Onodera Yunshan regression, thin people smoke. Fishy fish market near the water, sails off the breeze slightly. Crows to brush tree dusk, the white birds welcome the ship. My life is music ocean, still fear and heart illegally.
In the river, the sea shore with piers, etc., to facilitate berthing, loading and unloading passengers and cargo up and down the place. Some ports both aviation equipment.
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gǎng kǒu
Have terminal facilities for ships calling at, people and goods up and down in place
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舟回至两山间
Boat back to the two mountains, will enter the port, there are rocks which flow can take 100 people. - Song Su "Shak Chung Shan Ji"
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又如
Another example: Trade Port
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河湾入口处
Bend at the entrance. Song Su "Shak Chung Shan Ji": "boat back to the two mountains, will enter the port, there are rocks which flow can take 100 people."
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地方
Rivers, lakes, sea coast, with certain equipment and conditions for the ship docked, passengers up and down, and loading and unloading goods. Per week up to view "total Syrian Customs of Cambodia": "Since the open ocean, Wenzhou, line DingWei needle, Li Min-wide foreign states were the port." Wei Wei "Eastern" part IV of Chapter XII: "not open to the surface vessel, rumor has spread, to a port that we'll be back in Malta. "
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No. 8
Lianyungang port complaints telephone complaints Tel :0518 -5525559 tourism Jiangsu Tourism complaints Tel :025-83418185 National Tourism complaints Tel :010-65275315 Lianyungang Lianyungang is located across the country things - the eastern end of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway, September 12, 1990 China's Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway and the railway linking the West on the Soviet Union, Lianyungang has become the new Eurasian Continental Bridge East bridgehead. New Eurasian Continental Bridge from Lianyungang, west to Rotterdam, the Netherlands, a total length of 10,900 kilometers, international direct trains running only 7 days to connect the Pacific and Atlantic, to strengthen international political, economic and cultural exchanges facilitated conditions. Lianyungang Port 6 km north of dao as a natural barrier, relying on the south Yuntaishan, two km wide Strait, climate and other natural conditions, is a year-round ice-free harbor, is one of China's eight seaports. Lianyungang Originally known as "prison pit", the ancient prisoners banished to the periphery. To the beginning of this century, it was still a kingdom of nature. In 1908, the Postal Department dynasty Dynasty assistant minister, the board of civil Shilang Xuantong, Haizhou Pei Yun Shen Longhai Railway proposal to _set_ up. In 1925, the railway through the territory of Lianyungang. After the Revolution, Sun Yat-sen in the "nation-building strategy", the idea of the Lianyungang into a giant ship that can accommodate the second port. Due to the war, the plan is not implemented. Today, Lianyungang has built 27 berths, an annual handling capacity of nearly 30 million tons; with the world's 154 countries and regions, nearly a thousand ports in navigation links, has opened in Lianyungang to Hong Kong, Japan and Southeast Asia nearly 50 fixed container liner routes. Lianyungang port, there is a waterfront clock tower stands, 37 meters high, the bottom circle on the upper walls inlaid with four large clock, around the clock with a beautiful bell music and clear report to the people of the time. This is built in 1933, Lianyungang railway station clock tower, which is the eastern end of the Longhai railway sign.
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No. 9
Port is a water and land transport equipment and conditions, and parking for the safety of the ship and out of the transportation hub. Is the assembly point and the water and land transportation hub for industrial and agricultural products and import and export goods distribution center, ship berthing, loading and unloading cargo, passengers, resupply place. Because the port is linked inland and maritime transport (International Air Transport), a natural interface, so people have the port as an international logistics of a particular node.
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Port History
The port is the most primitive natural harbor, a natural cover of the bay, inlets, estuaries and other places for ship berthing. With the business and shipping industry, natural harbor can not meet the needs of economic development, to be built with piers, jetties and artificial port handling machinery equipment, which is the beginning of construction of the port. Appeared in the early 19th century steam-powered ships, so the ship's tonnage, the increasing scale and draft for the deep-water pool and an artificial channel into the port requires the use of dredging equipment after the construction of modern port was developed. Land transport, especially rail transport large quantities of goods will be delivered and transported from the port, which greatly promoted the development of port construction.
