions (b to c method) and business transactions between (b to b mode) two. There are four types of entities involved in electronic commerce: the customer (individual consumer or enterprise groups), business (including distributors, manufacturers, storage and transportation providers), banks (including the issuer, acquirer) and Certification Center. 　　From the point of view of trade, e-commerce can be achieved in a number of areas, which can also be e-commerce is divided into two levels, lower levels of e-commerce such as e-Business, electronic commerce, electronic contracts, etc.; the most complete is The most advanced e-commerce should be carried out using intenet network to all the trading activities that the Internet will be information flow, business flow, capital flow and logistics part of the full realization, that is, you can search for customers, has been to negotiation, ordering, online payment (income) shall be open, according to the electronic customs declaration as well as electronic invoicing, electronic tax payment through the internet at one go. 　　To achieve a complete e-commerce also involves many aspects, in addition to buyers and sellers, but also with banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions to join Caixing. As the parties involved in electronic commerce are not met each other physically, so the entire e-commerce process is not a replica of the physical world, business, online banking, online electronic payment and other conditions and data encryption, electronic signatures and other technologies in e-commerce indispensable to play an important role. 　　There are also two types: 　　b2a commercial e-commerce on the administration 　　Commercial administrative organizations (business-to-administrations) of e-commerce refers to business and government agencies for the electronic commerce activities. For example, the details of the Government Procurement published in the Internet, through online auction, tender, companies have to tender by electronic means. 　　This approach is currently still in the initial pilot phase, but may be developed very quickly, because the Government can establish the image of the government in this way, through the exemplary role in promoting e-business. In addition, the government can implement this type of e-business management of the administrative things, such as government import and export licenses issued by way of e-commerce, to carry out statistical work, businesses can apply through the Internet and other taxes and tax rebates. 　　Government should promote the development of e-commerce play an important role. In the U.S., the Clinton Administration has decided in the near future 70% of the federal government's implementation of electronic public procurement. In Sweden, the Government has decided to at least 90% of public procurement in the online public. 　　China's Golden Customs project is to administrative agencies by commercial e-commerce, such as issuing export licenses for export tax rebates, electronic customs declaration, the establishment of China's foreign trade as the leading e-commerce framework, and promote various types of e-commerce in China activities. 　　c2a consumer e-commerce executive 　　Consumers administration (consumer-to-administrations) of e-commerce, refers to the individual's e-government activities. E-commerce activities such has not really formed. However, in individual countries, such as in Australia, the government's tax authorities have been designated by the private tax, or financial accounting firm to use the electronic tax returns for individuals. Although such activities have not reached the real returns electronically, but it already has a consumer e-commerce administration shape. 　　Government as Business to Consumer, commercial organizations the development of e-commerce executive will be the implementation of the community of individuals more comprehensive electronic services. The taxpayer to the government departments of social services provided, such as social welfare payments, etc., will remain on the web. Translated by Google Business Features 　　The explosive growth of Internet commerce is the direct product of the new network technology development. Internet itself has an open, global, low-cost, high-efficiency features, has become the inherent characteristics of e-commerce, and so far beyond e-commerce as a new form of trade to the value, it will not only change enterprise's own production, operation, management activities, and will affect all of society's economic performance and structure. Internet-based "electronic" technology platform for a traditional business activities very broad space for development, highlighting the superiority of their traditional means of media, simply can not match. 　　★ 2. E-commerce with the openness and global features for enterprises to create more trade opportunities. Internet across borders, through time and space, regardless of where you are, day and night, as long as you use your browser click of the mouse, you can log whim of any country, geographical site, and you want to directly face to face communication communication.. 　　★ 3. E-commerce enables businesses to cost close to enter the global electronic market, enabling SMEs and large enterprises may have the same information resources, improve the competitiveness of SMEs. 　　★ 4. Dianzaishangwu redefines the traditional circulation model, to reduce intermediate links, making the producers and consumers directly deal possible, which to some extent, changed the entire social economy operates. 　　★ 5. E-commerce on the one hand break the barriers of time and space, on the other hand provides a wealth of information resources for various socio-economic elements of reorganization provides a more probable, it will affect the social and economic layout and structure. 21st century information society, information is wealth, and the pace of information transfer can be said for the business in terms of life and death. The speed of the Internet with its fast transmission of information and much favored by business, can be said that the northern hemisphere has just happened in the southern hemisphere it can be ten minutes, minutes or even a short time be informed through the Internet. Internet really make the whole planet into a global village. 　　★ 6. Interactivity: through the Internet, businesses can be directly between the communication, negotiation, contract, consumers can also be reflected in their feedback suggested the site enterprises or businesses, and enterprises or businesses will have to based on consumer feedback in a timely manner product range and service quality survey, so that interaction. 　　Based on the above advantages, e-commerce as a new business model in the last decade of the 20th century in front of people. And compared to traditional transactions, electronic commerce has many strengths, as it can overcome geographical and time constraints, so that people from different areas in the free transmission of information to pass on, trade. It's fast, fast, free and low-cost exchange of people of the town is really why not? Translated by Google History 　　The United States and Europe, for example, can be said that e-commerce business development in full swing. In France, Germany and other European countries, e-commerce business generated total revenue accounted for 1 / 4, already in the United States up to 1 / 3, while the United States and Europe to carry out e-commerce has only been ten years. In the U.S., America Online (aol), Yahoo, eBay and other well-known e-commerce company start making money around 1995 to 2000 created a $ 780,000,000, ibm, Amazon Bookstore, Dell Computer, Wal-Mart and other e-commerce company in their respective areas is achieved incredible huge profits. The rapid development of e-Europe and the United States the following factors: 　　★ 1. Europe and the United States households have computers, many enterprises, the total number of Internet users population 2 / 3 or more, especially young people, almost all Internet users, and favorable economic conditions and a large population of Internet users have created for the development of e-commerce a good environment. 　　★ 2. Europe and the United States to implement universal credit card system, establish a _set_ of comprehensive credit guarantee system, which is e-commerce online payment issue is resolved way. Careful to say, Europe and the United States credit guarantee business has been conducted 80 years. In Europe and the United States, free movement of people, not like China, limited by the accounts, to facilitate daily life, everyone has a unique, life can not be forged and with the credit code, as opposed to credit card spending, the issuing bank to allow holders NPC card overdraft limit, but the cardholder will be required within the specified time to return borrowed money, if a company or individual malicious overdrafts non-payment, that sense of the future will come no matter where he, his credit record This stain will have, whether he wanted to loans to buy a house, car or office, banks will not lend to him, and that the loan is rife in the Western world and its terrible! Therefore, the Westerners in general to his credit as Second Life, who wants to profit loss petty cause, when shopping online, they will click on items directly enter the password, credit card in the electronic money transfer to the site, Business websites to confirm that paragraph immediately after the delivery organization. 　　★ 3. Europe and the United States distribution system quite well, regular, and its large third-party logistics companies in recent years have enabled many users in different regions, often at the click shopping can be received on or own the next day required products. This is to benefit from the United States and Europe in the past century storage and transportation system's development. In the United States, the Second World major stations, many enterprises will be the operation of military logistical support system for model transformation to be applied to the effective flow of goods to the area, and gradually spread throughout the country _set_ up, logistics and distribution network of all-pervasive. Even in e-commerce business has not been extensively carried out ten years ago, as long as customers want to call the goods, almost all can enjoy free domestic shipping services. FedEx, ups (Federal Express package) and other large-scale model of the logistics company, specializing in business for each product to the hands of customers, with such a huge sound distribution system, when the e-commerce era, the United States only the various distribution points to be connected with a computer, that is the logical completion of the traditional distribution over distribution to the age of electronic commerce, e-commerce activities, the most important and most complicated part - logistics and distribution problem is solved so easily. Translated by Google Situation in China 　　The change is profound, but also led to some of the Chinese e-commerce incorrect views the situation. People are accustomed to e-commerce site, especially on some "hot spots" to understand and judge the site e-commerce e-commerce as an important situation or even the only basis. Therefore, some "hot spots" the decline of e-commerce sites, leading to a lot of media and professional e-commerce in China is in a slump, recession or simply never recovered to the judge, many people therefore have great prospects for the development of e-commerce doubts , the advantages of e-commerce began to appear more and more negative, negative views. 　　This is understandable but not the correct view. In fact, the opposite situation with the surface, the Chinese e-commerce is the depth and breadth to the total trend is healthy. It is the main e-commerce vendors, media and e-commerce service providers into enterprise, traditional e-commerce companies are entering the field of large-scale, characterized by strong, effective, but not to attract "attention." Business e-commerce e-commerce in the future to observe and judge the situation in the main view. 　　E-commerce application and development in China's history, there are many very basic problems that need to rethink, for example, what is e-commerce, e-commerce is e-commerce or e-business, e-commerce is the extent, government procurement Operator e-commerce or electronic government, online advertising is not the e-commerce, e-commerce package does not include the erp, how to calculate the amount of e-commerce transactions, and so on. Translated by Google Applications 　　(1) Enterprise - enterprise applications (b to b) 　　General inter-enterprise e-commerce transaction process can be divided into the following four stages. First, pre-trade preparation. This phase mainly refers to the buyers and sellers and all parties involved in the transaction before signing the preparations. Second, trade negotiations and sign contracts. This phase mainly refers to the buyers and sellers to negotiate all the details of the transaction, the result of consultations between the two sides in the form of a document determined, ie, written documents and electronic document form and signed trade contracts. Third, procedures for pre-transaction. This phase mainly refers to the seller and the buyer after signing the contract to perform the contract before the formalities begin the process. Fourth, the trading performance of the contract and claims. 　　(2) business of a consumer application system (b t0 c) 　　In the long term, business to consumer e-commerce will eventually occupy an important position in e-commerce. However, due to various factors, current and relatively long period of time, this level of business has only accounted for relatively small proportion. It is the Internet service provider as the main means to achieve public consumption and to provide services and to ensure the payment method associated with the electronics. It is with the World Wide Web (www) the emergence and rapid development, it can be seen as an electronic retail. At present, over the Internet, all types of commercial centers, from flowers, books to the computer, automobile and other consumer goods and services. 　　The shopping process completely changed the traditional face to face transactions and cold number-crunching and interviews and other shopping, this is a new and very effective way of electronic shopping. Of course, in order to secure enough to e-shopping activities, but also a very effective e-business security systems. 　　(3) Enterprise - Government applications (b to g) 　　(4) Consumer ---- consumer applications (c to c) 　　This application is mainly reflected in the establishment of online stores, now has a lot of re-line trading platform, such as: Taobao, eBay and so on. These transactions provide a platform for many consumers the opportunity to shop online, making more and more people into this system. 　　A survey showed that: to December 2006, Taobao over 3,000 million registered members, annual turnover in 2006 exceeded 16.9 billion, far exceeding the 2005 total amount of China's online shopping market as a whole. According to alexa's evaluation, Taobao is China's most visited e-commerce website, website traffic ranking living in the world's first 22, the Chinese 7th. 　　(5) ---- Professional Managers business application system (b to m) 　　This application is being gradually improving its management, trading and other details. Translated by Google Support environment 　　In addition to traditional support environment of e-commerce business factors, including: 　　★ (1) actually refers to the network information superhighway infrastructure: mainly by the backbone network, MAN, LAN and other components, which allows any networked computer can be connected with the world at any time by the network as a whole. Information may be transmitted through telephone lines, it could be passed by way of radio waves. 　　★ (3) information on web publishing, query, retrieval of the implementation: such as the Amazon online bookstore, in the website catalog and inventory, the site attracted a very considerable number of customers. In addition, a complex web server, can provide a specific query the directory consistent with their personal habits, and its features than any user can do all the registration cards better and more lasting. Translated by Google Practical problems 　　★ 1, the limitations of the network itself 　　A consumer ordered a new online women's backpack, while the quality is good, but not online to see how the Italian style. Reaction of many consumers actually received the goods are not in the fancy goods online. This is how the case? In fact, to reduce the number of a real three-dimensional plane of the picture card into the process, some basic information about the product itself will be lost; entered into the computer's artificial _select_ion of goods is part of the information, people can not get goods from the Internet all the information, in particular, can not be the most distinctive of the goods intuitive impression. 　　