Rise and Unity Jinchao Huang family's source of Sima Hanoi, in the generation of official Wei era. If the Secretary Malang, Sima Yi and Sima Fu and other brothers and a total of eight people, when called the "Octopus." Sima Yi in which only a political and military strategy, the Northern Expedition of Shu Han in the Wei and put down late against Liaodong, Wei became a minister of state. 239 years Weiming Di's death, Sima Yi and Cao Shuang by the left common Colonial, but Cao Shuang Sima Yi was elevated. Incident occurred in 249 high-Ping Ling, Sima Yi regain political power, thus Sima began dictatorship. In the Sima Yi's death, his son Sima Zhao Sima division and the gradual consolidation forces Sima. This occurred three times during the separatist war, civil strife and serious, known as Huainan three rebels, are to be put down, and Antonio's gradually master the ruling power. 263 Sima Zhao illustrious military exploit in order to establish a unified China, the end of the China division, life will be Chung, Deng Ai and his troops attacked Shu Zhuge Xu, Shu Wei Jiang stopping the enemy on the jiange Lord. Finally, Deng Ai by the IA runs through Fucheng, advancing Chengdu. Liu Shan, see the hopeless situation and surrender, Shu destruction, known as Wei Mieshu war. And after the bell, Jiang Wei intended to mutiny, but was immediately put down Sima Zhao. Weili Guo will be on behalf of Sima Zhao Shengli, but soon died. Following his son Sima Yan usurped the throne 265 years after establishment, Wei perish. Sima Yan established the Jin dynasty, is Emperor Wu, capital of Luoyang, known as the Western. Internal and external problems After the interference in domestic affairs and Jia Eight Princes In order to remove the 303 stationed in Chengdu Wang Ying Wang Yi in Changsha, the capital of the United Wang Yong led his army against Hejian Luoyang, Changsha, Wang Yi in but was repeatedly defeated. Luoyang City in early 304 food shortages, the East China Sea collusion Jinjun Wang escapement Sima Yue Wang Yi in Changsha, open the city to surrender. He Jian Wang Yi in Changsha are generals Zhang Fang Wang Yong death with fire, forcing Emperor Hui Ying Li, Chengdu Huang Tai brother that it is, as Taizai Hejian Wang Yong, Wang Yue as the East China Sea Book order. Chengdu Wangying Sheng Lee, the return after victory back to Ye, the political centers to China. Donghai Wang Yue, the parties then assembled troops, relying Emperor Hui Ying Chengdu crusade. Failed, King Hui captured more fled the king closed the East China Sea East China Sea (now Shandong Tancheng North), Hejian generals Zhang Fang Wang Yong occupied Luoyang. Wang Yue, but soon the East China Sea and the provincial governor EGL own younger brother Maarten and quiet provincial governor Wang Jun companies combined alien Wuhuan, Jie Ying Zhu Chengdu and other forces defeated. King Hui Ying rely fled Luoyang Chengdu, seeking refuge with Guanzhong and Wang Yong Hejian Luoyang, Chengdu, Wang Ying was the final abolition of the Legislative Reform Hejian Sima Wang Yong Huang Tai Chi as a brother. 305 Wang Yue in Shandong in East China Sea once again raised an army, to attack off the West. Wang Yue scored 306 Changan East China Sea. He Jian Wang Ying Yong and Chengdu, defeated, and finally have been killed. East China Sea Emperor Hui Wang Yue Ying also Luoyang, then King Hui was poisoned, Yuzhang Wang Sima Chi to the throne, is to Jinhuai Di, Sima Yue Wang from the dictatorship of the East China Sea. Eight Princes to this end. Five random China Five alien random distribution in northern China before, when the alien has the Huns, Jie, Xianbei, Di, Qiang and Lu, Hu, Wuhuan, Palestinians and the Goguryeo people. During the Eight Princes Sima's influence at the local Dayton reduction, local forces have continued to expand gradually alien rebellion, Zhao has become independent of the former Han. Dizu Li Xiong in Yizhou gradually as large, at 304 kings, two years later became the emperor, the country into, known as Han. 304 Division Ma Ying Wang Jun was besieged, sent the Huns and the state leaders Liu Yuan send troops back support, Liu Yuan took the opportunity to declare independence. Liu Yuan emperor 308 years, the country of Han, Zhao said after the former. Li Xiong and Liu Yuan's independence, opening Wuhu Sixteen States Period. Jinshi in the Eight Princes facing a fall of an empire after the crisis. Liu Yuan in order to expand the territory, Qian Zi Cong predatory Luoyang, general Shi Le and Wang Mi Kanto predatory states. Liu Yuan died in 310, Liu Cong killed and proclaimed himself the new emperor emperor. In the same year, Schleswig by Wancheng, Yangyang, looting Jianghan area, back north the following year. Kanto there were locusts, Luoyang, food shortages, the more rate of Sima and Zhujiang East Sydney North Korea to discuss Schleswig, abandoned pregnant emperor in Luoyang. 