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Port Categories
2.1 port can be divided into basic and non-basic ports in Hong Kong (1) basic port (base port): Freight shipping company is given the performance of the boat anchored in the port are generally on a regular basis. Mostly located in the center of the larger ports, port facilities are better, more stable cargo. Provides for the basic port is no longer limited volume. Basic goods destined for ports in general are direct transport, without intermediate trans-shipment. But sometimes because of too little volume, the ship decided diverted from the ship to arrange, undertake transshipment costs. Basic port by cargo freight rates charged to freight trans-shipment shall not be subject to additional fees or direct charges. And bill of lading should be issued directly. (2) non-essential port (non-base port): Where the basic port to a port outside are called non-essential ports. Non-basic ports in addition to the basic general port charges, the need to ship another surcharge surcharges. When you reach a certain volume to subject direct surcharge. For example, New Guinea, flights Hou Niamey wax Port (honiara), is a basic port of the Solomon Islands; and Kieta Harbour (kieta), the non-basic ports. Kieta port cargo shipped in freight rates Hou Niamey wax on the basis of increased freight rates to ship an additional fee $ 43.00 (usd) / ft. 2.2 Classification by purpose Port by zoning, there are commercial ports, naval port, harbor, haven, etc.; by the location of points, there are estuary port, sea and river ports and so on. (1) estuary port In river estuaries or tidal estuary segment, and can ship and riverboat services for the. Generally rely on large cities for water and land transportation, inland waterways inland to tend to the vast economic hinterland, taking a large flow of goods, so many of the world are built in the port near the mouth, such as Rotterdam, London, Hong Kong, New York Harbor, Leningrad Le Hong Kong, Shanghai and so on. Estuary port is characterized by the arrangement of terminal facilities along the river, not far from the sea but do not need to build the breakwater, such as length of coastline is not entitled to an additional dig-in basin. (2) harbor (3) river port Natural or man-made canal located on the river ports, including lakes and reservoirs in Hong Kong in Hong Kong. Lakes and reservoirs in Hong Kong in Hong Kong waters wide, sometimes large waves, so there are many similarities with the harbor, such as the construction of breakwaters and so often need. Soviet Kuibyshev, Tsimlyansk other large reservoirs on the port and small port on China Hongze are in this category.
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Port component
Port formed by the waters and land, as shown. 3.1 Water Typically include inbound channel, anchorage and harbor. ① approach channel to ensure safe and convenient access to shipping ports, must have sufficient depth and width, the appropriate location, direction and bend radius of curvature, to avoid the strong cross-wind, cross-flow and serious siltation, minimizing the opening and maintenance of waterway costs. When the port is situated deep waterfront section, low tide or low water when the ship sailed the natural water depth is adequate when required, without human excavation path, but the ship to mark out the most safe and convenient access to the port route. If you can not meet the above conditions and requirements of ships entering and leaving the port at all times shall be excavated artificial waterway. Artificial waterway sub-channel and two-way one-way channel. The channel width of the large vessels of 80 to 300 meters, the small vessels of 50 to 60 meters. ② anchorage means a natural cover or artificial cover conditions that can withstand strong winds and waves of water, the ship can anchor in this, waiting for berthing or leaving port. If the lack of deep-water berths port can also be carried out in this ship to ship loading and unloading of water. Inland barge fleet can engage in a series, teams and solutions for drag (round) operations. ③ basin refers to the land area adjacent to the port directly, by ship from the pier for temporary stop and turn around and ship the waters. The form of sub-basin by construction, there are open-basin, a closed basin and dug-in basin. Basin-scale measure should be based on the ship, the ship away from the dock by the way, the impact of water flow and wind direction and turn around to determine the layout and other waters. Open-basin within the gate or no locks, the water changes with the water level down. Closed basin with pool gate or lock, to control the water level for tidal range the larger region. Dug-in basin excavation in the bank from the ground, used for less than the length of coastline, terrain conditions suitable place. 3.2 Land
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Port equipment
Intermittent operation of onshore facilities, including loading and unloading machinery (gantry-type, tire type, vehicle type, bridge and container cranes, unloading, etc.), continuous operation of loading and unloading machinery and equipment (belt conveyors, bucket elevator, compression air and water delivery devices and pumping stations, etc.), power supply lighting equipment, communications equipment, water supply and drainage equipment, fire equipment. Inland port on the transport machinery and equipment, including trains, trucks, self-propelled truck and pipeline equipment. Water handling and transportation machinery, including crane, tugs, barges and other vessels in port operations, underwater pipelines and so on.
