A language with the standard language are different, only if used in a region, such as the Cantonese dialect of Chinese, Wu dialects.
Translated by Google
No. 4
Local language variants. A language with the standard language are different, only the words spoken in a region. Jin Ge Hong "hold Puzi Jun world": "many ancient books hidden, not necessarily old saying goes, Xiao Gu Yu difficult or different language change the world, or different dialects." Tang Huangfu Ran "Mysteries are pregnant with Quatrains": "Move family crossed the long, childish solution dialect. "Ming Tang Yin," Chang men that do "Poetry:" Dawn City, never ever buy? far made four total different. "Bing" resent the young reader "8:" His poetry is written in dialect, rich people, of, justice, simplicity and beauty. "
Translated by Google
Chinese dialects
Dialect Survey Dialect is a variant of the language, according to the nature of dialects can be divided into regional dialects and social dialects, regional dialect is the language for geographic differences in the variant form, is the universal language of the different branches of geography, language development is uneven reflected in the geographical. Social dialects of the same region as in the professional members of society, class, age, gender, culture, education and other social differences, different social variations. Regional dialects and social dialects of the similarities and differences can be investigated from several aspects. The same two points: First, are the result of the language divide is a manifestation of imbalance language development; second, are not universal features of social dialect spoken in certain sectors, geographic dialect spoken in certain regions, Of course, terms of geography, regional dialects within a certain range there is a certain universal character; Third, we must use the universal language of the material. Han community in the development of varying degrees occurred during the process of division and reunification, thereby gradually produced a dialect of Chinese. 1. Distribution of Northern Mandarin dialect People who use this dialect of China's population accounts for about 70%. Northern dialect distinctive features include: loss of most of the Middle consonants. Middle Chinese in the "-p,-t,-k,-m,-n,-ng" is now only "-n,-ng". Also, compared with the other dialects, the words northern tone less. (This is because only the level tone in the northern dialect distinction of yin and yang.) Thus, the northern dialect contains a large number of homonyms and the corresponding compound produced. This is relatively rare in other dialects. Mandarin is generally divided into six areas, namely northern Mandarin, Qin Jin dialects, blue silver Mandarin, Zhongyuan Mandarin (Mandarin Central), Southwestern Mandarin, Jianghuai Mandarin. Interior is divided into northern Mandarin Jiaoliao Mandarin, Ji Luguan so, Beijing Mandarin, Northeastern Mandarin. Jiaoliao Mandarin located in Shandong Peninsula, Liaodong Peninsula; Ji Luguan then located in Hebei Province, Shandong Province, west, Neimengguning County; Beijing Mandarin in Beijing, northern Hebei Province, Inner Mongolia Chifeng City; Mandarin located in northeast Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, northern Liaoning Province, northeastern Inner Mongolia. Qin Jin dialects located in Shanxi, northern Shaanxi, Inner Loop, Zhangjiakou northwest, Xinxiang, Henan Province, west of Anyang. Qin Jin dialect distribution blocking traffic, ten different tones, the relative retention of the ancient sound stubborn few, such as to retain the entering tone. Because the dialect has been the history of the Han nationalities live together with the Altai area, so Qin Jin dialects also left some traces of ethnic minorities. Warring States period, the dialect occupied the north of this western region of the Yellow River in Henan Province, in 1722 they occupied the dialects of Inner Mongolia's Loop. Blue Silver Mandarin is subdivided into eight: Yinchuan City, Shizuishan City - Ping Luo - Dorothy - Helan - Yongning - Qingtongxia - Lingwu - Wuzhong - in Nanjing - concentric - Zhongwei, Ningxia Hui Autonomous