Germany in the east, Spree River Note Ru Weier mouth of the city, one of the major international transport hub; area of 833 square kilometers, population 3,433,000 (1990) Germany's capital and largest city. Population 3.48 million (1993). With electrical, electronic and precision instruments industries. Strangulation East, Western Europe and South, the Nordic hub, an important international transport hub. City building grand, classical palace-style architecture and modern buildings pavilions. Suburban Duosen Lin, lakes. Tourism development.
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No. 2
Best time to travel in Berlin: Berlin is located in northeastern Germany, higher latitudes, and thus lower the temperature throughout the year, but Berlin, even icy, frozen lake, when, could perhaps be considered very beautiful, but no question this is a suitable summer tourist city. Because starting from May, as winter began to warm in Berlin, Berlin, and 9 months later they entered a "winter", so go to Berlin travel, best to avoid winter travel. Berlin Folk Festivals: International Green Week, January In fact, an international agricultural fair, but the influx of tens of thousands of Berliners exhibition aims taste food from other countries. Bicycle race Cycling stars from various countries at the starting point ready to compete. "Six bike race" in the Landsberg new Siberian spruce avenue paved edge of the oval field started cycling. Athletes are not night and day. But the old sports tradition has been continued. International boat show in February Berlin Bangshui built, there are many water users, and thus the international ship Expo timing, location advantage. International Film Festival From 1951, two years since 1956 into the Golden Bear and Silver Bear award 1, unfortunately, many times in winter. Play film festival cinema film entries from around the world, although not much to Berlin's star, but this is still a lot of the audience came. International Tourism Trade Fair in March This is the world's largest tourism fair, exhibitors from various countries, some countries may not have heard of the name. There are many colorful paper page can take home, while many experts together to discuss how to stimulate the tourist city of greater development. May Cultural Carnival National costumes from around the world. Traditional style and dance style - a festival first held in 1996, Croatia became so by Ci Beige in the way people think: immigrants and foreign guests colorful mix. June Jazz Festival International Jazz Festival, held in the world, building style. Drama Festival Jury from all Germany, Austria and Switzerland plays about 10 works _select_ed in the Spree River after the essence of drama, as staged in German. Closing a spectacular masterpiece display. Open-air classical music concerts in July The most beautiful open-air stage in Berlin on the music, music, or music: in the concert hall before the concert market, in the forest, in the English Garden (Dier Jia stock area) where, even in the most beautiful garden Hope held. Berlin Bach Day Solo and ensemble from various countries - play only Bach's music. German race week Held in the Marin Dov racetrack game. Country Concert Open-air concerts, famous artists from around the world playing classical music and jazz. Palace Concert Classical music and jazz, in the court of Berlin played in rotation. International Accordion Festival Once every two years in street festivals around the Ku Damu parade, the large organ playing extremely beautiful, is the climax of the International Festival barrel organ. August International Radio Exhibition Entertainment appliances and communication appliances of the world's largest Expo. Members of the radio transmitter and television transmission member in the "transparent" studio, star of the front row to see further than the recent. International Dance Festival Pioneer's top international dance dancer in the comedy opera, Hebbert Theatre, Riverside Theatre and the Bodeweier Theatre Hale Shen dance, so ordinary people to go disco dancing dwarfs, widely admired. United Club September Just buy a ticket, will be able to Berlin for a club to another club, in turn enjoy the music of Berlin. Conversion between the clubs is the basic free, just pay a small fine. Berlin Marathon Total length of 42.5 km, running through Berlin. October Arts Plaza Berlin Such an international art market is not a museum in Cologne, but more appropriate in Berlin. Berlin Jazz Festival This is the richest traditions of the German Jazz Festival, but also in fierce competition. Christmas market in December The best German Christmas market in the square and Brett Chai Spandau district of the old town. Berlin - 2006 List of all festivals and celebrations Museum of the night on January 28 and August 26 May 2006 Design Exhibition May 18 to 21 From the fall of Berlin Wall in 1989 began a new generation of designers gain a firm foothold in Germany, they lead the popular and won recognition around the world. This year is the annual design exhibition held in the third year, it was about 1,000 designers and design teams to provide a stage to enable them to introduce their latest products, fashion, graphic and interior design works. World Carnival May 13 The event will show you both a global and international style of the German capital - Berlin. Many foreign embassies in Berlin will have to open the door to welcome you to experience the country's culture, authentic food, music and art. That there will be shuttle service so you can easily shuttle between the various embassies. Visitors can also carefully scrutinize the new embassy building in Berlin in different styles. Over the past more than 40 embassies participate in this event, the most representative countries, including Egypt, India, South Africa, Thailand and Cyprus. Cultural Carnival June 2 to 5 To celebrate the Berlin, the capital of the German culture shown and ethnic diversity, cultural carnival will be invited to the eleventh passion of a million people to participate in the kreuzberg district events. Carnival will be more than 80 countries from more than 100 small