311 more years of the conflict and Si Jin Huaidi outbreak Mi Zhao Xun Xi cutting it, then the death of Sima Yue, Wang Yan Feng bury his troops. When he suffered the county line to the east (today Luyi County), the Schleswig been attacked by carcass to make the elite killed Jin, minister of state was killed after falling. Luoyang empty at this time, Liu Cong, Wang Mi, and Schleswig and soldiers break down the remaining thirty thousand people were killed by government officials, abducted Jinhuai Di, known as the "scourge of Yongjia." 313 Jinhuai Di was killed in the long Anji Li Jin Min Di throne, Cong Liu Yao continued to attack the camp. 316 Min Jin Emperor to surrender, the last humiliation was killed, bringing the death of the Western Jin Dynasty. Then, one after another in the north of all nation-building, known as the "Wuhu Sixteen States." After the death of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Jin dynasty in the north there are three areas loyal to that and upstate Liu Kun, You state in paragraph piece Midi, Liang Zhou Zhang Shi. However, Liu Kun and the state Schleswig was first defeated, seek refuge with You state match Midi section. Section of the Order of Eastern horses will Midi is Feng Kun were killed after the section of Schleswig horse Midi was defeated. Finally, Zhang Shi Liangzhou after the death of his brother Mao-Zhao Liu Yao forward to concede defeat. So far all the forces of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in northern China killed.
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Eastern History
Jinshi crossed and civil strife Northern Expedition and the seizure of power After the establishment of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, south of Jin common hope to launch the Northern Expedition, the fall in the north to recover their homes. However, as has been housing southern aristocratic family, rich in as_set_s, making the South the North's willingness to return is not high. The court worried that ambitious to expand its influence, such as merit can get people's minds, the purpose of reaching the throne, so I do not support large-scale Northern Expedition. When Jin Mudi 346, Huan Wen crusade into the Han (Han Cheng Shou-throne in 338 years, changing the country for the Chinese), to discuss next year off. Huan Wen reputation in the earthquake, clans Envy, contend the ruling of the Secretary Mayu cited YIN Hao. 349 dead in stone tiger, Jin Ting Chu take out the Northern Expedition faction, failed. Huan Wen has long hoped that the Northern Expedition, Jin Ting allowed to be replaced by YIN Hao responsible for the Northern Expedition. 352 years of combined Qiang YIN Hao Xiang Yao, the Northern Expedition to Former Qin, Fu Jian was defeated. YIN Hao again the following year the Northern Expedition, was hit by Yao Xiang. 354 Jin Ting Huan Wen had to be replaced by his power to master the Northern Expedition. Huan Wen has launched three Northern Expedition, in February the same year, cutting the Former Qin, Fu Jian due tactics and defeat the invading Jin mining, food shortages and the withdrawal of the last Huan Wen. 356, Huan Wen Yao-hsiang Henan crusade to defeat and recover of Luoyang, repair Ye Mausoleum. He suggested Qianduluoyang 358, but was done against the strike clans. Emperor Fei of Jin Jin Ai and wait until (the Division Mayi) have been for the Emperor, the Huan Wen had control of the court. Former Qin Former Yan at the north show the situation of two strong, Luoyang as the Former Yan occupation. Huan Wen in preparation for the throne, in 369 years of crusade against Former Yan. YAN Jun was defeated, Jin Fang entered the first (Henan Xun County near) and Yan will Murong Chui confrontation. Finally, lack of food retire Jin, Mu Rongchui led his army to kill, Jin defeated. Huan Wen Jin Dynasty in 371 Waste Division Mayi East Sea King, to change the Legislative Division Mayu as Emperor Jianwen. Emperor Chien died the following year, Jin Xiaowu Emperor to the throne, 373 Huan Wen requirements "Jiuxi", meaning there on behalf of Jin. Minister Xie, Wang admitted the delay in the matter, and soon Huan Wen died, the Eastern Jin Dynasty are preserved. 