County, Lanzhou City - Yu in - Minqin, Yeongdeungpo - Gaolan, Laguna - Tianzhu, Gansu Corridor (except Dunhuang and Jingtai), Urumqi - Changji - Bortala State - Green River City and County of Altay - Tacheng (except for Tori , Hebukeser) - Hamilton. Mandarin Zhongyuan Huaxia distributed in the tradition of the ancient residential area, this Longhai line north and south. Wan Town in Wujiang County, Suzhou City, east part of the country declared the city, Anhui Guangde County, Changxing County, Zhejiang Zhongyuan Mandarin is an island. Subdivided into Henan Zhongyuan Mandarin dialect, Guanzhong East House, then, off in the dialect of the West House, then Qinlong dialect, Long in the dialect, southern dialect. Southwestern Mandarin, including eleven: Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei Province, the western nineteen counties, northwestern Hunan Province, southern Shaanxi Province, leaving Dam - Foping - Ningshan - Zhenping - Langao - Ziyang - Shiquan - Zhenba - Ning Qiang, Wen County Pitt Town; Luzhou - Yibin City - Leshan - Xichang City, Guizhou Province Cu Chi - Renhuai - along the river - Indian River, Yunnan Province, mark - Suijiang - water-rich, Neijiang - Zigong City - Renshou County - Fushun County, Yaan City - Shimian County, northwest of Yunnan Province Shimonoseki - Jianchuan - Binchuan - Eryuan - Yunlong - Lijiang City; western Yunnan, Dali - Baoshan - Luxi; Yunnan Province, East Midlands Kunming - Zhaotong - Qujing - Yuxi - Chuxiong - old - Kaiyuan, Guizhou Province, Guiyang - Anshun City, Sichuan Province, Ningxia County; the northern Guizhou Province, Zunyi - Liupanshui - Bijie centered twenty-seven county, Yunnan Province Wilson - Yiliang - Shigeo, Xiushan County, Hunan Province Zhijiang - Huaihua - Phoenix - Xinhuang - Jishou; southeastern Guizhou Province Chen-yuan - Cen Gong - Liping - Jinping - Taiwan Jiang, Hunan Province, Jingzhou - channel ; southern Guizhou Kaili - Duyun - Guiding County; the northern part of Hubei Province, Xiangfan - Shiyan - Danjiangkou - Old River - Suizhou; Wuhan, Hunan Province Linxiang County; Yongzhou southern Hunan, Chenzhou; Guangxi to Liuzhou - Guilin - Baise - Hechi Fifty-six counties and cities as the center; Hainan Province, Changjiang County - East City - Danzhou City - Sanya City, the military parts of words spoken. Southwestern Mandarin Mandarin in line with the JAC of water in the county wide - Anlu County - should be County - Huangpi - Huanggang City - Ezhou - Qichun line west of the south. Business ZHOU Qin Han period, the lake is also part of the original Chinese and the Tibeto-Burman, Miao-Yao language, integration and the formation of the Chu language, Yongjia chaos, the move shed Hubei Qin Yong (Shaanxi, Gansu and Shanxi part of) the sixty thousand there Southwest Mandarin initial shape. Shih, the ten times the northern migration of indigenous north into the lake, the impact of acculturation and Chu eventually replace the local language, Mandarin has laid the basis for the Southwest. Distribution of Jianghuai Mandarin culture in the Huaihe River and the line between North and South, Fujian Nanping Chengguan, Changle County, Ocean Village, Lantau island is Jianghuai Mandarin. Jianghuai Mandarin Mandarin dialect boundaries and the Central Plains as follows: Lianyungang Pro Hung Estuary - Punan Donghai County town - the East China Sea Yellow River - the East China Sea baitabu - flat out the East China Sea - East China Sea Fangshan - East Hai Feng - Xinyi black port - Shuyang IA (Tong Yang ) - Shuyang Yanji Zhen Fang Xucun - Shuyang Panda - Suqian Off Temple - Suqian D mouth - siyang positions _set_ - siyang Tu Park - Sihong Cao Temple - Sihong golden - Sihong re-post - Sihong on the pond - Sihong Mountain South - Huaihe River - Fengyang County South - Bengbu City Southwest - Huai - Huoqiu County - South Jinzhai County. 2. Wu dialect All the ancient Qing Qing times, one-third of voiced consonants, voiced consonants which generally read as voiced, as in most places through the fixed end of the three ancient mother read / t /, / th /, / d /. Most of the ancient sites of three nasal consonant into a single (usually-ng), three into Endings are combined into a (-?)