teams, 4, 000 dancers, singers and musicians of the colorful parade. "Cultural Festival" in Berlin has become the most popular, the number of participants up to the annual celebration. Only in 2006: 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany June 9 to July 9 June 7, 2006 in Berlin (Rhine) River at an opening night, which officially kicked off the 2006 football World Cup. 2006 World Cup held in Germany and by 3.0 billion viewers to be televised worldwide. Berlin has already won: because there are six games will be held in Berlin, including the July 9, 2006 in the newly renovated Olympic Stadium in the final. Even if the audience did not buy the tickets will find this tour of Berlin trip worthwhile trip: large outdoor television screens, party and special celebrations - all with the theme of football - the football world will become Berlin the absolute center. Beach Fantasy 2006: Berlin International Sand Sculpture Festival June 11 to July 23 Sand Sculpture Festival held the fourth time in Berlin's city center (lehrter bahnhof and chancellery between) to showcase the incredible and very creative sand sculpture works. There will be attracted 120,000 visitors came to watch. Artists from around the world to compete for awards in Germany will create a sand sculpture sand sculpture in many great works. Sand Sculpture Festival as part of a series of Guided visit, children's rides, live music and a night free of sand sculpture classes this summer will make you linger. gendarmenmarkt outdoor classical music concerts in Berlin July 6 to 10 Each year the most beautiful square in Berlin - gendarmenmarkt, outdoor classical music concerts held in Berlin, will offer the audience has always been the most popular light opera, opera, classical and current music. Gay street carnival on July 15/16 Berlin street carnival gay gay love is not only more and more, has become more accepted by the public. Held in the past people have been nollendorfplatz region colorful carnival activities to celebrate the cultural diversity of the city. This year is expected to have 350, 000 tourists visit the Berlin gay street carnival has become Europe's largest events of its kind one. Christopher street carnival on July 22 2006 will be held in Berlin, 28th Christopher Street Carnival. This popular event will attract hundreds of people came to Berlin to celebrate the equality between people and the world's tolerance of homosexuality. Carnival street artists (berlin gauklerfest) 8 月 4 日 至 13 日 Around the historic center of Berlin - unter den linden Opera House at 16th street artists Carnival has become a traditional festival in the city one summer because there are a unique artistic style, theme concerts, variety shows, talk stories, arts and crafts, fireworks and delicious snacks. Activities begin daily from 14:00 until 2 am the next day. Berlin International Beer Festival August 4 to 6 Like beer? Berlin International Beer Festival in the tenth, karl-marx-allee might become the world's longest beer garden and bar, the length of more than 1 mile. 72 countries from 190 breweries will brew about 1, 700 brand the most delicious beer. Berlin Marathon on September 23/24 Berlin Marathon, held annually, is not only a major sporting events, but also a magnet for tourists and athletes of the world's major traditional festivals. 42 km long race course will span the city's 10 regions. In 2005, about 40,000 runners, 8,000 were professional skaters, wheelchair athletes and athletes walking 91 countries participated in the competition. German Reunification Day on October 3 To commemorate the unification of Germany, October 3 at the brandenburg gate and reichstag the streets will hold a large celebration. Build a special stage will be played from classical to rock and other types of music. Berlin Art Forum - And International Contemporary Art Fair October 4 to 8 Held each fall of the Berlin Art Forum is one of Berlin's cultural events, but also Europe's most influential and most daring highlight contemporary art activities. There will be 30,000 visitors attended the event, the amusement park in Berlin (berlin fairgrounds) at the Expo will be integrated on the international art scene to show the most decisive fashion and sports. Berlin Jazz Festival November 2 to 5 As the world's most important jazz festivals, the Berlin Jazz Festival will be invited as well as with the legendary star of the future of jazz at the Berlin International Culture Building (the house of world cultures), and other venues for performances. Brandenburg Gate market in December for Christmas and New Year Tourists and Berliners will be seen in this series of Christmas performances and celebrations. Starting from 11 at the end, there are different types of Berlin will be a Christmas market, which have in the Old City spandau Germany's largest Christmas markets and opernpalais unter den linden nostalgic, old-fashioned market. New Year's celebrations over the years is quite unusual, because nearly one million visitors gathered in Berlin and the Brandenburg gate to greet the new year and watch the spectacular firework display. Berlin to remind: Tourist Information Center: (1) Brandenburg Gate Hours: 9:30 to 18:00. (2) zoo near the post office near the station, providing ticketing, reservations, attractions and other services introduced. Tel: 29749241 (3) European Centre Memorial Church side, Hours: Monday to Saturday 8:00 to 22:00, Sunday 9:00 ~ 21:00 Tel: 250 025 Emergency Phone Number: In addition, when you add beer Berliners or without liquor, drinking beer in Berlin plus a small amount of white wine or green wine. When drinking white beer, dried fruit, or Dream Car with a nuclear basin to touch up against the grass with straw, suck. In fact, this drink mostly tourists! Wood Road, Shi small brewery fermentation brewing delicious beer on the surface. In accordance with the "pure beer law" provisions of brewing, can not be called porter, and even hemp beer in Berlin, mainly in Croatia by Ci Beige area also available. Of course, Berlin, people drink wine, although wine in East Berlin before the reunification of Germany has been less than