淝水 crisis Battle of the eve of the Former Qin emperor during the Eastern Jin Dynasty confrontation Figure Jinxiao Wu, Xie power, Huanchong Jingzhou provincial governor, defense Jingxiang areas; Xie Xuan Guangling town, and Xie defense Huainan region. In order to strengthen the central military, Xie Ren Liu incarceration for the staff, the recruitment of Huainan Jiangbei people, the establishment of the North government forces. After the war, Xie Local Military captaincy, for the Northern Expedition fragmented Former Qin. 384 years of life Xie Xuan Xie, Huan Shi Qian marched the Northern Expedition, Xie Xuan and others from Guangling north, to capture Juan City, Canton solid and other places, and the construction of Qingzhou sent (Water) to transport fodder. The campaign to recover, Shandong and Henan, the Yellow River to the south of the Territory Plan. Jingzhou army also successfully recovered in Sichuan, Yangyang area. Xie Xuan to the north, was hit forward of Liu Ye City prison. But the dictatorship of the imperial power of high Xie Secretary Ma Daozi taboo, North Korea proposed "to sign both a long labor, but also should _set_ Shu", so Xie Xuan Huaiyin back to town, and finally the Northern Expedition have lost. Clique of chaos and Huanxuan emperor Secretary Ma Daozi is the younger brother of Emperor Jin Xiaowu even trusted. After the Battle of the Secretary Madao Zi Xie An Xiexuan be excluded, and finally passed away, the court increasingly chaotic, North Wang Gong, etc. after the government troops commanded by a person. Huanchong after the death of Huan home later by Huanxuan leadership. 390 Jinxiao Wu Di Ma Daozi of dissatisfaction with the Secretary, then in order to Wang Xun, Wang Yaru Ting, outside the provincial governor to Yanzhou Gong-Ren, Yan Zhongkan any of the provincial governor of Jingzhou; Division Madao Zi Wang Xu also cited Wang Guobao and compete cronies from chaos. 396 Jinxiao Wu Di was killed elegant Zhang, Prince Edward, following legislation, as Jin Andi, very stupid. Kai Yu Gong-398 and Wang Guobao and lead the troops on the table the impeachment crusade, Yan Zhongkan remote assistance, Wu, also made public to support clans. Secretary Ma Daozi fear, but to kill Wang Guobao, Wang Sum. Secretary Ma Daozi after Sima still follow the recommendation, he served as provincial governor Jiang Wang Yu as foreign aid. Gong-Yin Zhongkan provincial governor the following year the United Jingzhou, Guangzhou, the provincial governor Huanxuan Jubing again. Secretary Ma Daozi life was his son Sima Yuan Wang Yu as the captaincy led his army against the same. Wang Yu was defeated, the coalition attack to the capital. Sima Yuan Liu prison was the defection to buy, Wang Gong defeated and killed. Yan Zhongkan and Huanxuan back to find that Yang, appointed by the Huanxuan chief, the last words and the two sides. Forces the court to divide Yanzhong Kan, Ren Huanxuan provincial governor Jiang, Yan Zhongkan Jingzhou provincial governor, the men of the Yong Quan Yang, provincial governor. Yin Yang on Huanxuan killed 399 persons, and its jurisdiction. Sima Yuan government troops were not worried about North reliable tenant sign Jiangdong Hao family to create a new army Man, called "Music is." This is while filling the "East soil Xiao Ran," triggering civil commotion, 399 Sunen mobilize people to fall Hueiji, known Sunen Rebellion. Sun Enshi Bong five Dou, Dou five clans and civilians faith seriously. 400 Sunen for expansion, Jiang Donghao five Dou family and have to respond, Jiangdong eight counties fully occupied. 401 Sun Enxun sea runs through Dantu, the capital shock. Liu Liu Yu Zhihai salt dispatching firm beat Sunen, Sunen boat retire, and was Liu Yu defeated. 402 March Sunen Xin Jing was defeated by Linhai Prefecture, Touhai death. Yu Zhong Lu Xun led by its brother. Liu Yu Jin usurp Liu Yu control of the court, the provincial governor of Jingzhou Liu Yi jealousy, intentions Jubing. 412 years of the first to crusade against the Liu Yu, Liu Yibing defeat suicide. Shu Qiao Qiao for the Eastern Rebel built vertical. In 405 years, provincial governor Yi Huan Mao Zhen Qu marched crusade Gangneung, Shu Army do not want to expedition, then push the vertical and the main rebel Jin Qiao. Chengdu then captured and killed Mao Qu, Qiao Road Chengdu Wang from vertical also. 408 Liu Jingyi Jin Ting sent his troops but failed crusade. 