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Technical characteristics of the port
There are deep water ports, the number of berths, terminal length, height and other port land area. Depth 5.1 port Port an important landmark. Port conditions and for ships that use the basic limits. Increasing water depth may be more acceptable draft vessels, but will increase the amount of dredging, hydraulic structures to increase the cost of port and maintenance costs. Driving and parking in ensuring the safety of the ship, under the premise throughout the depth of the port were determined according to requirements, not exactly the same. Hong Kong to have the tide, when the approach channel dredging excessive, consider the tide the ship out of Hong Kong. Modern port for large ocean-going vessel dry dock pier depth of 10 to 15 meters, a large tanker terminal 10 to 20 meters. 5.2 Number of Berths Species were determined according to the goods. Except for loading and unloading cargo and passengers up and down the outside of the required parking spaces, but also assisted in the harbor of ships and ship repair berths. 5.3 Terminal length According to the captain may also docked at the pier and the ship to determine the spacing between the security. Land elevation 5.4 port According to the design high water level to determine the high value added, does not require high water flooded port. To reduce the project cost to determine the Port Land elevation, the port should be considered to dig, fill volume balance. Port expansion or renovation, the pier and the original front elevation should be back land elevation compatible port, road and rail vehicles in order to facilitate operation. The same operation area of each terminal is usually the same elevation. 6 port planning Port construction involves a wide range, related to the near rail, road and urban construction, to the country's industrial layout and industrial and agricultural production. Must follow the overall arrangement, rational distribution, distance combination of phased construction on the principle of the country, especially in coastal port construction plan. Implement the use of deep water depth, shallow water light with the principle of rational development and utilization or the protection of the state of port resources. The development of pre-planning to do the port hinterland socio-economic surveys, to ascertain the Betterment of Hong Kong's natural conditions, choose a good Hong Kong site, to determine the reasonable size of the project and overall planning. Port planning and city development plans should be close cooperation and coordination. Environmental issues in the overall plan must be in an important position to consider, properly configured the sea, Riverside Park and the coastal resort facilities, strict to prevent pollution of the surrounding environment. 6.1 Hong Kong-site _select_ion An important step in the planning of the port, the port range of economic hinterland, transportation, and industrial and agricultural production and mineral deposit types of goods, goods and freight is an important basis to determine the port site; to extensive research, analysis and appraisal. Natural conditions is to determine the site's technology infrastructure in Hong Kong, so the conditional build Hong Kong's harbor project area should be measured, coastal hydrology, meteorology, geology, topography and other in-depth research, supplemented by the necessary scientific experiments, and then to Hong Kong Address compare options, in order to achieve technically possible and economically reasonable. 6.2 General layout of the port Port engineering priority. Its task is to port the various operating areas and port waters and land areas of the various components and engineering facilities and reasonable layout, so that all loading and unloading and transport operations systems, production systems, building and auxiliary building mutual cooperation and coordination to improve integrated through the port, reduce transportation costs.
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Port Hydraulic Structures
Generally include breakwaters, docks, ship repair and shipbuilding hydraulic structures. Navigation of ships entering and leaving facilities (beacon, lighthouse, etc.) also belong to the port and harbor revetment range of hydraulic structures. Port the design of hydraulic structures, in addition to meeting the general strength, stiffness, stability (including anti-seismic stability) and _set_tlement requirements, we must also pay special attention to waves, currents, sediment, ice and other dynamic factors port the role of hydraulic structures and water environment (mainly water) corrosion of the building, and take the appropriate erosion, silting, seepage, abrasion, corrosion and other measures. 7.1 breakwater Located outside the port waters, to withstand storms, to ensure a steady water harbor hydraulic structures. Prominent toward the surface waters connected with the shore, said a jetty. Stand in the water and the shore of that island is not connected to the embankment. Ditou outer surface or between two Ditou as port entrances. The number of entrances and exit door width should meet the ship in the harbor parking, loading and unloading operations out of the water stable and static port navigation safety, convenience requirements. Sometimes, the breakwater is also used to prevent sediment and ice and invasion in the harbor. Often double as the inside of the breakwater pier. Breakwater embankment line layout in the form of a single jetty, dual jetty type, island type and mixed type breakwater. To enable water to pledge allegiance to reduce sediment intrusion in the harbor, often arranged into the embankment axis