popular, but after all, is a long history. kreuz-nerobeuer by large scale cultivation, but generally not buy. Crow by Ci Beige district government regarded it as a gift festival, so you have received an invitation Caixing. Berlin Shopping: Berlin each region has its own shopping center, but the most interesting shopping malls are often in remote areas. Shopping mall in the library rather than the Division Street and Linden Avenue. The store is open at different times, most of the big shopping malls open from 9:30-20:00, Sat 9:00-18:00. Library instead of Division Street and Linden Avenue in the many shops in the state visit, when the parade and festival will be open until late. Here, tourists usually choose to buy the camera, leather goods, fashion and so on. The famous flea market in the strasse des17 Street and the train (tiergarten) station. Normally open on Saturdays and Sundays 10:00-17:00. Museum Island in the east, a near open Saturday and Sunday 11:00-17:00. Where the East German medals and other memorabilia worth collecting, but most of the Berlin Wall fragments were forged. Recommended that: the last seven year the weekend before Christmas Shopping Festival are held. Berlin Transport: Berlin has three major airports: tegel at Bolin Xi north, about 8 km from the city center, is generally used for flights to airports in foreign countries; smaller tempelhof airport in central Berlin, the MTR can reach; while Airport is located schoenefeld south-east of Berlin, about 18 km from the city center. Air Service Berlin airport bus to the downtown or the subway up to the city. Taxis can save half the time, but the cost is about 10 times the bus. Berlin central train station every day, all the major cities of Europe sent to the train. Traffic in the city subways, trains, buses and trams. Tickets available at the ticket office or ticket vending machines to buy the site, all tickets general, but needs to play date. Berlin transport network essential to cover every corner of the city. Berlin Hotel: Berlin, there were 455 inns, hotels (boarding houses), a total of 50,000 beds, and this number is increasing. Many special offers hotel discounts from time to time back, but more compact, elegant hotel still is people's choice. In addition, youth hostels seem to be more suitable for students or backpackers under the age of 27. Berlin Entertainment: Almost every week the Berlin Festival, Arts Festival and Expo. Although not all grand festival, but it is the city's tradition. Such as film festivals, or more fair. Love parade attracted young people around the world, because its huge, colorful, noisy, and now has been regarded as a traditional activity. Other activities, such as arts and culture in summer and autumn festival, to Berlin and from the western and eastern tourists to bring joy. Allied People's festival is proof of lasting friendship. In this re-united city and the emergence of new festivals: for example open-air classical music concerts and an international art fair which before reunification, has been held only in East Berlin. The Expo is a large number of small supplement Expo, displaying products in eastern, mostly from the eastern Lake District, but not all fair in cultural activities each year to grab a place on the calendar. Museum open until midnight during the Easter weekend, other festivals have begun to follow suit - a good tradition has been the beginning, it will continue. In addition to festivals, fairs and entertainment Arts Festival, the Berlin cultural calendar of events to account for at least 2 daily newspapers, it makes difficult to choose. Three major opera houses, 31 theaters, 29 small art scene, 15 small dance theater, mini-bar, disco, summer open-air stage are numerous enough to make travelers feel the full artistic atmosphere of Berlin. Population: 3,400,000 Area: 883 km2 Ancient and beautiful capital of Germany - Berlin early in the 13th century has become a trading town, the 17th century developed into a local political, economic and cultural center. It is the capital of Germany before World War II and the largest city. After the war, East and West Berlin parted ways, each development. German reunification in 1990, where the collapse of the Berlin Wall, Berlin, concluded a city, two systems the situation, once again become the capital of Germany. Transport routes between East and West Berlin, briefly, from the Baltic Sea north, not south to 200 km from the Czech Republic. Berlin, economy and culture are very well developed. Aerial view of Berlin, surrounded by forests, lakes, rivers surrounded by the city as if immersed in a sea of green, Spree River slowly flows through the city from the south. Alexanderplatz TV tower, is surrounded by modern hotels, shops, conference rooms, teachers, hall and other large buildings, the daring, magnificent, beautiful modeling. Kuerfeisi Teng Dam 3 km long shopping street, shops, clothing stores, galleries, row upon row. Linden Street, the famous, is Europe's most famous boulevard. In addition, built with white granite into the Brandenburg Gate, a 800-year history of the Virgin Church, City Hall, the old museum buildings on the island, "Crystal Palace" Palace of the Republic, Humboldt University, is also very famous. Charlottenburg Palace, the ancient distributed around the Egyptian Museum, antique museum, prehistoric museum of early application of the important museums and cultural buildings, many of its collections of precious cultural relics and works of art. Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, the old straight side of the new built octagonal church. Completed in 1957, silver, clamshell-shaped roof was the meeting hall is one of the masterpieces of modern architecture. After World War II, Berlin, were the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union was divided into four occupation zones, in the next few decades, in 1961 the East German government between East and West Berlin from the "Berlin Wall" and split The center of the cold war between East and West Berlin. In 1989, the Berlin Wall, Eastern Europe, the collapse of communist regimes also will be eleven. Berlin straddles two different worlds of the special status of the more prominent, and overnight became the gateway to both East and West. The unity of East and West Berlin to swear a new era, but after the passion in a unified Berlin, still hard to adapt to this strange and familiar city. In fact, this process is difficult to adapt to different lifestyles result in long-term psychological identity differences, the unity of the process and quickly make each other's heart was even more aggravated. High unemployment rate, rent and ongoing hurricane reconstruction projects, challenged the city of Berlin, people want to rebuild their political and cultural center for the European enthusiasm. Nevertheless, after the reunification of Berlin is slowly adjusting the pace, trying to revive the reputation of the cultural capital year. Existing three Berlin opera houses, several large orchestra (including the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra), dozens of theaters and numerous world-class museums, theater activities peak. Industry, due to the rapid changes in industry in eastern Germany, the labor market in the large-scale reorganization. In fact, now is an opportune time to visit Berlin since the buildings here reflect the vicissitudes of the past and future aspirations. Now the city of Berlin is interesting to see the big miscellaneous kuai: East German apartment old age, and the boutiques shops exist in Western Europe; dilapidated pre-war and construction of office buildings glossy but empty soup into Fun on the map. In order to re-register the capital of the throne of Berlin, Berlin, many large projects began construction, trying to merge the city unique in the world, transformed into a brand-new city. Exciting is that the rebuilt Berlin, to become a contains both historical and innovative city. Although Berlin is Germany's most tolerant city, foreigners traveling in Berlin, still pay attention to safety, especially after the reunification of East and West Germany the economic turmoil, leading to the rise of neo-Nazis, particularly in outlying areas of East Berlin as the most, such as lichtenberg people of color to avoid going to the station is the place. In addition, the night MRT (s-bahn) should be particularly careful when. However, not all skinheads are all people of color hostile tribe, they may just be activists, or just want to flaunt group identity. Berlin is the world's major places of cultural and academic exchanges, the Berlin Philharmonic, the Berlin Film Festival, and music plays, "Notre Dame de Paris" and many internationally renowned exhibitions and museums.
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About Berlin
Berlin is the world's major places of cultural and academic exchanges, the Berlin Philharmonic, the Berlin Film Festival, and music plays, "Our Lady of Paris" and many internationally renowned exhibitions and museums. Northeast of Berlin in Germany, surrounded on all sides by Brandenburg. Havel, Spree River and the river through the city. Berlin hub of Eastern and Western Europe briefly, from the Baltic Sea in northern and southern no to 200 km from the Czech Republic. Berlin is located in the heart of Europe, is the meeting point of east and west. Urban area of 883 square kilometers, including parks, forests, lakes and rivers account for about one quarter of the total area of the city, the city surrounded by forest and grassland, just like a green island. Existing residents of about 340 million. Starting from the nineteenth century, the Kingdom of Prussia, Berlin has been a "Germanic Empire," the capital. Early in the 13th century, Berlin has become a trading town, the 17th century developed into a local political, economic and cultural center. Before World War II, it is Germany's capital and largest city. After the war, East and West Berlin parted ways, each development. German reunification in 1990, Berlin, concluded a city, two systems the situation, once again become the capital of Germany. Berlin, economy and culture are very well developed. Aerial view of Berlin, surrounded by forests, lakes, rivers surrounded by the city as if immersed in a sea of green. Spree River slowly flows through the city from the south. Alexanderplatz TV tower, is surrounded by modern hotels, shops, conference rooms, teachers, hall and other large buildings, the daring, magnificent, beautiful modeling. Kuerfeisi Teng Dam 3 km long shopping street, shops, clothing stores, galleries, forest than in rows. Linden Street, the famous, is Europe's most famous boulevard. In addition, built with white granite into the Brandenburg Gate, a 800-year history of the Virgin Church, City Hall, the old museum buildings on the island, "Crystal Palace" of the Republic of officials, Humboldt University, is also very famous. Charlottenburg Palace, the ancient distributed around the Egyptian Museum, antique museum, prehistoric museum of early application of the important museums and cultural buildings, many of its collections of precious cultural relics and works of art. Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, the old straight side of the new built octagonal church. Completed in 1957, silver, clamshell-shaped roof was the meeting hall is one of the masterpieces of modern architecture. Berlin is the world's major places of cultural and academic exchanges, has a modern international conference center. Biennial Berlin International Film Festival has attracted world-class stars and movie lovers attention. Berlin as Germany's main industrial cities, major industrial sectors of electronics, machinery manufacturing, chemical, printing, textile and food processing. Berlin is an international transportation hub. 1838 Berlin - Postan Railway, opened a prelude to the European Railway Age, 1881, the world's first put into use a tram in Berlin. Berlin subway was built in 1897, before the war a total length of 75 km, with 92 stations in Europe one of the most comprehensive subway system. Now there are three major airports in Berlin, 3 international railway station, 5170 km long highway, 2,387 km of public transport network. April 5, 1994, Berlin and Beijing became sister cities.