413 Prefecture Zhu Xiling Liu Yu Ling Stone sent his troops attacked the West, taking Chengdu. Qiao longitudinal retreat suicide, Qiao Shu death. Liu Yu elimination of a number of dissidents, in order to justifiably became the emperor, has launched the Northern Expedition twice. Southern Yan Murong was repeatedly invaded over 409 years, Nam Yin Liu Yu led his army attacked. Nam Yin Kwong break the following year fixed capital (now Shandong Qingzhou), sack Murong Chao, Nam Yin death. By Lu Xun then rebellion, Liu Yu return in triumph. Later Qin summer because of repeated invasion of the main Helian vigorous, large national power failure, early child master Yao Wang Li. Liu Yu again in December 416 the Northern Expedition, and even grams of Xuchang and Luoyang. Liu Yu divided the siege off the following year, the final break Chang'an, after the Dynasty perished. But in the winter, stay the capital of the sudden death of Liu Mu, to avoid the court has changed, Liu Yu had to return to the pro. He lives with his youngest son Liu Yi true king of the town of evil, such as Zhujiang Shen Tian Chang defense, then Zhujiang Neihong summer led his army attacked the main Helian vitality. 417 in the winter of Liu Yu Liu Yi-chen, general orders his troops East go, chased by Xia, vitality, thus the end of the Northern Expedition. After the fall of Guanzhong, Liu Yu began to actively seek the throne. Liu Yu Jin Andi killed the same year, his brother German legislation for Jin Gong Di. 420 Liu Yu Jin Gong Di waste independence, the founding of the Song, known as the Southern Song, is Song Wudi, the Eastern Jin Dynasty to this destruction. After the reunification of the Northern Wei Dynasty 439 North, bringing into the Northern and Southern Dynasties.
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Boundaries and administrative divisions
Inherited the territory of the Western Jin Wei, Sun Wu after the reunification of licensed territory. Territory to the north of Shanxi, Hebei and Liaodong, and South Hsiungnu, Xianbei and Koguryo adjacent; east to the sea; south to pay the state (now northern Vietnam); west of Gansu, Yunnan, and the Hexi Xianbei, Qiang and Di adjacent. Territorial Change of plans before and after the Battle of the Eastern Jin Jin Cheng Administrative Region of the passage of the Western Jin Dynasty, but also the implementation of state, county, and county levels system. However, the more points the gun, the more narrow area. Western Jin Dynasty, a large number of displaced persons crossed. Dong Jin Zhaoting name to appease overseas nationals and clans, were sent to State and County of origin rule elsewhere, without the field, namely, Emigrant County. Wait until after the implementation of soil stability and off, to obtain a field gun, and general household and State and County Taxes and the same. Eastern Administrative Region with the changes in its territory are neutral. Jin the alien invasion and the Northern Expedition, northern often change; Sichuan, has emerged as the Han, Qiao Shu and other countries; Southeast territory largely fixed. Jin Yuandi period, Schleswig invasion, only northern area of Huainan Gangneung. Into account for the Sichuan Han, Huan Wen was destroyed in 347. Huan Wen Northern Expedition launched three times, once recovered, Shandong and Henan province, after losing to the former Yan full length. Repeatedly invaded the territory of the Former Qin Jin, Eastern time remaining Yang, Jing Jiang, broad, cross, Yu, Xu, Yan, Yi, Ning seven states, and Yan, Qing, Ji, Secretary, quiet, and, benefits and other overseas state, a total of fifteen states. 383 Battle of, Former Qin fiasco. Xie Xuan following year the Northern Expedition, successful recovery of the Yellow River, south of the Qinling Mountains. Eastern Jin Dynasty after the civil unrest, Huanxuan throne, Qiao Shu-independent territory atrophy. Liu Yu Qiao Gongmie the rise of the Northern Expedition of Shu and the two launched, recovered, Sichuan, Shandong, Henan and customs in the region. However, for some reason back to Beijing Liu Yu, general civil unrest, the summer invasion, lost it off of. Yang Jin licensed at this time, North Xu, Henan, Jiangsu, North Green, Secretary, Jing Yong north, east Yi, Ning, delivery, wide, north and north Ji, Liang, Xu, Yan north seventeen states, and You, Ji, East Qin, blue, and, Yan, Qin, Yong and other overseas states, a total of twenty-five state.