★ 2, the search function is not perfect 　　★ 3, the user can not keep up consumer attitudes 　　E-commerce and traditional commerce is a big difference is the way of the transaction the parties do not meet the virtual trading strong, which requires the whole community better credit environment, the concept of credit consumption to be popular. Western countries, the momentum of better e-commerce development, an important reason is that the West is better the market order, a relatively sound credit system, credit consumption concept has been widely accepted. However, in our country, on the one hand people are very weak sense of consumer credit, credit card use is far from universal; the other hand, people are afraid to the mall to buy fake products, not to mention the do not know how far away from their own online? 　　★ 4, can not be guaranteed the security of transactions 　　★ 5, the management has not been standardized e-commerce 　　★ 6, tax issues 　　Tax (including customs duties and taxes) is an important national source of finance. E-commerce transactions because there is no fixed place in the international information network environment, the result difficult to control and collect state taxes on electronic commerce. 　　★ 7, standards 　　The national situation, ways and means of e-commerce transactions, there are some differences of course, but we have to face without borders, global trade, so the need to build e-commerce transactions related to a unified international standard to address interoperability issues e-commerce activities. The current problem is the Chinese e-commerce concept is unclear, do engage in electronic commerce, engage in e-business practice, showing a discrete, unordered, the local state. 　　★ 8, the payment issue 　　As the financial instruments behind the credit system is not perfect, the Chinese people prefer cash transactions, without using a credit card habits. In the United States, less cash, national shopping basically credit card payments, and countries, for financial, taxation, security and other reasons, but also encourage the use of credit card to reduce cash in circulation. Sound financial system, convenient, * and secure means of payment is to b to c the basic conditions for development of electronic commerce. It is obvious that influence the development of electronic commerce is not only a narrow bandwidth, high Internet access costs, lack of qualified personnel and the distribution of the lag, more important reason comes from the credit system is not perfect and the people's living habits. 　　★ 9, distribution problems 　　Distribution is to allow businesses and consumers are very vexed issue. Online consumers often encounter the phenomenon of delay in delivery, and the high cost of distribution. Insiders pointed out, China's lack of systematic, professional, national freight distribution companies, distribution sales organization did not form an efficient, comprehensive distribution management system, which no doubt influenced people's shopping enthusiasm. 　　★ 10, intellectual property issues 　　Caused by the e-commerce legal issues, the protection of intellectual property rights and bear the brunt. The computer network is hosted on information in digital form, so in the field of intellectual property (patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets), the copyright protection is particularly prominent. 　　★ 11, the legal issues of electronic contracts 　　In e-commerce, traditional business transactions has been taken by a written contract no longer applies. On the one hand, there is easy to fabricate electronic contract, it is difficult to prove the authenticity and validity of the problem; on the other hand, the existing law has yet to seal electronic contracts and digital signatures the legal effect of the specification. 　　★ 12, the identification of electronic evidence 　　The information in the information network with instability or volatility, which resulted in violations occur when the information network, lock, or to obtain evidence of infringement evidence of infringement is extremely difficult to resolve infringement disputes brought to the larger obstacles. How to ensure that the information in the network environment, stability, authenticity and validity of e-commerce is an effective solution to an important factor in the infringement. 　　★ 13, other details 　　Finally, the details that some non-standard issues, such as mixed commodity prices now online, the main traded commodity prices, the largest category is 40%; online store services a large geographical differences; online shopping big issue invoices; online store does not vary on the order response time Qi; e-commerce law, all aspects involved in the transaction the rights and obligations has not been a clear and detailed requirements. Translated by Google Certification 　　• E-member National Vocational Qualification (IV) 　　1, apply conditions: 　　Members of e-commerce (one of the following conditions): 　　◇ continuous work in the occupation more than 1 year; 　　◇ intermediate skills with the training objectives of the technical schools and secondary vocational schools in the professional diploma; 　　◇ formal training by the Occupational four hours up to the number of required standards and obtained a certificate. 　　2, e-commerce staff learning objectives 　　(1) the overall objective 　　Through training, the trainees the system master page creation, collection and exchange of business information network, network marketing, electronic transactions, e-commerce security management knowledge; have the use of relevant software to create simple web pages and web positioning the network for collection and exchange of business information , the use of network marketing tools network advertising; with electronic payment, password management, digital certificates and the use of tools such as network security capability to meet the standards of e-commerce practitioner members. 　　(2) theory of knowledge learning requirements 　　Basis of "national occupational standards for e-commerce division," members of e-business requirements, through training, so trainees to grasp and web-related hyperlinks, images graphics, tables, frames, web design, knowledge, master browser, email, bbs , file compression, and other network tools, master mailing list, bulk mail, Internet communication etiquette, online advertising, online advertising and other knowledge, master online registration, document design, online shopping, concept and classification of electronic money, e-payment e-banking concepts such as knowledge, master password management, information storage, digital certificates, secure e-mail, virus protection, firewall concepts and other knowledge. 　　3, skills, operational requirements 　　Basis of "national occupational standards for e-commerce division," members of e-business requirements, through training, so trainees basic skills to master e-business members can use conventional web authoring tools correctly input text object, into the horizon, images and other elements that can the hyperlink _set_tings, with tables for page layout and increase the page-level, with the framework of the web pages, use the network to collect information retrieval and classification tools, e-mail exchange of business information, log on to your site to search engines, and other sites link exchange operations, the use of technology, permission marketing email list, bulk mail software technology with network marketing. 　　* E-commerce division, Assistant National Vocational Qualification (III) 　　1, entry requirements: 　　Assistant e-commerce division reporting conditions (one of the following conditions): 　　◇ In the 6 years of continuous occupation; 　　◇ High skills training with the goal of advanced technical schools, colleges and technicians of the Diploma in Vocational and Technical College; 　　◇ made four professional qualifications of the professional certificate, engaged in this occupation for 4 consecutive years; 　　◇ made four professional qualification of the professional certificate, engaged in this occupation for 3 consecutive years, after the formal training of professional three hours the number of required standards and obtain a certificate; 　　◇ with the professional college diploma or above; 　　◇ with non-professional college diploma or more consecutive years in the professional work of a meteorite hope? / Font> 　　◇ with non-professional college diploma or above, three levels of formal training by the professional standards of the provisions of several hours, and e-commerce division to obtain closure of the Assistant learning objectives. 　　2, the overall goal 　　Through training, the trainees can carry out web production, collection and exchange of business information network, network marketing, electronic transactions, logistics information management, network management, procurement and operation of e-commerce security, e-commerce division to assistant practitioner standards. 　　3, the theoretical knowledge required to learn 　　4, skills, operational requirements 　　Basis of "national occupational standards for e-commerce division," Assistant e-commerce division requirements, through training, so trainees can be made using the html language tags for page layout, text and table _set_tings to _set_, to create dynamic web pages, to edit the map using the software tools like and be able to use video and audio web page elements can be used to download the files and file transfer tools to send and receive documents, analyze and process business information and its storage and maintenance, to write a research proposal and report to develop a simple website Programme, the processing of orders and the drafting of the necessary electronic contracts, can collect business information, preparation of the introduction of processes and products online shop e-commerce security management. 　　* E-commerce division national vocational qualification (secondary) 　　1, entry requirements: 　　E-Commerce Division (national vocational qualification secondary) reporting conditions (one of the following conditions): 　　◇ continuous work in the career of 13 years; 　　◇ obtain the professional qualification certificate of professional levels, continuously engaged in the work of more than 5 years of the occupation; 　　◇ obtain the professional qualification certificate of professional levels, continuously engaged in the work of more than 4 years of the occupation, after the formal training of vocational secondary number of hours required standards and obtain a certificate; 　　◇ Bachelor degree with the achieved levels of the professional vocational qualification certificate, engaged in this occupation for 4 consecutive years; 　　◇ Bachelor degree with the achieved levels of the professional vocational qualification certificate, engaged in this occupation for 3 continuous years, formal training by the Occupational two hours up to the required standard number, and obtain a certificate; 　　◇ with non-professional bachelor's degree, obtain the professional qualification certificate of professional levels, continuously engaged in the work of more than 4 years of the occupation, after the formal training of vocational secondary number of hours required standards and obtain a certificate; 　　◇ has a master's degree or above, continuously engaged in the work of more than 1 year of the occupation; 　　2, e-commerce division learning objectives 　　(1) the overall objective 　　Training to master planning and construction of e-commerce systems, e-commerce systems management, e-commerce system operators, the knowledge of e-commerce website evaluation; with the feasibility of e-commerce systems analysis and design, e-commerce platform construction management, operation and management of e-commerce systems, e-commerce capacity building and application of assessment, in e-commerce work of the senior skilled personnel. 　　(2) theory of knowledge learning requirements 　　Basis of "national occupational standards for e-commerce division," e-commerce division, by means of training, the trainees to grasp the overall project design and functional analysis, enterprise information technology, systems integration and project management, business website building, e-commerce system security and transaction security, logistics, program model design, business web site evaluation knowledge. 　　(3) Skills operating requirements 　　Basis of "national occupational standards for e-commerce division," e-commerce division, by means of training, the trainees according to the overall planning of e-commerce system needs to carry out research, feasibility analysis for business websites and write a feasibility report, to conduct a business website The functional design and overall planning, management, to conduct systematic analysis of operational safety and security processing transaction data, to function on commercial websites, content, implementation of the evaluation. Translated by Google Applications 　　(1) Enterprise - enterprise applications (b to b) 　　General inter-enterprise e-commerce transaction process can be divided into the following four stages. First, pre-trade preparation. This phase mainly refers to the buyers and sellers and all parties involved in the transaction before signing the preparations. Second, trade negotiations and sign contracts. This phase mainly refers to the buyers and sellers to negotiate all the details of the transaction, the result of consultations between the two sides in the form of a document determined, ie, written documents and electronic document form and signed trade contracts. Third, procedures for pre-transaction. This phase mainly refers to the seller and the buyer after signing the contract to perform the contract before the formalities begin the process. Fourth, the trading performance of the contract and claims. 　　(2) business of a consumer application system (b t0 c) 　　In the long term, business to consumer e-commerce will eventually occupy an important position in e-commerce. However, due to various factors, current and relatively long period of time, this level of business has only accounted for relatively small proportion. It is the Internet service provider as the main means to achieve public consumption and to provide services and to ensure the payment method associated with the electronics. It is with the World Wide Web (www) the emergence and rapid development, it can be seen as an electronic retail. At present, over the Internet, all types of commercial centers, from flowers, books to the computer, automobile and other consumer goods and services. 　　The shopping process completely changed the traditional face to face transactions and cold number-crunching and interviews and other shopping, this is a new and very effective way of electronic shopping. Of course, in order to secure enough to e-shopping activities, but also a very effective e-business security systems. 　　(3) Enterprise - Government applications (b to g) 　　(4) Consumer ---- consumer applications (c to c) 　　This application is mainly reflected in the establishment of online stores, now has a lot of re-line trading platform, such as: Taobao, eBay and so on. These transactions provide a platform for many consumers the opportunity to shop online, making more and more people into this system. 　　A survey showed that: to December 2006, Taobao over 3,000 million registered members, annual turnover in 2006 exceeded 16.9 billion, far exceeding the 2005 total amount of China's online shopping market as a whole. According to alexa's evaluation, Taobao is China's most visited e-commerce website, website traffic ranking living in the world's first 22, the Chinese 7th. 　　(5) ---- Professional Managers business application system (b to m) 　　This application is being gradually improving its management, trading and other details. b2m, compared with the traditional e-commerce has made a huge improvement, in addition to the face of user groups is essentially different from outside, b2m features with a larger advantage: the development of e-commerce line! Above three features of traditional e-commerce: goods or services to buyers and sellers can only be users, and b2m model can goods and services on the network went a full line of information, companies publish information, the manager received business information, products or services and will be available to all people, whether online or offline. 　　The Chinese market, for example, traditional e-commerce sites face the 140 million Internet users, and b2m face is 1.4 billion Chinese citizens. Translated by Google Basic concept 　　E-commerce, English is the Electronic Commerce, referred to as the EC. E-commerce usually refers to a wide range of business around the world trade, in the Internet an open network environment, based on browser / server applications ways, both buyers and sellers are not met various business activities, to achieve the consumer online shopping, online transactions between merchants and online electronic payment and a variety of business activities, trading activities, financial activities and activities related to integrated services a new business model. "China Internet Marketing Network" Tinlu related articles that cover a wide range of e-commerce in general can be divided into business to business (Business-to-Business), or business to consumer (Business-to-Customer) two. There are also consumer to consumer (Customer-to-Customer) This step growth mode. With the increase in the number of domestic Internet use, the use of Internet for online shopping and bank card payments gradually popular consumption patterns, market share is growing rapidly, e-commerce sites are endless. The most common e-commerce security with SSL and _SET_ both. 　　