Cultural legacy of mankind in the history of the development process artifacts, relics. All kinds of artifacts from different sides reflect the various historical periods of human social activities, social relations, ideology and the use and transform the nature of the situation and the prevailing environment is a valuable historical and cultural heritage of mankind. Protection and management of cultural relics and scientific research, for people to understand their own history and creative force, revealing the objective law of development of human society, and to promote awareness of the present and future development of the society, has important significance. Protection and management of cultural relics, the different functions of the various departments involved in the community; heritage research, involving the social sciences, natural sciences, engineering sciences and other areas of a variety of disciplines. Protection and management and scientific research are interrelated and mutually reinforcing and complementary. Therefore, the protection of cultural relics management and scientific research, is a comprehensive science system. In China, "Heritage" linked to the use of the word, first appeared in "Zuo." "Zuo • Huan years," reads: "Fude, thrifty and have degrees, several board down, artifacts to Millennium, to issue the statement; to Linzhao Baiguan, Baiguan Ever since Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ and dare not easy to discipline." After that, "Han • South Hsiungnu Biography" are: "made clothes, prepare heritage." mentioned above "text, objects" originally refers to the time of the ritual laws and institutions, within the meaning of heritage and modern meanings are different. To the Tang Dynasty, LUO poem: "Heritage of Russia moved Xie, souls have ups and downs," Du Mu poem: "Six artifacts grass groaning, Danyun busy Heritage same day." Here the meaning of "heritage", its meaning is closer to the modern meaning of cultural meaning, the meaning is a relic of the previous generation. The middle of the Northern Song Dynasty (11th century), in bronze, stone as the main object of Epigraphy Rose, and later gradually expanded to study a variety of other ancient artifacts, these artifacts collectively referred to as "artifacts" or "antiquities." In the Ming Dynasty and early Qing relatively common name used is "vintage" or "antique." The Qing period (18th century) began to use the term "antique." These different names, meaning basically the same, but on many occasions, antiques, antiques and curios, refers to ancient artifacts paintings, rubbings away. Republic of China period, the concept of antiquities and includes extensive than in the past. 1930 (nineteen years) issued by the national government, "Antiquities Preservation Act" clearly states: "The purpose of this Law refers Antiquities paleontology and archeology history and all other terms relating to antiquities and culture." Explain the concept far beyond the past called "antiquities", "antique" range. In the 1930s, "Heritage" term and heavy use. 1935 Beiping government published the "old relics are slightly", the same year _set_ up a dedicated research, trimming ancient buildings "Beijing Cultural Relics finishing the Commission." The concept of "heritage" have included the immovable cultural relics.
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Definitions
Currently, the title of each country heritage are not consistent, the meaning and scope of its meaning are not the same, and thus has yet to form a common heritage recognized uniform definition. Heritage refers to the specific material remains, and its basic features are: first, to be created by humans or human activities; Second, it must be the history of the past has become impossible to re-create. According to contemporary Chinese cultural characteristics, combined with the specific circumstances of Chinese heritage preservation, the "heritage" of the term historical development of human society as a legacy of the process, created by human or human-related activities of all valuable material remains in general. [Dictionary Definition Heritage (wén wù): Remains in the community or buried in the ground of human culture relics. Including historical, artistic, scientific and cultural value of the site, tombs, architecture and inscriptions; each era of precious works of art, arts and crafts and household items; important documents as well as manuscripts of historical value, old books; reflect the era of social system, social production and social life typical kind.
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文物定级标准
22, arms in the history of weapons development can represent the level of a historical phase of ordnance; important battles or important events; famous ancient figure, a particularly important value of the weapons.
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The difference between artifacts and antiques
Distinguish artifacts, antiques and antiques Part of the collectors, how to correctly understand the dialectical relationship between artifacts and antiques, antiques, works of art, there are still vague understanding. "Heritage" refers to the legacy of the past, the study of social, political, economic, cultural valuable things, is a valuable historical and cultural heritage of mankind, such as architecture, inscriptions and various works of art. Accordance with the "Cultural Relics Protection Law", heritage and cultural resources are non-renewable underground PRC, all cultural relics waters and territorial sea, belongs to the state. Meanwhile, the "Cultural Relics Protection Law" also stipulates that all belong to the collective or individual artifacts and other artifacts legally obtained, and its ownership protected by law. "Heritage" word first appeared in the Spring and Autumn, are collectively referred to as ritual, laws and institutions. To the Tang Dynasty, its meaning is closer to today's meaning. Relics from the time point of view, ancient and modern, but also contemporary. It covers various historical periods. But there is a certain level of cultural relics, artifacts into the general cultural relics and precious cultural relics can be divided into one, two artifacts, three artifacts. "Heritage Act" for one, two, three and cultural standards as defined in these regulations. We usually refer to antiques, antiques and works of art, especially folk collection should be, is not that part of the country to prohibit the sale of heritage listed. All the citizens' legitimate heritage, the law allows their mutual exchange or transfer and circulation in accordance with law. Qing ago, people put precious antiquities called "antique", the so-called "bone", meaning to take rotten meat and bone kept meaning to save the last of the essence. Later changed to antiques, curios. In fact, "antique", "antique" and "antique" is a meaning, but due to the changing times, people are just different names. Comparison of artifacts and antiques from the point of view or antiques, artifacts on the cover of time greater than antiques or antique, since ancient artifacts can be, it can be modern or contemporary, as long as the product is outstanding cultural heritage can be included in the category. The antiques and curios is not, modern and contemporary stuff can not be called antiques and curios. Since many artifacts have a high appreciation