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Political system
Framework, the court's decision-making bodies and administrative agencies have also gradually separate. Chancery, Central Secretariat, and studied under provincial order independent, the system of the Han Dynasty to the Sui and Tang's Three Public Jiuqing six provinces of the system. Inherited the Western Jin Wei, in the book is very heavy prison terms, all aspects of its name as prime minister. Located near the hub, though an official position under the Book of Order, but the power on top of. Studied under the same time the book is also assigned to some of the power from the common charge of decision-making, the Book is in charge of administration. Book of the internal structure of the development of more adequate, that is in the province of the Western Jin Dynasty, Cao Cao Lang tertiary institutions, "eight" of the officer. Under the door until the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the book and the expansion side institutions, the Central Secretariat Branch Cao Associate memorial, created when Ai Jin Ha Ha to the province. Later the emperor to guard against the burgeoning power of the executive secretariat to participate in politics under the door to contain the province. Although there is no real power Sangong Jin's post for the honor, but the consultant for the emperor, also used the post placement Quan Chen. A number of Quan Chen, mostly recorded in Book Sangong things, plus the book and studied under leading, or Addition of the general, all foreign military Chijie captaincy. As for the monitoring system and Imperial to become a fully independent unit directly controlled by the emperor. However, its main function is to maintain dignity of the emperor, not against corruption. Imperial architecture complete case of an administration of justice into monitoring the history books Shi Yu, maintaining the house toward the temple authority and supervision of officials Shi Yu Shi Shi Yu Shi is dereliction of duty. Imperative, since the "Wei Law," the contents of complex, Sima Zhao to power early in the life Jia Chong, Yang Hu, Du Yu, Pei-kai, who refer to "Chinese law" and "Wei Law" to the revision of the new law. 267 years to complete the new law, enacted the following year the country, namely, "Jin law." Years due to the enactment of Taishi, also known as "Taishi law." This is the only implementation of the whole Southern and Northern Dynasties in China's legal code. Zhang Fei, Du Yu individually but also for "Jin law" for the Notes of the "legal solution" (Zhang a) and "The Law" (Du a). Approval by the Emperor Wu of the note with the statutes have the same legal effect, it is also with the "Jin law" referred to "Zhang Du law." Note that the impact of secondary legislation later text, such as the Tang Dynasty, "Yong Hui Shu law."
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Military System
Western Jin Wei followed the military system, adopt the military system. Emperor Wu issued to soldiers, and Feng-gun system, and served as the kings of the Local Military captaincy. World Military System Xi Yong Jin military system, and volunteer force to add strength. Because the central decline in military power outside the light weight, the local parties from the court jurisdiction over the town. Xie order to consolidate the central government established the North Army. The military town and eight Western Jin Feng Wang Feng distribution system of enacting throne, kings packet Jun Guo, 5,000 armed great powers, sub-state second-3000, a small country, one army 1500 (see Jin dynasty kings list) . And any number of royal captaincy Local Military, such as the Governor Yuzhou Runan Wang Liang, Chu Wangwei Jingzhou Governor, Governor Hejian Guanzhong Wang Yong. Emperor Wu of any military governor of kings is to improve the Local Military Quan Chen Clan forces to avoid the dictatorship, but it makes the local royal clan control military power, increasingly overriding powers of the central trend. Chijie envoy to the Western Jin captaincy for the Governor armies, the military governor Chijie three levels of the various military and foreign military governor for the supreme commander, supervisor armies, followed by the various military ranks states the end of the military governor, General sub-systems and foreign military. Western Jin Jin followed the military system, but has been a change. Because of the decline of imperial power, the military is often in name only, with the Beijing division of the military governor of Yangzhou also belongs to the military. Most foreign military forces from the aristocratic family composition, integration generals dominate the party, which even exceeded the central Jingzhou army. Many Eastern Expedition, indeed helping to strengthen the breeding ground of the Board, but if the party town of ambitious, often to the throne. On manpower resources, the Corps greatly reduced because of the war, replaced by recruiting additional troops, or direct recruitment. Which formed by the recruitment of displaced persons in northern North Fu Bing, repeatedly beat the enemy, as in the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the latter part of the military rank.
