Chaozhou Chaozhou, also known words, is the dialect of the eight sub-dialect of southern Fujian dialect, Chaozhou dialect, is now the country's most ancient and most special dialect. Simple and elegant, rich vocabulary, grammar special, keep the ancient meaning of ancient words of ancient sounds more vivid language and sense of humor is very different from other languages. Therefore, the concern caused by linguists at home and abroad to study so many people Chaoshan, the Chaozhou dialect monographs, dictionaries a lot. Chaozhou is to maintain emotional ties, there is great cohesion. Especially in the exotic foreign land. The same accent is better than "insiders." Different parts of the Chaozhou dialect there is a difference, different cities or regions have their own language features.
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History and Geography
潮汕话 历史和地理
潮汕话 历史和地理
潮汕话 历史和地理
Ancient Chaozhou dialect from Old Taiwanese. Chaozhou ancestors have been living in the Central Plains area. 9 to 15 centuries, in order to avoid war, a number of Fujianese migration to the sea, arriving in Putian, Fujian, _set_tled after a period of time, but also a collective move to the south eastern part of Guangdong, Chaozhou-Shantou area term of the present. Fujian immigrants is probably because of overpopulation. Because of geographical isolation, Chaozhou has evolved into an independent dialect. From Chaozhou Prefecture Chaozhou dialect, which is the origin of its name, the ancient Chaozhou government including the current Jiexi, Chaozhou, Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang, Puning, Chao, Raoping, Hui, Chenghai and so on. Hakka area in Tai Po and shan have said Teochew residents. The other major Teochew Raoping distribution area, but also speak Hakka residents. The other top three in the vicinity of Lufeng has said Teochew. 18 to 20 centuries, Chaozhou residents moved to Southeast Asia, one of the main Chinese ethnic groups, so Chaozhou dialect as one of the major overseas Chinese. Therefore, the Chinese community outside of Chaozhou-Shantou area, there are a lot of people speak Chaoshan words. Among them, many of Chaozhou people _set_tle in Thailand and Cambodia, becoming the largest local Chinese population. Chaozhou people in Hong Kong, Vietnam, Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia (especially Riau, North Sumatra, South Sumatra, West Kalimantan, Pontianak and Kedah state) to form significant minorities. Some Chaozhou people are Australia, New Zealand, North America and Europe, living, some come from the Chaozhou area, some from Southeast Asia over the region. However, as the popularity of globalization, Chaozhou native speakers gradually reduced. By common culture and media influence, many indigenous to Singapore Teochew speaking Chinese teenagers have turned to speak English, Mandarin and Taiwanese (and Chaozhou dialect some exchange.) Gradually replace the Chaozhou dialect Chinese, a young mother tongue. Nevertheless, Teochew is still a lot of the Singapore Chinese language, and Chinese in Singapore Chaoshan is the second largest ethnic group, second only to Taiwanese people.
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Origin
潮汕话 源流
潮汕话 源流
Relationship with other languages Mandarin Chaozhou-Shantou area for children, as early as kindergarten to learn Putonghua. Into the primary school in the former, Chaozhou is still the main language of instruction, then only the use of Putonghua. While local students are still Teochew communication. Most local people can understand Mandarin, but the young people to understand their general; older people not speak Mandarin, because in the past schools Chaozhou dialect as medium of instruction. Chaozhou native speakers of Putonghua softly that the most difficult to master. In addition, Chaozhou lost alveolar nasal [-n] in the coda, so users often Teochew Mandarin of the coda (consonant n) read as velar nasal [-ŋ]. Taiwanese and its branches are related to the same Middle Chinese, there is no Cuokou call (no front rounded vowel), dental and retroflex lip. For example: Close front rounded vowel [y] misread as close front unrounded vowel; clean lips and teeth of Mandarin fricative [f] be read as clear guttural fricative [h]; the Mandarin initials zh [tʂ], ch [tʂ ʰ], sh [ʂ] and r [ʐ] are pronounced as [ts], [ts ʰ], [s] and [z]. Hakka As Chao, close to the north and Jieyang Raoping Hakka areas, where some people have to say Teochew, Hakka said. Chaoshan regular contact with the Hakka, but it is interesting Hakka little impact on the Chaozhou dialect. Similarly, the same as Tai Po and shan Teochew and Hakka regions at the intersection, some people say Teochew, Hakka even still is the most important language. Cantonese By the Hong Kong TV series and the impact of Guangzhou in Guangdong Province, Chaozhou, many young people do not know if that, and can understand Cantonese. Non-Chinese language Chaozhou Yue State, then by the early impact of ethnic minorities. Later, many people migrated to Southeast Asia Chaozhou, so Thai, Khmer, Vietnamese and Malay and so affect the Chaozhou dialect in Southeast Asia.
