In China, for the use of paint, nearly ten thousand years of history; some seven years ago, our ancestors have been able to create a lacquer. According to the 1978 cultural relics in Zhejiang Yuyao Hemudu found in red lacquer wooden bowls and red lacquer barrel, after the chemical and spectral analysis, the paint is lacquer. Xia, the lacquer varieties, better in the Warring States Period, lacquerware industry center stage, the formation of up to five centuries of unprecedented prosperity. According to records, management of Zhuangzi young paint industry has done a minor official. Warring States Period, lacquerware has a large production scale, was included in important national income, and _set_ up special management. Lacquer production process complicated, time-consuming work consumption, wide variety, not only for decorative furniture, utensils, stationery and art, but also for musical instruments, funerary equipment, weapons, etc., to some extent replaced the bronze. While the lacquer was very expensive, but bright and clean, washable, lightweight, thermal insulation, corrosion, and inlay decoration painting, form a beautiful color world. Tomb in Hubei Province have unearthed more than 220 pieces of lacquer ware. The lacquer is the earliest age of Chu in the most exciting, and the whole category, large-type, style, simplicity, reflecting the charm of Chu culture. To the Ming and Qing dynasties, the Chinese lacquer developed to its heyday. Paint technology and architecture, furniture, furnishings combined with the field by the utility turned to decorative furnishings, entered a gorgeous, complex decoration, caulking, grooves and other techniques as the basic process of ever-changing new era. Ming Dynasty, carving, and early in Jiaxing (Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province today) Xitang Zhang Cheng, Yang Mao as an example, the son of Zhang Cheng Liang Zhang Degang and package the inner court presided over government-run orchard plants for the production of paint. Chenghua, Koji between the inner court carving, and control fetal thinning, pattern Graceful ease, marking the end of Xitang sent lacquer has entered. Lacquer Dali is another place of origin, name of painting is only one known Wang Song. To Jiajing, Yunnan, and entered the inner court lacquered to replace Xitang School, one of the inner court lacquer to change. Characterized as a knife does not harbor front, edges do not wear cooked. Lacquer was lost art of the Ming and Qing, Qianlong four years to cover discrimination by the Ming Jiang carving carved like bamboo, weaving paint for the imitation of Suzhou successful, the court also mostly from Suzhou with lacquer making. Yangzhou lacquer with inlaid with mother, treasure and other varieties of embedded, the system of fine lacquer and colorful patterns. Name workers have Wangguo Chen and Lu Ying of the summer painting, etc., which improve the system, especially the red lacquer antique tick. Su, Yang Qing destroyed the two paint for the suppression of the Battle of the Taiping Revolution. Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware to known, color colorful, lightweight device body, by the name of the folder with the traditional work of Shen □ Zhaoan created by law.
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The Spread of Chinese lacquer
In Asia, Chinese lacquer spread to Korea and Japan. In 1913, waves of Ancient Music in Pyongyang County Han Dynasty unearthed a number of Chinese lacquer, such as the fairy dragon plate painting and so on. Tang Dynasty, a large number of lacquer and the folder css statues, Jin Yinping off, inlaid with mother and other decorative painting techniques spread to Japan. Nara Institute of possession of warehouse gold is off the flowers and birds pattern octagonal flat mirrors, boxes, such as the Tang Dynasty qin lacquer. Temple, Nara Toshodai statue of bodiless lacquerware "Seated Jianzhen", high 84 cm, is a disciple of Jianzhen years in Baoying (763) passed away in May when the production of Jianzhen. Song Dynasty, Hangzhou, Wenzhou, lacquer by Minnesota (now Ningbo) spread to Japan, Kamakura period Japanese craftsmen to imitate the production, called the Kamakura carving. Jiaxing Zhang Yuan Ming Jiang a tick into the red lacquer, etc. are by