astronomical : marine science : animal : marine products : protect the environment : metallurgy : Vessel Ports : build : contaminate > contaminants



Contents ·No. 1 ·No. 2 ·性质 ·分类 ·百科大全 ·English Expression ·Thesaurus ·Related Phrases ·Containing Phrases ·Classification details ·More results... No. 1 　　Environment can directly or indirectly harmful to human survival and development and changes in the material. By a natural or from human activity. Affected by environmental factors contaminated, sub-atmospheric pollutants, water pollutants and soil pollutants. Pollutants in the environment by physical, chemical and morphological variations, sub-one pollutants and secondary pollutants. Translated by Google No. 2 　　污染物，英文为pollutant。通常，污染物是指进入环境后能够直接或者间接危害人类的物质。 　　还可以解释为：进入环境后使得环境的正常组成发生变化，直接或者间接有害于人类的物质。 　　实际上，污染物可以定义为：进入环境后使环境的正常组成发生变化，直接或者间接有害于生物生长、发育和繁殖的物质。污染物的作用对象是包括人在内的所有生物。 　　环境污染物是指由于人类的活动进入环境，使环境正常组成和性质发生改变，直接或者间接有害于生物和人类的物质。 性质 　　污染物往往本是生产中的有用物质，有的甚至是人和生物必需的营养元素。但如没有充分利用而大量排放，或不加以回收和重复利用，就会成为环境中的污染物。因此，一种物质成为污染物，必须在特定的环境中达到一定的数量或浓度，并且持续一定的时间。数量或浓度低于某个水平（如低于环境标准容许值或不超过环境自净能力）或只短暂地存在，不会造成环境污染。例如铬是人体必需的微量元素，氮和磷是植物的营养元素。如果它们较长时期在环境中浓度较高，就会造成人体中毒、水体富营养化等有害后果。 　　有的污染物进入环境后，通过化学或物理反应或在生物作用下会转变成新的危害更大的污染物，也可能降解成无害的物质。不同污染物同时存在时，由于拮抗或协同作用，会使毒性降低或增大。 　　随着人类生产的发展，技术的进步，原有污染物的排放量和种类会逐渐减少。但与此同时，也会发现和产生更多新的污染物。 分类 　　污染物可有多种分类方法。按污染物的来源可分为自然来源的污染物和人为来源的污染物，有些污染物(如二氧化硫)既有自然来源的又有人为来源的。按受污染物影响的环境要素可分为大气污染物、水体污染物、土壤污染物等。按污染物的形态可分为气体污染物、液体污染物和固体废物。按污染物的性质可分为化学污染物、物理污染物和生物污染物；化学污染物又可分为无机污染物和有机污染物；物理污染物又可分为噪声、微波辐射、放射性污染物等；生物污染物又可分为病原体、变应原污染物等。按污染物在环境中物理、化学性状的变化可分为一次污染物和二次污染物。此外，为了强调污染物对人体的某些有害作用，还可划分出致畸物、致突变物和致癌物、可吸入的颗粒物以及恶臭物质等。 百科大全 　　wuranwu 　　污染物 　　pollutant 　　　　进入环境后使环境的正常组成和性质发生直接或间接有害于人类的变化的物质。这类物质有的是自然界释放的，有的是人类活动产生的。环境科学研究的主要是人类生产和生活排放的污染物。 　　　　性质　污染物往往本是生产中的有用物质，有的甚至是人和生物必需的营养元素。但如没有充分利用而大量排放，或不加以回收和重复利用，就会成为环境中的污染物。因此，一种物质成为污染物，必须在特定的环境中达到一定的数量或浓度，并且持续一定的时间。数量或浓度低于某个水平（如低于环境标准容许值或不超过环境自净能力）或只短暂地存在，不会造成环境污染。例如铬是人体必需的微量元素，氮和磷是植物的营养元素。如果它们较长时期在环境中浓度较高，就会造成人体中毒、水体富营养化等有害后果。 　　　　有的污染物进入环境后，通过化学或物理反应或在生物作用下会转变成新的危害更大的污染物，也可能降解成无害的物质。不同污染物同时存在时，由于拮抗或协同作用，会使毒性降低或增大。 　　　　随着人类生产的发展，技术的进步，原有污染物的排放量和种类会逐渐减少。但与此同时，也会发现和产生更多新的污染物。 　　　　分类　污染物可有多种分类方法。按污染物的来源可分为自然来源的污染物和人为来源的污染物，有些污染物(如二氧化硫)既有自然来源的又有人为来源的。按受污染物影响的环境要素可分为大气污染物、水体污染物、土壤污染物等。按污染物的形态可分为气体污染物、液体污染物和固体废物。按污染物的性质可分为化学污染物、物理污染物和生物污染物；化学污染物又可分为无机污染物和有机污染物；物理污染物又可分为噪声、微波辐射、放射性污染物等；生物污染物又可分为病原体、变应原污染物等。按污染物在环境中物理、化学性状的变化可分为一次污染物和二次污染物。此外，为了强调污染物对人体的某些有害作用，还可划分出致畸物、致突变物和致癌物、可吸入的颗粒物以及恶臭物质等。 　　　　 （赵殿五） 　　　　 English Expression n.:  contaminants,  contamination,  pollutant,  substance that contaminates things Thesaurus alloy pollutant Related Phrases environment Biology agriculture biochemistry Wikipedia Daquan chemistry oxide Environmental Monitoring Nitrogen oxides aldrin inorganic matter industry stuff build cyclopedia phrase protect the environment Air quality chemical industry organism Food Additive More results... Containing Phrases pollutant Micropollutants each contaminants water contaminants Contaminants Name air pollutants inorganic pollutant Pollutant levels Pollutant monitoring Pollutant distribution Identification of pollutants Pollutant analysis Pollutant pathways pollution pollutants in automobile exhaust release of pollutants domestic pollutant agricultural pollutant body contaminants contaminants migrate decorate contaminants hydraulic pressure contaminants environment contaminants form of poluttants primary pollutant secondary pollutant gaseous pollutant housing contaminants marine pollutant toxic pollutant organic pollutant airborne contaminants Oils contaminants Acid-Bases contaminants contaminants characterise transformation of pollutants priority contaminants contaminants in food soil pollutant contaminants release Youye contaminants gaseous pollutants solid contaminants being contaminants balteum Contaminants of Waiyuan contaminants primary pollutant chiasm contaminants 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substances effluent Liquid wastes aerosol Agricultural wastes Litter thermal pollution Industrial noise hazardous wastes Commercial noise Composite pollution Hospital wastes Industrial emissions Industrial fumes Micropollutants Mining wastes Motor vehicle emissions Municipal waste Odour nuisance Organic pollutants Persistent organic pollutants Pharmaceutical wastes Plastic wastes Rubber waste Toxic waste Wood waste