Li Yu (Chinese: 李煜; c. 937 – 15 August 978), before 961 known as Li Congjia (李從嘉), also known as Li Houzhu (李後主; literally "Last Ruler Li" or "Last Lord Li"), was the third ruler of the Southern Tang state during imperial China's Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He reigned from 961 until 976, when he was captured by the invading Song dynasty armies which annexed his kingdom. He died by poison on orders of Emperor Taizong of Song after 2 years essentially as an exiled prisoner.
Although an incompetent ruler, he was a representative lyric poet during his era, even to the extent of having been called the "first true master" of the ci form.
Early life
In the same Chinese yearLi Congjia was born, his grandfather Xu Zhigao, also known as Xu Gao (Li Bian) founded the state Qi (齊), renaming it Tang (known as the Southern Tang) 2 years later. When Li Congjia was 6, his father Li Jing became the next Southern Tang emperor. With Li Jing naming his younger brother Li Jingsui his heir apparent, his sixth eldest son Li Congjia seemed unlikely to ever succeed the throne. However, many of Li Congjia's brothers died very young, and after the death of the second eldest brother Li Hongmao (李弘茂) in 951, Li Congjia all of a sudden found himself right behind Li Hongji — the eldest brother — and uncle Li Jingsui in the succession line.
Li Hongji, a withdrawn and troubled young man, resented his crown prince uncle, whom he saw as a political enemy standing in his way. He also disliked his younger brother Li Congjia, even though they shared the same biological mother, Empress Zhong. Fearing the possible results of this family enmity, Li Congjia tried hard to be inconspicuous and focused on the arts, including poetry, painting and music. He loved reading, a passion encouraged by his father, also an acclaimed poet. At the age of 17, Li Congjia married Zhou Ehuang, chancellorZhou Zong's daughter and a year his senior. Lady Zhou was not only highly educated but also multi-talented in music and the arts and the young couple enjoyed a very intimate relationship.
Accession to the throne
In 955, a year after Li Congjia's marriage, Southern Tang was invaded by Later Zhou. The resistance war did not end until spring 958, after Li Jing ceded all prefectures north of the Yangtze River to his powerful northern neighbor. Li Jing also relinquished all imperial trappings, degrading his own title from emperor to king (國主). The national humiliation was soon followed by familial tragedy: later that year Li Hongji poisoned uncle Li Jingsui to death, which was followed by his own death a few months later, allegedly hastened by many encounters with Li Jingsui's vengeful ghost.
Not long after Li Hongji's death in 959, Li Congjia was given the post of royal secretary (尚書令) so that he could familiarize himself of governmental affairs. However, despite being the king's eldest surviving son, a few ministers considered him too dissolute and weak for the crown prince position, including Zhong Mo, who pleaded to have Li Congjia's younger brother Li Congshan chosen instead. Li Jing found Zhong's suggestion offensive and demoted him.
Suffering from poor health, Li Jing decided to transfer all responsibilities to his successor. He named Li Congjia the crown prince in spring 961 to take over in the capital Jinling (金陵; modern Nanjing, Jiangsu) while he retired to the southern city of Hongzhou (洪州; modern Nanchang, Jiangxi). A few months later he died, and Li Congjia officially succeeded the throne, not without a last-second effort by Li Congshan to challenge him. By then Zhong Mo had also died, so Li Congshan asked chancellor Xu You to bring Li Jing's last will to him. Xu refused and confided in Li Congjia of Li Congshan's intentions. Li Congjia — changing his name to Li Yu — did not punish his younger brother other than a slight demotion.
As Southern Tang ruler
Appeasing the Song Dynasty
A year before Li Yu ascended the throne, Southern Tang's nominal overlord Later Zhou had been replaced by the Song dynasty established by former Later Zhou general Zhao Kuangyin, who had earlier participated in several campaigns against Southern Tang. Knowing the limit of Southern Tang's military strength and trying hard to be subservient to the northern court, Li Yu immediately sent a high official Feng Yanlu with a letter — whose language was of extreme humility — to inform Song of his succession. Things got to a rocky start: during his accession to the throne Li Yu built a golden rooster, a symbol of imperial power, the news of which infuriated Zhao Kuangyin. In the end, the Southern Tang ambassador in the Song capital of Bianliang (汴梁; modern Kaifeng, Henan) had to give the explanation that the golden rooster was actually a "weird bird" to satisfy the Song emperor.
Such an embarrassing relationship would define Li's entire reign, as tribute payments, both regular and irregular, drained the Southern Tang treasury. Essentially Li was ready to fulfill Emperor Taizu of Song's every demand except go to Bianliang himself. In 963, Li Congshan who accompanied a tributary mission was held hostage in Bianliang and had to write letters on behalf of the Song emperor asking his elder brother also join him at the Song court. Li Yu, naturally, did not heed the request.
Successive deaths in the family
Li Yu remained close to his musically gifted wife Zhou Ehuang — now Queen Zhou — so close that he sometimes canceled government meetings to enjoy her performances. The absences continued until a censor (監察御史) spoke out against it.
In around 964, the second of the couple's 2 sons, a 3-year-old still called by his milk name Ruibao (瑞保), died unexpectedly. Li would mourn his son by himself so as not to sadden his wife more than necessary, but Queen Zhou was completely devastated and quickly deteriorated in health. During her illness, Li attended her so devotedly that he did not disrobe for days. When the queen finally succumbed to illness, Li mourned so bitterly until "his bones stuck out and he could stand up only with the aid of a staff." In addition to several grieving poems, he chiseled the roughly 2000 characters of his "Dirge for the Zhaohui Queen Zhou" (昭惠周后誄) — "Zhaohui" being her posthumous name — to her headstone himself. Part of the dirge read (as translated by Daniel Bryant):
孰謂逝者
Who is it says, of those departed,
荏苒彌疏
they grow more remote as times goes by?
我思姝子
I long for her, that beautiful lady,
永念猶初
eternally remembering, just as at first.
愛而不見
"I love her but I cannot see her";
我心毀如
my heart seems to blaze and burn.
寒暑斯疚
With chills and fever I am afflicted,
吾寧禦諸
can I ever overcome this?
While Li Yu was almost certainly sincere in his love for his wife, during her last days he also engaged in a secret sexual relationship with Queen Zhou the Younger, the queen's younger sister, who was only around 14 at that time. Worst of all, the queen discovered the "affair" which probably hastened her demise and multiplied Li Yu's regret. A few months later, in late 965, disaster stroke again: Queen Dowager Zhong died after several months of attentive care-taking by Li. The subsequent mourning period delayed Li's marriage to the younger Lady Zhou until 968.
Deaths of Lin Renzhao and Pan You
After conquering Jingnan, the Hunan region and Later Shu, the Song Dynasty army set off to invade Southern Han in 971, Southern Tang's southwestern neighbor. Lin Renzhao, the Southern Tang military governor of Zhenhai Command (鎮海軍) centering in Wuchang (in modern Hubei), believed the opportunity golden to attack the Song cities around Yangzhou (in modern Jiangsu) as the main Song army would be a long distance away and already severely fatigued. Li Yu immediately rejected Lin's request: "Stop the nonsense talks, (stop) destroying (our) country!"
What Li was perhaps unaware was a year before, the Song military had gotten hold of an important chart with detailed measurements of Yangtze River crossing points, provided by a Southern Tang defector named Fan Ruoshui. After the conquest of Southern Han, their next step was to eliminate Lin Renzhao. In 974, Emperor Taizu of Song got hold of a Lin portrait through agents working in Southern Tang, and Li Congshan, the hostage kept in Bianliang, was then made to believe that Lin's loyalty was with Song. When Li Yu was told of this, he without a thorough investigation secretly poisoned Lin to death. Chancellor Chen Qiao angrily reacted to Lin's death: "Seeing loyal ministers killed, I don't know where I will die!".
Not known for his governing skill, Houzhu was nevertheless a highly accomplished scholar, he allowed himself indulgence with artistic and literature pursuits, with little regard to the strong Song Kingdom that was eying its weaker neighbor. In 971, Houzhu dropped the name of Tang from its Kingdom's name, in a desperate move to please the mighty Emperor Taizu of Song.
Of the many other kingdoms surrounding the Southern Tang, only Wuyue to the east had yet to fall. The Southern Tang's turn came in 974, when, after several refusals to summons to the Song court, on the excuse of illness, Song dynasty armies invaded. After a year long siege of the Southern Tang capital, modern Nanjing, Li Houzhu surrendered, in 975; and, he and his family were taken as captives to the Song capital at present-day Kaifeng. In a later poem, Li wrote about the shame and regret he had on the day he was taken away from Jinling (as translated by Hsiung Ting):
The Phoenix Pavilion and Dragon Tower reaching up to the Milky Way,
玉樹瓊枝作烟蘿
Jade trees and jasper branches forming a cloudy net —
幾曾識干戈
Not once did I touch sword or spear!
一旦歸為臣虜
Suddenly I became a captive slave.
沈腰潘鬢銷磨
Frail my waist, gray my temples, grinding away.
最是倉皇辭廟日
Never shall I forget the day when I bade hasty farewell at the ancestral temple.
教坊猶奏別離歌
The court musicians played the farewell songs,
揮淚對宮娥
My tears streamed as I gazed at the court maidens.
Devotion to the arts
Although, Li Yu indeed was a great exponent and developer of the Ci poetry form, which form sometimes or often seems to characterize poetry of the Song Dynasty, there is also some difficulty in categorizing him as a Song poet: the Southern Tang state is more of a continuation of Tang than a precursor on the Song side of the divide of the history of the Tang-Song transition, also known as the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. Li Yu represents both a continuation of the Tang poetry tradition, as well as representing the Ci poetic style which is so especially associated with the poetry of Song.
Li Houzhu devoted much of his time to pleasure-making and literature, and this is reflected in his early poems. A second phase of Li's ci poems seems to have been the development of an even sadder style after the death of his wife, in 964. His best-known, and saddest, poems were composed during the years of his captivity, after he formally abdicated his reign to the Song, in 975. He was created the Marquess of Wei Ming (Chinese: 違命侯; literally, the Marquess of Disobeyed Edicts), a token title only: actually, he was a prisoner, though with the outward accoutrements of a prince. Li's works from this period dwell on his regret for the lost kingdom and the pleasures it had brought him.
He developed the ci by broadening its scope from love to history and philosophy, particularly in his later works. He also introduced the two stanza form, and made great use of contrasts between longer lines of nine characters and shorter ones of three and five. Only 45 of his ci poems survive, thirty of which have been verified to be his authentic works, the other of which are possibly composed by other writers: also, seventeen shi style poems remain to his credit. His story remains very popular in many Cantonese operas.
Death
He was poisoned by the Song emperor Taizong in 978, after he had written a poem that, in a veiled manner, lamented the destruction of his empire and the rape of his second wife Empress Zhou the Younger by the Song emperor. After his death, he was posthumously created the Prince of Wu (吳王).
The roughly 40 (some of which incomplete owing to damaged manuscripts) ci poems possibly written by Li Yu are summarized in the table below. The ci as a poetic form follows set patterns or tunes (詞牌).