surrounded by like. Breakwater cross-section shape and its influence on the wave can be divided into: sloping, vertical, mixed-style, through the empty type, floating, and with jet water wave wave devices and other types of equipment. Generally use the first three types: ① slope breakwater. Common types are rockfill and rockfill breakwater concrete prism plus the breakwater armor blocks. Breakwater slope requirements of low bearing capacity, can make the best; construction is more simple, no large-scale lifting devices, easy to repair after damage. Waves breaking on the slope, reflecting minor, wave good performance. Generally applies to soft ground. The disadvantage is the large amount of material, armor rock or artificial due to the weight of the smaller block, under the action of the waves rolled easily lost and require frequent repair. ② vertical breakwater. Can be divided into gravity and pile type. Gravity is generally the walls, the base composition of bed and parapet, they use a box-type caisson wall structure by the weight of the building itself remains stable, rugged and durable, with less material, which can double as terminals inside, and for waves ground water depth are larger and better situation. The disadvantage is in the walls before the reflected wave, wave less effective. Steel sheet pile pile generally constitute a continuous or large pile walls, sheet pile walls or between wall filled with rock, its strength and durability is poor, poor soil for the foundation and the wave is relatively small. ③ hybrid breakwater. The higher BenQ bed is vertical and sloping embankment upper structure of the complex, suitable for deep water situations. Breakwater construction is currently increasing to deep water, they use a large deep-water breakwater caisson structure. Breakwater on the slope and the lower use of hybrid artificial breakwater blocks of type are also increasing, getting better and better wave performance. 7.2 Terminal For ship docking, loading and unloading cargo and passengers up and down the hydraulic structures. Widely used is the vertical dock, docked ships and machinery to facilitate the drive directly to the quay, in order to improve handling efficiency. River water level difference of the areas can be sloping pier, ramp front of the dock with a barge for use; the loading dock as many links, cutting-edge mechanical difficulty near the pier, loading and unloading inefficiencies. Small difference in water level of rivers, lakes, and by natural or artificial cover also can be used within the harbor basin floating dock, with the bridge approach to the barge and shore activities linked, this pier is generally used as passenger terminal, landing pier, ferry terminal and other auxiliary terminals. Terminal structure in the form of gravity, high-pile and sheet pile type. Mainly based on the requirements, natural conditions and construction conditions into account to determine. ① gravity wharf. Weight range of buildings and structures by the weight of fill material to maintain stability, structural integrity, durable, easy to repair after damage, there is a whole style of masonry and prefabricated for a better foundation. ② high-pile pier. From the pile and the upper structures, the lower part of the pile into the soil, the upper part above the water, the upper plate beam structure, non-beam large plate, frame and bearing desktop and so on. High-pile wharf structure is through the air, waves and currents can be passed below the pier, the wave reflection does not occur, does not affect the flood discharge, and reduce siltation, for soft ground. In recent years, extensive use of long pile, long-span structures, and gradually with a large prestressed concrete columns or steel columns instead of a smaller cross-section of the pile, and to become column pier. ③ sheet pile wharf. By the sheet pile walls and anchorages facilities form, and with sheet piles and anchorages to withstand ground facilities and the use of load generated by the side wall filling pressure. Sheet pile wharf structure is simple, fast construction, unless otherwise hard or too weak foundation, but can be used, but the poor structural integrity and durability. 7.3 shipbuilding ship repair and hydraulic structures With slipway and dock-type two kinds. Ship by slipway for repairs to the ship to be draw-off stage, underwater hull repaired after the opposite direction along the water, water in the ship repair dock for hull repairs and installation of parts or replacement of boat Equipment. New ships on the slipway to assemble and paint the hull underwater part of the water after the ship loading dock equipment, installation and painting boat hull water machine parts. Divided into dry dock and floating dock dock.
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Port Construction
There are many parts of the port construction and other civil engineering works the same, but has its own characteristics. Often in deep water port project, waves of the sea or river water level on the construction of large amplitude, large water projects, high quality requirements, short construction period, some of the harbor is also affected by a typhoon or other storms. Therefore requested to take as much as possible high degree of assembly, the construction speed of the construction program, to shorten the time for water operations. And to take practical measures to ensure the stability of buildings during construction to prevent landslides or other forms of destruction. Because improper construction methods or the generation mechanism and destructive storms lack of knowledge, inadequate measures, resulting in the destruction of buildings during construction cases have occurred, should be cited as a reference.