of the value of art, so in turn the pan-called collectors collecting art. An ancient art, it is the cultural heritage sector, the protection of cultural value because it; for investors is an antique, because it has added value; antique works of art for collectors is because it has artistic appreciation value. Consideration for the protection of the national heritage, for non-national treasure of relics, encouraging "a treasure to the people", and allows the flow of civil law, which paved the way for the development of the art market and the rise of private collectors antiques business. After the establishment of the People's Republic, a series of laws and regulations concerning the protection of cultural relics by the Central People's Government Administration Council and, later, the State Council promulgated, have adopted the word "heritage." Until 1982 the Standing Committee of National People's Congress promulgated the "Republic of China Cultural Relics Protection Law", and only then "Heritage" included in the term and its contents down in the legal form. In fact, its scope includes movable and immovable all the historical and cultural relics in the ancient years has not only limited, but includes nearly modern till contemporary. Name of the world's heritage of different categories, each with its commonly used, but there is no cover all categories of heritage collectively. Europe in the 17th century in both English and French use the word Antique, say the word comes from the Latin ante, intention is ancient, the former. Another said it believes the English word is derived directly from the French, when you start using a term mainly refers to the cultural relics of ancient Greek, Roman, and later evolved into a work of art refers to each era, and its meaning is close to China The so-called antiquities, antiques. Japanese call "tangible cultural property", referring to similar artifacts China, but its meaning and scope is not the same. In the international community, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO, hereinafter referred to as UNESCO) number of international conventions on the protection of cultural relics in the session, generally referred to as the relics of "cultural property (Cultural Property)" or "Cultural Heritage (Cultural Heritage) ", referring to the contents of the two are not equivalent. From the specific content listed in the Convention, the former refers to movable heritage, which is the immovable cultural relics. Egypt used Arabic ξζ1 (singular), Εγ1 (plural) word, and China called the concept of heritage is basically the same. 1983 Egypt promulgated the "Egyptian Cultural Relics Protection Law" stipulates that appear on Egyptian history associated with their homeland or, where a hundred years ago, including movable and immovable, and the value of in-kind historic, belong to the heritage (ξζ1). Meanwhile, in less than a century also provides valuable kind, may be designated as cultural heritage on the recommendation of the competent authorities. The lower limit on the age of artifacts in the international community had initially _set_ at 1830, originated in 1930, the U.S. tariff regulations. The ordinance requires that all works of art produced before 1830 will be exempt. Later in the international arena, in many countries this year as the lower limit's heritage. Later, in 1966 the United States adopted a new tariff regulations, and provisions "from the duty-free imports from the date of submission of declarations, where a hundred years ago produced artifacts" 概予 duty-free imports. Thus the current practice by the international community in general, heritage refers to the production of a hundred years ago kind of historical, artistic or scientific value. But some countries according to their specific circumstances make other provisions, such as Greece, put 1450's heritage as a lower limit. "Chinese historical relics" is the head of the Ministry of Culture, sponsored by the National Museum of China academic research publications, bimonthly, published monthly on the 30th. Journal major professional academic research on the issue of Chinese antiquities, archeology, history and museums article. Publication of the manuscript requires a certain research, advocates evidence history, while also focusing on the publication of articles about the artifacts, documents or archaeological museum of new developments and major new exhibition of newly discovered. The main sections are: cultural studies, archaeological studies, ancient history new evidence unearthed literature, museum studies, heritage conservation and restoration research. "Chinese historical relics" purpose of the magazine: Stick contending scientific spirit, to promote scholarship rigorous and realistic atmosphere; emphasis reflects the latest achievements of domestic and Chinese ancient history, archeology, heritage, museum studies; promote international cultural, archaeological, historians academic research, academic exchanges and friendly contacts; strive to build a high level of academic research journals. Publications for domestic and international public offering by the post office all over the country subscriptions, domestic Youfadaihao 2-229. Each priced $ 10, annual price $ 60.
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Encyclopedia
Cultural relic Cultural relics buried in the ground or in the historical and cultural relics in the community. It Significant difference between the non-heritage is: First, it is the history of people to create products of labor; Second, it is important historical, cultural, artistic or scientific value remains thereof. Cultural relic Generally include: ① with major historical events, revolutionary movements and important figures related to construction Objects, sites, monuments and so on. ② historical, artistic or scientific value of ancient cultural sites, Ancient tombs, ancient buildings, stone carvings, caves, temples, ancient Academy. ③ each era has a Given the value of arts and crafts. ④ old books with a certain value of the information revolution literature resources Material. ⑤ for the representation of all the times kind of social system, social production and social life. ⑥ reactionary historical evidence. If you press the existing forms of cultural relics, the relics can be divided into non- Mobile and movable cultural heritage. Immovable cultural relics and historical sites are basically cultural calendar Historic buildings; movable heritage is circulating in the community may be relics. Movable heritage Diaspora can be divided into collections of artifacts and relics. The former is a collection of cultural relics government agencies (mainly Museum) collection of artifacts; latter is the presence of artifacts scattered on the mouth only Diaspora Heritage Society As a cultural heritage to goods entering the market.
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English Expression
: antiquity
n.: cultural relic, cultural treasures, object, eg a piece of furniture or a work of art, that is old and valuable, esp one that is of interest to collectors, antique, historical relic
French Expression
n. patrimoine culturel;
objet ancien
Thesaurus
bricabrac, antique, curio
Related Phrases
history
buildup
craft
bijou
culture
celebrity
former residence
Throughout the country priority Cultural relic Preserve denomination
cultural relic preserve