A few poems have been set to music in modern times, most notably the 3 songs in superstar Teresa Teng's 1983 album Light Exquisite Feelings. Some of the songs are mentioned below.
Tune
First line
Notes
Cǎi Sāng Zǐ (采桑子)
Lù Lú Jīn Jǐng Wú Tóng Wǎn (轆轤金井梧桐晚)
Tíng Qián Chūn Zhú Hóng Yīng Jìn (庭前春逐紅英盡)
Cháng Xiāng Sī (長相思)
Yún Yī Guā (雲一緺)
Dǎo Liàn Zǐ Ling (搗練子令)
Shēn Yuàn Jìng (深院靜)
Dié Liàn Huā (蝶戀花)
Yáo Yè Tíng Gāo Xián Xìn Bù (遙夜亭臯閑信步)
Huàn Xī Shā (浣溪沙)
Hóng Rì Yǐ Gāo Sān Zhàng Tòu (紅日已高三丈透)
Làng Táo Shā (浪淘沙)
Lián Wài Yǔ Chán Chán (簾外雨潺潺)
Tune written as Làng Táo Shā Lìng (浪淘沙令)
Wǎng Shì Zhǐ Kān Āi (往事只堪哀)
Lín Jiāng Xiān (臨江仙)
Qín Lóu Bù Jiàn Chuī Xiāo Nǚ (秦樓不見吹簫女)
Tune written as Xiè Xīn Ēn (謝新恩) Missing 1 character in the sixth line
Teresa Teng sang it in Mandarin Shiao Lih-ju sang it in Mandarin
Xiè Xīn Ēn (謝新恩)
Jīn Chuāng Lì Kùn Qǐ Huán Yōng (金窗力困起還慵)
Missing the rest of the poem
Rǎn Rǎn Qiū Guāng Liú Bù Zhù (冉冉秋光留不住)
Possibly missing lines and/or characters
Tíng Kōng Kè Sàn Rén Guī Hòu (庭空客散人歸後)
Yīng Huā Luò Jìn Chūn Jiāng Kùn (櫻花落盡春將困)
Missing 2 lines
Yīng Huā Luò Jìn Jiē Qián Yuè (櫻花落盡階前月)
Yī Hú Zhū (一斛珠)
Wǎn Zhuāng Chū Guò (晚妝初過)
Yú Fù (漁父)
Làng Huā Yǒu Yì Qiān Chóng Xuě (浪花有意千重雪)
Yī Zhào Chūn Fēng Yī Yè Zhōu (一棹春風一葉舟)
Yù Lóu Chūn (玉樓春)
Wǎn Zhuāng Chū Liǎo Míng Jī Xuě (晚妝初了明肌雪)
Chang Chen sang it in Mandarin
Yú Měi Rén (虞美人)
Chūn Huā Qiū Yuè Hé Shí Liǎo (春花秋月何時了)
Teresa Teng sang it in Mandarin Chan Ho Tak sang it in Cantonese Huang Yee-ling and others sang it in Taiwanese Huang Fei sang it in Taiwanese
Fēng Huí Xiǎo Yuàn Tíng Wú Lǜ (風回小院庭蕪綠)
Poetry Examples
Poems like these are often invoked in later periods of strife and confusion by literary figures.
"Western Tower" (獨上西樓)
One of Li Yu's most famous poems, popularly known as "Alone Up the Western Tower" (獨上西樓), was written after his capture. As translated by Chan Hong-mo: This was also rendered into a song by Teresa Teng, one of the most popular Asian singers ever. Teresa Teng 1983: 獨上西樓
無言獨上西樓
Alone to silence, up the western tower, I myself bestow.
"Bìng Qǐ Tí Shān Shě Bì" (病起題山舍壁; "Getting up while Ill: Written Upon the Wall of My Mountain Lodge")
"Bìng Zhōng Gǎn Huái" (病中感懷; "Feelings while Ill")
"Bìng Zhōng Shū Shì" (病中書事; "Written while Ill")
"Dào Shī" (悼詩; "Poem of Mourning")
"Dù Zhōng Jiāng Wàng Shí Chéng Qì Xià" (渡中江望石城泣下; "Gazing at Stone City from Mid-river and Weeping")
"Gǎn Huái" (感懷; "My Feelings") — 2 poems
"Jiǔ Yuè Shí Rì Ǒu Shū" (九月十日偶書; "Jotted Down on the Tenth Day of the Ninth Month")
"Méi Huā" (梅花; "Plum Blossoms") — 2 poems
"Qiū Yīng" (秋鶯; "Autumn Warbler")
"Shū Líng Yán Shǒu Jīn" (書靈筵手巾; "Written on the Napkin for a Sacrificial Banquet")
"Shū Pí Pá Bèi" (書琵琶背; "Written on the Back of a Pipa")
"Sòng Dèng Wáng Èr Shí Dì Cóng Yì Mù Xuān Chéng" (送鄧王二十弟從益牧宣城; "On Saying Farewell to My Younger Brother Chongyi, the Prince of Deng, Who is Going Away to Govern Xuancheng") — including a long letter
"Tí jīn lóu zi hòu" (題金樓子後; "Written at the end of the Jinlouzi") — including a preface
"Wǎn Chí"(輓辭; "Poem of Mourning") — 2 poems
"To the Tune of Liǔ Zhī" mentioned in the ci section may also be classified as a shi.
Prose writing
Though miscellaneous in character, Li Yu's surviving prose writings also demonstrated his poetic genius. For example, "Dirge for the Zhaohui Queen Zhou" is rhymed and almost entirely in regular four-character metre, resembling the dominant fu form a millennium before.
Calligraphy
"Traveling on the River in First Snow" (江行初雪) by the Southern Tang painter Zhao Gan (趙幹), National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan. The column of 11 characters on the right edge of the painting, which specified the artist and the title, was written by Li Yu.
Li Yu's calligraphy style has been dubbed "golden inlaid dagger" (金錯刀) for its perceived force and clarity. As one Song Dynasty writer noted: "The large characters are like split bamboo, the small ones like clusters of needles; altogether unlike anything done with a brush!"
Television series
Three independent television series focused on the complex relationships between Li Yu (Li Houzhu), Emperor Taizu of Song (Zhao Kuangyin) and the various women in their lives. They are:
^ Jump up to:abUnlike his father and grandfather, Li Yu never ruled as an emperor. His official title as a ruler was a king (國主), the same as his father after 958. During Li Yu's reign from 961 until 974, Southern Tang was nominally a vassal state of the Song Dyasty. Even after the rejection of the relationship following the Song invasion in 974, Li Yu never declared himself emperor.
^The song, "Shān Hé Lèi" (山河淚), with music by Lee Shih Shiongand Lee Wei Shiong, served as an ending theme song of the 1986 Singaporean TV series The Sword and the Song, of which Li Yu is a central character. It was also included in her 1986 album Heart Rain(心雨).
^The song, "Dú Shàng Xī Lóu" (獨上西樓), with music by Liu Chia-chang, was included in her 1983 album Light Exquisite Feelings.
^The song, "Dú Shàng Xī Lóu", with music by Lee Shih Shiong and Lee Wei Shiong, served as an ending theme song of the 1986 TV series The Sword and the Song. It was also included in her 1986 album Heart Rain.
^The song, "Yù Lóu Chūn", with music by Tso Hung-yuen, served as an ending theme song of the 1996 Taiwanese TV series Love, Sword, Mountain & River, of which Li Yu is a central character. It was also included in the drama's soundtrack album.
^The song, "Jǐ Duō Chóu" (幾多愁), with music by Tan Chien-chang, was included in her 1983 album Light Exquisite Feelings. It was later covered by Fei Yu-ching for the ending theme song to the 2006 Chinese TV series Li Houzhu and Zhao Kuangyin, of which Li Yu is a central character.
^The song, "Chèun Fà Chàu Yùht" (春花秋月), with music by Lai Siu Tin, was included in his 1994 compilation album Greatest Hits(金碟精選).
^The song, "Chhun Hoe Chhiu Go̍at" (春花秋月) featuring Cheng Jun-wei, Hsu Fu-kai and Wu Jun-hong, with music by Ho Ching-ching, was included in her 2008 album Telling Myself (講乎自己聽).
^The song, "Gû Bí Jîn" (虞美人), with music by Chang Nai-jen, served as the ending theme song of the 2008 Taiwanese TV series Pili Shen Zhou II: The Devil Relics. It was also included in her 2012 compilation album The Best of Huang Fei 2 (盛開).
Landau, Julie. 1994. Beyond spring tz'u poems of the Sung dynasty. Translations from the Asian classics. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN0-231-09678-XISBN978-0-231-09678-2
Liu, Kezhang. 2006. An appreciation and English translation of one hundred Chines (i.e. Chinese) cis during the Tang and Song dynasties. Pittsburgh, Penn: RoseDog Books. ISBN0-8059-9008-9ISBN978-0-8059-9008-9
MacKintosh, Duncan and Alan Ayling. 1967. A collection of Chinese lyrics. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.
(937-978) words re-light, Southern Tang emperor of. AD 975, Songmie Nan Tang, he was called "disobedience Hou," prisoner's life after three years, was finally killed
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No. 3
Li Yu (937-978): the Five Dynasties period master of Southern Tang, Ci. Font-weight light, the early name from Peggy, bell hidden, the Bank said in Painting. AD 961 to 975 years in office, during life, luxury, ignoring affairs of state. Song Bing break Jinling, a drop knee, sealing against the life Hou, after Taizong poison. Workers painting, fine temperament, especially good at words. Ci Graceful ease, a breakthrough in the subject matter of the late Tang Dynasty, only to write the word "erotic" in the fence. Descendants of its words and its parent fe69 (the main) work, co-engraved for the "Southern Tang 2 subject."
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Millennium moment
A "painful month in the old country," explained one of the vicissitudes of pronouns emperor, his heart did not dive deep in literary poetry. As a royal for him, he never heli pack when the emperor's mind. However, history always like to open this kind of joke: In the Southern Tang dynasty emperor's heir, the then master Li Jing Li Lei before 烈祖 souls sent a vow "brother and brother end", that the throne passed to his brother King then, but because of Li Yu's brother Hongyi that the eldest son of Li Jing _set_ a time exploits, and it stood Hongyi as Prince, "the brother and brother end" do not mention it for years. But Li Yu's brother Hongyi Li Jing's character and his father is a world of difference, and Hongyi resolute and decisive man, the lust for power is very strong, so always make are not satisfied when the emperor Li Jing, Li Jing in turn reminds brother final brother and things. Li Hongyi worried father vowed to follow the throne passed to his uncle, then his uncle secret scene then killed, though still not able emperor Li Hong Ji. Why? Because, after all, history is history. He actually wanted obsessed emperor after his uncle died a few months did not have to go along. So our hero Li Yu took on the overall response to this mess to start the Later Tang Dynasty emperor. Li Yu became emperor, they will give the Northern Song Dynasty wrote a "throne brought in on the table." We can see from this article, Li Yu next is really a mess, this is also expressed he has no intention to do emperor. This is the future emperor career can reflect, as Li Yu's indecision, so he committed many political mistake - got to not kill, do not got to kill, is one important point. Understandably, Li Yu inevitably will become later Qinzong and Huizong as captives. Although the road when the emperor not been able to take a good, but it goes pretty bad, but his position in the history of poetry is extraordinary. After the subjugation, the capital of the Song Dynasty in his letters of their own subjugation sad feelings without fear. An "ask to have the misery, like a river flows to the east," a sense of ho Smythe country, creating a word also lyrical precedent. He is also the kind of patriotism was later blessed so far, a "Poppy" Chunhuaqiuyue ruined a generation of great poet, but at the same time created the eternal word of God spread this tragedy. Here we come to the word of God into the inner world of his characters to daydream a year pronouns vicissitudes of God!