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Population
After the West Jin Jianguo Han population but not yet back to the level of the Eight Princes and five more to random Chinese population decline. Five random times when the massacre of China, for example, Cong, Liu Yao, Schleswig and killing tigers in North China. Brought plague and famine, war, also caused a large number of people killed, or even "of people's food, hunger and dead fifteen or sixteen," the tragedy. In addition to the war factor, Jin population because of various factors to be withheld. Heavy government taxes, making people dependent under the Han or the temple to escape taxation; time soldiers and-steps, monks, priests and slaves are not nationals and not home; In addition, the relocation of large numbers of people because of war or to make after moving hide residence.
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Economy
Agriculture, as Bingshi to break the Western Jin Dynasty abolished Tuntian Zhi, the China Mita to farmers, real Shizhan Tian customization system and shade, and class field method of assessment. Yin Tian accounting system and accounting fields customized to aristocratic family law, civilians have a certain size of land, but a large number of clans did not solve the problem of land acquisition. While the class field method to re-rent than doubled during the Wei, but the farmers by the farmers Mita heavier tax structure, so the burden than Tun Tianzhi slightly reduced. Caused by the shelter to shelter the farmers who need to pay rent, the state's tax code by other people may assume homogeneous households, making more farmers to switch to shadow to landlords name. Finally, the shortage of government revenue, access to economic privileges of the aristocratic family. Eastern Jin Dynasty estate economy in the economy a greater proportion than in the north. Back in State Period, southern growing economic development. Wu, aristocratic family that has many at the manor. Jinshi south, the population of a large number of south central plains, to improve the problem of sparsely populated south. A large number of overseas development aristocratic family name of terra nullius, the establishment of a radius of tens to hundreds of years in the estate, effectively organize the labor force. Monopoly of the aristocratic family land, accounting for pastoral Shanze wins, making a great gap between rich and poor. So had Jincheng Di Wang Dao Xian and five years (330 years) to implement the degree of field rental, to change the Western Jin Dynasty and the user will transfer one farm rents collected; Xiankang years (336 years) issued the "Imjin edict" to prohibit Ze Zhan Shan care. These are intended to reduce the percentage of the burden. In addition to time-steps Manor, Dianke, there are disciples and slaves. North Central Plains to bring the technology intensive, accelerated promotion of cattle farming plowing speed. Southern Dynasties attention to water conservation, on behalf of a construction. Finally, the general development of the southern paddy fields, crop varieties to increase production capacity to improve (eg, two crops a year, the Lingnan region.) Over time the economic center of south China. Commercial, Jin Shi crossed, the Central Plains are mostly transferred to the southern areas of wealth, business is still flourishing, the largest commercial center our health, time to Jiangling. Due to the war and copper levels are low, less than mint coins, currency is in chaos. There is also the development of trade, the main north-south intercity and overseas trade by the official control, many privately run business, trading of bulk items are food, cloth, fish, salt and other daily necessities and some luxuries. Guangzhou maritime trade developed, imported pearl, jade, rhinoceros elephant, spices, silk exports for the bulk.
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Culture
This period is to create a culture of conflict and integration times. Domination of the status of Confucianism was broken, making the period of culture to the diverse development, continuous development of new areas and new doctrine. In addition to the contemporary school of Confucianism, but also have the local development of metaphysics, Taoism and Buddhism spread eastward from India, including Buddhism, Taoism, and gradually extended during the period to the general people's lives. South border to bring national grassland culture, combined with the Central Plains culture and the South Eastern culture, the two sides after the formation of cultural or ethnic integration. Jin major social problems around the clans, the clans constitute the ruling class of society, deeply affect the period. The impact of contemporary culture from Confucianism to develop pure philosophy, pure literature, pure art, pure history and new science and technology. For example, the calligraphy of Wang and Wang Xian, Gu Kai painting.