。 Double vowel sounds of multi-unit, into the nose of a lot of nasal vowels, even without the nasal. Tone by voicing divided into two groups, generally seven or eight, but only five of the Shanghai area. 3. Hakka dialects Hakka people in southern China is widely used, including Guangdong, eastern, northern, western Fujian, southern Jiangxi, Guangxi, south-east, the Taiwan Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Di Su and three counties, Sichuan to Meixian words represented. Although it is a southern dialect, but the Hakka immigrants in the south of the north formed, the Hakka and thus retains some medieval features, then the Central Plains. Hakka, Hakka Han Chinese are not limited to use in the She is also widely used. Using the Hakka population of about 4% of the total population. 4. Min dialects in Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, the Philippines and Southeast Asia, some countries. Since relatively large internal differences of Min, usually divided into northern Fujian dialect (if represented by Jianou), Fujian dialect (in Fuzhou dialect as the representative), Puxian dialect, central Fujian dialect, and the Taiwanese dialect (in Amoy access chamber or Taiwan as the representative). All dialects of Min is the only Middle Chinese rhyming dictionaries do not exist fully and directly correspond to the dialect. Min language is the most influential in the Taiwanese dialect, a total of "-p,-t,-k ,-?,- n,-m,-ng" seven consonants; reserved tones of Middle Chinese "Ping, on the go, into "sub-features of yin and yang. Using the Taiwanese population of about 4.5% of the total. 5. Cantonese dialect Cantonese as their representatives, mainly for the Guangdong Province, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Hong Kong, Macao and overseas Chinese in the middle. Cantonese tones are very complex, Cantonese has nine tones. Also retained characteristics of medieval Chinese dialect of one of the more complete, including p, t, k, m, n, ng six consonants. Differences within the little Cantonese. Stations using the Cantonese Han Chinese population of about 5% of the total population. Cantonese pronunciation Reference: http://chinese.voicedic.com/ 6. Xiang dialect In Hunan use. Usually divided into two types of old and new. Closer to northern New Xiang words. Changsha Hunan dialect words (new), and Lou Shao-chip (old) as the representative of the user account for about 5% of the total population. Xiang, then the new center of Changsha, to the edges, characterized dialect retroflex, post nasal loss, and the ch / q, regardless of, h / f regardless, sh / x, regardless of, ong / eng regardless and so on. Including Changsha, then, if Yueyang, Yiyang, then, if Zhuzhou, Xiangtan, then so on. Hengyang, Hunan, including the old phrase, then, if Xiangxiang, Shaoyang, then so, as word spread Xiangxiang Xiangxiang, Twin Peaks, Loudi, Lianyuan four counties, the overall sound basically the same. 7. Gan Dialect Gan, also known as the Gan dialect, ancient servant language. Sino-Tibetan languages are Chinese, mainly used for most of Jiangxi, Hunan, eastern, southwestern Anhui and other places. About the number of users using a population of about 51,480,000 (see map, previous data on 30 million is inaccurate), is the seven major dialect of Chinese. Jiangxi Province Jiangxi dialect access more than 60 counties. In addition, the prevailing dialect Jiangxi Hunan Province, the east there are 13 counties: Linxiang, Ping Jiang, Liuyang, Liling, You County, Chaling, Ling County, Guidong, Rucheng, Chang Ning, Xing capital, Ani, it was considered Yueyang, is also an Gan dialect Yongxing; the four counties in northwestern Fujian Province: Shaowu, luster, Jianning, Taining; Hubei Province and Jiangxi Province in southeastern boundary of the eight counties with: through the city, Puqi, Chongyang, Tung Shan, Yang new, Xianning, Jiayu, Daye; Anhui Anqing region Wangjiang southwest, east, Susong, Huaining, Taihu Lake, hill, Yuexi, Tongcheng counties dialect, according to I understand, also, and Gan dialects are similar, the current uncertain ownership, may also be placed under the Gan