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Li Yu of its people
Li Yu (937-978), Southern Tang monarch, Han, the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms reign (961-975), the word Shigemitsu, the beginning from Kerry, bell hidden, feng lay. Longxi Cheng Ji (now Gansu Jingning) people. Nan Li Jing Tang Yuanzong sixth son, was Jianlong years (961 years) to the throne, known as Li Yu. Bao eight years, the country broke down Song prisoners to Bianjing, has been called on the generals and right kN Wei, Hou disobedience. After Taizong was poisoned. Li Yu, though not through politics, but his art talent was extraordinary. Li Yu Jing calligraphy achievement, good painting, through temperament, there is a certain poetry and cultural attainments, especially words maximum. Mainly be grouped into two categories: The first category is the Song written down before, mainly reflecting the court life and love between men and women, the subject matter is narrow; After the second category is the drop Song, Li Yu subjugation of deep pain because of past events Remembrance, and for the rich to their own feelings, work achievements of this period far exceeds previous, described as "Kamijina." Eternal masterpiece "Poppy", "Waves", "Wu Yeti" are into at this time. Word for most of this period Qijue pathos, and describe their main railing afar, dream return to the scene, expressed his "homeland" for the "past" infinite nostalgia. Li Yu plays an important role in the history of Chinese words, is called "the eternal word emperor." Impact on future generations are also quite large. He inherited Flowers camp tradition since the late Tang Dynasty poet, but by the specific sense of the image of the personality, reflecting the mood with some general sense in real life, the word of creation took a big step forward, expanding the performance in the field of the word. Lee Yuk Man, words and books, paintings were abundant. Its main collection in the word "Southern Tang two main word" (Li Jing has his father's work) in. One of the four flags graceful camp, four flags in the number "were unhappy"
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Outline
Li Yu talented, book good painting, poetry can be good at words, through sound dawn law, a person pronouns was later passed down through the ages; the mood for power, longing for life Hermitage throne Li Yu can complete surprise, but unfortunately fate would is engraved in the history of the subjugation of the dossier on the king, and he hated himself born in the imperial family. Merits and wrong, has become a locus of history. He succeed to the throne when the Southern Tang Bong Song Zhengshuo has repeatedly into Song tribute, seek security in the southern corner. Song Kaibao seven years (974 years), which brought its northward Chao repeatedly sent people are not resigned. In October, Songbing Nan under attack Nanking. City break in November next year, the emperor Routan down, captured to Bianjing, Hou Feng disobedience. Taizong's reign, Jin Feng Longxi county fair. Taipingxingguo three years (978 years) Tanabata is his 42-year birthday, according to Wang Song "memorization" Taizong gave cover to pull the machine drug poisoning death. Bestowed king, buried in Luoyang Mangshan. He specializes in painting, versed in temperament, work on poetry, particularly the Five Crown word. Early word write more pleasure deserted palace life style soft extravagant, but it was not his longing for life, mostly empty helpless; late term reflects the pain of subjugation, the expansion theme, mood profound, sincere feelings, language fresh, very artistic appeal. He and Li Jing posterity will work compilation is "." Early word for emperor beautiful soft extravagant style, not off "flower room" habits. In the "sooner or tears wash only" house arrest career, to make the country after the death of one song after another weeping with blood swan song, so the subjugation of the monarch become eternal altar word "south King" (Qing Chen Xiong "Ancient Words" language), It is "unfortunate Poets fortunate country, then to the vicissitudes of the sentence beginning work." The word for late, desolate tragic, artistic conception, Su Xin has been called "bold" faction to lay the groundwork for the word in the history of the past and the great master, such as Wang Guowei "Human Words," said: "Words to Li Yu and vision began large, then deep emotion. "As elegant and harmonious, phonology its statement, it is unprecedented for it. The emperor has _set_, has been lost. Existing word forty-six, which made the first of several early works or for others, who can determine only thirty-eight.
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生平
959 years, Li Hong Ji died soon after the poison Li Jing attempted. Li Jing intend to Li Li Yu as Crown Prince, Chung-mo said: cool light from the Guardian blog cowardly letter Addiction to Buddhism, inhuman main was good bold dignified, appropriate for the heir. "Li Jing angry, looking for an excuse to bell mo derogatory to national sub-Secretary for Industry, exiled to Raozhou. Seal Li Yu as king, the Book of Order know the conduct of public affairs, so that it lived in the Orient House.
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Writing background
After captured in Kaifeng disobedience has been called Hou, worship KN left guard generals. Zhao Hong Yee said many times in the history books stay strong week after a small palace. Every Xiao Zhou go back, cried all swore, Li Yu in pain depressed, wrote "occidentalis", "Midnight Song", "Poppy" and other songs. Ancient painters also painted "Fortunately, Xiao Zhou Ling Hee Figure," Ming Shen Fu "wild allocated": "The Song painting" Fortunately, Xiao Zhou Ling Hee Figure "Taizong wearing Fu head, face and body color Guizhou fertilizer, weeks after the delicate limbs, the number of people hold the palace, frown made after numerous weeks of state. " Yuan Feng Hai Su in the figure poem: "South Lee was left flowers, is also off to a strong kings; blame the wind rushed in from the bottom of gold, full of purple dragon Misono heap." (Little weeks are Ehuang sister, after being crowned Ms. Zheng Guo, and was prescribed a regular palace visit. while small weeks after a stunning beauty, Zhao Guangyi that Taizong covet their beauty).
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Family
Child Child The eldest son of Prince Chung apartment Qingyuan county fair Xian Qi Huai Wang Zhongxuan second son Empress After After Zhaohui Guo Zhou Dynasty statue of St. Ehuang (big week) Following the country Ehuang sister (small weeks) Imperial concubine Paul Miriam Wong Pinyuliuzhu Joe's Palace Maiko Mother subterranean
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Artistic achievement
Li Yu in the arts, with high achievement. The most famous words are poppy and Waves orders. He can book good painting calligraphy, its calligraphy: Tao Gu "clear differences recorded" Zeng says: "emperor of good books, pens Jiu Qu shape as flutter, Emotion as Han Song cream bamboo, that the 'wrong knife.' characters do not matter for the pen, roll of silk manuscripts, able smug, the world that 'summarized lapel book'. " His paintings of the Song Guo Ruoxu "picture horizons Chi", saying: "South emperor Li Yu, ability and insight clear age support, paintings and fine taste outlook painted stone forest, birds, far too often flows, higher accident.." Unfortunately no painting handed down in the post. Li Yu word word style can be divided into two periods captured 975 years. His early style beautiful soft word extravagant, not from "Blossom" habits. According content can be broadly divided into two categories: one is the description of the magnificent palace life and the romantic circumstances of men and women, such as "Pusa", "REUNION" of his later life in words due to the changes in order to make one song after another sob Masterpiece in the blood, so that the subjugation of the monarch become eternal altar word "south King" (Qing Chen Xiong "Ancient Words" language), it is "unfortunate Poets fortunate countries, then the Vicissitudes." The word for late, desolate tragic, artistic conception, Su Xin has been called "bold" faction to lay the groundwork for the word in the history of the past and the great master. As elegant and harmonious, phonology its statement, it is unprecedented for it. Such as "Poppy", "Waves order" Wang Guowei said: "温飞卿 of words, sentences show also; Wei end our own words also show bone; Words Lee Chung-kwong, Shenxiu too." And added: "The word began to Li Yu and big eyes, then deep emotion, then change the words of the actors and for the scholar's work week referral kept brushed warm words, under Wei, indeed reversing black and white men.." This last one but for alms in the "medium term mingled on deposit vegetarian" in the Road: "Wang Qiang, beauty, and the world is also U.S. woman, Yan Jia makeup, makeup is also good, thick clothing messy head does not cover national colors. Fei Qing, Yan makeup; client himself, makeup too; emperor, the chaos head coarse clothes carry. ". Wang believes that this assessment is the Yang Wen, Wei, suppression emperor. The academics also view, intended to refer to Li Yu Zhou Ji inferior Tingyun expressions in terms of neat antithesis modified so Weizhuang, however, the word for a lively and fluency, the former is obviously more thriving, natural, "coarse clothing chaos head does not cover national color." LiYu get rid of the "Flowers _set_" extravagant floats, his words do not leave carving, language crisp, vivid, distinctive character, soul sincere, subjugation is made after broad themes, meaning deep, Late Tang Dynasty more than words , sent word to become early Song graceful mountains, later called him "the word holy." Li Yu's words, since the late Tang Dynasty between Tingyun inherited, such as flowers Weizhuang word tradition, but also by the impact of Li Jing, Feng Yansi etc., will be the creation of the word is a big step forward. The main achievements in: ① expanded performance area of the word. Before Li Yu, the main word in erotic content shallow, even if ignited little arms, also mostly used Bixing tactics remain hidden. The majority of the works LiYu is straight from the heart, a sense of life experience to pour home country, the situation really loved language. So Wang Guowei said: "The word began to Li Yu and big eyes, then deep emotion, then change the word Ling's work and for the literati of the word." ("Human Words") ② with high generality. Li Yu's words, often through specific sense of individuality to reflect the image of a state with a general sense of real life. "Fashion goes in cycles east, my country next month in painful" ([Poppy]), "water is lost also, heaven and earth" ([Waves]), "Individuality life Regret water long East" ( [REUNION]), "Lihen just as spring grass, but the line farther still life" ([Qingping Le]) and so famous, wrote a profound and vivid feeling of joys and sorrows of life, causing many readers resonate with future generations. ③ natural language, refined yet expressive. His words do not Loujin wrong color, and literary talent moving; do not faint their word, but touching and meaningful; formation of both fresh and flowing and Wanqu caused deep artistic features. ④ originality in style. "Flowers Collection" and the Southern Tang word euphemism Miri generally known, and Li Yu is out of order sparse dang. Such as "Yu Louchun" and "ho dang", "Wu Yeti" and "Ruran large", "Waves" and "magnificent Resentment, and two were male" (see Tan Ju Xian "Complex Hall Words") "Poppy" and "natural and unrestrained," "born foal as uncontrolled catch" (alms "referral kept fast on the word mingled"), both hard and soft beauty, as indeed is different from the general graceful, in late Tang Dynasty word distinctiveness. As Nalanxingde said: "Inter flower words, such as ancient jade, precious not apply, Song applicable and less heavy, Li Yu both its beauty, Rao blur of smoke caused by the water." ("Lu water ting to say ") Li Yu this has _set_, has been lost. Existing word forty-four. Several of the first or early works made for others, who can determine only thirty-eight. His old veterans that he had "Collected Works", Volume 30, and "miscellaneous said" one hundred. "Jun Zhai reading" contains "Li Yu _set_" Volume 10, "History of the Song Dynasty History" also contains "Southern Tang emperor Li _set_" 10 volumes, were lost. "Direct vegetarian Booklist problem solving" contained "Southern Tang two main word" Volume 1, is now able to see the Ming Wanli forty-eight years (1620) of the ink Chinese vegetarian recorded LiYu 34, where "occidentalis" one can divided into two. After the Qing Dynasty and recorded a 邵长光, modern Wang Guowei as "Southern Tang two main word" addendum, an increase of 9, but which seems to have a lot of problems. In the opinion of the majority of modern scholars, the word can be identified as Li Yu, but 32. Annotations its word Qing Liu increasing the "Southern Tang Jian two main word" neighbor Don Guizhang "Southern Tang Jian two main vocabulary," Wang Wen's "Southern Tang two main word revision" and so on. Zhan Antai's "Li Jing Li Yu," notes quite detailed. See story "New History of the Five," "Song" and Ma orders, Lu two "Southern Tang", the people of summer Chengtao "Southern Tang two main Chronicle." Weeks after patching together with the large "Colourful Plumage."