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Distribution
潮汕话 分布
潮汕话 分布
潮汕话 分布
Chaoshan City: Shantou City (including the Chaoyang District, Chaonan, Jinping District, Lake District, Hou District, Chenghai District, Nanao County), Chaozhou City (including Xiangqiao area, Fengxi District, Chao, Raoping County), Jieyang City (including Jiedong, JieXi, Puning, the benefits to the county), the SACP County, Lufeng. Chaoshan so different from the tone of the various regions, but most can successfully communicate with each other calls. According to the city can be divided into the following categories: 1. Chaozhou tone; 2. Shantou tone; 3. Chenghai tone; 4. Chaoyang tone; 5. Jieyang tone; In accordance with the river basin can be divided into the following categories: 1. Hanjiang River tone; 2. Lianjiang River Basin tone; 3. Rongjiang Basin tone;
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Dictionary Books
潮汕话 字典书籍
潮汕话 字典书籍
"Chaozhou fifth tone" Zhang Shizhen, 1913 "Brings together all the refined and popular tastes through fifth tone", Jieyang Jiangxia Mao's Pavilion, 1915 "Swatow fifth tone" Chiang Rulin, Shantou civilization Business Library, 1931 "Beijing New Voice Chaozhou Dialect phonetic dictionary", Wu Hua, weight, Guangdong People's Publishing House, 1957 "By three Chaosheng fifth tone", Xiexian Yi, Hong Kong, published author, 1965 "The tide Dictionary", Caijun Ming, Zhou method of high release. Taipei, San Min Book consignment, 1976 "The tide Dictionary Supplement, the National Chao vocabulary", Caijun Ming, Taipei, Taiwan Student Book Publishing, 1979 "Chaozhou dialect popular Mandarin dictionary", Li Xinkui, Guangdong People's Publishing House, 1977 "New Chaozhou dialect eighth tone," Li Xinkui, Guangdong People's Publishing House, 1979 "New Chaozhou Music Dictionary" Lin Lunlun, Shantou University Press, 1995 "Swatow secluded words Annotations", Zhang Huize, Haitian Press, 2006 "New Chaoshan dictionary", SOCIOLOGY, Guangdong People's Publishing House, 2009 1, Chaozhou junior tutorial, Williams Dean Lin for Humanity, Siem Roman Valley, 1841 2, Shantou words spoken grammar Essentials (Primary Lessons in Swatow Grammar [colloquial]: Containing a List of Syllables Representing the Sounds Used in Pronouncing the Tie-Chiu Dialect Prepared by SB Patridge), Ashmore Yeshi mo, IAC Publishing (English Presbyterian Mission Press), 1884 3, A Chinese and English Vocabulary in the Tie-Chiu Dialect, Josiah Goddard High German, Bangkok Mission Press, 1847 4, English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular Or Spoken Language of Swatow, Rudolf Lecheler Lili Ji, Yinghua Books 1883 5, Handbook of the Swatow Dialect with Vocabulary Entry, Herbert Allen Giles Giles, Shanghai 1877 6, A First Lessons in the Swatow Dialect, Swatow Printing Office Company, AM Fielde Field, 1878 7, A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect, AM Fielde Field, Shanghai Mei Wah Books (American Presbyterian Mission Press), 1883 8, Manual of Swatow Vernacular with a Dictionary of Some of the More Important Words in the Swatow Dialect, Singapore: Kohn Yen Hean Press, 1886 9, A Swatow Index to the Syllable Dictionary of Chinese by S. Wells Williams, of Amoy by Carstairs Douglas, John Campbell Gibson JI John, Shantou Anglo Books, 1886 10, the tide is two-tone character _set_ (The Swatow Syllabary Mandarin Pronounciation), John Steele John Shi, Shanghai, 1909, IAC Publishing.