Qingyuan (now Ningbo) spread to Japan and was highly. Lung Temple Kyoto Photo Collection Ribbon Bird incense box into the models, was designated as a national treasure. Ming Dynasty Yongle year (1404), Yongle five years, the Chinese envoy to visit Japan, Hong carrying red tick boxes, car car, chair, face box frame, nearly 100 pieces of lacquer ware bowls, etc., but also to imitate the Japanese imperial craftsmen production. Ming, the Chinese living in Nagasaki red tick the works of craftsmen and BBC station is very popular in Japan, known as the head carving. Chinese cinnabar lacquer craftsmen in Japan to teach the production methods, promoting the development of Japanese lacquer red tick. Yangjiang fetal skin carved lacquer snuff bottle
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Lacquer species
Lacquer can be divided into: ① same color lacquer. Lacquer without any ornamentation. ② cover lacquer paint. Decoration in the same color lacquer or a layer of clear lacquer lacquer lacquer on the cover. ③ described lacquer paint. To paint, oil paint color lacquer decoration. ④ gilt lacquer. Decorated with gold lacquer patterns. ⑤ heap lacquer paint. Paint with thick paint or lacquer ashes out of the pattern. ⑥ lacquer paint filling. Engrave carved lacquer surface in the pattern, then fill trap paint, polished lacquer dry. Yangjiang fetal skin carved lacquer snuff bottle ⑦ closure of gold lacquer. Engrave outlined in the lacquer surface pattern, and filled in the pattern of gold lacquer. ⑧ fill carved lacquer ware. Complete closure with gold paint and decorative techniques of combining the two painted lacquer. ⑨ lacquer inlaid with mother. Used after grinding, cutting thin shells as lacquer inlaid decoration. ⑩ carved lacquer. Many times the objects Taigu painting, to a considerable thickness of the layers of accumulation, then a knife carving patterns in the paint on the lacquer ware, including the red tick, tick color, tick rhino and other species. Rhino skin lacquer. The paint to make the rugged son of the top layer of different paint finishes, and finally polished to form a circle in the paint layers of lacquer. Section color lacquer. Pattern carved in the finish, pattern or color of oil paint filled, after filling pattern sunken, gray carved lacquer known. Babolat inlaid lacquer. Ivory, coral, jade, jade and other precious materials into a variety of objects inlaid embossed surface lacquer. Bodiless lacquerware. With the lacquer will be of silk, linen and other fabrics attached to the soil paste, made of wood or plaster on the inner tube, formed after laminating several layers of tire; and then take off inner tubes, tire made center empty. Then tire as objects made of lacquer Taigu.
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Encyclopedia
qiqi Lacquerware lacquer Paint on wood, fabric, metal, bamboo strips, utensils made of leather and other materials on Taigu finishing, and decorative patterns pattern crafts. Evolution of the natural lacquer sap from the lacquer tree, after refining, and then transferred to a variety of pigments, the preparation of a different color paints. Not only brilliant with it for paint, but also resistant to moisture, high temperature, corrosion and other special properties. Neolithic Age, the Chinese ancestors had known the performance of paint and used controller. Zhejiang Yuyao Hemudu unearthed a wooden bowls, handsome in appearance, both inside and outside coated with red paint, bright color. In the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Dadianzi Aohan Gu-shaped tomb unearthed in eggshell lacquer Zhu, dating back about 3400 ~ 3600 years. Huangpi Panlong City in Hubei, Hebei Gaocheng Taihsi, Anyang, Henan Shang Houjiazhuang other sites found in the wooden coffin wooden board painted red lacquer prints, carved or inlaid turquoise, clam shells, jade, lacquer, has reached a very high level. Western Zhou Dynasty more than lacquer painted or mosaic pattern as a decorative bubble mussels, which, "clam group pattern" is a system early lacquer inlaid with mother. Lang Chuang Shandong Linzi fragments found in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty lacquer painted figures, houses, birds and flowers, is now known earlier painting. Lacquer in the history of the Warring States