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Academic thought
Metaphysics and Taoism are not the same thing, the main book for the "I", "Zhuang Zi" and "Book of Changes" and collectively Sanxuan. Ideological core of "no", metaphysicians that "all things are produced in no." "No" can not sense, but it can dominate everything. Metaphysics in the political ideas on "inaction", and the Confucian "Norm" and the Taoist "natural" became one, to promote "Norm out of nature." The argument that the world of hierarchy, have been up and down relationship that is undeniable. Because of the demands people "Shun attitude to life" by those in power welcome and strongly encouraged.
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Religion
"Six reincarnation", and "karma" of the Buddhist doctrine of comfort at the heart. Jin, the religious Buddhism, Taoism-based, but the influence of Buddhism over Taoism strong. About Buddhism conflict with Confucianism and Taoism south, mysterious confluence of Buddhism, is divided into two groups just talk to argue, is not involved in political power, with the North are different. Buddhism was introduced into China in the Eastern Han that, when Confucianism flourished, the people and stability, so little development. Jin mid-war period, Powerful oppress the masses. Confucianism decline, thought empty. Everyone is tired so hard, and everyone thinking disorder, mental lack of sustenance. As advocated by Buddhism, "God is immortal" theory, "karma" and "six reincarnation" soothing. By deep moral principles of Buddhism to gradually flourished in China. But there is still controversy after another Buddhist content. The late Eastern Jin Dynasty, Yu Bing, and the famous monk Hui Yuan Huanxuan respect to whether the king of Salmonella (row kneeling ceremony) of arguments. Later Liang Dynasty Fan Zhen also made "off of God" and the "accidental theory" to refute Buddhism "God is immortal Theory" and "Karma." Dragon and Tiger, is a concept built for the Five Pecks of Rice Road, the birthplace of one.
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Literature
Wei alternating times, verifying Ruan article is very good, He Yan of the believers, mostly superficial. Kang specializes in four-word poem, also with a "health theory." His poetry Delicate Jun, against the political darkness, refusing to compromise with the regime Sima, representative of <and Shan Tao Dear John letter "," gift scholar into the army>, poetry nineteen and <hidden resentment Poetry>. Ruan to <Shouyangshan Fu "and" The feeling poems> to show the dark power of evil and hate politics. After the scourge of Yongjia, Liu Kun of the poem appears as perished with grief, perseverance and the characteristics of a rare style for the Jin Dynasty. Eastern Jin Dynasty, bamboo slips and the like articles to Wang's <and Xie book>, superb style, known for thousands of miles. Where <Orchid Pavilion "Preface of the attendant mentioned dirge lamenting life, pretty well representative of the values scholar at that time. Fu Fu the most metaphysical, and more content with talk about, such as Sun mourning "Traveling roof Fu", Guo Pu <Jiang Fu ". Shang Guo Pu Notes "Ya", "Shan Hai Jing" and "Biography," and so on. His "poetry about immortals" is representative of Wei Mystical Literature, poetry must escape. Narrative content of the poem from the earth's Deals sense of reality is actually written grievances against. Even with the late Eastern Jin Tao features to its good description of pastoral life, fresh and simple style to enhance meaning of ancient poetry, showing the lofty purity of sentiment. The works "Peach> meaning for evading the pursuit of a harmonious world of chaos, full of philosophy. His poetry, essays, and a wide range of later artists such as Fu Wei, Li Bai, Du Fu, Su Shi, Xin, Lu et al. In addition, the famous one of four Chinese folklore story of Butterfly Lovers background also occurs in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
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Arts
"History of women Zhen map" (local) - Jin Gu Kai Jin aristocratic family life as excellent, resulting in a lot of good artists. Brought about the development of logical speculation talk, and Taoist view of nature, the arts flourish. After painting, from Confucianism to free exploration, and gradually developed into a fine art. The promotion of Buddhism, temples and statues appeared in large numbers, driven art. Buddhist, Buddhism is also expanding the story introduced the art of imagination. To the more prosperous Northern and Southern Dynasties arts, painting mainly in the south, north to the main statue carving. "Orchid Pavilion" - Jin Wang calligraphy, there are many well-known calligraphers and calligraphy theory. Books from the official script diversified, mutual development of various Books. Cursive by the Zhang Cao into this grass, running from the official script alternation between regular script maturity. Zhang Cao Li taste with a well-known are the Western Jin Suo Jing's "post on Instrument." Potential of this grass collected regular script, developed from the document intended, there is the famous Eastern Jin Wang's "Seventeen quote," young boy's "duck head pill post." Running between the grass between Kai, writing simple and smooth, well-known with Wang's "Sangluan Tie", "Preface." Blue porcelain, the zenith in the Jin Dynasty was, especially in the south. Some of the special blue porcelain, such as water column, there are frog-type and horizontal type two sheep, body cavity fluids can be stored. Kiwi is also modeling, such as animal statues. The barn can (also known as the soul of bottles) for the Three Kingdoms, the unique funerary objects, five of cans from the Han dynasty, the deceased used to store food. The figures are often covered with statues and Buddha, pot belly is affixed to plastic figures, animal, fish and the like. These beliefs shape of reaction time and burial customs, but also has characteristics of the times of art.