SSL (Secure Socket Layer) _SET_ (Secure Electronic Transaction Protocol) e-commerce definition: 　　First, e-commerce into e-commerce broad and narrow. Broad definition of e-commerce, using a variety of electronic tools in the business or activities. These tools range from elementary telegraph, telephone, radio, television, fax machine, computer network, to the NII (National Information Infrastructure - Information Highway), GII (Global Information Infrastructure) and the Internet and other modern systems. The business activities of goods from the pan (physical and non physical, non-commercial goods and production factors, etc.) activities to the needs of the Pan-commodity reasonable and legal consumption of a typical production process is to remove all the activities. Narrowly defined as e-commerce, the main use of Internet in business or activities. 　　E-commerce is in technology, economy is highly developed modern society, access to information technology and business rules of the people, systematic use of electronic tools, high efficiency, low-cost commodity exchange as the center engaged in various activities in general. This analysis highlights the premise of e-commerce, center, focus, purpose and standards, that it should reach the level and effectiveness, it is a more stringent e-commerce and the definition of the requirements of the times, it is from the system point of view, emphasized in the center of the system, the environment and people, people and tools, man and organically linked to the object of labor, with the objective of the system, the system to define the composition of e-commerce, making it productive in nature. Translated by Google Classification 　　B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M, M2C, B2A (ie B2G), C2A (ie C2G) seven types of e-business models and so on. 　　B2B = Business to Business. 　　B2C = Business to Customer 　　B2C mode is the mode of the first generation of e-commerce, online store to 8848 marked the official carrier. The first is: 　　Integrated mall: Taobao online Tianhe City, Grandview Plaza 　　The online store, popular enough in the product rich, convenient case of logistics, the cost advantage, the clock never sleeps, no regional restrictions, more extensive product and so on edge, and embodies the comprehensive mall will soon be trading online a role in the market. 　　This is the area under the mall divided by line, each large city there are always three to five large mall. The Internet in this area, but also doomed thirty-five dominance comprehensive mall, is now a dominant Taobao embarrassing situation. In fact, there is a similar pat / eBay / a ah, but very different, and even have been reluctant to mention. 　　The second: 　　Specific integrated: Race V Network 　　Third: 　　Department stores: Amazon Wal-Mart Online Excellence Dangdang 　　Store, the shop that shows only one seller; and department stores, which is to meet daily consumption needs of the rich product line. This store has its own warehouse will stock products, to prepare the logistics and distribution and faster customer service. The store even has its own brand. Like the line under the Wal-Mart, Watsons, PARKnSHOP department. 　　According to this model is the most concern when the number of the Amazon, a lot of industry friends, laughing, into the electricity supplier to the industry, the first of the Amazon, to do electronic business industry, to get rid of the Amazon, that is their professional and scale, so that you both love, and Duhen it. And here I give Dangdang excellence is admired almost no money to do a decade companies have also insisted, despite claims to the Amazon in 2004 of 1.5 billion acquisition of claims rejected Dangdang, half the price after the acquisition of excellence. This is the capital of the operational level or strategic, we can only say that operate both sites Zhu Er, capital operation ability is good. 　　Dangdang, excellence that exists in the online store, how many users? 　　Because each of which has inventory, distribution and other environmental differences, each platform will give their different elements, that is a brand effect. With the brand, in fact, this model is more than the shop, not only thirty-five, can be a factor. Consumers may experience because of one, the smaller the price differential, or a bad shopping experience, and so will choose to try another home possible. 　　Which have tried to store shops Dangdang excellent model, but more failures, but there are signs of want to store into. 　　Fourth: 　　Vertical Store: Red Mecoxlane gifted children songs networks online Jingdong Citistore, the United States 360 Mall, laughing purchase network 　　Vertical shops and services in certain people or a particular need or needs in this area to provide comprehensive products and services to reflect more professional. 　　If Mecoxlane located in groups of young women aged 18-25 no-store sales of the carrier, although started is to use DM, slowly back to the shop tendencies. 　　Red when the child started to cut maternal and child market 　　Such as Jingdong, do online the United States, specializes in sales of electrical / 3C products 　　This store there are more product similarity, or are to meet in a crowd, or to meet certain needs in, or that some kind of platform (such as electrical appliances). 　　Vertical shops, how many exist in the Internet have it? It depends on market segmentation. _Set_ the type of breakdown is X, then X is three to five times, because each area where there thirty-five competition, and though everyone said the Internet is no second child, but it is not the case, although the second child live very hard, but also hardships, strong and alive. And also because of competition with a good, the promotion of the service improved. 　　Here we find a phenomenon, such as the above example Jingdong, red kids, to look at the recent moves have begun to expand product lines, such as red to the original maternal child market, expanded to a family as a unit of the shopping platform ; such as Jingdong through low-cost electrical / 3C products to attract a large number of buyers, and then enrich the product line, add / recommend a bigger profit margin products in order to seek profit. Obviously, they are in the transition to the general store. The other phenomenon, like McCaw forest, excellent song net vertical segments such store for the people is to own a brand trend. 　　Fifth: 　　Composite brand stores: Belle Giordano 　　Giordano is a traditional clothing brand, they have N directly under, stores. Grandview Mall opened, Giordano entered, and online Taobao Mall opened, the line went in Giordano. And even all of the mall are drained, Giordano also has its own independent image of the store, which is a traditional brand. When consumers Giordano found online and offline consumers is different, they made a bold operation of different prices, and its sound management of the network storage to deploy a better grasp of the sales and cash flow the operation of the circulation of goods. 　　Like Belle, the line has nearly 8,000 stores, according to announcement made in 2008 to 160 billion market. Current into the network, it is a bold attempt, line styles or brands have a certain segment, but also a lot of production, because, how Xianshang might purchase large amounts, and that kind of good store to clear 8000 inventory of the exports. 200,000 sales per store on two-lane over twenty pairs solved. 　　Like this place, with the e-commerce matures, more and more brands to join the traditional power business field, in order to seize new markets and expand the new channels and optimize the product and channel resources to target, a wave of momentum into the restless wantonly . 　　This shop there? Line how many, how many will be online. And this includes the States United States, are of composite shop, but the intensity of integration is not enough, pattern of immature, we do not mention. 　　Sixth: 　　Bazaar stores PPG VANCL Dream Light 　　PPG and has hit the street VANCL cases, although there are many controversial, but new things are always generated controversy. The Dream Bazaar here to join for two reasons, first, YES PPG have been many media wreck, VANCL also rumors about transformation into an integrated mall. Bazaar is a dream start with DM for delivery + network + CALL Centre, and then do the image of the line stores. It is said that sales of 6 million a month. Is also a representative of concern. 　　China is a producing country, N number of foundries, mature industry chain is sufficient to meet production needs, while China is making money, profits are a premium product, rather than the profit premium brands (such as China's MP3, ten dollars in the making profits earned by U.S. APPLE is ten dollars more than the profit), ripening in the environment, the do not necessarily need a brand has is they have a factory, on the contrary, with the days of independence, China has the advantage of thick, brands can be more dedicated to provide personalized, more delicate products to meet the needs of audience groups, based on brand positioning, enhance product design, through the application of information technology to meet the increasingly sophisticated Internet marketing platform, as well as the improving logistics and distribution services, etc. the whole chain of increasingly refined and improved, making their own brands to focus on doing good things, but other things are outsourced, with the best raw material providers, manufacturers to find the best, look for the effective promotion of high efficiency sources, strong strongly bound, your advantage will be emergent head. Looking back, the world's top brands who do not also do so? 　　Light of the stores is feasible, the key is not confused themselves, identify their core competitiveness, the other for more people to bear. And now, again thinking about doing what is their own bosses, but also need to rethink, and do not let yourself stumble. 　　Speaking in front of Bazaar has opened a dream of several physical store, even from the sale of underwear and expand the product line to all aspects of female consumers. This also shows that light of the shop are also being converted to the compound. Meanwhile, back, light the stores, traditional stores will provoke a melee, no one could win, but always refused to accept other people to lose the advantages of the enterprise. 　　Seventh 　　Shop Easy U.S. service may also 　　Easy Beauty is an online printing company, for example, Wang married, with his wife to Europe on their honeymoon, took a lot of photos, however, has not returned home, relatives and friends have got the United States Wang and easy online printing through the good Photos, photos, some embedded in the bone china cups, and some by their own will, binding a beautiful frame, is placed in front of the house Mom and Dad. 　　May also purchasing, purchased all over the world. Yes, all over the world can help you to buy the products you want, and to collect the right amount of service fee profit. 　　Shop more and more service-oriented, are designed to meet the individual needs of different people, even queuing up to buy the film to help you sell, there are people trading, is looking forward to see more services in the form of the shop. 　　Eighth 　　Online shopping guide engine type that love than the net 98 　　Than the faithful can be friends here to share the product experience than the reviews, than the faithful are also keen to tell their own experience of the used products to more than friends. 　　As the upper reaches of B2C business, they bring customers to the merchant, is based on the perspective of consumers to do the service, this is the king. Love than the network operators to become an effective flow of electronic procurement platform and b2c businesses to reduce their high-quality marketing costs. 　　C2C = Consumer to Consumer 　　C2C with B2B, B2C, as is one of several models of e-commerce. The difference is that C2C is a user of the user's mode, C2C is a business platform for buyers and sellers by providing an online trading platform, so that the seller can take the initiative to provide goods online auction, the buyer can choose to bid on goods. Typical is Baidu C2C C2C, Taobao, pat net. 　　B2M = Business to Manager 　　B2M is relative to the B2B, B2C, C2C e-commerce model is concerned, is a new e-commerce model. E relative to which all three are essentially different, the fundamental difference is the different nature of target audience, the first three of the target audience is there as a consumer's identity, and B2M against customer base is the product of the enterprise or the sellers or their workers, rather than the final consumer. 　　Enterprise network platform release of the company's products or services obtained through the network of professional managers of the company's products or services information, and provide products for sale or supply of business services, business services manager to achieve through the sale of products or access to services purposes. Professional managers to provide services through a commission. 　　B2M, compared with traditional e-commerce has made a huge improvement, in addition to the face of user groups is essentially different from outside, B2M has a larger feature advantages: the development of e-commerce line! Above three features of traditional e-commerce: goods or services to buyers and sellers can only be users, and B2M model can goods and services on the network went a full line of information, companies publish information, the manager received business information, products or services and will be available to all people, whether online or offline. In fact, B2M is essentially a proxy mode. 　　Business to Marketing 　　E-commerce businesses for marketing (or e-commerce e-commerce companies is an important marketing channel for companies). B2M e-commerce company based on customer demand as the core and build the marketing type site, and through multiple channels, online and offline promotion of the site, extensive shopping guide, and standardized management, making the site as an important marketing channel for enterprises. 　　M2C = Manager to Consumer 　　M2C is a model for e-commerce in the emergence of B2M extension of the concept. B2M session, enterprise network platform release of the company's products or services obtained through the network of professional managers of the company's products or services information, and provide products for sale or supply of business services, business services by managers to meet sales The purpose of the product or access to services. In M2C session, managers will face the Consumer, the ultimate consumers. 　　M2C is an extension of B2M, B2M this new e-commerce model is an indispensable part of a follow-up development. Managers ultimately want to sell products to final consumers, and that there is also a large part of the form through e-commerce, similar to C2C, but not exactly the same. C2C is the traditional profit model, make basic difference is the price of goods entering and leaving. The M2C's profit model is a rich, flexible and more that can be spread, it can be commission. M2C's logistics management and can also be more than C2C diversity, such as zero inventory; cash flow has also more advantages than traditional C2C. 　　E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three areas: information services, transactions and payments. The main contents include: E-Trade ad; electronic purchasing and trading, electronic trading exchange certificate; electronic payment and _set_tlement and the sale of online services. The main types of transactions are business and personal transactions (B to C mode) and the transactions between enterprises (B to B mode) two. There are four types of entities involved in electronic commerce: the customer (individual consumer or enterprise groups), business (including distributors, manufacturers, storage and transportation providers), banks (including the issuer, acquirer) and Certification Center. 　　From the point of view of trade, e-commerce can be achieved in a number of areas, which can also be e-commerce is divided into two levels, lower levels of e-commerce such as e-Business, electronic commerce, electronic contracts, etc.; the most complete is The most advanced e-commerce should be carried out using INTENET network to all the trading activities that the Internet will be information flow, business flow, capital flow and logistics part of the full realization, that is, you can search for customers, has been to negotiation, ordering, online payment (income) shall be open, according to the electronic customs declaration as well as electronic invoicing, electronic tax payment at one go through the INTERNET. 　　To achieve a complete e-commerce also involves many aspects, in addition to buyers and sellers, but also with banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions to join Caixing. As the parties involved in electronic commerce are not met each other physically, so the entire e-commerce process is not a replica of the physical world, business, online banking, online electronic payment and other conditions and data encryption, electronic signatures and other technologies in e-commerce indispensable to play an important role. 　　There are also two types: 　　B2A = Business to Administration (ie, B2G = Business to Government) 　　Commercial e-commerce on the executive, referring to corporate and government e-commerce activities between agencies. For example, the details of the Government Procurement published in the Internet, through online auction, tender, companies have to tender by electronic means. 　　