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Glossary
潮汕话 词汇
潮汕话 词汇
潮汕话 词汇
Characters, refer to I (I) Ru (you) Iraq (he / she) Nguyen (we) change of position (you) Iraqis (their) husband (grandfather) and old Ma (grandmother) grandfather (Grandpa) Ah Ma (Grandma) Grandpa (grandpa) outside the Ma (grandmother) father / old government (Dad) My mother / aunt / A niea (mother) Uncle (uncle) Uncle (uncle) lady (aunt) Ajiu (uncle) Ah Nya (my aunt) Exiong ( brother) Liza (sister) brother (brother) Mob Sister (sister) A Sun (Sun Tzu) Adi (son) Mei / walk Tsai (daughter) Great dā groom (my father) Large dā family (mother in law) wife's father (father- ) husband Farm PO (mother) xim woman (wife) couple (the bride) with the door (Lianjin brother) with the daughter in law (brother's wife) Father Lease (godfather) Lease Tsai (adopted son) in the same year (lease Brothers) Old Wo port (the old things, the old guy) acres of the old Charles / old position Niang (old maid) Wo dā port (men) pose Niang (woman) Epigenetic Tsai (young man) Ya Tsai (beautiful boy) Artistry Niang (beautiful girl) offspring Aberdeen (children) cowboys (thugs, men) first home (the boss) were passengers (guests) single-D (single boy) begging (begging) only block (here) Xu block (there) plots (where) do Nigeria (why / do) what-a (what) Good good (so good) hard water (high level) leaders (smart, powerful) Communication Dan (say) Bi Three (chat) with the Bi to the pig trough of Siam (too far out) Wow, Fu (bragging) Do not drop food Bi (Road of different non-phase plan) waves bladder care (flattering) San shouted / roar / Ta (nonsense) person guest (guest) Qi XIE (thank you) on Wu Zhu (sorry) no coherent (all right) Ya Do not block to the north (not tell) diesel stupid / stupid than just ducks (confused, do not know ) Xiao Li / Li Xiao death (shy) Wyatt with Iraq (like him / her) hard (terrible) stupid white / white kernel (idiot) glass slide (hard) Qingmang cattle (illiterate) dumb D / Cai stupid (idiot) only group of words (these words) I E Ru (me and you) with each other (help) Meng (fast) under fierce (quickly) Pei pai long (with face) complementary to (help) Life, supplies, animals and plants The human body, disease Head (eyes) Juice Head (tears) wool (hair) alcohol Cave (dimple) Tajiri River (bottom) waist keel (coccyx) floating fire (lit) Green ignorant of (blind) flood feces (diarrhea) waist Ju (humpback) Results mange pi (scab a) Zheng Jia Ju pumping (asthma), "Quan Xiao" Dog (Mad Dog) scale gau ky goi (the body of dirt) Action, behavior Ku (squat) Ji / Enterprise (station) lines (walk) and walk (run) the Air (see) incite (throwing) submerge (Tour) Mud (potential) water multitudinous the (water filled) ram (zhong) beat (beat ) tax (rental) swept (catch) Xiao / do not (know) Xi (intimacy) cried (yelling and shouting) scared (fear) beat barefoot (barefoot) Zhong (kill) Yi (sleep) Housed iam (quick look) Zi sai (place, such as a roof in the wind pot Zi) dia Chen (touch, as I Ah Chen was not in Iraq, Iran beat Iraq mile Ya I) earn ung (dip, such as earn garlic vinegar) Waugh ak (Pour, such as Wal-food) Sun suang (water, such as the Sun urine) She sek (fall, such as Postscript, etc. She died) Kang keng (possession, such as gold necklace Kang in the bottom section) let down tui (fall, such as the group of objects tied to the cable the Prevention of Cruelty to drop to) goblets tiam (hiding, such as Iraq goblets on the roof) and gather kao (pulling weeds, such as Weeding) molten yang (melting) mantle mua (put to, such as go down collar shirt refer Iran to the mantle) Za tsap (wet, such as Tongshen Zaza) Xiao da (dry, collar shirt Xiao a) Pao pa (hollow large, such as the group of packages catering to the Pao Pao) Er dzu (clutter, such as a dog within a Er Dou) utility, the chu bad otso (dirty, such as free bath? Ru bad enough utility, the chu evil juice) Mud bi (diving) chop huk (play, such as Thou shalt hand at the end due to chop) Zhuo dok (knock) "Bei Dao" poi (cut) Li loi (cut ) Nang len (push, such as the younger brother of A, complement Rong off) Nuo nak (catch, grip) Bian bian (slapped in the face) Lu lok (shake) Xi tsa (rolled up his pants) engine kia (cited) Bo pe (Breaking open) An a (cover your cover) bucket hou (water bucket Tin) Na nek (with pedal) Fei hui (four twists) Liao liao (slide) Tou tao (solved) Re rue (rubbing) Zun (s) Kitchen words Da tua (panning, such as the Da m) 熻 hip (steam) branded luat (fried) Cheuk cok (rolling in boiling water, such as playing Hearthside Cheuk Fei Leng) Ye sat (boiled, Ruru dark Aberdeen is Ye Mi Yi Shi cooking) Bi pet (baked, such as Bi squid) kaoliang cereals (rice) water spinach (spinach) to fly Leng (spinach) Thoughts, feelings Stimulated blood (angry) to provoke a heart (anxiety, irritability) his love (deliberately) forced sex (tempered) thick Programme (sick) mind (mind) By (crying) change surface (turn) to force the fire (crazy)
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Thesaurus
Teochew
Related Phrases
tongue
dialect
Chaoshan
Chaoshan culture
Containing Phrases
Cantonese, spoken in guangdong Nicety Heng If chaoshan Siji examination
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