is a significant development period, unearthed in many varieties, there are coffins, wooden figurines, ear cups, Lian, boxes, musical instruments, weapons accessories, leather armor, bows and arrows, etc., in Taigu, shape and painted decoration techniques on both innovative. □ folder has appeared, it is thin-walled, light weight, shape changing smart, is the predecessor of bodiless lacquerware. Han lacquer origin widely distributed in Sichuan, Hunan-based. Attractive appearance and diversification of objects, and the emergence of large cap diameter of more than 70cm, a height of about 60cm the clock. New techniques have to carve a pattern after the filling needle closure of gold and gold paint with a thick raised pattern into a heap Duisu paint. The objects of the rim, top, corners, ears, etc., gold, silver, or inlaid jade, glass beads, and add the silver foil floral to painted clouds, rocks and other background, dead gorgeous. Tang Dynasty, reached the unprecedented level of lacquer, useful things like shells and cut into, the applied line carving, inlaid in the finish lacquer inlaid with mother into a pattern; useful for gold, silver flower mosaic from the Jin Yinping off-chip devices, and the emergence of tick red lacquer. □ Statues Tang folder has also been developed to meet the needs of the Buddhist community respect. Song Dynasty, the famous lacquer ware producing areas in Wenzhou and Hangzhou. Tick red, gilt, closure of gold, lacquer and other tick rhino is very delicate. Yuan, a wide variety of lacquer ware, one of the most important lacquer inlaid with mother, closure and lacquered in gold lacquer red lacquer tick, tick rhino lacquer. Yuan is the highest achievement in lacquer carving, which is characterized by hypertrophy of the heap paint, carve with a knife hidden plump rounded front of the pattern, composition full symmetry, structured, and focus on grinder. Zhang Cheng craftsmen are famous, Yang Mao. Beijing Palace Museum have now become the gardenia pattern tick sheets red disc, Yang Mao's Red Octagon Waterfall chart tick boxes. Ming Dynasty, lacquerware with greater development. Palace Gong Jian, QC, for monitoring under the paint, paint for. In the Yongle to Xuande period (1403 ~ 1435) Let Orchard Factory, specialized production of lacquer ware. Folk lacquer production also is widely distributed. Jiaxing, Zhejiang, known to tick the red lacquer, inherited the tradition of the Yuan Dynasty, the famous son of craftsmen with Zhang Cheng Zhang Degang. Yangzhou lacquer inlaid with mother and a thin inlaid lacquer known treasure. The former has a thousand miles Jiang Ming Jiang, who has skillfully weeks Zhu, Beijing's Palace Museum and the Museum of History in possession of their work. According to historical records, Dali also carved lacquer known, but does not pay attention to hidden blade front, nor pay attention to mill workers, and Jiaxing in carved lacquer style is very different. Suzhou, Beijing mainly to outline in gold lacquer, well-known craftsmen with Jiang Hui, Yang Xun. Shanxi xinjiang to fill carved lacquer ware, lacquer-based tick rhino. Anhui Xin Cheng famous yellow lacquer craftsman, Fang Xinchuan. Huang Cheng author of "Xiushi record," seized the year (1622) issue by the world, is the ancient Chinese classic lacquer. Qing Dynasty, the palace has a lacquer workshop, in addition, the development of civil society are generally lacquer. Fuzhou bodiless lacquerware based, well-known craftsmen have Shen Shao An. Guangdong to outline in gold lacquer, lacquer inlaid with mother-dominated; Yangjiang lacquer objects more practical to leather for the tires, light weight, resistant to moisture, waterproof, durable. Beijing to lacquer-based. Guizhou generous lacquer to Mapi for tires, paint fill color, unique style. Yangzhou, Jiangsu, and Lu Lu Ying Kwai of Health, Wang Guochen other treasure embedded in the Ming Dynasty inherited the tradition of lacquer ware. Sichuan lacquer painting by the famous ground. Qing lacquer painted decorative techniques are also varied, with cover painting, the depiction of paint, gilt, pile paint, carved fill, bodiless, inlaid with mother, treasure embedded, closure of gold, rhino skin, carving, and illuminated (full gold lacquer coating, or and Cai Qi combination) and so on. China