This approach is currently still in the initial pilot phase, but may be developed very quickly, because the Government can establish the image of the government in this way, through the exemplary role in promoting e-business. In addition, the government can implement this type of e-business management of the administrative things, such as government import and export licenses issued by way of e-commerce, to carry out statistical work, businesses can apply through the Internet and other taxes and tax rebates. 　　Golden Customs project is China's business sector through e-commerce administrative agencies, such as issuing export licenses for export tax rebates, electronic customs declaration, the establishment of China's foreign trade as the leading e-commerce framework, and promote various types of e-commerce in China activities. 　　C2A = Consumer to Administration (ie C2G = Consumer to Government) 　　Consumer e-commerce executive, referring to the individual e-government activities. E-commerce activities such has not really formed. However, in individual countries, such as in Australia, the government's tax authorities have been designated by the private tax, or financial accounting firm to use the electronic tax returns for individuals. Although such activities have not reached the real returns electronically, but it already has a consumer e-commerce administration shape. 　　Government as Business to Consumer, commercial organizations the development of e-commerce executive will be the implementation of the community of individuals more comprehensive electronic services. The taxpayer to the government departments of social services provided, such as social welfare payments, etc., will remain on the web. Translated by Google Situation in China 　　The rapid development of Chinese e-commerce, e-commerce transactions in 2007 amounted to the country 2.17 trillion yuan, up 90% over the previous year. The rapid development of China's Internet shopping, by the end of June 2008, the number of online shopping to reach 63.29 million users within six months increased 36.4%. As of December 2008, an e-commerce site's overall coverage has grown from 90 million users increased to 98 million. 　　Government and the Internet Society of China also attaches great importance to commerce, such as the Internet Society of China organized a nationwide network of Business Innovation Application Contest Students 　　Behavior of SMEs in e-commerce has been in an awkward situation, because of the narrow channels of information exchange, financial security can not protect online transactions, the higher operating costs and other issues of constraints, can not effectively promote the development of the industry. This phenomenon has been the concern of a large portal sites, many large portals stand and move, trying to reclaim this piece of SME e-commerce has not developed the "virgin land." Translated by Google E-commerce success factors 　　In many cases, an e-commerce company survive, not just on their own products, but also has a capable management team, a good pre-sales services, well-organized business structure, and a secure network infrastructure, design Good sites, these factors include: 　　Adequate market research and analysis. Need to have a viable e-commerce business plan and comply with the basic principles of supply and demand. Failure in the field of electronic commerce and other business areas are often the same, the lack of understanding of the basic principles of business. 　　A good strategy to be armed with information technology management team. A company's information strategy needs to be a part of business process reengineering. 　　Provide customers with a convenient and secure transactions. Credit cards are the most common means of payment on the Internet, about 90% of all online payment credit card manner. In the past, the encrypted credit card number information through independent third-party payment gateway between the customer and the merchant to pass, and now the majority of small businesses and individual enterprises or so. Today most of the larger of the two companies directly on the site with commercial banks or credit card companies to process credit card transactions between the agreement. 　　Provide high reliability and security of transactions. For example, use of parallel computing, hardware redundancy, failure handling, information encryption, and network firewall technology to achieve this demand. 　　Provide 360-degree view of customer relationship, namely to ensure both the company and the employees, suppliers, partners, customers can obtain complete and consistent view, rather than being _select_ed or filtered information obtained. Because customers are not in authoritarianism (Big Brother) to monitor the feeling of a good evaluation. 　　Build a business model. If the textbook in 2000, so a lot of ". Com" companies may go bankrupt. 　　Design an e-commerce value chain, concerned about the limited number of core competencies, rather than a one-stop-shop solution. If the right programming, the network can store the characteristics of a professional or general get one of them. 　　Operation of the cutting edge or as close to the most cutting-edge technology, and closely follow the changes in technology. (But need to remember the basic rules of business and technology is quite different from the basic rules, not on the same business model in fashion) 　　A sensitive and agile enough to the organization, timely response to the economic, social and environmental for any changes. 　　Provide a sufficiently attractive website. Tasteful use of color, graphics, animation, photos, fonts, and have enough blank space to achieve this goal. 　　Smooth business processes, through process reengineering and information technology to get. 　　Provide goods and services can fully understand the information, not just all there is a reliable product information and _select_ion of proposals recommended by the consultants. 　　Naturally, e-commerce providers to meet a universal principle of the industry, for example, guarantee the quality and availability of goods, logistics, reliability, and timely and effective handling of customer complaints. In the network environment, there is a unique feature, customers can get far more than the traditional "brick + cement" in a business environment on business 　　A successful e-commerce organization must provide a satisfactory but both meaningful experience for customers. By various factors that constitute the customer first, including the following: 　　Provide additional benefits to customers: E-Vendor To do this, can provide the product or its product line to a lower price to attract potential customers, such as traditional business the same. 　　Provide quality service: to provide an interactive and easy to use and places to buy experience, and as traditional retailers, like, have helped to some extent to achieve the above objectives. To encourage customers to come back to buy. Can make use of gifts or promotional coupons, offers and discounts. Can also be connected to other related sites to each other and advertising alliances. 　　Provision of personal services: personal website, purchase suggestions, and personal and special offers ways to help increase interaction, user-friendly to replace the traditional way of selling. 　　Providing community awareness: you can chat rooms, discussion boards, and some customer loyalty programs (also known as affinity programs) are all providing a sense of community will certainly help. 　　Our customers with comprehensive experience: provide electronic personal service, based on customer preferences, to provide individual service to the customer experience with a difference, experience, could become the company's unique selling point, and brands. 　　Self-help approach: to provide self-service Web site, ease of use and do not help the environment, have some help. Including all product information, cross-marketing information, consulting replacement products, supplies and accessories _select_ion. 　　Provide all kinds of information: such as personal electronic address book, online shopping. Through a wealth of comparative information and good search facilities, to provide information and component safety, health comment to the customer. E-services can help individuals to identify more potential customers. 　　】 【Applications 　　(1) Enterprise - enterprise applications (B to B) 　　General inter-enterprise e-commerce transaction process can be divided into the following four stages. First, pre-trade preparation. This phase mainly refers to the buyers and sellers and all parties involved in the transaction before signing the preparations. Second, trade negotiations and sign contracts. This phase mainly refers to the buyers and sellers to negotiate all the details of the transaction, the result of consultations between the two sides in the form of a document determined, ie, written documents and electronic document form and signed trade contracts. Third, procedures for pre-transaction. This phase mainly refers to the seller and the buyer after signing the contract to perform the contract before the formalities begin the process. Fourth, the trading performance of the contract and claims. 　　(2) business application systems for a consumer (B to C) 　　In the long term, business to consumer e-commerce will eventually occupy an important position in e-commerce. However, due to various factors, current and relatively long period of time, this level of business has only accounted for relatively small proportion. It is the Internet service provider as the main means to achieve public consumption and to provide services and to ensure the payment method associated with the electronics. It is with the World Wide Web (WWW) the emergence and rapid development, and can be viewed as a electronic retail. At present, over the Internet, all types of commercial centers, from flowers, books to the computer, automobile and other consumer goods and services. 　　The shopping process completely changed the traditional face to face transactions and cold number-crunching and interviews shopping, this is a new and very effective way of electronic shopping. Of course, in order to secure enough to e-shopping activities, but also a very effective e-business security systems. 　　(3) Business - The government application systems (B to G) 　　(4) Consumer ---- consumer applications (C to C) 　　This application is mainly reflected in the establishment of online stores, now has a lot of re-line trading platform, such as: Taobao, eBay and so on. These transactions provide a platform for many consumers the opportunity to shop online, making more and more people into this system. 　　A survey showed that: to December 2006, Taobao over 3,000 million registered members, annual turnover in 2006 exceeded 16.9 billion, far exceeding the 2005 total amount of China's online shopping market as a whole. According to Alexa, evaluation, Taobao is China's most visited e-commerce website, website traffic ranking living in the world's first 22, the Chinese 7th. 　　(5) ---- Professional Managers business application systems (B to M) 　　This application is being gradually improving its management, trading and other details. B2M, compared with traditional e-commerce has made a huge improvement, in addition to the face of user groups is essentially different from outside, B2M has a larger feature advantages: the development of e-commerce line! Above three features of traditional e-commerce: goods or services to buyers and sellers can only be users, and B2M model can goods and services on the network went a full line of information, companies publish information, the manager received business information, products or services and will be available to all people, whether online or offline. 　　The Chinese market, for example, traditional e-commerce sites face the 140 million Internet users, and B2M was the face of China's 1.4 billion citizens. Translated by Google Practical problems 　　★ 1, the limitations of the network itself 　　A consumer ordered a new online women's backpack, while the quality is good, but not online to see how the Italian style. Reaction of many consumers actually received the goods are not in the fancy goods online. This is how the case? In fact, to reduce the number of a real three-dimensional plane of the picture card into the process, some basic information about the product itself will be lost; entered into the computer's artificial _select_ion of goods is part of the information, people can not get goods from the Internet all the information, in particular, can not be the most distinctive of the goods intuitive impression. 　　★ 2, the search function is not perfect 　　★ 3, can not be guaranteed the security of transactions 　　★ 4, the management is not sufficiently standardized e-commerce 　　★ 5, tax issues 　　Tax (including customs duties and taxes) is an important national source of finance. E-commerce transactions because there is no fixed place in the international information network environment, the result difficult to control and collect state taxes on electronic commerce. 　　★ 6, standards 　　The national situation, ways and means of e-commerce transactions, there are some differences of course, but we have to face without borders, global trade, so the need to build e-commerce transactions related to a unified international standard to address interoperability issues e-commerce activities. The current problem is the Chinese e-commerce concept is unclear, do engage in electronic commerce, engage in e-business practice, showing a discrete, unordered, the local state. 　　★ 7, distribution problems 　　Distribution is to allow businesses and consumers are very vexed issue. Online consumers often encounter the phenomenon of delay in delivery, and the high cost of distribution. Insiders pointed out, China's lack of systematic, professional, national freight distribution companies, distribution sales organization did not form an efficient, comprehensive distribution management system, which no doubt influenced people's shopping enthusiasm. 　　★ 8, intellectual property issues 　　Caused by the e-commerce legal issues, the protection of intellectual property rights and bear the brunt. The computer network is hosted on information in digital form, so in the field of intellectual property (patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets), the copyright protection is particularly prominent. 　　★ 9, the legal issues of electronic contracts 　　In e-commerce, traditional business transactions has been taken by a written contract no longer applies. On the one hand, there is easy to fabricate electronic contract, it is difficult to prove the authenticity and validity of the problem; on the other hand, the existing law has yet to seal electronic contracts and digital signatures the legal effect of the specification. 　　★ 10, the identification of electronic evidence 　　The information in the information network with instability or volatility, which resulted in violations occur when the information network, lock, or to obtain evidence of infringement evidence of infringement is extremely difficult to resolve infringement disputes brought to the larger obstacles. How to ensure that the information in the network environment, stability, authenticity and validity of e-commerce is an effective solution to an important factor in the infringement. 　　★ 11, other details 　　Finally, the details that some non-standard issues, such as mixed commodity prices now online, the main traded commodity prices, the largest category is 40%; online store services a large geographical differences; online shopping big issue invoices; online store does not vary on the order response time Qi; e-commerce law, all aspects involved in the transaction the rights and obligations has not been a clear and detailed requirements. 　　★ 12, standards Translated by Google The role of e-commerce 　　1, e-commerce business processes of traditional electronic, digital, on the one hand to replace the actual electron flow logistics, to a significant reduction in manpower, material resources, reduce the cost; the other hand, breakthrough time and space constraints, making the trading activities can at any time, any place, thus greatly improving efficiency. 　　2. E-commerce with the openness and global features for enterprises to create more trade opportunities. 　　3. E-commerce enables businesses to cost close to enter the global electronic market, enabling SMEs and large enterprises may have the same information resources, improve the competitiveness of SMEs. 　　4. Dianzaishangwu redefines the traditional circulation model, to reduce intermediate links, making the producers and consumers directly deal possible, which to some extent, changed the entire social economy operates. 　　5. E-commerce on the one hand break the barriers of time and space, on the other hand provides a wealth of information resources for various socio-economic elements of reorganization provides a more probable, it will affect the social and economic layout and structure. 　　E-commerce is the development of modern logistics contributed: 　　1 e-commerce development of modern logistics industry plays a vital role in the emergence and rise of e-commerce of modern logistics industry development and operation of logistics enterprises had a profound impact: 1.1 e-commerce logistics company provides a good the operation of the platform, a significant reduction in total social transaction costs. 