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Li Yu's literary works
[Xiexin En] Sakura fall for order from the previous month, Like Chuangchouyixun cage. Today, much like last year, Hate is also the same. Dual DW is not the whole cloud haggard, Tears stained red Bra. Where Acacia bitter? Screens Zuimeng in. Even the book [September 10] Late Yuqiu wine Zhaxing overcast, dark and quiet mood when feeling it hard. Not a brilliant yellow snub, soughing of wind blow leaves competing drums. Back to back World states can be repulsive vulgar, even sentimental edge still unknown forget. Since Shuangbin stained white, but do not learn from Ani scared. [Yu Louchun] Evening early Ming muscle snow, spring temple Bin E filed out. Feng Xiao busy blowing clouds without water, heavy Seduction songs by Toru times. Rinpu who are more fragrant shavings, drunk shot Langan touching everything. Hugh put the candle bonuses when deserved, to be clear horseshoe riding Night Moon. [Orioles] autumn I do not know anything residual Orioles autumn, crossing the forest of still travel alone. Listen to all sorts of Qinger old tongue, deep yellow one o'clock into the smoke stream. World Migratory back later with grief Lu, Sheng Liu bright as broken in Gou. Mo more linger well go back, Revlon bleak Liaohua worry. [Disease] from Tishanshebi Chad Hill homes into the disease early light, said Zhang Li towel brown leisure. Open a small stove fire deep to pick up, new stream channel cited a few songs sound. An occasional rotten about Pang Juan quality, end-of-no students were asked far. Who reciprocation Dust tired, corrupt institutions together ichthyosaurs strong name. [More funnel] Siskin hairpin, Pink faces, flowers in temporary meet. Know my meaning, a sense of pity for the king, this situation must ask days. Incense for ear wax into tears, but also like the two mind. Alexandra pillow tired, Kam quilt cold, sleep for Genglou disabled. (Say Tingyun do) [More funnel] Stir long, thin spring flowers leak sound Tiao delivery. Cypriot scared geese, from the city of Uzbekistan, gold painted screen partridge. Mist thin, transparent heavy curtain, melancholy Xie pool pavilion. Candle back, embroidered curtain down, a dream I do not know the long-jun. (Say Tingyun do) [Sauvignon Blanc] A heavy mountain, double the mountains, far from the days of high water, cold smoke, Acacia Maple Leaf Dan. Chrysanthemums, chrysanthemum disabled, stuffed geese fly who is not also a curtain brothels idle. [Sauvignon Blanc] Cloud a Gua (vortex), Jade a shuttle, Dan Luo Dan Shaner thin, light frown double Dai Lo. Autumn and more rain phase and, Lianwai banana thirty-two nest night long people do nothing! [Sent from Tang Yi Mu Wang twenty brother Xuancheng] Ge-dimensional light and more delays, but unfortunately do not pour the wine heavy portable solution. Hao light rippling waves invade worry, chaotic mountain condensate hate the color level. Jun Ho Chi Hui Ji extreme situation, I Pinglan dry day westward. How much smoke right close to the river, do not need to re-embrace desolately. [Crossing] Jiang Wang Shicheng Qixia South Jiangbei old hometown, a dream three decades. Wu Yuan Gong Wei now cold, Koryo temples and palaces have been desolate. Cloud cage Yuanxiu worry one thousand, rain owned boat tears million lines. Four brothers, three hundred, unbearable to sit fine thoughts. [Pull] speech Jennifer Chu broken front, spring flowers withered world outside. Unsold heart to hate, and loss of body hands. Jade trunk still residual drug Xianglian has stained dust. The sense of grief after the former, no tears can be stained towel. Brilliant quality with Yoshiki, floating dangerous road Luetong. Being sad spring implementation, and Ku Yu plexus injury. Calendula Korea now where, wandering thing is empty. Dark place without asking, golden Xie Dongfeng. [Poetry of Mourning] Nan Xiao Yong Nian release, solitary pregnant pain since sigh. Autumn rain lonely, unhappy cited increased disease. Pharynx never thought before the wind, the darkened eyes flowers. Empty king should read me, poor child being lost home. [Recollections] See also Tung Blossom fat old branch, on the first floor Amidst the twilight desolately. Pinglan melancholy man who, unknowingly 潸然泪 low eye. Layer the city no longer see Jiao Zi, Festival wrapped sorrow not self-sustaining. Empty year old smoke month, the City of Hibiscus Crescent cry. [Plum] Attentive transplant, the music side sill small bar. Weighing approximately Fong day, but also do not worry Sheng Yan. Choke opening step barrier, multiply monthly irrigation Cold Spring. Unexpectedly after flowers, Crescent is not full. Lost fireworks Lord, Dongjun since I do not know. He used more fragrance, hair still sticks last year. [Book] spiritual feast towel Bliss were gaunt, strong year-old lost moon. Khan left hand incense stains, marks eyebrow dye Dai smoke. [Back] lute book Large crowd from the shoulder, such as cutting, Nansheng few strands sash. Fantasy stay Pteris, I warm in Tan slot. [Disease] in recollections Gaunt years even, depression benefit from injuries. Wind Wei invasion of bone disease, Rain gas pharynx feeling of sadness. Ding Wei medicine or night, toward the half-dyed cream mustache. He actually seems to leading edge, and asked who the king empty. [Thing] disease in the book Wife rugged tract disease itself, Yanzuo fragrance thinking himself. Yue Zhao Wei pound medicine retreat, secluded courtyard door shut only to birds. Listen to what the word quack lazy to take, Xiaobi the line force is not forbidden. Ryan asked Buddhism known odor, or trouble Wan Tu invasion. [Given] the palace people Qingnu Spring style see getting old shame, a sense of ecstasy Jiuyou everywhere. Thank met like long, strong brush head hanging tobacco state. [Title] after Jin Louzai Toothpick million shaft in red raw silk, Wang Can book with paid fire. Do not stay in the ancestral dragon face, leaving papers that get now. [Sentence] Span of Altair, dark and quiet in the sun river. Can Can Nibea woman, dedicated remote sea. Orioles should hate mad, there is not much Splendor. ("Petals") Bowed to months in hand, full of wind shake. ("Ode fan") Sick as weakness, Yanyan to five years. (Hereinafter "Law marrow Note") Failure Yan led a difficult disease complex, Xiaodian Jun Pro quite self-shame. Qin sneer slightly by far, still bitter pity Kyi full time patrol. Tim coming from today's new white, yellow chrysanthemum is still last year. (Hereinafter "the name of Tan Han Fu") Vancomycin head normalized dead, Zuixiang burial ground plateau. Life is short, just as the Millennium painting. ("Wild off Cong Tan") Day Yingxian thin clouds, sky blue autumn high deep. ("Sea record broken thing") Wu Hui Chiu began latent dragon candle will compete Bing. (Hereinafter, "post hole") Lu Ning Chu full branches. Yang date tour West, solemn beginning to cold. Nine open fan swan, four lattice window Ping light fish. Origin bogey-free operator discretion. Pour bowl more longevity, deep goblet handed bargain. [Poppy] Chunhuaqiuyue when the living memories. Fashion goes in cycles east, Painful month in the homeland. Diaolan jade puzzle to be still in force is changed. Memories can be misery, Like a river flows to the east. [Poppy] Wu Ting wind back yard green, willow spring continued with the eye. Pinglan alone half-day silence, Bamboo still sound like a crescent moon that year. Complains not jar loose respect in the pool surface ice early solution. Ming incense candle deep dark painted floor, Full of temples Qingshuang any snow thinking hard. [Waves] Lianwai rain gurgling, spring sometime. Luo quilt just before dawn cold intolerance. Never Dreamed I was off, a noon greedy joy. Mo alone, lean on a railing, infinite landscape, Do not easily see the time is difficult. Water is lost also, heaven on earth. [Waves] Past only worthy of sorrow, for King difficult row. Autumn garden moss invasion bands. Term bead busy not roll all day, Who? Revenge has been deeply buried, strong gas Artemisia Levin. Yuet Wah open net late cold days. Yuk Yiu want to get the house movies, aerial Qinhuai! [Wu Yeti] Last night the wind and rain, curtain curtain whispering sounds of autumn. Candle residue drain off frequency interjection pillow. Ups can not be flat. Man things with water, count to a dream Bliss. Zuixiang appropriate frequency to stabilize the road, in addition bear the line. [REUNION] Lin Hua Xie Chun, Too hastily, Reluctantly move to Hanyu night to the wind. Rouge Tears, Phase stay drunk (to keep people drunk), When heavy? Needless to say life Regret water long East. [REUNION] Silent alone on the West, Month, such as hooks, Lonely Shen Yuan Indus lock clear autumn. Cut, Chaotic, Is sadness, Do not be the general feeling among us. [A] Gok beads Early evening makeup too, Shen Tan these children a lighter note. Lilac twilight stars to people, A Qing Song, No lead cherries broken. Luo Xiu Yi Yin residual color can be, Cup dark dirty spin mash is fragrant. With delicate embroidered bed diagonally without it, Red Velvet rotten chewing, Laugh to Tan Lang saliva. [Huanxisha] Red date through thirty feet high, Tim Golden furnace sequence beast, Step wrinkled red brocade with lichens. Girl Dance point nobile slip, When evil twist flower sniffing wine, Do Dian Xiao Yao Wen played drums. [Huanxisha] Candle drift turn a dream return, To find traces of human non-despair, Day wish to teach and body violated. PASSING moon pool to be empty _set_s, Yam flower pavilion à oblique Hui, Boarding at more stained clothing. [Song] Li Yu Flower moon dark mist the cage, Xiao Lang this good side to go! Chan to step fragrant socks bands, Portable burial shoes. HuaTang South River See Always cuddle people quiver. Slaves to come out hard, Jiaojun wanton pity. [Linjiangxian] Cherry shed Chungui go, turn light pink butterfly Flying. Cuckoo sings month xiaolou West, Yu led curtain hooks, melancholy Muyan hanging. After the doors were scattered Lane solitude, hope residual tobacco downturn. Incense busy delicate Phoenix children. Luo with empty holds, hate Yiyi back. [Po Zhenzi] Four decades of home and country, Three thousand miles to the mountains and rivers. Fengge Lung Lau even fearless, Yushu Chiung-chih as smoke dill. Few had knowledge of arms? Once classified as minister prisoner, Shen Pan coming back to kill. Most are resigned panic Temple Day, Utah played Jiaofang parting song. Vertical (one for "play") Tears for Gonge. [Midnight Song] How can life Chouhen free? I love what ecstasy alone limit! Dream return to the homeland, to feel tears down. Who is the tallest building on? Long sunny autumn look in mind. Past has become empty, but also like a dream. [Occidentalis] Idle dream away, Masayoshi southern spring. Lu orchestral river boat, the city Fei Xu roll like dust, Busy killing people look at flowers! [Occidentalis] Idle dream away, Southland are clear autumn. Cold color country thousands of miles away, the depths of the aloe boat mooring. Flute in the floor next month. [Occidentalis] How much hate, My Dream Last Night. Also like the old amusement Court, vehicles such as water Ma Ju-lung; Flowers are spring! [Occidentalis] How many tears, broken face complex cross-yi. Mo and tears mind will say, when Feng Sheng tears to blow off; Heartbroken more doubt! Order】 【three Insomnia is more tired long, chlamydia Deto line. January cold autumn bamboo cold night wind shear window sound. [Caisangzi] Windlass Kanai Indus late, Scared a few trees in autumn. Xinchou day