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The development of Chinese ports
The first five years of the 21st century, China's port industry with unstoppable momentum, to create a miracle, cargo throughput and container throughput soared for three consecutive years, the port industry ranks the world top. "15" A total of 10 ports Yiduntaigang ranks among the world, including Shanghai port throughput in 2005 for the first time more than Singapore and Hong Kong, to become truly the world's largest port. To the end of 2006, the port has a million-ton production berths 1030, China's port throughput of 4.91 billion tons, up 17.7%; complete container throughput of 75.8 million TEUs, an increase of 23%. China's port cargo throughput and container throughput for three consecutive years has ranked first in the world. In 2006, the coastal port construction completed 131.3 billion yuan, the new expansion of 129 berths, 76-ton deep-water berths, additional handling capacity of 190 million tons, the Bohai Sea, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta coastal ports are beginning to take shape, the terminal berth to the large-scale, specialized. 2007, China's port cargo throughput of 5.6 billion tons, up 15.4%; container throughput 93 million TEUs, up 26%; 4-year consecutive world. In 2007, the coastal port of the newly expanded 252 berths, of which 144-ton deep-water berths, additional handling capacity of 495 million tons, river ports additional handling capacity of 67.2 million tons. Port production since 2008, continued the good development momentum in recent years. 2008, 1-10 months, above-scale port cargo throughput 800.21 million tons, an increase of 21%. The coastal port of completed 598.59 million tons, up 18.4%; river ports completed 201.81 million tons, an increase of 29.3%. October 2008, above-scale port cargo throughput of 379.11 million tons, completed 285.22 million tons of the coastal ports, river ports completed 93.89 million tons. Growth of the industry, the port industry in 1990, the best period of expansion since the industry-related investment risk. The future construction of Container Terminal port construction will be the focus of January 1, 2004 "Port Law", to encourage domestic and foreign economic organizations or individuals to invest in ports, business, investment in port construction in China to broaden the channels, investment in port construction in China, business diversification and improvement of mechanisms to provide legal protection. In 2008, following the approval of the State Council, Ministry of Railways last month, 20,000 billion railway investment plan, a transportation department brewing the next three to five years, plans to invest 500 trillion. This 5 trillion-scale investments, including projects under construction, the project has been planned and additional investment will involve highways, waterways, ports and terminals building.
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Encyclopedia
gangkou Port port A certain area of water and land, access and parking for the ship, cargo and passenger distribution place. Port for the ship's mission is to provide safe docking facilities, the timely completion of cargo and passengers from the ship to shore or shore to ship and from ship to ship transfer, and ship supplies, repair and other technical services, and service. History in the West, the Mediterranean coast there are many important ancient port. South of the Greek island of Crete in this period Meisa La culture sites in Hong Kong. Phoenicians around 2700 BC built in the eastern Mediterranean port of Sidon and Tyre, Hong Kong (in today Lebanon). Since then, the construction of the famous north African port of Carthage (in present Tunisia). Ancient Greece in the Mani peninsula west of Appalachian built Bileikesi port. Macedonian king Alexander in 332 BC in Alexandria, Egypt built the north shore. Roman Tiber River in the construction of Ostia port (in this Italy). Industrial revolution, began a massive port construction. The world's ports for international trade has more than 2,000, of which over 100 million tons of throughput with the Port of Rotterdam, New York Harbor, the Port of Kobe, Yokohama, Shanghai and so on. Port of Rotterdam's annual throughput of 300 million tons. Guangzhou, China in the Han Dynasty established the Hong Kong, Southeast Asia and Indian Ocean countries with trade. Later, the establishment of the Hangzhou Port, Port of Wenzhou, Quanzhou Hong Kong and other foreign trade port pe. To the Tang Dynasty, there are Minnesota Hong Kong (now Ningbo Port) Yangzhou and Hong Kong. Minnesota directly across the sea from the port to Japan; Yangzhou Port in the Grand Canal and the intersection of the Yangtze River, water and land transportation hub for the then, the Yangtze River East through Japan or by the South China Sea west Arabia. Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the establishment of Fuzhou, Xiamen and Shanghai and other foreign trade port. Port a variety of methods can be classified categories. According to location, the port can be divided into a river port, coastal port and estuary port. River port was built on the river (including canals), lakes and reservoirs within the port, referred to the river port for the inland shipping and passenger transportation services. Hong Kong is built on the coast or the Gulf coast within the port, mainly for offshore and ocean-going ships and their passenger and cargo transport services. Estuary port construction in the estuary of the river near the sea or on tidal rivers, and for the ship and riverboat services. Hong Kong and the coastal estuaries referred to the harbor. By use of the port can be divided into commercial ports, naval port, fishing port, industrial port and safe haven. Passenger and freight transportation services for the commercial port is the port. Naval ships are designed for parking, material supply and repair the used port. Fishing boats are designed for parking, unloading the catch, refrigeration, processing, transport and repair of fishing gear such as the use of additional ports. Industrial factories and enterprises in Hong Kong is a dedicated port; in large commercial port, the industrial enterprises dedicated terminal, cargo terminal is called. Safe haven for ships designed to avoid the storm, and to obtain additional materials for maintenance purposes, etc. According to whether the import of foreign goods for customs formalities, customs port and the port can be divided into a free port. Hong Kong imports of foreign customs requirements
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English Expression
n.: Ports, seaport, navigation opening, harbor
French Expression
n. port
Thesaurus
Gangkou District, firth, harbor Ports Community Gangkou Village Ports Juweihui Gangkou Town gangkou Township
portland