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Natural climate
Northeast of Berlin in Germany on the lowland plains, with an average elevation of 70 meters below the higher latitudes, and thus lower the temperature throughout the year, but Berlin, even icy, frozen lake, when, could perhaps be considered very beautiful, but no question this is the city for summer travel. Because starting from May, as winter began to warm in Berlin, Berlin, and 9 months later they entered a "winter", so go to Berlin travel, best to avoid winter travel. Berlin climate is temperate maritime climate and temperate continental climate, transitional between the annual average temperature of 9.4 ℃. Cold winter, in January the average temperature -1 ℃; cool in summer, in July the average temperature of 18 ℃. 580 mm annual precipitation, annual distribution is uniform, but slightly more summer rain. Often in winter snowfall, the total precipitation of snow about 1 / 4 to 1 / 5. The average period of 50 days on snow.
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Geographical environment
The location of Berlin in Germany, located northeast of the original flat in Berlin, and is located in the beautiful tributary of the Elbe River Spree (Spree) Note Ruhafuer river (Havel) in the estuary. About 180 km south of the Baltic Sea, 190 km north of the Czech Republic, outlining what the European transport hub, not only is the transportation center as well as assault Island is one very important transport hub. The total area of 878 square kilometers in Berlin. Low and flat slightly undulating, with an average elevation of 35 meters. Natural highest point in kreuz Fort 66 meters above sea level. Spree River running through the urban area, West streamer Ruhafuer River. The latter winding, forming clusters of Havel lakes, the eastern end of the distribution of lakes, lakes, Miguel, large lakes to become the city's water, there are several large areas of forest during the distribution. Yinduosenlin, lakes, known as "the forests and lakes of all."
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History
Duchy of Brandenburg Berlin is a very old city. This was originally a marshy area northeast of the Elbe, a West Slavic tribe of the two _set_tlement points, names are in Berlin (Berlin) and Cohen (Cölln). Until the 12th century, Germans expelled Slavs _set_tled here only after the establishment of two villages in the Spree River, and followed their Slavic names. Built in 1237 in Berlin, the Spree River in the east coast, is the neighborhood merchants, Cohen Spree River in the West Bank, a fishing village. 1307, Berlin, and Cohen is a synthetic city names as Berlin, under the rule of the family in the Askar became an important commercial center. 14th century, Berlin joined the Baltic and Nordic important business allies - the Hanseatic League. But this time the Holy Roman Empire in Berlin is a wild frontier town. 1411, from the southwestern region of Germany Hohenzollern family, as the Border Governor Frederick (Markgraf), put down the war in the region, and became Elector of Brandenburg. From 1415 onwards, Berlin became the capital of Brandenburg Elector. 1640 to 1688, Frederick William I (emperor election Hou) opened in Berlin in the cultural and artistic prosperity, built palaces, armories, churches and palace in Potsdam, Berlin won the "Spree River Athens "in the world. Kingdom of Prussia 1701, Elector Frederick I was crowned King of Prussia, Berlin became the capital of the Kingdom of Prussia. From the 18th century, Frederick William I and Frederick the Great began the medieval old town of Berlin in the West built a large number of baroque and rococo architecture, form what is known as "Frederick Town" (Friedrichstadt ) the new city. The western boundary is the three squares and gates: Paris Square and the Brandenburg Gate (Pariser Platz und Brandenburger Tor); Leipzig, and Potsdam Square, the door (Leipzig Platz und Potsdam Tor); Union Square and the US-Halle door (Belle- Alliance Platz und Hallesches Tor). Berlin was in the Seven Years War Austrian and Russian troops occupied in 1806 by the French army. Although the city did not suffer serious damage, but Napoleon ordered the Brandenburg Gate, the goddess of victory on the back carriage removed to France, and in 1814 was returned. From the beginning of the 19th century, again in Berlin a large-scale expansion. Architect Langhans (Langhans) and Schenker (Schinkel) built a number of neo-classical monuments, such as the National Theatre, the ancient Museum, National Museum, Brandenburg Gate, Unter den Linden Avenue, and many of Museum Island museum building: the old museum, new museum, the National Gallery, Pa Jiameng Museum, Museum of the Emperor Frederick. Berlin has received a "Spree River in Athens" in the title. On the other hand, Linnaeus, director of the Prussian royal garden city of Berlin, Green made a great plan, the construction of the Berlin Zoo as the center of the large-scale urban green belt, built by the Linden Avenue and the Avenue consisting of Charlottenburg in Berlin "east-west axis," connects the eastern part of the government district of Berlin and the western commercial and garden area. 1810, University of Berlin was established. From 1837 onwards, Prussia began the process of industrialization, established a Siemens factory in Berlin. 