rain. Shrimp hundred feet shall jade hook. Joan spring break windows cracked double moth, Looking back on the first side, Yuji scales swim, Nine Hanbo not upstream. [Switchgrass] Spring style see getting old shame, Everywhere Fanghun sense Jiuyou; Thank you like long acquaintance, Strong vertical smoke spike brush head. [Xiexin En] Qinlou seen female flute, Garden scenery on margins. Pink British gold core from low Ang. Dongfeng annoyed me, just send a lapel incense. Joan window □ (original missing) left Canri dream, then how long have hate! Bi Ying Chueiyang railings outside. Temporarily meet, consider lazy dream. [Qingping Le] Do not come to spring a half, Rouchang striking off. Mei puzzle falling snow chaos Whisk up a still full. Geese to news rumor, Lu Yao go hard into the dream. Lihen just as spring grass, More line farther still raw. [Return] Lang Nguyen Second brother was Wat Arun Title mountains east wind Water Day, spring length is idle. Petals mess wine sometime, complains Zuimeng room. Perry sound quiet, evening makeup residue, with whom the whole Chui DW? Linger scene unfortunately brow, Yilan evening alone. [Caisangzi] Tingqian spring by Hongying do, dance hovering state. Drizzle Fei Wei, temporarily hold open when the eyebrows. Lvchuang Fang sounds cool off, Indian incense ashes. Chennai feelings, drowsiness hazy dream come. [So] Lian pound Shen Yuan Jing, a small atrium space, Intermittent cold anvil intermittent wind. Helpless night long people insomnia, Few months to sound and curtain cage. [Pound] Lian Yunbin chaos, evening makeup residue, Meier Yuanxiu save with hate. Oblique care Xiangsai tender bamboo shoots, Whom and tears Yilan dry? [Fisherman] Spray intends thousand snow, a team of peaches and plums silent spring. Jug of wine, a pole-lun, a few people in the world such as Lennon? [Fisherman] A spring leaf boat oar, a wisp of a light lun cocoon hook. For full flower, full cup of wine, ten thousand ares wave free. [Butterflies] Ting Gao busy night walking away, at first glance too clear, early Spring and twilight sleep. Rain wind a few points about living, hazy clouds come and Dan month. Tao Li Yiyi spring of darkness, who is in swing, laughing gently in silence. A heart ten million thread, not a _set_ of the world. [Midnight Song] Spring must be the first to find early spring, Mo to be spent watching the old flowers. Yu Qing soft misty colors, grains floating light surface clean. Why not laugh Can frequency, Court ban Chungui late. With drunk and leisure flat, with Jiegu into poetry. [Song] Penglai female hospital closed the roof, painting the Church nap people speechless. Throw pillow Cuiyun light, embroidered smell fragrant. The potential to move bead locks, shocked screens dream. Smiling face slowly, with infinite love to see. [Song] Copper crisp spring Yun Qiang ACADEMY, new sound played slow shift fiber jade. Wink dark phase hook, Wink horizontal desire stream. Nimbus deep embroidered household to have harmonious co prime. Feast strike and into an empty, soul lost in illusion. [XiQian Orioles] Aria fall, cloud microphysical places, Silent pillow interjection. Dreaming Grass thinking Yiyi, Days away Yansheng thin. Warbler sings scattered, I spend chaos, HuaTang lonely Shen Yuan. Piece Red Hugh sweeps from Iraq, Leave people go dancing. "Should everlasting": a hook early months clinical shaving mirrors, cicadas coming Feng Chai careless not the whole. Heavy curtain static floor distant, melancholy falling wind uncertain. Liu Di Grass Trail, West Side windlass Kanai. Lanna last night more sober, Singing Sorrowful over cure. [Zhao Hui weeks after the eulogy] Forever, sigh sigh steamed China. Shiyu both wins, joys and sorrows of the dispute. Love Yau house edge, touch something to Tianjin. Riches surplus World Fair, Le xian worry Yin. Shen Wu succeed rabbit, Mao summer withered spring. Mi Kuang-year study, it was forgotten new. Que King decadent shore, reading Chuan Shi Ben. Foreign objects sympathetic, still hurt the ancients. Sly dream GAOTANG, birth boast Luopu, virtual structure Quping also Benjamin Zhonggu. Destroy my heart condition, Xing sorrow have land. Koo Ho gray, J-I and his wife? Transamerica hard to follow, not Paul the world. Jade beads melt weep, die and then broken. Sophie instrument Junde, reflecting fresh lone pairs, fiber Nong graceful, Euphemistic Open. Yan not to MCC, wisdom or no injury. Shen Xi disc ring, but Su Shen Chang. Huanpei Yuan Festival, rash have chapters. Would frown laugh, pull out show Teng Fong. Coming from the clouds to stay Kam, eye color fly light. Yang Chun-mei love, words of love wind incense. Rose pose intrinsic differences, Ye Zhao Jin Xiang. Shirley No offense, both teach and tongues. The vast death alone. I care what the township? I married Xi Yan Er situation better. No media workers resigned, divination no violation reported. Gui Mei invited to the final, salty Yao Association trillion. Concentric pitch, preparations to establish a road. Hold your hand, and grow old. How this is also not the end to tell? Alas, Chi heart both illegal, filial love grams whole. Attentive soft grip, power fold prophecy. Love Hunters left, sadness tears Lian Lian. What is the heart, receive this sad series. Easy to change my life wither, Citylink brittle. Real said to accommodate, Zhuangxin is drunk. Letter beauty worthy meal, hunger is toward comfort. How soon, concentric Masterpieces? Alas sorrow upload! Joyce Fu Yi, women also Kershaw. Mining can pass play, chess succeed better. Percentage of the pro-motion, soft rayon song tune. Yuan hereby drum used by peddlers quality, Qi Qi Chuan Hua. Jade Qiu in one fell swoop, red armbands fly. Chi love the sky, thinking Seiun career. Forward Yan Yi, Hong luxury fiber tight. Secluded extreme poverty, Mo was minor blemishes. Sound by Yangchih trial, Xing sigh of musicians. Song played late, breaking biography Invitation to the Dance, Lee dial fast hands, Yin providers were birds. Tanning often tune, France moved degrees. Fan Jian stop state, Oi into a new moment. Seduction Lyric Writing, Tao tone perish world, loss of taste homogeneous sound, still hurt Conn. Homeland left sound, endure almost submerged fall. I verifying its beauty, its secret Yang Seoul. Extent of the remaining laws, re-Ya system. Feizi and who, honest I have class. This also will die, never die from ya. Alas! The hereby Shuo Mei, Yu Fang wind of this, things pass ya Yinsi, people with the same difficulty. Bringing style virtual museum, find the empty track. When grieving good, feel mesh memories. Xu Jing carved die, the amount of wind and embroidery. Yan Yan cross tone, then ocean color. Flower and butterfly chaos, Yuqing Cold Food. Poor access chariot Huan, is the feast is interest. Recommended with real peach, fear day flow void. Black Eagle late sheaths, sparse red lotus dance. Cigarette lighter Korea clothes, Xueying trimming. Fiber eyebrow Van months, buns Ling-feng. Series Sophie Seoul Yan, why extravagant from? Yin melancholy sound of cicadas, locust litter resentment. Four gas poor sadness and Crafts this autumn feast. My heart worry, things monensin chaos. Strings qing, Yan Seoul drunk hope. Love how they, song and style feast. Han Sheng Hui tent, Lan Xue Wu Tang. Twilight roll cage beads, gold furnace evening incense. Lierwodan, wan Seoul Chhnang. Yanyan night drinking, I forget what Seoul? In last year, Shu Huan Yi reward. Lack of time, the first pregnant despair discontented. How shocked, has been the domain of yesteryear? Alas! What that dead, flies Mi sparse. I think Shu son, Yong Nian still early. Love gone, my heart is destroyed, such as. Adams summers remorse, I Yu Zhu Ning? Alas! Everything mood, Feng Yan, if so. Except for days but months to overcast with rain. It is still, almost what people are? Quietly housing cage, what worthy of its place? Alas! Best in town, Mochizuki E hurt. Eyes apart, and see the mirror without waves. Insignificant look absolutely heart Ruzhi? Gray twilight tree, sadness destroy sight. Distinctly pre-Huan, caused a lot left. String and wind sound quiet, Qiluo Hong Yao. Want Danhulaoda, Huangyuehucui haggard. Alas! Come twilight age of the cloud, no seeing period. Come love dim chaos, because according to who! When Xi Xi's also true dimension, the heart of Victoria Come now better than Sri Lanka. Alas! Heartless god of fortune, grabbing resentment of Germany; neither Come take my son, and destroyed my room. Come wheels mirror what year, what day Xi Lan Xiang hit? Alas! Come gloom obscure day long, warm warm air from smoke Come worry. Xi Jiacheng closed Emei lonely, sad sad sleep actually only gas Xi Seoul. Alas! Come sun and the moon sometimes, turtle Achillea both promises, Xiao Jia Xi sad pharynx often cite the flag. Long Er a free ride to her story, Come, Come Kanaya Chiaki never master. Alas! Come citrate wooden cross wind Soso, birds flying wing with Ming Xi. Come what I'm hanging Guying sorrow, pain secretly pity Xi Promise. Alas! Come night http are feeling, how loud is not sad? Vladimir poor demand for Xi, the heart destroy destroy. No. He continued silent Xi, Xi God forever disappearing long-behaved. Alas! Yao Yao Xianghun, the vast sky step, wipe the blood ask coffin, invite the child what the? Gou Yun Road to the poor, Hebei teaser on alchemist! Alas! [Throne] on the table brought in The minister at various schools, non-real shame before. Since the glue Xiang, heart sparse fortune. Yu's father and brother were shade, sun and the moon to move about music. Promised think chase the remaining dust nest, far Mu Yi Qi Gao Yi. Pour both Ken sincere, appealed Xianjun, because non-function words, people who know. Following not only to par, sequential push to move. Ancestors gram that Xi Chen Yifang, both long and entropy, to serve national affairs department, suddenly easy to Love. And almost went temporarily Yu Zhang, eased Jianye, being vice-bit storage, the supervisor of the right to ask the. Fuke worthy of fear, often deep motivation. No small storm that suddenly a penalty, then blemish Zan Cheng. Because Guken Tang, not destroy nature. Then read Ancestors Jun Riverside table, hanging two decades, in the middle of traffic Juanqin, will release negative thinking. Robinson dead brother Prince from Hebei literature, from the Zen, has decided to sink the heart. The Sejong London to persuade both deep, Yee made because interest rates. And His Majesty the Emperor Ying significant memo, Mi Du Rui love, party oath sons, Yang reward Linzhao, the minister in off slipper to also invite bandit name. Who were both altar inside ancestral temple, dare forget load. But Kennedy Chen Jie, the Mukden towards. If you said a little easy early heart Noir Meng different ambitions, not only at non-compliance in the ancestral Thee, condemned by the gods as real. Creatures side of a country, ya covered Lai Tao nine days. Yoshihiro conditions Majesty Huairou, Xu Ren woman deep, clear light will leave more than Nang days. With far Dili, under the old Fu Pradesh, gram for dinner Ann, was from Conde. However, the concerns of those who, Wu Yue shabby neighborhood in the soil, the approximate depth of feud, still fear Noir to a border, or raw troubles. Chen Yan-steps from that, there is not first end illegal fishing, knot free blood in sacrifice too, scratching dry tassel Ñ. Still consider as clever four spring tongue, Yang Zhu's cast into doubt. Song structure heresy, sneak deception. Willing to back Kam candle, which was on the wrong. Chen Shu so far, have safety Ken.
