① also for "Photo King." Photo by sun shadow chasing. Made it very fast: you can trade, in full view photo marks the beginning | Photo ultra light cluster wind. ② also known as "photographic." The camera images will be recorded in the photosensitive materials Pi Sheti technology. First to Pi Sheti image through the lens of the sensitive film on the exposure; light sensitive film after the washing process are presented by the negative image of the film Pi Sheti; again after finishing it was just as consistent with the basic Pi Sheti. Photographic photosensitive materials, such as using reversed by washing process can be just as direct. Divided by color, with color photography and black and white photography.
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No. 2
Movie Panoramic Photography
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No. 3
See "Photo King."
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Photo
Photography; making movies or television. Ze-"Prince autumn blunt Om Feng was invited to photograph like the poem": "photography Ji Sheng Yu, Yi Huo the right or left." Hong Shen "film drama techniques" Chapter 1: "Drama for life, not like a photograph of the scene, a number will be no deviation to reflect. " example: studio. Photography pictures
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No. 5
That photo. "Flower," the 11th back: "Feng-like open read, it also removed the wrap, but Mimicengceng the package, until the end of level, square foot revealed that a large Western calendar photography. On top of it is two beautiful Western woman. "
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No. 6
Extension that truthfully. Yellow people "<Qing Wen Wei Po> order": "There is a generation of political and religious habits, have a generation of academic thought, slough it breed new, Shun not re provincial interest, while The Definition of whom the history of photography, but was something to stay sound The Definition of Man. "
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Introduction
Photography is the use of some specialized equipment for image recording process, generally we use the mechanical camera or digital camera to photography. Sometimes photographers will also be known as the camera, that is, the light reflected by an object so that the process of photographic media exposure. English comes from the Greek word photography photography φως phos (light) and γραφις graphis (painting, drawing) or γραφη graphê, with the word meaning "drawing with light." Refers to the use of certain specialized equipment for image recording process, generally we use the mechanical camera or digital camera to photography. Sometimes photographers will also be known as the camera, that is, the light reflected by an object so that the process of photographic media exposure. Some people said a brilliant language: the ability of photographers to the daily life of ordinary things fleeting visual images into immortality. Generally referred to as the photography, that is, a camera, the image in film, print film into a single photo, a Zhang Zuoyong long preserved. But the photo image is not moving, silent, only for people watching their characters, mood, and then understand its meaning. Today the world still had a picture of the earliest can be traced to 1827, from the French of Joseph ‧ Ni Aipu hands.
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Principle
During exposure During the photo, the light passes through small holes (more often a lens group) into the cas_set_te, the cas_set_te back (relative to the incident light direction) of the media imaging. Based on the actual ability of light intensity and different photographic media, the required illumination time is different. In the light process, the media is sensitive to light. Post-production Camera to complete, the media image of the information must be retained through the conversion and re-read by the human eye. Specific method depends on the light-sensitive means and media properties. For film cameras, there will be fixing and development, amplification and other chemical processes. For digital cameras, you need to calculate the data processor, and through the electronic equipment output. Equipment used In general, people use the visible light camera, the most commonly used is the camera. Due to the different scenarios and uses the camera has a lot of categories. General speaking, the camera should have a few basic parts to ensure the exposure process, which include: photographic media, imaging lens, exposure time control agencies, film cas_set_te, the storage medium.