1.2 E-commerce has greatly facilitated the collection and transmission of logistics information 　　2 e-commerce development of modern logistics industry, the impact of information technology 2.2 2.1 2.3 Network Automation 2.4 2.5 Flexible intelligent 　　3 e-commerce to promote the development trend of modern logistics function of 3.1 - 3.2 the direction of the logistics industry leading service - the pursuit of Logistics Information 3.3 - the only way for the modern logistics industry 　　E-government is also in the context of e-commerce developed: 　　In summary, the role of e-commerce can be divided into direct effects and indirect effects of two parts. 　　The direct effect of e-commerce are: 　　First, the extreme cost saving business, especially in business communication and saving the cost of non-physical transactions; 　　Second, the greatly improved business efficiency, in particular, a vast but the trading rules to improve the business efficiency of the same; 　　Third; is conducive to business (economic) macro, meso and micro adjustment adjustment can be government, market and business and individuals to link up to the "visible hand" and the "invisible hand" link can overcome "government failure" can overcome "market failure", both for government services but also for business and personal services. 　　Indirect effects of e-commerce are: 　　First, the promotion of the national economy and the world economy more efficient, technology and coordination of conservation; 　　Second, bring a large number of new products (things) industry, such as: information industry, knowledge industry and education, etc.; 　　Third; the best use and protecting the environment is conducive to the sustainable development of human society. As a business process, e-commerce will bring an unprecedented revolution. 　　The economic impact on society will be far more than business itself, in addition to these effects, it will employment, legal system and culture and education have a huge impact. E-commerce into the information society will be truly human. Translated by Google Internet marketing and e-commerce 　　From the time of speaking, e-commerce earlier than the emergence of the concept of network marketing. 　　E-commerce originated in the last century 60's, 90's development has been made. E-commerce and development is mainly important condition: the extensive application of computers. With the network marketing is the development of modern science and technology, changes in consumer values ​​and objectives increasingly fierce market competition, and many other factors emerged and the rapid rise of network marketing is the most important conditions for development: changes in consumer values. 　　From the literal sense, the concept of network marketing than the big e-commerce. 　　E-commerce usually refers to a broad range of commercial trade activities, the Internet an open network environment, buyers and sellers are not met in the case of the phase, the transaction reached a new business model, emphasis is on the network sales obtain commercial profit. Internet Marketing (cyber marketing), is the use of online networks, computer communications and digital interactive media to achieve a marketing approach, emphasis on the interaction with the target population's network. 　　It contains all the system from the network is cross-marketing and e-commerce presence. 　　Cover a wide range of e-commerce in general can be divided into B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M four e-commerce model. Including business to business (Business-to-Business), and business to consumer (Business-to-Consumer) the development of the first two, plus consumer to consumer (Consumer-to-Consumer) This big growth mode. Internet marketing includes online research, online advertising, online public relations, integrated marketing, seo, sem and other content, each content can be applied alone or integrated into the e-commerce to go. The same can not be separated from these e-commerce network marketing. 　　Therefore, from this level, it is a form of e-commerce, Internet marketing is the means. 　　Advantages of e-commerce】 【★ 1. E-commerce business processes of traditional electronic, digital, on the one hand to replace the actual electron flow logistics, can significantly reduce human and material resources, reduce costs; on the other hand broke through time and space restrictions, making the transactions at any time, any place, thereby greatly improving the efficiency. 　　★ 2. E-commerce with the openness and global features for enterprises to create more trade opportunities. 　　★ 3. E-commerce enables businesses to cost close to enter the global electronic market, enabling SMEs and large enterprises may have the same information resources, improve the competitiveness of SMEs. 　　★ 4. Dianzaishangwu redefine the traditional circulation model, reduction of intermediate links, make direct transactions of producers and consumers as possible, to a certain extent, changed the entire social economy operates. 　　★ 5. E-commerce on the one hand break the barriers of time and space, on the other hand provides a wealth of information resources for various socio-economic elements of reorganization provides a more probable, it will affect the layout and structure of the social and economic . 　　★ 6. Interactivity: through the Internet, businesses can be directly between the communication, negotiation, contract, consumers can also be reflected in their feedback suggested the site enterprises or businesses, and enterprises or businesses will have to based on consumer feedback in a timely manner product range and service quality survey, so that interaction. Translated by Google Development of e-commerce 　　The traditional model of e-commerce e-commerce are also divided according to different types, with B2B, B2C, C2C and other types; 　　C2C 　　C2C e-commerce development trend is to be refined and regional development, that is, the future will no longer appear as large as Taobao C2C platform, but will appear in a number of medium and small cities nationwide for all local customers C2C platform, this model is characterized by small-scale trading platform with time to take, trust is high. 　　C2C technology trend is the application of 3D technology, 3D technology for the C2C platform provides a more personalized service, for example, can be provided in a number of 3D technology platform, designed according to their body shape broadly consistent with their the 3D model, the time to buy clothes or shoes, can try to use models instead of their own, which save a lot of exchange of the cost and trouble. 　　B2C 　　B2C e-commerce trend is that more SMEs to start building their own websites, and through the Internet to sell their products, promote their brand, website promotion and internet marketing to be their concern, if the products on the corporate Web site enough affordable price, this will attract more consumers to directly _select_ the site in the enterprise transactions, and will not go truly go shopping C2C platform. DELL is not like they started the promotion of a regional thing, that online transactions and must meet the line of sales and publicity to achieve a certain effect, which is B2C e-commerce trends. 　　B2B 　　B2B e-commerce development trend should be to the innovative products and services to develop on the release of the traditional supply and demand information to provide B2B and online transactions, could not have met the changing needs of customers today, the need for more development B2B platform for new with a innovative and user-friendly products. HC not follow Ali's profit model but growing alliances and partners, together with the exhibition for its members by offering services organization is a nice try, but this attempt proved that they are correct, then such more The new B2B platform for the video began to try to commercialize aspects of development, this profit model is also a technology and service innovations, such as Ying business network to promote the commercialization of the main advantages of the video, to provide video of the B2B platform, and the launch of a network similar to television ads television, in the sense of innovation can be described as a leader in the same industry. And they do the same as the HC supply and demand from their talks, the difference is Ying to spend a billion dollars business network their business center to start construction of the exhibition, can be described as generous in the country is second to none, of course, success of this model No need time to be confirmed, but innovative thinking is indeed a B2B platform for development must be an element. 　　B2G (Government Procurement) G2C (e-government) G2G (government within the network) 　　There is also a trend of e-commerce is the development direction of e-government, a government-run electronic and networking, not only to enhance the efficiency of government guarantees provided, and more for the government and the masses provides a platform for the exchange, especially in e-government the application of electronic trading platform, more open government procurement and supervision provided an opportunity for the masses. 　　Ten defects in an e-commerce, lack of legitimacy. 2, excessive focus on a particular payment. 3, ignoring the special highlights the value of individual commodities. 4, the seller is not clear. 5, the lack of guarantee of the goods. 6, the lack of personal business relationships. 7, too many technical obstacles. 8, do not try petty tricks. 9, the lack of good order and distribution system. 10 ways to sell the site inappropriate. 　　C2B 　　C2B model refers to the consumer business, the customer to business, this is the emerging field of electronic commerce model. 　　C2B model is to aggregate a large online user base, forming a community. To buy the form, the user access to wholesale prices. 　　C2B country do better shake the Nets website, baby tree, watercress net. Translated by Google Innovative forms of e-commerce 　　With the development of media forms, e-commerce also showed a great deal of fusion, extension of the many innovative forms. So much e-commerce is an emerging industry, it is better that he was a pioneering business model, in recent years, with Alibaba, Taobao, pat, Baidu has ah, love other than the web and e-commerce e-commerce model the rise of the service, the traditional business played an important impact. Jingdong Mall of cheap sales of genuine strategy to snatch the number of traditional electronic retail products business, an average of close to 300% per year to accelerate the development of online shopping population is the rapid development of Internet users almost more than the speed of development, and not far the future, more complete service providers, platform and more mature, and innovative e-business trend of the times, has become a necessity Translated by Google The three stages of e-commerce 　　The first stage, e-mail stage 　　This phase can be considered from the 70's, the average traffic growth rate of several times a year. 　　The second stage, information dissemination stage 　　Since 1995, the Web technology as the representative of the information release system, explosive grow up, become a major Internet applications. 　　The third stage, EC (Electronic Commerce), the e-phase 　　EC in the United States has just begun. The reason why the EC as something of a landmark, I believe that is because the final major commercial Internet use, is the e-commerce. At the same time, in turn, can be sure that after some years of business information, mainly through Internet delivery. Internet business information will become of our society, the nervous system. Translated by Google Profile e-commerce division and the professional qualification examination conditions apply 　　Occupational Definition 　　Use of computer technology, network technology and other modern information technology to conduct business or related jobs. 　　Career Level: 　　E-Commerce Officer (National Vocational Qualification four) 　　Assistant e-commerce division (National Vocational Qualification levels 　　E-commerce division (National Vocational Qualification II) 　　Senior E-Commerce Division (National Vocational Qualification level) 　　(There are ongoing e-commerce, assistant teachers and e-commerce e-commerce division of a unified national identification) 　　National certification program】 【E-Commerce 　　With the development of the industry, the breakdown of jobs, different jobs for different professionals have different requirements, NCBA is a _set_ of core business operations, to industry with focus on e-commerce vocational education and evaluation system, surface E-commerce in all areas of economic activity to "non-technical class" professionals and students in related disciplines, based on a new stage of industrial development in the train type and applied a large number of operators of qualified personnel, providing operational type positions hiring and appointment criteria. Meanwhile, NCBA will provide our web-based "non-technical category" Management, business type, marketing classes provide a continuous learning and mutual exchange of knowledge services, learning platform, and to provide professional direction of the depth of teaching and custom services services and employment references related work. E-commerce, e-government, e-finance, e-health, digital education, modern logistics, etc., are based on information technology applications in various industries. In order to conform to industry demand for talent, the NCBA by the Committee of Experts reviewed the first five subjects, course names are as follows: 　　NCBA Network Operations Engineer Procurement 　　NCBA electronic payment operations engineer 　　NCBA e-commerce logistics operations engineer 　　NCBA operate e-commerce software engineer 　　NCBA third-party e-commerce platform operating engineers 　　National Network of Business Test for certification exams in the coming year will launch an examination of 11 subjects, covering the area of ​​e-commerce evaluation of talent in different positions, the "Partition Management", "TES separation" and "Eight reunification" of the training examination system, strict authentication, standard teaching, reasonable operation, management of human nature will cause China's electronic commerce contribute to the building of new talent. Translated by Google Basic concept 　　E-commerce, English is the Electronic Commerce, referred to as the EC. Cover a wide range of e-commerce in general can be divided into business to business (Business-to-Business), or business to consumer (Business-to-Customer) two. There are also consumer to consumer (Customer-to-Customer) This step growth mode. With the increase in the number of domestic Internet use, the use of Internet for online shopping and bank card payments gradually popular consumption patterns, market share is growing rapidly, e-commerce sites are endless. The most common e-commerce security has SSL (Secure Socket Layer) and _SET_ (Secure Electronic Transaction) two. 　　Definition: 　　Broad sense refers to the use of electronic tools to conduct business or activity. These tools range from elementary telegraph, telephone, radio, television, fax machine, computer network, to the NII (National Information Infrastructure - Information Highway), GII (Global Information Infrastructure) and the Internet and other modern systems. The business activities of goods from the pan (physical and non physical, non-commercial goods and production factors, etc.) activities to the needs of the Pan-commodity reasonable and legal consumption of a typical production process is to remove all the activities. Narrow sense, refers to the use of Internet in business or activities. 　　】 【Network marketing and e-commerce 　　From the time of speaking, e-commerce earlier than the emergence of the concept of network marketing. 　　E-commerce originated in the last century 60's, 90's development has been made. E-commerce and development is mainly important condition: the extensive application of computers. With the network marketing is the development of modern science and technology, changes in consumer values ​​and objectives increasingly fierce market competition, and many other factors emerged and the rapid rise of network marketing is the most important conditions for development: changes in consumer values. 　　From the literal sense, the concept of network marketing than the big e-commerce. 　　E-commerce usually refers to a broad range of commercial trade activities, the Internet an open network environment, buyers and sellers are not met in the case of the phase, the transaction reached a new business model, emphasis is on the network sales obtain commercial profit. Internet Marketing (cyber marketing), is the use of online networks, computer communications and digital interactive media to achieve a marketing approach, emphasis on the interaction with the target population's network. 　　It contains all the system from the network is cross-marketing and e-commerce presence. 　　