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Li Yu (Southern Tang emperor) and his confidante weeks after the descendants keep a sharp mind the impression that he left us a lot of eclectic, tenderness, sorrow words. His words caused him an indelible really great, so the descendants of his evaluation, in addition to being a former monarch, also known as the "word of the emperor." But we need to know his success - success literature, can not be forgotten by his obsession with a woman - weeks later. Weeks later, the name E Wong, born in the year of 1936, a year older than the emperor. She described in literature and history, and indeed is a passionate and virtuous woman, because the ancient emperors, concubines thousand people mostly, rarely able to count on a whole souls who consorts, more rarely changes its not love, and performance in literature, can get a sentimental weeks after the emperor's pet, and so would love revealed in the literature, of course, she is a qualified Jiahui, a glamorous woman more than before. According to Lu, "Southern Tang" _set_: She is fluent in the history books, good temperament, especially workers lute. Yuan Zong (emperor father) reward their art, thanks to Jiao Tong lute. Emperor as read Jiashan, after also for invited Zuiwu. Two had re Colourful Plumage, Tang vibe song in most Okuma, emperor of obtaining spectra alone, and after the change are easy to correct absurd, quite to depression, past numerous hand new, clear and audible. She often played tune emperor's words, the emperor was very praise, which is the driving force behind the emperor lyrics. Li Yu's early work "huanxi yarn": red date through thirty feet high, gold furnace sequential Tim beast, red brocade with lichens step wrinkle. Girl Dance point nobile slip, twist flower smelling liquor evil, do not throw the house smell flute playing drums. Weeks after the emotional obsession, eclectic palace circumstances, all asked to write out. Please read his "Gok Pearl": Xiao makeup too early, Shen Tan these children a light note to the person twilight lilac stars, a Qing Song, temporarily breaking cited cherries. Luo Xiu Yi Yin residual color can be. Cup dark dirty spin mash is fragrant, with delicate embroidered bed diagonally without it, rotten to the Tan Lang chew spit Red Velvet laugh. This Xianggui romance, children, tenderness, really naked written out. "Rotten chewing Red Velvet, laughing to Tan Lang spit" and more brilliant, how delicate children pose to modern eyes to see, of course, is not surprising, however, thousands of years ago in feudal society, it's a strange enough. Passionate weeks after the emperor's words touched the pen, pen emperor's words, describes the passionate week to pay tribute to the eternal, literature is a product of the environment, the emotional exchange, where exactly been confirmed. Life did not always leave the feast, unfortunate things happen to always have the most fun people around the day. When the emperor that year, twenty-eight, weeks after sick. Day and night, as the emperor of food, medicine does not enter non-tasted, clothing puzzled with those tired evening, such as paternity parents crazy. However, weeks later, eventually blew away the autumn, at which time, the emperor Aiku thin as a skeleton, and then from the stick, and as his funeral Kaobi and will Toujing to martyrdom, Lai's rescue was free. Homemade eulogy thousands of words and words are all very sour. For the emperor, the really big misfortune, and later she was buried Yi Ling, posthumous Zhao Hui, from the following words, you can see the emperor was feeling. Consider the following song: broken front bead Jane, Huadiao world outside the spring, not off my heart to hate, and loss of body hands. Jade trunk still residual drug Xianglian has stained dust. The sense of grief after the former, no tears can be stained towel. Brilliant quality with Yoshiki, floating dangerous road Luetong. Being sad spring implementation, and Ku Yu plexus injury. Calendula Korea today? Homelessness thing is empty. Dark place without asking, golden Xie Dongfeng. Poem expressing deep and sincere affection for weeks after the emperor and the throes of deep feelings of sorrow. Since the emperor lost his wife, this pain, this stimulus has been deeply planted in the depths of his soul bottom, gentle intoxicated him from a big country, dragged sad miserable realm in years, so his words from "rotten chewing Red Velvet" and into "lean on the railing for whom and tears", "autumn night long ...... who do nothing more than" a miserable tone, broken home country after death, but give him a lot of word material. Weeks after the former emperor can do word eclectic, but also affect the emperor's death made sad mournful words, this feat is posterity should be grateful to her. Scholars and beauty since ancient times, is the knot puzzled edge; how many great literary works are based on the theme of vanilla beauty, as the background. "Dream of Red Mansions" in the "Twelve Beauties" and "Jinling twelve hairpin" is peerless beauty. Weeks after the death of Li Yu married a week after the little girl after week for the Queen. Indeed, the beauty of magic, enough to induction literati mind, leaving the blood and tears of literature to write. Emperor emperor would not do, but inadvertently did word of the Emperor, was later emperors were respected at all on the strength Who says this is not the week after it? Mother Li Yu Bin subterranean palace. According to legend the first man to woman with bound feet. Tao Zongyi "cease cultivation recorded bound feet" primer "Road Mountain News":. "Gong Li Yu Bin subterranean mother, good dance emperor Qian Li as lotus, six feet high ...... your mother to make subterranean silk around the foot, so tiny, for the crescent-shaped bend, plain socks dancing cloud swing states have Lingyun. "
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Part poetry appreciation
"REUNION" Silent alone on the West, on like a hook, lock clear autumn lonely Shen Yuan Indus. Cut, and chaotic, is sadness, not a general feeling among us. Some people say that in our history, if less like an emperor Li Yu so that people might not be too concerned about, but if fewer people like Li Yu such a word would probably be left to posterity some regrets. This remark seems that it is reasonable. Southern Tang emperor Li Yu is the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, as far as the words are too during his reign, especially after the subjugation of the word for quite painful, deep and Qice moving, if put aside ideological content, only artistic skills, the Most word for word has reached the highest level, especially Xiaoling. This is the first "REUNION" aka "Wu Yeti" readme Qiu Ju is his life, and describe the sadness of the masterpiece. This word poorly scenery, showings lyrical, scenes, moving. The first sentence of "Silent alone on the West," seemingly dull, implication is extremely rich. "Silent" is not really silent, from an "independent" character can be seen, is no common words. Gordon, "The West Wing", the poet can look East homeland. Only the sixth, all of a sudden concise outline hero Qiwan, miserable demeanor. Then "like a hook, lonely Shen Yuan Indus lock clear autumn", under the shadow of the moonlight lonely Indus prominent cold environment, with "deep" word used to be extremely accurate, extremely popular, described as Whole State. Poorly written a total of four 18-character content, that person, place, time, season, albeit sparse pens, but it is a very beautiful picture, and the background is extremely broad reading of the people as its proximity to territory, as Wang Guowei "Human Words" words: "All words are Emotion King." showings specific written sadness, is the word's will, and also the most profound poem written in place. "Helpless and chaotic, is sadness," like rough, the whole chapter to a climax. Sadness itself is an abstract thinking mood, it can feel, but invisible, intangible, to make specific description of its own, is indeed very difficult. However, in the poem, the poet concrete sense by analogy to make it, but the expression was so appropriate, natural, and even become famous through the ages. "Do not be a general feeling among us" and uses a metaphor to write another realm of sadness that people feel it's specific. This feeling is indescribable, I do not know what it is, both can not be summed up with the sour, sweet, bitter, spicy taste like, nor can any one specific thing taste to match, only be felt, not explain in words, so can only be called "Do not be the general taste," that word Jiaxuan called "Unspoken" bitter experience of deep visible poet, Melancholy of. "REUNION" widely circulated. All words mere thirty six words, almost the same quatrain, but in this short length, the poet of melancholy sadness confused people who write very deep wound, sad, lonely, lonely feelings bare to life, touching deep, the reader whom cried: Wu Ting wind back yard green. Liu Chun continued with the eye. Pinglan half day alone speechless. Bamboo Crescent still sound, like that year. "Occidentalis two." How much hate, My Dream Last Night, also like the old amusement Court, vehicles such as water Ma Ju-lung, spent months being spring. How many tears, broken face complex cross-yi. Mo and tears mind will say, when Feng Sheng tears to blow off, heartbroken more doubt. The first two words are after the Song emperor into the chase for the love of the homeland. LiYu pen, effortless, with only a handful of five sentences, write human tragedy in the past, today's bleak Emori Anti care. With his highly artistic skills, to relive the dream of a cavity Beihen, but the real show was explicit and implicit, shallow and deep-induced. Suddenly "Endless Love" brought from the whole chapter, thrilling. Beihen the original source from a dream last night, in a dream to reproduce the old downtown heyday, so wake up after Li Yu exceptionally painful, and even hate endless. Then play Regency, Joseph Fung Yu driving, XiangCheBaoMa, followers lined up, ladies clouds, "vehicles such as water Ma Ju-lung," an, Xi Yong idiom, totally natural. After Li Yu, Song pleiotropic such skills. "Occidentalis" second song "How many tears off the face of the complex cross-yi." This aspect was sounded tears, hard to break hard to stop. After the emperor to Song, who gave Jinling Palazzo Vecchio with the letter, said: "Herein Rixi, only tears wash." With a poem confirms, visible reality. Li Yu This is the first small words, tears from beginning to end heartbroken, he expressed the captives extreme sorrow, hate mood. "Poppy" (The prospect) Chunhuaqiuyue when the living memories. Fashion goes in cycles east, painful month in the homeland. Diaolan jade puzzle to be still in force is changed. Memories can be misery, like a river flows to the east. This is the last one of Li Yu recollections homeland masterpiece, the author vivid metaphor, questioning tone, feelings of grief, shock dang style, put pen wail, write to make the last emperor of sorrow. Grief pitched tunes on the tie, the only writer experienced a major disaster, refining generous to study scold life, writing has such depth and intensity of Ci, sad burden of humanity's great spirit. Under the tie is using a writing technique, "brow" dark depiction leopard can not change, "change" word points out the whole word Theme: is the root Beihen's. Finally, think of the words to the people of the country is difficult to explain, the sad loss of the country, the subjugation of hate all into a "melancholy" in