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Categories
Photographic records The reason why the birth of photography, that is, for the record. It is displayed after the birth of the great vitality, but also precisely because of its record. This is the other technology or art can not be compared or replaced. Therefore, broadly speaking, photography is the record. Art Photography With the development of photography, people continue to increase in the photography art elements, began to produce art of photography. It is the difference between photography and artistic record of the number and level, without the absolute limit. For example: we went to take a picture for ID card or Liugejinian, general studio photographs, information or record up to a bit value. However, Mr. Zheng Jingkang to shoot portraits, Mr. Qi, 50 years later, is still the world's twenty one of the best portraits. The difference depends entirely on the artistic level. Painting Photography Holography Holography is a record of the subject is reflected wave amplitude and phase, and all other information about the new photographic technology. Ordinary photography is to record the object plane intensity distribution, it can not record the object phase information of reflected light, thus losing the three-dimensional. Holography using laser as light source and light emitted light into two beams, a beam directly at Gan Guangpian, another bunch of reflection by the subject matter after the shooting at the Gan Guangpian. Two beams of light generated in the Gan Guangpian superimposed interference points on the photographic photosensitive film not only with the intensity level of the two beams with the phase relations are different. So not only records the holographic reflective intensity on the object, but also records the phase information. Directly to the human eye to see such a photosensitive film, only to see the same interference fringes as the fingerprint, but if it is irradiated with a laser to the human eye can see through the film was shooting the original three-dimensional objects in exactly the same as . A holographic image even left with only a small portion can still reproduce all the features. Holography can be used in industry for nondestructive testing, ultrasonic holography, holographic microscopy, holographic memory, holographic film and television, and many other aspects. 1. Painting, photography Doctrine Action painting, photography doctrine in the early twentieth century a school of art photography, it produces in the mid-nineteenth century England. The photographer sent the pursuit of painting in the creative effects, or "poetic" realm. It has gone through the following three stages: imitation painting stage; advocating song Ya stage; Painting stage. Marxist photographer painting made, "should produce photography and photographic Ti Cian Raphael." 1857, og Leyland (1813-1875) created a spell by the release of more than 30 exposures made with a Renaissance-style works: two ways of life, marking the painting art photography mature doctrine. Works of this period, most of its rich religious subject matter, with certain degree of regulation metaphorical. Shooting, lay the draft notice, and then use models, props, scenes of organizations and arrangements, and through the darkroom processing. The pursuit of photo screen painting effects. Subsequently, the painting has expanded the content of Marxist photography, but still advocates the classical style, shape and composition remain the law of academic, which appears to savings, Shen tables, and elegant. When the school to the Painting stage of development, the pursuit of works of emotion, mood and form of the United States, is still its features. Since painting artistic accomplishment doctrine photographer stressed: "If you want to make standing in art photography, photographers must first cultivate aesthetic capacity and implementation of arts education accomplishment." Therefore, its historical contribution is to photography from the early mechanical depict objects directed to the field of plastic arts, to promote the photographic arts. Most of the paintings from the doctrine of creation in real life, coupled with the growing improvement of photographic equipment, it is interesting as early as the continuous development of the United States for the "natural" by the impact. Despite this, in today's photographic art galleries, there are still its seats. The school's principal photographer and works include: Pleasant on (? -1896) Of the Baron of the feast, Robinson Crusoe, pagoda scene; Luobin Lin's work is done when the time of the day, fall, two little girls, dying , holding a bottle of poison Juliet, dawn and sun_set_; Leyland baptism of the first glow of those covenants, Yifei Virginia, gifted and 荷罗佛尼斯 Dieter; Ms. Jin Malun (1815-1897) and Thomas Carlyle and Trinidad (1820-1910) of the dying of the clamor and Russia and so on. 2. Impressionist photography In 1899, the British organized a French impressionist painting, the first exhibition. Robinson photographer painting faction under its influence, that "soft tone sharp photography photography more beautiful than the" aesthetic standards, promote "soft tone" photography. The genre of painting in the Impressionist art in photography reflection. At first, they use soft focus lens for filming, Bu Wenzhi printing photos, the pursuit of artistic expression of a blurred effect. With the "wash silver bromide phase" and in the pigment mixed with gum dichromate method to wash the emergence of paper, Impressionist works from the control of the development of imaging lens to the darkroom processing. They proposed "to make work looks completely like photos," and that "if there is no painting, there is no real photography." In this theory under the guidance of impressionist photographers also with a brush, pencil, eraser on the screen in the photo processing, specifically to change its original brightness changes, the pursuit of "painting" effect, such as La Roja created in 1900 The "sweep the park people," is like a painting on canvas charcoal. Impressionist works of photographers to make their own art of photography has completely lost its own characteristics, so some people took it as "imitation of Painting." Painting, photography can say it is a branch of Marxism. The art of this genre is characterized by gloomy tone, shadow patterns rough, full of decorative, but lack the sense of space. Its well-known photographer with Duma Xi (? -1937), General about (1857-1933), Qiu Yan (1866-1944), Vacek (1848-1903), brother Hoffmeister (1868-1943; 1871-1937), Toure Clain (1848-1918), Ephron Stewart (1874-1948), Mizun months (1870-1943), Xin swallow (1863-1908), Church Lane (1861-1947), etc. . 