1848 revolution, the uprising also took place in Berlin. German Empire In 1862, William I appointed Bismarck as Prime Minister. 1871, Berlin became the capital of the German Empire. In 1894, the construction of the Capitol architect Waluo Te. To the early 20th century, Berlin has been in the industrial, economic and urban construction to London, New York and Paris standards, as has a worldwide political, economic and cultural center. Berlin built during this period a large number of roads, bridges, subway and station building, the construction of luxury office buildings and commercial areas, residential areas, in 1900, Berlin has a population reaching 270 million. Weimar Republic First World War did not result in serious damage to Berlin, but in 1919 the Berlin workers uprising and civil war broke out. Carp riots occurred in 1920. In the same year on April 27, Berlin with its surrounding eight towns, 59 villages merged into the "big Berlin", Berlin's population doubled overnight, to 400 million. Weimar Republic, the economic crisis in 20 years by the pain at the same time, Berlin has entered a new thought, new art endless stream of time, this period is known as Berlin's "golden age of art." Third Reich January 30, 1933, Hitler became chancellor of Germany. February 27 the same year, Congress took place arson. Held in Berlin in 1936, the 16th Olympic Games in Nazi Germany as display their windows. 1938 Kristallnacht event, the Berlin Jewish property vandalism occurred in the incident. 1939 World War II, Hitler's fantasy building in Berlin for the war and the capital of the Third Reich, renamed "Germania" (Germania). To this end his royal architect Speer designed a huge sand table model. April 16, 1945, the Soviet Red Army mobilized 22,000 artillery pieces and 10 Belarusian Army Army began the offensive on Berlin. May 1 planted a flag of the Soviet Red Army, the Brandenburg Gate and Parliament House. May 8, Germany surrendered. During the Cold War With the Allied victory in World War II, not just Germany, but Berlin is also in accordance with the administrative boundaries of the pre-war Berlin was divided into two parts - from the Soviet-controlled East Berlin (23 areas covered in the pre-war 12 districts), and by the United States, Britain, and France controlled West Berlin. Berlin became a rallying point for US-Soviet Cold War. To oppose the allies in 1948 to implement the currency reform in western Germany, and forced the Allies out of Berlin, the Soviet Union launched half a year the Berlin blockade. Allies defeated the Soviet Union through the Berlin airlift attempt. June 17, 1953, the East Berlin workers launched a protest against the decline in living standards of the uprising, the uprising suppressed by Soviet troops shortly thereafter. November 10, 1958, Berlin, Khrushchev declared that the occupation of the four countries is outdated, requiring withdrawal of U.S. and British law from West Berlin and said 6 months Neixibailin should be free and out of the Soviet "free city" . Since a large number of residents in East Berlin through the undefended boundary into West Berlin and West Germany, August 13, 1961, East Germany built the Berlin Wall. October 25, the U.S. tanks to the south of Friedrichstrasse Checkpoint Charlie, trying to enter East Berlin, and 90 meters away the Soviet tanks standoff for 16 hours. After East and West Berlin became the forefront of the ideological confrontation. Because of various historical problems and institutional shortcomings, in 1989, people in Eastern European countries _set_ off on the total socialism and the communist regime protest. November 9, 1989 night, announced the opening of the Berlin Wall, East Germany was forced to. October 3, 1990, the reunification of Germany, Berlin held a grand celebration. The Berlin Wall was dismantled. In 1991, the German Parliament voted in 2000 to move back before the capital from Bonn to Berlin. Berlin since launched a massive reconstruction. North of the Capitol building a new parliament and prime minister. Previously mined at the foot of the Berlin Wall, Potsdamer Platz alert zone once again become the commercial center of Berlin. Germany has resumed its European cultural and economic center.