Cover a wide range of e-commerce in general can be divided into B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M four e-commerce model. Including business to business (Business-to-Business), and business to consumer (Business-to-Consumer) the first two developments, along with consumer to consumer (Consumer-to-Consumer) This big growth mode. Internet marketing includes online research, online advertising, online public relations, integrated marketing, seo, sem and other content, each content can be applied alone or integrated into the e-commerce to go. The same can not be separated from these e-commerce network marketing. 　　Therefore, from this level, it is a form of e-commerce, Internet marketing is the means. Translated by Google Development 　　Three phase 　　The first stage, e-mail stage 　　This phase can be considered from the 70's, the average traffic growth rate of several times a year. 　　The second stage, information dissemination stage 　　Since 1995, the Web technology as the representative of the information release system, explosive grow up, become a major Internet applications. 　　The third stage, EC (Electronic Commerce), the e-phase 　　EC in the United States has just begun. The reason why the EC as something of a landmark, I believe that is because the final major commercial Internet use, is the e-commerce. At the same time, in turn, can be sure that after some years of business information, mainly through Internet delivery. Internet business information will become of our society, the nervous system. 　　Europe 　　The United States and Europe, for example, can be said that e-commerce business development in full swing. In France, Germany and other European countries, e-commerce business generated total revenue accounted for 1 / 4, already in the United States up to 1 / 3, while the United States and Europe to carry out e-commerce has only been ten years. In the United States, America Online (AOL), Yahoo, eBay and other famous e-commerce companies to make money in 1995, after years, to 2000 created a $ 780,000,000, IBM, Amazon Bookstore, Dell Computer, Wal-Mart and other e-commerce company in their respective areas is achieved incredible huge profits. The rapid development of e-Europe and the United States the following factors: 　　★ 1. Europe and the United States households have computers, many enterprises, the total number of Internet users population 2 / 3 or more, especially young people, almost all Internet users, and favorable economic conditions and a large population of Internet users have created for the development of e-commerce a good environment. 　　★ 2. Europe and the United States to implement universal credit card system, establish a _set_ of comprehensive credit guarantee system, which is e-commerce online payment issue is resolved way. Careful to say, Europe and the United States credit guarantee business has been conducted 80 years. In Europe and the United States, free movement of people, not like China, limited by the accounts, to facilitate daily life, everyone has a unique, life can not be forged and with the credit code, as opposed to credit card spending, the issuing bank to allow holders NPC card overdraft limit, but the cardholder will be required within the specified time to return borrowed money, if a company or individual malicious overdrafts non-payment, that sense of the future will come no matter where he, his credit record This stain will have, whether he wanted to loans to buy a house, car or office, banks will not lend to him, and that the loan is rife in the Western world unspeakable! Therefore, the Westerners in general to his credit as Second Life, who wants to profit loss petty cause, when shopping online, they will click on items directly enter the password, credit card in the electronic money transfer to the site, Business websites to confirm that paragraph immediately after the delivery organization. 　　★ 3. Europe and the United States distribution system quite well, regular, and its large third-party logistics companies in recent years have enabled many users in different regions, often at the click shopping can be received on or own the next day required products. This is to benefit from the United States and Europe in the past century storage and transportation system's development. In the United States after World War II, many companies will the military logistics support system mode of transport to do to transform the effective field applied to the flow of goods to, and gradually spread throughout the country _set_ up, logistics and distribution network of all-pervasive. Even in e-commerce business has not been extensively carried out ten years ago, as long as customers want to call the goods, almost all can enjoy free domestic shipping services. Federal Express, UPS (Federal Express package) and other large-scale model of the logistics company, specializing in business for each product to the hands of customers, with such a huge sound distribution system, when the e-commerce era, the United States only the various distribution points to be connected with a computer, that is the logical completion of the traditional distribution over distribution to the age of electronic commerce, e-commerce activities, the most important and most complicated part - logistics and distribution problem is solved so easily. 　　China 　　The rapid development of Chinese e-commerce, e-commerce transactions in 2007 amounted to the country 2.17 trillion yuan, up 90% over the previous year. The rapid development of China's Internet shopping, by the end of June 2008, the number of online shopping to reach 63.29 million users within six months increased 36.4%. As of December 2008, an e-commerce site's overall coverage has grown from 90 million users increased to 98 million. 　　Government and the Internet Society of China also attaches great importance to commerce, such as the Internet Society of China organized a nationwide network of Business Innovation Application Contest Students 　　Behavior of SMEs in e-commerce has been in an awkward situation, because of the narrow channels of information exchange, financial security can not protect online transactions, the higher operating costs and other issues of constraints, can not effectively promote the development of the industry. This phenomenon has been the concern of a large portal sites, many large portals stand and move, trying to reclaim this piece of SME e-commerce has not developed the "virgin land." 　　Success Factors 　　In many cases, an e-commerce company survive, not just on their own products, but also has a capable management team, a good pre-sales services, well-organized business structure, and a secure network infrastructure, design Good sites, these factors include: 　　Adequate market research and analysis. Need to have a viable e-commerce business plan and comply with the basic principles of supply and demand. Failure in the field of electronic commerce and other business areas are often the same, the lack of understanding of the basic principles of business. 　　A good strategy to be armed with information technology management team. A company's information strategy needs to be a part of business process reengineering. 　　Provide customers with a convenient and secure transactions. Credit cards are the most common means of payment on the Internet, about 90% of all online payment credit card manner. In the past, the encrypted credit card number information through independent third-party payment gateway between the customer and the merchant to pass, and now the majority of small businesses and individual enterprises or so. Today most of the larger of the two companies directly on the site with commercial banks or credit card companies to process credit card transactions between the agreement. 　　Provide high reliability and security of transactions. For example, use of parallel computing, hardware redundancy, failure handling, information encryption, and network firewall technology to achieve this demand. 　　Provide 360-degree view of customer relationships, ensuring that both the company's employees, suppliers or partners, customers can obtain complete and consistent view, rather than being _select_ed or filtered information obtained. Because customers are not in authoritarianism (Big Brother) to monitor the feeling of a good evaluation. 　　Build a business model. If the textbook in 2000, so a lot of ". Com" companies may go bankrupt. 　　Design an e-commerce value chain, concerned about the limited number of core competencies, rather than a one-stop-shop solution. If the right programming, the network can store the characteristics of a professional or general get one of them. 　　Operation of the cutting edge or as close to the most cutting-edge technology, and closely follow the changes in technology. (But need to remember the basic rules of business and technology is quite different from the basic rules, not on the same business model in fashion) 　　Create an agile organization, timely response to the economic, social and environment for any changes. 　　Provide an attractive site. Tasteful use of color, graphics, animation, photos, fonts, and have enough blank space to achieve this goal. 　　Smooth business processes, through process reengineering and information technology to get. 　　Provide goods and services can fully understand the information, not just all there is a reliable product information and _select_ion of proposals recommended by the consultants. 　　Naturally, e-commerce providers to meet a universal principle of the industry, for example, guarantee the quality and availability of goods, logistics, reliability, and timely and effective handling of customer complaints. In the network environment, there is a unique feature, customers can get far more than the traditional "brick + cement" in a business environment on business 　　A successful e-commerce organization must provide a satisfactory but both meaningful experience for customers. By various factors that constitute the customer first, including the following: 　　Provide additional benefits to customers: E-Vendor To do this, can provide the product or its product line to a lower price to attract potential customers, such as traditional business the same. 　　Provide quality service: to provide an interactive and easy to use and places to buy experience, and as traditional retailers, like, have helped to some extent to achieve the above objectives. To encourage customers to come back to buy. Can make use of gifts or promotional coupons, offers and discounts. Can also be connected to other related sites to each other and advertising alliances. 　　Provision of personal services: personal website, purchase suggestions, and personal and special offers ways to help increase interaction, user-friendly to replace the traditional way of selling. 　　Providing community awareness: you can chat rooms, discussion boards, and some customer loyalty programs (also known as affinity programs) are all providing a sense of community will certainly help. 　　Our customers with comprehensive experience: provide electronic personal service, based on customer preferences, to provide individual services, so that customers feel the experience with a difference, could become the company's unique selling point, and brands. 　　Self-help approach: to provide self-service Web site, ease of use and do not help the environment, have some help. Including all product information, cross-marketing information, consulting replacement products, supplies and accessories _select_ion. 　　Provide all kinds of information: such as personal electronic address book, online shopping. Through a wealth of comparative information and good search facilities, to provide information and component safety, health comment to the customer. E-services can help individuals to identify more potential customers. Translated by Google Classification 　　B2B, B2C, C2C, B2M, M2C, B2A (ie B2G), C2A (ie C2G) seven types of e-business models and so on. 　　B2B = Business to Business. 　　B2C = Business to Customer 　　B2C mode is the mode of the first generation of e-commerce, online store to 8848 marked the official carrier. 　　The first is: 　　Integrated mall: Taobao online Tianhe City, Grandview Plaza 365 Mall [1] [2] 　　The online store, popular enough in the product rich, convenient case of logistics, the cost advantage, the clock never sleeps, no regional restrictions, more extensive product and so on edge, and embodies the comprehensive mall will soon be trading online a role in the market. 　　This is the area under the mall divided by line, each large city there are always three to five large mall. The Internet in this area, but also doomed thirty-five dominance comprehensive mall, is now a dominant Taobao embarrassing situation. In fact, there is a similar pat / eBay / a ah, but very different, and even have been reluctant to mention. 　　The second: 　　Specific integrated: Race V Network 　　Third: 　　Department stores: Amazon Wal-Mart Online Excellence Dangdang 　　Store, the shop that shows only one seller; and department stores, which is to meet daily consumption needs of the rich product line. This store has its own warehouse will stock products, to prepare the logistics and distribution and faster customer service. The store even has its own brand. Like the line under the Wal-Mart, Watsons, PARKnSHOP department. 　　According to this model is the most concern when the number of the Amazon, a lot of industry friends, laughing, into the electricity supplier to the industry, the first of the Amazon, to do electronic business industry, to get rid of the Amazon, that is their profession. The scale, so that you both love, and Duhen it. And here Dangdang give an example. Excellence is my personal admiration for almost ten years to do still adhere to the company making money, although in 2004 the Amazon known as the 1.5 billion acquisition of Dangdang, rejected half the price after the acquisition of excellence. Perhaps this is the capital of the operational level strategy, but also instructions on both sites Zhu Er, capital operation ability is good. 　　Dangdang, excellent this online store, how many users? 　　Because of the inventory, distribution, and other conditions of difference, given the different characteristics of the store, that is, there is a brand online store, there is differentiation. Since the existence of difference, then this model can shop there are many homes, not just thirty-five, and even can be a factor. Many consumers, shopping is a random phenomenon, in the shopping process, the factors that influence consumer choice is to shop and the large number of independent, but the total impact of each factor in the status are equal, may be spending who because of a certain experience, the smaller the price difference, or a bad shopping experience, and so will try other businesses. 　　Which have tried to store shops Dangdang excellent model, but more failures, but there are signs of want to store into. 　　Fourth: 　　Vertical Store: Red Mecoxlane gifted children songs networks online Jingdong Citistore, the United States 360 Mall, laughing purchase network 　　Vertical shops and services in certain people or a particular need or needs in this area to provide comprehensive products and services to reflect more professional. 　　If Mecoxlane located in groups of young women aged 18-25 no-store sales of the carrier, although started is to use DM, slowly back to the shop tendencies. 　　If the red is to mother and child when the child started the consumer cut into this market segment. 　　Such as Jingdong, do online the United States, specializes in sales of electrical / 3C products 　　This store there are more product similarity, or are to meet in a crowd, or to meet certain needs in, or that some kind of platform (such as electrical appliances). 　　Vertical shops, how many exist in the Internet have it? It depends on market segmentation. _Set_ the type of breakdown is X, then X is three to five times, because each area where there thirty-five competition, and though everyone said the Internet is no second child, but it is not the case, although the second child live very hard, but also hardships, strong and alive. And also because of competition with a good, the promotion of the service improved. 　　Here we find a phenomenon, such as the above example Jingdong, red kids, to look at the recent moves have begun to expand product lines, such as red to the original maternal child market, expanded to a family as a unit of the shopping platform ; such as Jingdong through low-cost electrical / 3C products to attract a large number of buyers, and then enrich the product line, add / recommend a bigger profit margin products in order to seek profit. Obviously, they are in the transition to the general store. Compared to the expansion of market segments, such as Macaulay forest, excellent songs for the crowd this network of vertical segments shops, the choice is another one to itself as a brand, so deep the way professionals do careful and meticulous. 　　Fifth: 　　Composite brand stores: Belle Giordano 　　Giordano is a traditional clothing brand, they have N directly under, stores. Grandview Mall opened, Giordano entered, and online Taobao Mall opened, the line went in Giordano. And even all of the mall are drained, Giordano also has its own independent image of the store, which is a traditional brand. When consumers Giordano found online and offline consumers is different, they boldly use of price discrimination, and improve storage allocation management of its network of sales through reduced cost of goods store display, sharing inventory costs, optimize cash flow and the operation of the circulation of goods. 　　