dialect. Chinese dialect map Other dialects The following are several major dialects constitute a separate dialect, there are still controversial. Jin: and most of northern Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, western, northwestern Henan, Inner Loop and other places used to represent words of Taiyuan. Is generally considered a northern dialect. Dialect: use of some areas in Guangxi. According to legend, the Sung Dynasty army stationed in southern Guangxi Ping words spoken in Shandong. Branch of the Northern dialect. Hui dialect: Huizhou, then known as, or considered to belong to Wu. Han dialect pronunciation query http://chinese.voicedic.com Northern dialect, but a large coverage area and the ancient voice is very different reasons Because of the North are often alien rule, and often war, war to the people to flee widespread, so the northern dialect of large coverage area, but also regional dialect mixture, and the product mix and the alien language. However, Guangdong and Fujian Dialect dialect as little of war, population movements do not, but left many ancient sound, but also many sub-dialects. Since the late Tang and Five Dynasties and Ten States, many northerners fled to Guangdong, the Guangdong little war after the Northern Song Dynasty (from China Guangdong, in fact, the main battlefield of the war), so keep a lot of Tang Yin. But the North is different, is part of the country (who ruled China for 100 years the North), Mongolia, the Qing regime change such as the main battlefield of the war. So now the northern dialect (Putonghua as the standard) a large coverage area, the use of 70% is used in Chinese northern dialect, the distinction between the four sub-dialects are not large, but very different voice and ancient.
Translated by Google
European Dialect
Italian family: Italian dialects: (1) major dialects: ★ Sicilian dialect (the language of the first modern Italian original form, its development of the modern Italian played a crucial, irreplaceable role) Sicilian dialect and is subdivided into the following dialects: Western Sicilian (in Palermo, Trapani, Central-Western Agrigentino) Central Metafonetica (in the central part of Sicily that includes some areas of the Provinces of Caltanis_set_ta, Messina, Enna, Palermo and Agrigento) Southeast Metafonetica (in the Province of Ragusa and the adjoining area within the Province of Syracuse) Ennese (in the province of Enna) Eastern Nonmetafonetica (in the area including the province of Catania, the second largest city in Sicily, and the adjoining area within the Province of Syracuse) Messinese (in the province of Messina) Isole Eolie (in the Aeolian Islands) Pantesco (on the island of Pantelleria) Southern Calabro (in southern and central sections of Calabria) Southern Pugliese (also called Salentino, and reportedly a dialect of Sicilian on the peninsular section of Apulia) ★ Tuscan dialect (Tuscia dialect, the language is the one closest to the standard Italian language, but the language is still a difference and the standard Italian) Tuscan dialect and is subdivided into the following dialects: ☆ Umbrian dialect (Umbrian dialects) ☆ Marche dialect (Marchigiano) ☆ Roman dialect (Romanesco) ☆ Laziale ★ Florence dialect (the language is the one closest to the standard Italian language, but the language is still a difference and the standard Italian) ★ Roman dialect (Romanesco, the language is the one closest to the standard Italian language, but the language is still a difference and the standard Italian) ★ Umbrian dialect (Umbrian dialects) ★ Marche dialect (Marchigiano) ★ Cicolano-Reatino-Aquilano ★ Giudeo-Romanesco ★ Castelli Romani dialect ★ Ciociaro ★ Corsican dialect (Corsican, French, the language is a dialect) (2) Other dialects: Milan dialect Dialect of Sardinia Bologna dialect (Bolognese) Calabrian dialect (Calabrian) Pooh Tia language (Venetic, an ancient Italian language, now extinct) Dialect of Turin (Turin) Griko language Franco-Provencal language Parmigiano dialect Piacentino dialect Ferrarese dialect Romagnolo dialect Germanic language family: [I] English dialects: Dialect of English referred to here is that the British local