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Administrative Division
Originally divided into 23 districts of Berlin. January 2001, Berlin, administrative reform, the 23 districts into 12 districts (Bezirke). Each district is subdivided into partitions (Stadtteile), represents the traditional urbanized areas. After the administrative reform, local governments are constantly restructuring. At present, the whole of Berlin's 12 districts a total of 96 local governments, and then each local government has a number of streets (Kiez) composition. Berlin has its own Area 12 District Councils (Bezirksamt), there are five council members (Bezirksstadträte) and a mayor (Bezirksbürgermeister). District Council members from District Assembly (Bezirksverordnetenversammlung) elected. However, the Berlin city district is not independent, because the District government's power is limited, and part of Berlin's senator. Co-head of the districts composed of District Councils, led by the mayor of Berlin, the Berlin Senate to provide advice. Partition and not their government.
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Population
Of the total population (2006/11) 3,405,000 Population density of 3,818 / km ² (9,889 / mi ²) Urban 3,700,000 Metropolitan area 4,262,480
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Economy
Berlin is Germany's main industrial area. To the motor industry, electronics, instruments, meters the most developed, followed by machinery, metallurgy, chemicals, clothing, food processing, printing and other departments. Industries are located in the urban fringe Spandau district Charlottenburg district, Kreuzberg, Tengpohuofu area and Keponike area Treptow and other industrial areas. In the area of agricultural land accounts for a significant proportion of Berlin, to provide vegetables, fruits, flowers, especially in the eastern region is near the heart of the production of wheat, oats and other agricultural products distribution center. Developed transport and a circular rail and highway traffic artery, and with a number of railway intersection, combined with air corridors across the country and other European countries and convenient for the major cities.
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Transport network
Berlin is the internationally renowned cities, population density, is also a tourist city. However, traffic jam is not due to ordinary private car is not out. It is not a subway, light rail, buses, is riding a bike. Berlin, 9 and 15 light rail subway and tram, a ring and a large number of through the external radiation, the organization has become a large network, extending in all directions, constitute one of Europe's largest transportation network. Very short interval of time the vehicle at any time with electronic prompts, which the car a few minutes to. Berlin people, most people go by train, take the train out, do not take a taxi directly to the subway, for light rail, it is convenient. Therefore, Berlin's environment, the sky is relatively clear. Berlin public transport system has developed: 9 Berlin subway lines, 170 stations; Berlin and 15 suburban railway lines, 166 stations; and Berlin also has the world's oldest tram systems in the world, with 398 stations. Berlin has three commercial airports - Tegel Airport (TXL), Tempe Hough International Airport (THF) and 舍奈费尔德 International Airport (SXF). In 2007, the three airports received a total of over 2,000 million passengers, the flight can reach 173 destinations in the world. In recent years, the airport handled only domestic 坦佩尔霍夫 short-haul flights, has been shut down in 2008. At the same time 舍奈费尔德 Airport has begun a massive expansion, to 2012, all commercial flights in Berlin will be transferred to the airport, and then Tegel airport will be permanently closed.
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Sightseeing
Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church in Berlin economy, and culture are very well developed. Aerial view of Berlin, surrounded by forests, lakes, rivers surrounded by the city as if immersed in a sea of green, Spree River slowly flows through the city from the south. Alexanderplatz TV tower, is surrounded by modern hotels, shops, conference rooms, teachers, hall and other large buildings, the daring, magnificent, beautiful modeling. Kuerfeisi Teng Dam 3 km long shopping street, shops, clothing stores, galleries, row upon row. Linden Street, the famous, is Europe's most famous boulevard. In addition, built with white granite into the Brandenburg Gate, a 800-year history of the Virgin Church, City Hall, the old museum buildings on the island, "Crystal Palace" Palace of the Republic, Humboldt University, is also very famous. Charlottenburg Palace, the ancient distributed around the Egyptian Museum, antique museum, prehistoric museum of early application of the important museums and cultural buildings, many of its collections of precious cultural relics and works of art. Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, the old straight side of the new built octagonal church. Completed in 1957, silver, clamshell-shaped roof was the meeting hall is one of the masterpieces of modern architecture. Brandenburg Gate area on the southwestern edge of Sculpture City Nemeth erect Brandenburg Gate, was once a symbol of Berlin as the Arc de Triomphe, built in 1791, all with white granite was constructed, a gate stands a bronze casting on a victory statues. Extension of the east side of the Brandenburg Gate Unter den Linden, the 1.2 km long, 60 meters wide tree-lined boulevard, lined on both sides of palaces, pavilions and modern buildings. William Street from north to south through the Unter den Linden, once Hitler government activities center. East Alexander Square, a new office building, is the former East Berlin city government is located. Next to the magnificent Palace of the Republic, all with the appearance of a giant mosaic made of special glass, is a former East German people held a meeting of the House chamber. West of the Brandenburg Gate past the Empire State Building, has been partially restored. Stands to 西蒂尔加滕 area completed in 1957, Parliament House, is one of the masterpieces of modern architecture, in which hundreds of international meetings held. The area west to the Berlin Zoo, built in 1841, keeping many rare animals, one of the world's largest zoo. Tiergarten district southwest extension of the School First Dam Boulevard, on both sides of modern shops. Berlin Botanical Gardens and plants built in the 17th century the museum was originally a royal garden, after World War II reconstruction. West of downtown along the Havel River is dotted with large lakes and forests, the north is the Olympic Stadium, 1936 11th Olympic Games held in purpose-built, rafting, river Spree around the stadium area of 100 hectares of swimming pool, Ice Stadium, tennis courts and racecourse. There the city Humboldt University (founded in 1809), Free University, University of Technology, Arts and Sciences, museums, libraries and the Opera House and other cultural facilities, cultural and lasting prosperity. Because of the special historic and pleasant landscape, tourism developed. Famous scenic spots: Berlin Central Station, Museum Island, Germany, Prime Minister's Office, the German Technical Museum, the German National Museum, Parliament House, the Brandenburg Gate, June 17 Avenue, Unter den Linden, Checkpoint Charlie, Berlin TV Tower, Potsdamer Platz, Yulin Plaza, 圣赫德韦格 Cathedral, Berlin Cathedral, Nikolai district, Alexanderplatz, Berlin Zoo, Elector Avenue, Charlottenburg Palace, Berlin Jewish Museum, East Berlin, West Berlin Virgin teaching, City Hall, the Republican Palace, Kaiser Wilhelm Memorial Church, benevolent hall, etc.
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Style of education
Berlin is located in Eastern and Western Europe traffic. Berlin city as if immersed in a sea of green, Spree River slowly flows through the city from the south, the Prussian style of ancient buildings and modern commercial skyscrapers each other. Berlin is rebuilding the "cultural capital", the existing three opera houses, orchestras and the dozens of large theaters, and numerous world-class museums. Berlin building colorful, spectacular. That is brilliant magnificent baroque Friedrich Square, there are neo-classical style, Schenkel Theatre, both magnificent palaces, but also world renowned works of modern architecture schools. Berlin is a cultural city blocks, almost all the cultural festivals throughout the year. Culture Berlin has a large opera house, theater and orchestra. At the same time a large number of cinemas, nightclubs and dance halls. Deutsche Oper (Deutsche Oper Berlin) State Opera (Deutsche Staatsoper) Light Opera (Komische Oper) Theater in Berlin (Berliner Ensemble) Berlin Theater (Schauspielhaus Berlin) Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra (Berliner Philharmoniker) Sports Berlin, the list of sports teams: Hahuabolin (Bundesliga Football League) Berlin has been successfully held the Olympic Games in 1936. Education There are four more well-known Berlin University: Humboldt University Free University of Berlin Technical University of Berlin (Berlin Technical University of Berlin University of Technology or) Berlin University of the Arts
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Famous people
Karl Friedrich Schinkel Johann Gottfried sand and more (Johann Gottfried Schadow) Wilhelm von Humboldt Alexander von Humboldt 库尔特图霍夫 Sharansky Marlene 娜迪特里茜 Brecht Bertone Sam Eric Brahimi Walter Gropius Adolf Hitler
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Sister Cities
Los Angeles (1967) Belgrade, Yugoslavia (1978) Paris, France (1987) Madrid, Spain (1988) Istanbul, Turkey (1989) Moscow, Russia (1990) Warsaw, Poland (1991) Budapest, Hungary (1991) Brussels, Belgium (1992) Jakarta, Indonesia (1993) Tashkent, Uzbekistan (1993) Mexico City, Mexico (1993) Beijing, China (1994) Tokyo, Japan (1994) Buenos Aires, Argentina (1994) Japan Tsuwano Town (1995) Prague, Czech Republic (1995) Windhoek, Namibia (2000) London, UK (2000)
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Sports
Berlin, the list of sports teams: Football club Hertha Berlin (Bundesliga Football League) Berlin has successfully held the Olympic Games in 1936, and in 70 years after the hosting of the 2006 World Cup.
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English Expression
: cypress forest
n.: berlin
French Expression
n. Berlin (Allemagne)
Thesaurus
Bailin Village Berlin Neighborhood, berlin Community Bailin Town bailin Township