Like Belle, the line has nearly 8,000 stores, according to announcement made in 2008 to 160 billion market. Current into the network, it is a bold attempt, line styles or brands have a certain segment, but also a lot of production, because, how to line might purchase large amounts, then 8000, but a good clean store inventory export. 200,000 sales per store on two-lane over twenty pairs solved. 　　Like this place, with the maturity of e-commerce, there will be more and more traditional brands electricity providers to join the battlefield in order to seize new markets and expand the new channels and optimize the product and channel resources to target, a wave of momentum into wantonly around the corner. 　　This shop there? Line how many, how many will be online. And this includes the States United States, are of composite shop, but the intensity of integration is not enough, the entire logistics, cash, personnel operating system is not mature it. 　　Sixth: 　　Bazaar stores PPG VANCL Dream Light 　　PPG and has hit the street VANCL cases, although there are many controversial, but new things are always generated controversy. The Dream Bazaar here to join for two reasons, first, YES PPG have been many media wreck, VANCL also rumors about transformation into an integrated mall. Bazaar is a dream start with DM for delivery + network + CALL Centre, and then do the image of the line stores. It is said that sales of 6 million a month. Is also a representative of concern. 　　China is a producing country, N number of foundries, mature industry chain is sufficient to meet production needs. The so-called third-rate companies to do product, second-rate technology companies do, to do the standard first-class enterprise. The Chinese people are making money are the profits of a premium product, rather than the profit premium brands (such as China's MP3, earning ten dollars in profits, while the United States is APPLE earn profits more than ten dollars), ripening in the environment Next, do not necessarily need a brand has is they have a factory, on the contrary, with the days of independence, China has the advantage of thick, more focused brands to offer personalized, more delicate products to meet the needs of audience groups, based on brand positioning, enhance product design, through the application of information technology to meet the increasingly sophisticated Internet sales platform, the improving logistics and distribution as well as a variety of services, the whole chain of increasingly refined and improved, so do their own brands to focus on good things. By outsourcing, focus and form their own brand of product standards, and then use the best raw material providers, manufacturers to find the best, look for the effective promotion of high efficiency sources, combined with strong, professional brand's advantage will be emergent head. Looking around, the world's top brands, almost all do. 　　Light of the stores is feasible, the key is not confused themselves, identify their core competitiveness, the other for more people to bear. And now, again thinking about doing what is their own bosses, but also need to rethink, and do not be tripping over the previous glory. 　　Speaking in front of Bazaar has opened a dream of several physical store, even from the sale of underwear and expand the product line to all aspects of female consumers. This also shows that light of the shop are also being converted to the compound. Meanwhile, back, light the stores, traditional stores will provoke a melee, no one could win, but always refused to admit others to lose the advantages of the enterprise. 　　Seventh 　　Shop Easy U.S. service may also 　　Easy Beauty is an online printing company, for example, Wang married, with his wife to Europe on their honeymoon, took a lot of photos, however, has not returned home, relatives and friends have got the United States Wang and easy online printing through the good Photos, photos, some embedded in the bone china cups, and some by their own will, binding a beautiful frame, is placed in front of the house Mom and Dad. 　　"May also purchasing, purchased all over the world." Yes, it may also help you to around the world to buy the products you want, and to collect the right amount of service fee profit. 　　Shop more and more service-oriented, are designed to meet the individual needs of different people, even queuing up to buy the film to help you sell, there are people trading, is looking forward to see more services in the form of the shop. 　　Eighth 　　Online shopping guide love than the engine type 　　Than the faithful can be friends here to share the product experience than the reviews, than the faithful are also keen to tell their own experience of the used products to more than friends. 　　As the upper reaches of B2C business, they bring customers to the merchant. Services to the consumer's point of view. This is the king. Love than the network operators to become an effective flow of electronic procurement platform and b2c businesses to reduce their high-quality marketing costs. 　　C2C = Consumer to Consumer 　　C2C with B2B, B2C, as is one of several models of e-commerce. The difference is that C2C is a user of the user's mode, C2C is a business platform for buyers and sellers by providing an online trading platform, so that the seller can take the initiative to provide goods online auction, the buyer can choose to bid on goods. Typical is Baidu C2C C2C, Taobao, pat net. 　　However, the growing need for more effective c2c capital oversight mechanisms to prevent the use of the financial vulnerability of Commerce platform, free frozen funds misappropriation of the seller to carry out financial operations, to the financial sector, many sellers carry financial risk. 　　B2M = Business to Manager (1) 　　B2M is relative to the B2B, B2C, C2C e-commerce model is concerned, is a new e-commerce model. E relative to which all three are essentially different, the fundamental difference is the different nature of target audience, the first three of the target audience is there as a consumer's identity, and B2M against customer base is the product of the enterprise or the sellers or their workers, rather than the final consumer. 　　Enterprise network platform release of the company's products or services obtained through the network of professional managers of the company's products or services information, and provide products for sale or supply of business services, business services manager to achieve through the sale of products or access to services purposes. Professional managers to provide services through a commission. 　　B2M, compared with traditional e-commerce has made a huge improvement, in addition to the face of user groups is essentially different from outside, B2M has a larger feature advantages: the development of e-commerce line! Above three features of traditional e-commerce: goods or services to buyers and sellers can only be users, and B2M model can goods and services on the network went a full line of information, companies publish information, the manager received business information, products or services and will be available to all people, whether online or offline. In fact, B2M is essentially a proxy mode. 　　B2M = Business to Marketing (2) 　　E-commerce businesses for marketing (or e-commerce e-commerce companies is an important marketing channel for the company.) B2M e-commerce company based on customer demand as the core and build the marketing type site, and through multiple channels, online and offline promotion of the site, extensive shopping guide, and standardized management, making the site as an important marketing channel for enterprises. 　　M2C = Manager to Consumer 　　M2C is a model for e-commerce in the emergence of B2M extension of the concept. B2M session, enterprise network platform release of the company's products or services obtained through the network of professional managers of the company's products or services information, and provide products for sale or supply of business services, business services by managers to meet sales The purpose of the product or access to services. In M2C session, managers will face the Consumer, the ultimate consumers. 　　M2C is an extension of B2M, B2M this new e-commerce model is an indispensable part of a follow-up development. Managers ultimately want to sell products to final consumers, and that there is also a large part of the form through e-commerce, similar to C2C, but not exactly the same. C2C is the traditional profit model, make basic difference is the price of goods entering and leaving. The M2C's profit model is a rich, flexible and more that can be spread, it can be commission. M2C's logistics management, and also more diversity than the C2C, such as zero inventory; cash flow has more advantages than traditional C2C. 　　E-commerce on the Internet can be divided into three areas: information services, transactions and payments. The main contents include: E-Trade ad; electronic purchasing and trading, electronic trading exchange certificate; electronic payment and _set_tlement and the sale of online services. The main types of transactions are business and personal transactions (B to C mode) and the transactions between enterprises (B to B mode) two. There are four types of entities involved in electronic commerce: the customer (individual consumer or enterprise groups), business (including distributors, manufacturers, storage and transportation providers), banks (including the issuer, acquirer) and Certification Center. 　　From the point of view of trade, e-commerce can be achieved in a number of areas, which can also be e-commerce is divided into two levels, lower levels of e-commerce such as e-Business, electronic commerce, electronic contracts, etc.; the most complete is The most advanced e-commerce should be carried out using INTENET network to all the trading activities that the Internet will be information flow, business flow, capital flow and logistics part of the full realization, that is, you can search for customers, has been to negotiation, ordering, online payment (income) shall be open, according to the electronic customs declaration as well as electronic invoicing, electronic tax payment at one go through the INTERNET. 　　To achieve a complete e-commerce also involves many aspects, in addition to buyers and sellers, but also with banks or financial institutions, government agencies, certification bodies, distribution centers and other institutions to join Caixing. As the parties involved in electronic commerce are not met each other physically, so the entire e-commerce process is not a replica of the physical world, business, online banking, online electronic payment and other conditions and data encryption, electronic signatures and other technologies in e-commerce play an important role indispensable. 　　There are also two types: 　　B2A = Business to Administration (ie, B2G = Business to Government) 　　Commercial e-commerce on the executive, referring to corporate and government e-commerce activities between agencies. For example, the details of the Government Procurement published in the Internet, through online auction, tender, companies have to tender by electronic means. 　　This approach is currently still in the initial pilot phase, but may be developed very quickly, because the Government can establish the image of the government in this way, through the exemplary role in promoting e-business. In addition, the government can implement this type of e-business management of the administrative things, such as government import and export licenses issued by way of e-commerce, to carry out statistical work, businesses can apply through the Internet and other taxes and tax rebates. 　　China's Golden Customs project is to administrative agencies by commercial e-commerce, such as issuing export licenses for export tax rebates, electronic customs declaration, the establishment of China's foreign trade as the leading e-commerce framework, and promote various types of e-commerce in China activities. 　　C2A = Consumer to Administration (ie C2G = Consumer to Government) 　　Consumer e-commerce executive, referring to the individual e-government activities. E-commerce activities such has not really formed. However, in individual countries, such as in Australia, the government's tax authorities have been designated by the private tax, or financial accounting firm to use the electronic tax returns for individuals. Although such activities have not reached the real returns electronically, but it already has a consumer e-commerce administration shape. 　　Government as Business to Consumer, commercial organizations the development of e-commerce executive will be the implementation of the community of individuals more comprehensive electronic services. The taxpayer to the government departments of social services provided, such as social welfare payments, etc., will remain on the web. Translated by Google Main function 　　E-commerce can provide online transactions and manage the whole process of the service, so it has advertising, consultation to discuss, online ordering, online payment, electronic accounts, service delivery, consultation, transaction management and other functions. 　　(1) an advertising 　　E-commerce by virtue of the enterprise Web server and the client browser, the Internet, send broadcast all kinds of business information. Customers can take advantage of online search tool (Search) quickly find product information, and businesses can make use of the Internet home page (HomePage) and e-mail (E-mail) for advertising around the globe. Compared with previous types of advertising, online advertising the most cost and the amount of information to customers is the most abundant. 　　(2) consult the discussion 　　E-commerce can make use of non-real-time e-mail (E-mail), newsgroups (NewsGroup) and real-time discussion groups (chat) to understand the market and commodity information, to discuss trade matters, if any further needs, but also with the online whiteboard Conference (WhiteboardConference) to exchange real-time graphical information. Online consultation and negotiation to people face to face negotiations beyond the restrictions, providing a variety of convenient forms of remote conversation. 　　(3) Order 　　E-business interaction with Web, e-mail sent online in order to achieve. Online ordering is usually described in the product page offers a very friendly interactive ordering and order message format box. When customers fill out order form, it is often the system will return to confirm the information sheet to ensure that ordering information is received. Ordering information also can be encrypted, so that customers and merchants business information will not leak. 　　(4) online payment 　　E-commerce to become a complete process. Is an important part of online payment. Between customers and merchants can use credit card number for payment. Used directly in the online electronic payment transactions will be able to omit a lot of personnel costs. Online payment will need more reliable information transfer security control to prevent spoofing, eavesdropping, theft or other such illegal acts. 　　(5) Electronic Account 　　Payment must be online to support e-finance, that bank or credit card companies and insurance companies and other financial units to provide online financial services operation of services. The electronic account management is the basic component. 　　(6) service delivery 　　Customers paid the money for the goods ordered should be passed as quickly as possible into their hands. Some goods at the local, some goods in different places, e-mail will be able to carry out the logistics of the deployment of the network. Most suitable for online delivery of the goods directly to information products 　　(7) consultation 　　Can be very easy to use e-commerce website on the "options", "fill in the blank" and other format files to collect user feedback on the sales and service. This will enable the enterprise market operators can form a closed loop. Customer feedback can not only improve service levels, improve the product even more so that enterprises and found that the market's business opportunities. 　　(8) Transaction Management 　　The transaction will involve the management of human, financial, and material in many areas, enterprises and companies, enterprises and other customers and internal coordination and management. Therefore, the transaction management is involved in the management of the whole process of business activities. Translated by Google Advantages and disadvantages 　　Advantages 　　★ 1. E-commerce business processes of traditional electronic, digital, on the one hand to replace the actual electron flow logistics, to a significant reduction in manpower, material resources, reduce the cost; the other hand, breakthrough time and space constraints, making the trading activities may at any time, any place, thereby greatly improving the efficiency. 　　★ 2. E-commerce with the openness and global features for enterprises to create more trade opportunities. 　　★ 3. E-commerce enables businesses to cost close to enter the global electronic market, enabling SMEs and large enterprises may have the same information resources, improve the competitiveness of SMEs. 　　★ 4. E-commerce has redefined the traditional distribution model, reduction of intermediate links, making the producers and consumers directly deal possible, which to some extent, changed the entire social economy operates. 　　