the word. "Memories can be misery, like a river flows to the east." Zhennai eternal farewell. Wang Guowei said: "I love Nietzsche that all literature written in blood by word emperor, the book turns to blood also.." Huang Sheng Song "flower Um Ci", said: "This word most Qiwan, called 'subjugation of the sound sad to think'." Is also. "Fisherman": intentional thousand snow spray, a team of peaches and plums silent spring. Jug of wine, a pole-lun, a few people in the world such as Lennon? Not seeking eminence in the world, the eternal immortality; but to be spared, temperament and for the! As Li Yu said, he was not advocating the use of force and war, but a warm spring rain, Luo Xu pian poetic life. "Fisherman" and: a spring leaf boat oar, a wisp of a light lun cocoon hook. For full flower, full cup of wine, ten thousand ares wave free. Li Yu often boasted "hermit", the two first Fisherman reflects his desire and intoxicated, "a jug of wine, a pole-lun, a few people in the world such as Lennon," the hermit life and "flower full Nagisa, wine cup in full , boundless expanse of waves have the kind of freedom, "the fun! "Waves" (Lianwai rain gurgling) Lianwai rain gurgling, spring sometime, Luo quilt just before dawn cold intolerance. Never Dreamed I was off, a noon greedy joy. Mo alone, lean on a railing, infinite landscape, do not easily see the time is difficult. Water is lost also, heaven on earth. This word poorly with flashback, Lianwai rain, cold just before dawn, a dream funeral; forget the identity of a noon greedy joy, is a dream thing. Gurgling bursts of rain and chill, awakened Canmeng so lyrical hero back to the bleak situation in real life in the past. After the dream, dream, in fact, than the past and present. Showings sentence "Mo alone lean on a railing" and "Mo" word, there are two kinds of reading and Entering Falling (twilight) method. As "Mo lean on a railing," is due to lean on a railing and see the homeland country, will cause an infinite sadness, as "twilight lean on a railing," Vision is late distant country deeply, "do not easily see the time is difficult." Two said can pass. "Water is lost also," and poorly "spring-hearted" echoes, but also a metaphor for sinking, dying. "Heaven and earth" sentence, quite a confused, different opinions. In fact, a phrase from the Bai "Everlasting Regret":. "But teach heart like gold-tin Kennedy, heaven and earth will meet", "heaven on earth", this is an exclusive term, heaven and earth are not tied. Li Yu used here, refers to their final destination like. LiYu mostly four or five cross Xiaoling, less tune short word, then Conceiving highly, send generous deep, there is no degree of artistic generalization force is not.
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Li Yu Chronology
Two years after Jin Tianfu Tang Sheng Yuan Dynasty (AD 937) 1 year old July 7, Li Yusheng. After the first year of the Southern Tang Bao Dai Zhou Xiande years (AD 954 years) 18 years Married Ehuang Zhou Xiande five years after the first year of the Southern Tang ZTE (AD 958) 22 years Health eldest son Chung apartment Zhou Xiande after six years (AD 959 years) 23 years September Prince Hongyi Cu, Li Yu Zheng Wang Xifeng from king Northern Song Jianlong years (AD 961 years) 25 years In February, as the crown prince. In July, following the Jinling is located. Statue of His Holiness the Bell's mother, Li Ehuang Queen. Emissary table as Song Chen attack position. This was the second son of Zhong Xuansheng. Northern Song Jianlong three years (AD 962 years) 26 years March emissary went to Song tribute. In June, emissary went to Song tribute. In November, emissary went to Song tribute. Conduit Northern Song Dynasty (AD 963) 27 years In March, Song Ping Jingnan, give a bonus emissary division. November, Song reign title. Conduit years the Northern Song Dynasty (AD 964) 28 years In March, the beginning of the line iron money. XI, second son Zhongxuan Cu. In November, the Queen Ehuang soldier, pro essays <Chao Hui weeks after the eulogy> Conduit Northern Song Dynasty years (AD 965 years) 29 years Month, after the funeral Chao Hui Yi Ling. In April, Song Mieshu. Tribute silver silk millions. In September, after the mother of His Holiness Bell's death. Northern Song Conduit four years (AD 966 years) 30 years old Feng Zhao Kuangyin life, something about South Han Sung Ju, unsuccessfully. Cutting South Han Sung began resolution. Song Kai Bao Dynasty (AD 968 years) 32 years Southern Tang Taiji. June, sent brother went from Him Song tribute. In November, after marrying Xiao Zhou side by side for the Queen. Song Kai Bao years (AD 969 years) 33 years Qinglongshan school hunting, Prisoners supreme court, Zhu Jun Purdue monks and nuns Song Kai Bao four years (AD 971 years) 35 years Brother sent from Him into the song, tribute treasures several times before. October, sent into the Song tribute from the good brother. Above table, please go to Southern Tang number, printed text to Jiangnan Guo, claiming Jiangnan State primary. Song Kai Bao five years (AD 972 years) 36 years Month, derogatory instrument system, changed Chao to teach, see Song Yi purple robe. Run in February, leaving Song from good to Taining military Jiedushi. Rhenish Museum was built in Kaifeng, pending Li Yu drop. Song Kai Bao seven years (AD 973 years) 37 years Jazz on the table ready to order by Song, Song allowed. Kill champion Lin Renzhao. Song Kai Bao seven years (AD 974 years) 38 years Song on the table, find the good from returning, Song allowed. Emissary Chao Li Yu entry into, no, then cutting the Southern Tang. Song Kai Bao eight years (AD 975 years) 39 years In June, Song and Wu Yuebing Wai Jinling. Kuangyin encyclical drop. November 27, city break. Li Yu rates and Guanzhu four children drop out. Northward Kaifeng, Southern Tang death. Northern Song Taiping Xingguo reign (AD 976) 40-year-old Month, a glimpse of the generals and right guard KN, Hou disobedience In November, Jin Feng Longxi public. Northern Song Taiping Xingguo three years (AD 978 years) 42 years July 7, was poisoned Zhao Guangyi. Bestowed king. In October, buried in North Mang Shan Wang Xiao also died this week, the same burial in Li Yu. Before the Lord, after Lee Ji-Patent, the throne was renamed Li Lei Master, Li Jing Tong, Li Jing was renamed after the throne Emperor, Li Jia, Li Yu was renamed after the throne
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Li Yu major research literature and biography
"Southern Tang two main word" Zhen Sun "Mohua Lent the" Spring Lu Yuan "Ten famous word _set_" Houwen Can "Southern Tang two main word analysis release" FU Zheng Gu, Wong Pui Lam, "the Southern Tang two main word poetry anthology Annotation" contains Liu Hsiao, "Li Jing Li Yu The word "Zhan Antai" Southern Tang emperor Li Words "Xie Ya" Southern Tang Jian two main word "Liu added," Su Hong Bao series "Jinwu Xiang Lu Ma order" Southern Tang book "Tian Jujian" Li Yu Chuan "" Old Five Dynasties "
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Lecture · Li Yu
百家讲坛·李煜
Lecture series of Li Yu (Lecture: From July 18, 2008 broadcast channels: CCTV-10 Broadcast time: 12:45) Speaker Profile: Zhao Xiaolan, female, postdoctoral literature, Hunan Normal University professor, doctoral tutor, ancient literature academic leaders; Chinese Song Dynasty Literature Society Association, Chinese Ci Research Association. Long been engaged in Chinese classical literature especially the Tang and Song poetry teaching and research work, has published scholarly monograph "Song Jiang Kui and culture", "scholar heard more than one" (co-author), editor of "Chinese classical literature research." He has published many papers on the "literature review", "literary heritage", "Literary Studies" and other national authoritative publications on a variety of national core journals published academic papers. In eight five national key projects "handed down books · strong village series" finishing in either first deputy editor, and participate in "Full Tang", "Song, then the whole series", "Ming Poetry whole series" and many other large Ancient Books and "History of Ancient Chinese Literary criticism" of writing work. Now independent National Social Science Fund Project "ji Cultural Perspective," the research task. Which served as a teaching undergraduate and graduate courses, has been well received numerous awards. Introduction: As a distinguished poet Li Yu, achievements in literature universally acknowledged. But as the Southern Tang emperor Li Yu, he was able to board the pinnacle of power, but is purely an accident. Following the death of the father of the child in the ancient home of the world, was born in the imperial family will have a possibility to inherit the throne, but the prince from Peggy Lee inadvertent participation in power not only compete, and even heart proactively retreat. This attitude of the powers he treats his family with two important figures are closely related. So who are these two characters do? Exactly how they affect Li Yu's life choices it? In feudal times, often fratricidal fight for the throne, bloody, however, the establishment of the Southern Tang Prince was placid, as the eldest son of Li Hong Ji, and built a military exploits, really doing my part. But the suspicion is very welcomed by the Prince himself aloof, longing hermit living brother Li Yu, indeed a bit strange. So why Li Hong Ji suspicion his younger brother? Li Jihong was so jealous his brother, precisely because Li Yu's "face" just met the legendary "imperial phase." In ancient Chinese society, culture and society due to many factors, people think all kinds of strange looks, folk or dreams, contain "destiny" mysterious hint, so awe. It seems that in our modern, of course, is not reliable superstitious thinking, but analysts believe that Professor Zhao Xiaolan, Li Hong Ji superstition based on their own brother such suspicion is justified, then it's the truth is in the wrong? Lee was from Kerry, which is later Li Yu, taken in the face of his brother's suspicion of "untouchables avoid them since" approach, put themselves into the artistic and natural being. For him, this factor although there is no choice but a refuge, but the actual result is to obtain a vast spiritual home, in which he was a real joy and freedom. However, so he did not imagine that such a hermit-like romantic life is about because a pile and put an end to the brutal murder of the court, his life has undergone major changes in this regard, completely deviated from the _set_ of his own road. So, how awful palace massacre is all about? Related videos: http://you.video.vnet.cn/a/1968340.html
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Related evaluation