dialects, following the standard English dialect of English in terms of grammar, or spelling in word order and all have significant differences, generally considered the standard of English dialects and English is 2 completely different languages, not only that even the English dialect and Standard English tense areas have significant differences. So to distinguish between American English such as the English type, as American English and British English, although there are some differences but it does not like these English dialects, American English and British English can be shared, but these can not be in English dialects the. North Cheshire Cumbrian dialect Humberside Lancastrian Mancunian Northeast Geordie (Newcastle upon Tyne) Mackem (Sunderland) Pitmatic (Durham and Northumberland) Yorkshire (also known as Tyke) Scouse (Merseyside) Midlands East Midlands West Midlands Black Country English Brummie (Birmingham) Potteries South East Anglian Estuary English Cockney Multicultural London English West Country Scotland Scottish English Wales Welsh English North East English a toned down Scouse / Manchester accent Pembrokeshire dialect Ireland Hiberno-English Yola dialect Mid Ulster English Isle of Man Manx English Channel Islands Guernsey English Jersey English Malta Maltenglish
Translated by Google
Book "dialect"
"Angel of light carriage Villa Marie explained language dialects of other countries", referred to as "dialects", Han Yang Xiong book, China (the world) Comparison of the first dialect vocabulary, a total of 13, confluence of two from the Qin to the Han Dynasty era dialect. Qin before August of each year, the government sent "messenger of light carriage Xuan" (take the light rail vehicles messenger) to gather around the dialect, and documenting. These materials due to the war and lost. Teacher Yan Junping Yang Xiong collected more than 1,000 words, Yang Xiong's relatives also have to understand. Xiong expressed interest, they have collected more for a long time, after 27 years, wrote the words of this 9000 book (now this is 12,000 words, added for posterity.) Luo Changpei evaluation of the work of Yang Xiong said, "This is like the modern language of workers in the field study is to record the cards and organize the effort immediately parallelism." Praise when people say "dialects" is the "sun and moon do not hang all TV book." Note this: Guo Pu Jin, "Dialect Notes"
Translated by Google
Publication "dialect"
Sponsor: Language Institute Publisher: Commercial Press Publication Date: 1979 Issue: Quarterly Media Kit: "Dialects" is a dialect survey and published academic research quarterly dialects, each 96 pages, four year total of 384 pages. Every February, May, August, November 24, published in Beijing. Editor and Editorial Department: Chief Editor: Li Rong researchers, Xiong Zhenghui researchers, Chong Gene Fellow (Managing Editor). Chong Gene executive editor of researchers, aged 62, graduated from Xiamen University Chinese Department, the current Institute of Chinese Academy of Social language dialects, director of Research and the "dialect" Quarterly executive editor, the main research direction is Fujian dialect. "Dialects" edit of the existing 11 full-time editorial staff. In addition to the three chief editor, other editors are: Huang Xuezhen researcher, Dr. Zhou Lei, Dr. Qin Yuanxiong, Dr. Li Lan, Dr. Shen Ming, Assistant Professor Nie Jianmin, Li Qi, Assistant researcher, Dr. Xie Liuwen. Editorial Office: Jian Guo Men Nei Street, Beijing Institute of Language, No. 5 Issues of national unity: ISSN0257-0203 CN 11-1052 / H Price: 6.50 Released: Beijing Municipal Bureau of Press Release
Translated by Google
Dialect (name)