★ 5. E-commerce on the one hand break the barriers of time and space, on the other hand provides a wealth of information resources for various socio-economic elements of reorganization provides a more probable, it will affect the layout and structure of the social and economic . 　　★ 6. Interactivity: through the Internet, businesses can be directly between the communication, negotiation, contract, consumers can also be reflected in their feedback suggested the site enterprises or businesses, and enterprises or businesses will have to based on consumer feedback in a timely manner product range and service quality survey, so that interaction. 　　Defect 　　★ 1, the limitations of the network itself 　　A consumer ordered a new online women's backpack, while the quality is good, but not online to see how the Italian style. Reaction of many consumers actually received the goods are not in the fancy goods online. This is how the case? In fact, to reduce the number of a real three-dimensional plane of the picture card into the process, some basic information about the product itself will be lost; entered into the computer's artificial _select_ion of goods is part of the information, people can not get goods from the Internet all the information, in particular, can not be the most distinctive of the goods intuitive impression. 　　In this mode, only relying on the production and web site designers more good grasp on the page mode, the display of goods to consumers. 　　★ 2, the search function is not perfect 　　★ 3, can not be guaranteed the security of transactions 　　In fact, e-commerce security issues between people of integrity, and the reality of commercial trade met, required joint cooperation and efforts. The future of e-commerce, requires all users to work together. 　　★ 4, the management is not sufficiently standardized e-commerce 　　★ 5, tax issues 　　Tax (including customs duties and taxes) is an important national source of finance. E-commerce transactions because there is no fixed place in the international information network environment, the result difficult to control and collect state taxes on electronic commerce. 　　★ 6, standards 　　The national situation, ways and means of e-commerce transactions, there are some differences of course, but we have to face without borders, global trade, so the need to build e-commerce transactions related to a unified international standard to address interoperability issues e-commerce activities. The current problem is the Chinese e-commerce concept is unclear, do engage in electronic commerce, engage in e-business practice, showing a discrete, unordered, the local state. 　　★ 7, distribution problems 　　Distribution is to allow businesses and consumers are very vexed issue. Online consumers often encounter the phenomenon of delay in delivery, and the high cost of distribution. Insiders pointed out, China's lack of systematic, professional, national freight distribution companies, distribution sales organization did not form an efficient, comprehensive distribution management system, which no doubt influenced people's shopping enthusiasm. 　　★ 8, intellectual property issues 　　Caused by the e-commerce legal issues, the protection of intellectual property rights and bear the brunt. The computer network is hosted on information in digital form, so in the field of intellectual property (patents, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets), the copyright protection is particularly prominent. 　　★ 9, the legal issues of electronic contracts 　　In e-commerce, traditional business transactions has been taken by a written contract no longer applies. On the one hand, there is easy to fabricate electronic contract, it is difficult to prove the authenticity and validity of the problem; on the other hand, the existing law has yet to seal electronic contracts and digital signatures the legal effect of the specification. 　　★ 10, the identification of electronic evidence 　　The information in the information network with instability or volatility, which resulted in violations occur when the information network, lock, or to obtain evidence of infringement evidence of infringement is extremely difficult to resolve infringement disputes brought to the larger obstacles. How to ensure that the information in the network environment, stability, authenticity and validity of e-commerce is an effective solution to an important factor in the infringement. 　　★ 11, other details 　　Finally, the details that some non-standard issues, such as mixed commodity prices now online, the main traded commodity prices, the largest category is 40%; online store services a large geographical differences; online shopping big issue invoices; online store does not vary on the order response time Qi; e-commerce law, all aspects involved in the transaction the rights and obligations has not been a clear and detailed requirements. 　　★ 12, standards Translated by Google Trends 　　The traditional model of e-commerce e-commerce are also divided according to different types, with B2B, B2C, C2C and other types; 　　C2C 　　C2C e-commerce development trend is to be refined and regional development, that is, the future will no longer appear as large as Taobao C2C platform, but will appear in a number of medium and small cities nationwide for all local customers C2C platform, this model is characterized by small-scale trading platform with time to take, trust is high. 　　C2C technology trend is the application of 3D technology, 3D technology for the C2C platform provides a more personalized service, for example, can be provided in a number of 3D technology platform, designed according to their body shape broadly consistent with their the 3D model, the time to buy clothes or shoes, can try to use models instead of their own, which save a lot of exchange of the cost and trouble. 　　B2C 　　B2C e-commerce trend is that more SMEs to start building their own websites, and through the Internet to sell their products, promote their brand, website promotion and internet marketing to be their concern, if the products on the corporate Web site enough affordable price, this will attract more consumers to directly _select_ the site in the enterprise transactions, and will not go truly go shopping C2C platform. DELL is not like they started the promotion of a regional thing, that online transactions and must meet the line of sales and publicity to achieve a certain effect, which is B2C e-commerce trends. 　　B2B 　　B2B e-commerce development trend should be to the innovative products and services to develop on the release of the traditional supply and demand information to provide B2B and online transactions, could not have met the changing needs of customers today, the need for more development B2B platform for new with a innovative and user-friendly products. HC not follow Ali's profit model but growing alliances and partners, together with the exhibition for its members by offering services organization is a nice try, but this attempt proved that they are correct, then such more The new B2B platform for the video began to try to commercialize aspects of development, this profit model is also a technology and service innovations, such as Ying business network to promote the commercialization of the main advantages of the video, to provide video of the B2B platform, and the launch of a network similar to television ads television, in the sense of innovation can be described as a leader in the same industry. And they do the same as the HC supply and demand from their talks, the difference is Ying to spend a billion dollars business network their business center to start construction of the exhibition, can be described as generous in the country is second to none, of course, success of this model No need time to be confirmed, but innovative thinking is indeed a B2B platform for development must be an element. 　　B2G (Government Procurement) G2C (e-government) G2G (government within the network) 　　There is also a trend of e-commerce is the development direction of e-government, a government-run electronic and networking, not only to enhance the efficiency of government guarantees provided, and more for the government and the masses provides a platform for the exchange, especially in e-government the application of electronic trading platform, more open government procurement and supervision provided an opportunity for the masses. 　　Ten defects in an e-commerce, lack of legitimacy. 2, excessive focus on a particular payment. 3, ignoring the special highlights the value of individual commodities. 4, the seller is not clear. 5, the lack of guarantee of the goods. 6, the lack of personal business relationships. 7, too many technical obstacles. 8, do not try petty tricks. 9, the lack of good order and distribution system. 10 ways to sell the site inappropriate. 　　C2B 　　C2B model refers to the consumer business, the customer to business, this is the emerging field of electronic commerce model. 　　C2B model is to aggregate a large online user base, forming a community. To buy the form, the user access to wholesale prices. 　　C2B country do better shake the Nets website, baby tree, watercress net. 　　Growth rate far exceeds the B2C C2C 　　E-commerce is the most mature of the Internet is also a commercial application of the most promising. According to the different end of trading partners can be divided into business-oriented institutions, consumers and government categories, including fastest growing consumer-oriented e-commerce, business organizations in the field can be divided into individual (B2C ), person to person (C2C) categories. 　　The report is expected, C2C e-commerce market will be the individual's "main force" in 2011, B2C market will reach 13.6 billion, while the C2C market transactions will reach 201.3 billion yuan, nearly 15 times the former. 　　In addition, C2C market growth rate will be much faster than the B2C market. The report predicts that from 2003 to 2011, B2C market is expected to reach a compound annual growth rate of 48.63%, while the C2C market compound annual growth rate over the same period to reach 92.9%. 　　Analysts believe that, C2C developed faster than the total B2C e-commerce law consistent. Most C2C website now to take the "free mode" to attract buyers and sellers to participate, there are very attractive for SMEs. Therefore, the number of Internet shop, online shopping in a short time the number of products have been growing rapidly. 　　B2C segments into the vertical stage 　　Analysys International believes that as the market matures B2C, B2C area will enter the user segment of the market stage. Before 2007, B2C users to types of goods purchased online books, audio-video publications, and virtual products, Dangdang, excellence, has occupied the market share of net cloud top three. 　　In recent years, with the red children, PPG, Compass Jingdong Mall and other mobile phone networks, and vertical field of online B2C firms to enter, baby products, men's shirts, 3C products, such as mobile phones and online sales of goods began to get online B2C users recognition. 　　The report predicts there will be more vendors coming into the vertical segments online B2C market, consumers can choose the product categories will become more abundant, B2C average revenue per user will also have improved significantly. 　　Innovative forms Translated by Google Case: "E" - think of the story of several information technology 　　Company Profile 　　Lenovo was founded in 1984 by the CAS Institute of Computing investment 20 million yuan, founder of the 11 scientific and technical personnel. Currently has more than 12,000 employees in 1994, listed in Hong Kong (stock code 992), the Hong Kong Hang Seng Index constituent stocks. 　　In 2002, Lenovo's market share of 27.3% (source: IDC), from 7 consecutive years since 1996 among the domestic market sales of the first, to the end of March 2003, Lenovo Group, for 12 consecutive quarters of the Asia Pacific market ( except Japan) the first (source IDC); 2002 in the second quarter, Lenovo's Desktop shipments for the first time entered the global top five, which ranked third in consumption of the computer world. 　　April 2003, Lenovo officially announced the opening of the Beijing Group of the new logo% 26 # 8220;% 26 # 8221;, instead of the original English label% 26 # 8220; Legend% 26 # 8221;, and on a global scale registration. In China, Lenovo will keep using the% 26 # 8220; English + Chinese% 26 # 8221; identification; in English overseas is a separate identity. 　　% 26 # 8220; transparent aquarium% 26 # 8221; the story 　　Functions work, the Ministry of Finance working capital, and all the things and money required to-one correspondence. This makes the association itself becomes a transparent tank. 　　Big business, operational aspects of the natural growing, critical part of the decentralization of control over the resources positions are also increasing, although there are a lot of paper-based system, but in fact they must depend on people to key positions on the control and control, It is difficult to avoid the risk that there will be run oil. How fully informed in the control, which became the face of all business managers a difficult problem. 　　Lenovo is through the ERP system, a transparent process reengineering of the association's powers. Give an example of the procurement, in all companies, because it holds the purchasing department more control over the procurement of large and become the most% 26 # 8220; oil% 26 # 8221; the department, on the billions of purchases by individual factors inevitably effects. When Lenovo's ERP system after on-line, re-sort the procurement process, procurement bid process at this time is broken down into% 26 # 8212;% 26 # 8212; purchase order% 26 # 8212;% 26 # 8212; approval% 26 # 8212 ;% 26 # 8212; orders to suppliers% 26 # 8212;% 26 # 8212; receiving% 26 # 8212;% 26 # 8212; quality% 26 # 8212;% 26 # 8212; payments and other links Each post has the right, has become more transparent procurement process, that is, when judges and to avoid the situation when the athletes. 　　Two systems of money and material flow, work functions, the Ministry of Finance working capital, and all the things and money required to-one correspondence. This makes the association itself becomes a transparent tank. ERP in the pipeline in the association, the right general manager, general manager and more reflected in the size of the scope of regulation. In short, President Yang right to monitor the entire process from procurement to sales in 8000 up and down the behavior of association% 26 # 8212;% 26 # 8212; all think there are only in a transparent Yang in a transparent fish tank ; Similarly, all procurement staff in its parent% 26 # 8212;% 26 # 8212; Supply Manager, where the fish are transparent, in addition to% 26 # 8220; Bath% 26 # 8221; at a higher level of attention and abroad, all expenses must be filed by the financial control won% 26 # 8220; the sun% 26 # 8221;. For managers, the higher you can be 360 ​​degrees on his evaluation, the department manager who can be all around him other up, with the exception manager can not see. Here is the ERP to the original general manager, general manager of the property right or a pen is deconstructed as a part connected together by a number of processes, black box and the transmission of the disease can not hide, under the system in such a system, where the opaque, it means There are issues of fish found in opaque, you can put it out the first tank. All the transparency, which greatly simplifies the process of enterprise management difficult to control. 　　Do not let the% 26 # 8220; fruit% 26 # 8221; rot in the hands of the story 　　The data in a transparent platform, Lenovo can see every one% 26 # 8220; fruit% 26 # 8221; the location and status, and can be reasonably controlled. 　　As we all know, the CPU as the representative of the core components of IT industry products every six months is almost always maintained the rate of introduction of new generation product development, IT product replacement rate is much faster than conventional industrial products, such as P3 or two on the market by March upstart, once the product matures P4, P3 became obsolete, too, are based on the product P3 worth plummeted overnight. As a result, Lenovo's IT products, compared to just picking the% 26 # 8220; fruit% 26 # 8221;, transported to the sale of the production process, accidentally causing the backlog, it will rot in his hand. 　　The peak volume of over 60,000 units sunrise association, how do while ensuring timely delivery, and can be done without a lot of inventory, do not let% 26 # 82 Translated by Google English Expression :  E-Commerce (EC) n.:  electronic commerce,  the e-business,  e-commerce,  e-business French Expression n.  commerce électronique Related Phrases computer internet encrypt cipher confirmation b2b c2c Business Mode circulation network economics dummy Finance coupon confer Security agency keep (a) shop shop Meshwork Store equity securities automobile network station meshwork Silvering Row exist fashion Network Security algorithm Security post campus sanben independence College Nuclear industry And nuclear technology sem network Marketing devise network Marketing plan More results... 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