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Technology
Ge Hong poor family eager to learn, thanks to Martin Hyun as a teacher, specializing in science and medical alchemy. Ge Hong has completed "Bao Pu" (Inner and Outer), "Synopsis of prescriptions" and "elbow for Emergencies." The "Bao Pu Inner Chapters" is important in the history of alchemy classics, in the "saver", "Xianyao" and "yellow" contains a number of chemical, biological and mineralogical knowledge. Ge Hong is also a great physician, he will "Golden prescription" downsizing as "elbow for Emergencies", similar to today's first-aid manual, was very useful. "Emergencies elbow" is also the earliest record of tuberculosis, smallpox books.
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Emperor chronology
During the Jin dynasty in 266 -420 In the Western Jin Dynasty 266 -316 Temple name Posthumous Name Reign Reign title Koso (Bestowed) Xuan (Bestowed) Sima Yi Sejong (Bestowed) Yang Ling (Bestowed) Sima Division Dynasty (Bestowed) Wendi (Bestowed) Sima Zhao Ancestor Emperor Sima Yan 266 -290 years Taishi 266 -274 years 275 -280 years Xianning Tai Hong 280 -289 years 290 years -290 years too hee Emperor Hui Sima Zhong 290 years -306 years Yongxi 290 years -291 years 291 years -291 years Yongping Yuan Kang in 291 years -299 300 -301 in Yongkang 301 -302 years Yongning PETN 302 years -303 years Wing 304 -304 years Jianwu 304 -304 years Wing 304 -304 years Wing Hing 304 -306 years In light Hee 306 -306 Division Mullen 301 301 Jianshi Emperor Huai Sima Chi 307 -313 years 307 -313 in Yongjia Min Di Sima Ye 313 -316 years Lite 313 -316 years In the Eastern Jin Dynasty 317 -420 In cases Emperor Sima Rui 317 -322 years Jianwu 317 -317 years In Tai Hing 318 -321 Yongchang 322 -323 years Tsung (Su Zu) Emperor Ming Division Marshall 322 -325 years 323 -326 years is too Ning Exoteric (Xianzu) Chengdi Sima Yan 325 -342 years Of salt and 326 -334 Xiankang 335 -342 years Conti Secretary Ma Ngok 342 -344 years Chien-yuan in 343 -344 Xiao Zhong Mudi Sima Dan 344 years -361 years Yonghe 345 years -356 years 357 years -361 years of peace and prosperity Ai Sima Pi 361 -365 years Long years and 362 years -363 Ning 363 -365 years Emperor Fei Division 马奕 365 -371 years Wo 366 -371 years Taizong Emperor Jianwen Division 马昱 371 -372 years Haman of 371 -372 Strong case Xiaowu Sima Yao 372 -396 years Ningkang 373 -375 years UDL of 376 -396 Andi Division 马德宗 396 -403 of Note 404 -418 years Longan 397 -401 years Yuan Xing 402 -404 years Yoshihiro 405 -418 years Gongdi Sima German 418 -420 years Hee 419 years -420 million years Note: Xing Yuan Dong Jin Andi years (403 years), control the Chuwang Huan Xuan Dong Jin Zhaoting throne, founding Huanchu. Jin Andi presented Seal, Zen in the Huanxuan.
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advance, (in history) the West Jin and East Jin Dynasties, jindai
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(literally) the South and North Dynasties-- after East Jin China was divided into
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