Southern Tang Guo mill Zayong I think the most ignorant ignorant grief, I returned more heartbroken quarter. Only people really make a peerless, Poor wretched as king. Wang Guowei said: "温飞卿 of words, sentences show it; Wei end our own words, the show also bone; words of Lee Chung-kwong, Shenxiu too." And added: "The word began to Li Yu and big eyes, then deep emotion, then change the words of the actors and for the scholar's work week referral kept brushed warm words, under Wei, indeed reversing black and white men.." This last one but for alms in the "medium term mingled on deposit vegetarian" in the Road: "Wang Qiang, beauty, and the world is also U.S. woman, Yan Jia makeup, makeup is also good, thick clothing messy head does not cover national colors. Fei Qing, Yan makeup; client himself, makeup too; emperor, the chaos head coarse clothes carry. ". Wang believes that this assessment is the Yang Wen, Wei, suppression emperor. The academics also view, intended to refer to Li Yu Zhou Ji inferior Tingyun expressions in terms of neat antithesis modified so Weizhuang, however, the word for a lively and fluency, the former is obviously more thriving, natural, "coarse clothing chaos head does not cover national color." Hu Ying-lin "Poetry Tau • Miscellaneous articles": Emperor mesh heavy pupil, Folk Song generation of mountains. Although Wen Wei Li algae cover, but rather hurt promote gas, meaning victorious speech. Thus the king party is when the line writer, clear it reverberates, words of king, Bangladesh. Shizhen "trap State Hermit term assessment": Flowers still hurt promote crushed to Southern Tang Miao-Li Wang and his son and carry on. Shen Qian (Xu Qiu "word Yuan Cong Tan" quotation): Men in Li Yu, Li Yian Girls, when the line is very qualities. Shen Qian (Chenxiong "Ancient Words • Words" on the volume quotation): Neglect of the rule of the emperor, in the words of the king of the south still losing. Sleep Zhanglang, Song Book, straight Ya officer ears. Nalanxingde "The Miscellaneous" volume: Words such as between ancient jade flower, precious and not applicable; Song applicable, and less quality heavy. Li Yu both its beauty, but also the cause blurred Rao smoke water. Yu Huai "Yuqin word Lent • order": Lee Chung-kwong Libertine, misuse Zuoren Lord, to pull hate to Song machine. Made its word, the word of a bead, not his family can and also. Qi Zhou's "word comment": I also said that Shigemitsu Teana, Kongfei humanly. Zhou Ji "referral kept fast on the word mingled": Li Yu words such as raw colt, uncontrolled catch. Mao Qiang Xi Shi, the world U.S. woman also. Yan Jia makeup, makeup is also good, thick clothing messy head, does not cover national colors. Fei Qing, Yan makeup; client himself, makeup also; emperor of the coarse clothing chaos head men. Chen Tingzhuo "Baiyuzai Words": Emperor term thinking Qiwan, word games character, less fly thick Qing, the Qing generation from bovine cancellous victory. (Volume I) I Changwei, as the emperor of the Qing Fei, together and away from those who are; side, as our own fly Qing, from which together also. (Volume I) Li Yu, Yan tert original, none of the words CKS sound, but nobody does not love his word, with its love Katsuya. And as the word love victorious, though ya do not rhyme, mention touching. (Juan Qi) Feng Xu, "Song Ci • sixty-one introductory remarks": Words to the Southern Tang, two main work on, and in the middle, the micro-Yi made a very, Deweizengyou. Early Song Zhu Jia, Mibu Zushu two masters, charter middle of the book 欧唐 Xue Chu analogy of it, all the Yi Shao. Peng Yun "Bantang elderly severance draft": Lianfeng Lay (emperor alias) word, free and natural preposterous, false spirit in the bone. Orchid Valley, not enough than its youth; Sheng crane Yao days, nothing was able to clear party hereby complain? Rising star among style artistically, or month to give eleven in one thousand. If small Yan, if emblem Temple, its end for Scots. Dating Nanliu, heir tone deserted course, cover gas between the bell to the predicate of the emperor, deserved color carry on. Wang Guowei "Human Words": Words to Li Yu, and the beginning of the big vision, then deep emotion, then change the words of the actors and for the work of the scholar's words. Chou Chieh Wen Wei brushed under deposit, indeed reversing black and white men. Poet who lose their innocence of a child also. It was born in the palace among the longer a woman's hand, was emperor for the ruler of the weaknesses, namely as director of the poet. Subjective poet, do not have to see the world, see the world more shallow, the more the true nature, Li Yu is also. Nietzsche said that all the text, I love those books with the word blood, emperor of the, so-called blood for books also. Song Daojun Emperor "Yanshan Ting" word, but also a little like the. Ran Tao Jun, but a sense of life experience from the road, the emperor of the Yan has Buddha, Christ, meaning bear Dutch human sin, which carry different size solid. Word of the Tang Dynasty, saying no papers; Song masters of the word, there is no sentence papers. There are articles saying, only for Li Yu's and Uncle John, less travel, the United States into, Cassino few people only.
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Teacher Li Yu
2001 Sichuan Academy of Fashion Design graduate, bachelor's degree. Guangxi College of Art graduate school of Chinese painting, Beijing Institute of Clothing type version graduating senior class. Adult Education College of Guangxi College of Art and Young Workers Party branch committee member of the organization, branch secretary, clothing and image design professional teachers, mainly engaged in garment technology and production, creative hairstyles, colors, decorative painting and other professional education, in-depth version of the type of clothing Research. Works won the "Second International Fashion Culture Festival Silver Design Innovation", co-author of "Fast standard clothing for three months," a book.
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南唐国君李煜
The September Prince Hongyi Cu, Li Yu 'self-Zheng Wang Xifeng king
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Wikipedia Encyclopedia
Li Yu Li Yu Five Dynasties people. Southern Tang monarch. Shigemitsu words, the beginning from Kerry. Xuzhou (this is of Jiangsu) people say Huzhou (now Zhejiang). Southern Tang master Li □ sixth son. Buildups years (961) to the throne, known as the emperor. The age of 38, Song Shi long drive across the river, forcing the circumference of Nanking, next year the city fell down Song, captured to Bianjing, called on the right kN guard generals, Hou disobedience. After Taizong Zhao Guangyi poisoned. In the latter part of the Southern Tang master had to concede defeat in the Song. When Li Yu reign, things have been subservient Song, at the age of contribution, the government possession of whom exhaustive. But he does not think cheer, flashy luxury, superstition Buddhism, and finally destroyed by Song. He is politically incompetent emperor Yong dull, but with a wide range of artistic talent, calligraphy, painting good, fluent melody, poetry, literature has certain skills, particularly high achievement of the word. Li Yu ink Li Yu's words, can be divided into two periods, in order to open the treasure brought in eight (975) as he was descending Song boundaries. Early word has demonstrated his extraordinary talent and excellent skills, but the subject matter is narrow, mainly reflecting the court life and love between men and women, such as [Yu Louchun] "Evening at the beginning of the Ming muscle snow," Orioles] [XiQian "Xiao May fall "," cloud microphysical places, "[a] Gok beads" too early evening makeup, "[Pusa]" flower moon dark mist fly ", etc.; parting Acacia also has written works such as [Qingping Le]" Do not come in spring half ", etc., lyrical blend into one, relatively healthy readable. A later stage, the little emperor Li Yu become a prisoner. Humiliation of life, the subjugation of deep pain, recollection of the past, "there is a world sooner or tears wash only" (King □ "memorization"), so that the word of his accomplishments greatly exceeded the previous. [Po Zhenzi] "Four years home country" reflects his life experience with the word style twist. "Poppy", "The prospect," [Waves] "Lianwai rain gurgling"] [Wu Yeti "Lin Chun-Hua Xie," "Silent alone on the West" and so is his late masterpiece, mainly describe themselves railing afar, dream return to the scene, expressed his "homeland", "past" infinite nostalgia, knowingly or never express the emotion and the heart eventually die, reached a high artistic realm. Li Yu's words, since the late Tang Dynasty between Tingyun inherited, such as flowers Weizhuang word tradition, but also by the impact of Li □, Feng Yansi etc., will be the creation of the word is a big step forward. The main achievements in: ① expanded the field performance of the word. Before Li Yu, the main word in erotic content shallow, even if ignited little arms, also mostly used Bixing tactics remain hidden. The majority of the works LiYu is straight from the heart, a sense of life experience to pour home country, the situation really loved language. So Wang Guowei said: "The word began to Li Yu and big eyes, then deep emotion, then change the word Ling's work and for the literati of the word." ("Human Words") ② has high generality. Li Yu's words, often through specific sense of individuality to reflect the image of a state with a general sense of real life. "Fashion goes in cycles east, my country next month in painful" ([Poppy]), "water is lost also, heaven and earth" ([Waves]), "Individuality life Regret water long East" ( [Wu Yeti]), "Lihen just as spring grass, but the line farther still life" ([Qingping Le]) and so famous, wrote a profound and vivid feeling of joys and sorrows of life, causing many readers resonate with future generations. ③ natural language, refined yet expressive. His words do not Loujin wrong color, and literary talent moving; do not faint their word, but touching and meaningful; formation of both fresh and flowing and Wanqu caused deep artistic features. ④ originality in style. "Flowers Collection" and the Southern Tang word euphemism Miri generally known, and Li Yu is out of order sparse dang. If [Yu Louchun] of "ho dang"] [Wu Yeti's "Ruran large," [Waves]'s "magnificent Resentment, and two were male" (see Tan Ju Xian "Complex Hall Words") , [Poppy] natural and unrestrained, "such as raw foal uncontrolled catch" (alms "referral kept fast on the word mingled"), both hard and soft beauty, as indeed is different from the general graceful, in the late Tang Five Dynasties in a unique identity. As Nalanxingde said: "Inter flower words, such as ancient jade, precious not apply, Song applicable and less heavy, Li Yu both its beauty, Rao blur of smoke caused by the water." ("Lu water ting to say ") Li Yu poetry, literature, words and books, paintings Grant Thornton, said he had his old veterans, "Collected Works", Volume 30, and "miscellaneous said" one hundred. "Jun Zhai reading" contains "Li Yu _set_" Volume 10, "History of the Song Dynasty History" also contains "Southern Tang emperor Li _set_" 10 volumes, were lost. "Direct vegetarian Booklist problem solving" contained "Southern Tang two main word" Volume 1, is now able to see the Ming Wanli forty-eight years (1620) of the ink Chinese vegetarian recorded LiYu 34, where "occidentalis" one can divided into two. After the Qing Dynasty and recorded a 邵长光, modern Wang Guowei as "Southern Tang two main word" addendum, an increase of 9, but which seems to have a lot of problems. In the opinion of the majority of modern scholars, the word can be identified as Li Yu, but 32. Annotations its word Qing Liu increasing the "Southern Tang Jian two main word" neighbor Don Guizhang "Southern Tang Jian two main vocabulary," Wang Wen's "Southern Tang two main word revision" and so on. Zhan Antai's "Lee □ LiYu," notes quite detailed. See story "New History of the Five," "Song" and Ma orders, Lu two "Southern Tang", the people of summer Chengtao "Southern Tang two main Chronicle." (Wan Yun Chun)
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English Expression
n.: Li Yu
Thesaurus
see the light once more, (a surname) The last emperor of a dynasty
Related Phrases
reign
poetry of the Song Dynasty (characterized by lines of irregular length)