Seven representatives of Communist China (1914-1988) seven official representative of the CPC. March 1914 Health, Fujian Putian County. Formerly known as Fang Guofan, also known as Fang Zimin, Fang Ziming. Peasant origin. October 1934 to participate in Putian, Fujian, often too poor peasant Red Army guerrilla group. October 1935 joined the Communist Party, served as Recorder of the CPC Central Fujian Putian county wide (industry) often (too) Hing (too) working committee member of the county. Early in 1936 Ren Changxing national self-defense groups (also known as Red Guards) heads. July was ordered to go to Po (Tin) Yong (Thailand) opened up the border area of work, the establishment of guerrilla bases, and central Fujian Red Army guerrillas in coordination. Summer of 1937, members of CPC Fujian Putian county Work Committee and permanent border. After the second round of cooperation the two parties, central Fujian Japanese Red Army guerrilla Volunteer Central Fujian First Army was renamed the First Column, September 1937 Anti-Japanese Volunteer Office of the Director of any central Fujian. March 1938 appointed member of the CPC Central County in Putian, Fujian. June 1939 Special Committee of CPC and Putian, Fujian county organization department. July at the Party Congress of Fujian Province, Fujian Province, was _select_ed to participate in the meeting the party's Seventh National Congress. With the delegation after by the enemy blockade, a year long journey to reach Yanan. To the Central Party School in Yan'an into a study, and participated in the rectification movement. April 1945 to June as a delegation to attend the CPC Central Seven. After the victory went to the northeast, as the CPC Shenyang City District Party Committee, Organization Department and the Office of Shenyang suburbs, Municipal Traffic Section. October 1945 to November of CPC Sujiatun District, Shenyang City Clerk to the Board. District of Shenyang City was forced to withdraw after the Secretary of Anshan Public Security Bureau officers transferred. After the retreat from Anshan, Northeast China Bureau of any group to nine, the three centers Dehui county secretary. Heilongjiang Province, the military, he served as Brigade chief military school. After military school to School, he served as Party branch secretary. Soon transferred to the Board of Trade Organization chief of Heilongjiang, Heilongjiang Provincial People's Government Chief of the rank of cadres. May 1949 army south to work in Jiangxi Province, Ren Xingzi County Military Control Commission director. July to September the county party secretary of CPC Jiangxi stars. Jiujiang, Jiangxi, prefectural organizations, he served as Deputy Minister and deputy secretary of the Committee for Discipline Inspection. February 1955 to June 1959 appointed deputy director of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Justice, June 1955-June 1959 and party secretary of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Justice. November 1959 to March 1966 appointed deputy director of Jiangxi Provincial Bureau of Personnel. Jiangxi Provincial People's Committee office in 1966, inspectors visited room. "Cultural Revolution" by the impact. July 17, 1988 died due to illness. DJ Dialect Dialect Radio is a radio host in Xi'an music station.
Translated by Google
Other
Dialect TV A program in Nanjing dialect: "Listen to me Shaoshao" host is Old Wu, listen to me Shaoshao means, listen to me brag, talk, news content for some of Nanjing, Nanjing, with words, humor! TV Characters dialect TV "and the youth on the day" People dialects, Tong Dawei ornaments. Dialect born in the late fifties; the late seventies in a unit of soldiers left Beijing; after young people as small as a result of a literary editor was transferred to the Department of the PLA as a temporary editing; Zengyin disease was sent to a hepatitis military hospital treatment for several months; children with the same compound made in the profiteers to do business in Guangzhou, trap, find a friend to help and be Li Bailing deceived; disheartened to leave work and returned to Beijing, Guangzhou, after a writer; eighty From the mid-police say that the high-fat children has been suspected of the murder of ocean, by the shock and into the past memories of youth; its memory is the film narrative tone. Distribution of Chinese Mandarin
Translated by Google
English Expression
: Fang Yan
n.: dialect, idiom, lingo, localism, patois, vernacular, speech, used in a part of a country or by a class of people, dialect spoken by the common people of a region and differing from the standard language of the country
Chinese dialects