3. Candid shots Photo-realistic genre of photography is a long, stretches so far, is still the basic art of photography, the main genre. It is a creative method of realism in art in photography reflection. The earliest realistic photography hobby when pushed British photographer Philip Delamotte who in 1853 shot a documentary collodion. Later, the field is a Luo Sifen Dayton photography and the late sixties, William Jackson, Yellowstone wonders. 1870, photo-realistic maturing society began to shift the lens to shift life. If the photographer was shot 巴纳多博士 to the plight of street children, and shocked the people. As photo-realistic love the enormous and extraordinary understanding of the role of the appeal, and gradually occupy the field of information their position. Amigo nineties American photographer living in Brisbane on the New York slums, those who work in this area is the foundation works. Subsequently, the realistic talented photographer, works both for its strong and deep nature of reality is known in the history of photography. For example, the United Kingdom Bo Lande's "pick up those coal"; U.S. r · Capa's "pass it the first French woman to be shaved through the streets"; French Weiss's "girl" and so many others. 4. Naturalistic Photography Thus, this art advocate, is the reactionary doctrine of painting, it encourages people to photography from the School in shackles, to give full play to promote the role of photography has its own characteristics. The subject matter of this genre, mostly natural scenery and social life. Satisfied with the naturalistic description of photographic reality and the reality of the surface details of the "absolute" truth, while ignoring the real nature of the mining and refining on the surface of objects, words, pay no attention to the stylized art and artistic image of the typical, Thus, it is essentially the vulgar realism. Sometimes lead to a distortion of reality. This school has well-known photographer Apartment Office (1856-1930), Weier Qin Xun (1857-1921), Geer (? -1906), Scratch Jesus (1856 -?), Sutcliffe (1859-1940 ) and so on. 5. Purists photography Coban overlooking the display show that in 1913 New York, is pure camp in the works. Photographer in New York from above a square, although there is no processing, modification, but the novel's composition, unique style and refreshing, another example, the k e Stan Sandberg honest, it is repeated exposure approach, the single pieces of work space, time constraints, in a delicate picture depicts the poet emotional conversion, the combination of tone and composition changes, most rhythm. From a certain point of view, some purists and creative ideas of formalism and naturalism is the "bastard", then the derivative into a "new doctrine that matter." But the genre to some extent people have contributed to the performance characteristics and skills of photography to explore and research. Well-known photographer of this genre is the Strand (1890 -?) And the group f 6.2 photography photographer youth organizations, such as Yadan Si, roots that John and so on. Purists later works are to lines, patterns and distorted image of the abstract aspects of development, the influential photographer is Yabo, Shiding Na, history, culture and Evans off so special. 6. New photo that materialism The materialism of new photography called "disposable photography", "new realism photography." Twenties of this century the emergence of a photography school of art. The genre is characterized by the art in search of things in common, "the United States." With a close-up, close-up and other techniques to bring the subject from the whole "separation" out, highlighted the performance of the object of a detailed, accurate and truthfully describe the structure of its surface to achieve the matter are both trademarks eyes and ears of the visual effects. It does not take into account the nature of art is to suggest the nature of the object, so its aesthetics are naturalistic areas. For example, the photographer Pa Qiu taken in the 1923's rotary engine is to use close-up technique, the performance of the rotary engine running state, because the screen and thus abandon the other details to give the audience a strong visual impression. New pioneer in the theory of materialism is the Strand, he was the artistic features of materialism provides as follows: "The new materialism but that is the essence of photography, and is the product of photography and boundaries." He believes that photography " strong performance of life, and the need to observe the right things in the eye. To do this, not based on a perfunctory process and method of operation, but must use pure photography right. "new creation is a pioneer in photographic materialism is a Ah Jay and Steichen. The actual founder of the Church above par. Pa Qiu against photography depends on the painting, he stressed the need to rely on photography, photography art its own characteristics, that the aesthetic value of photography features hidden in their own, only give full play to its own characteristics of photography to create the United States, he said: "The painting should be lightly by the artist to paint, only according to the inherent characteristics, can create self-photography can be, nothing is borrowed from the paintings. " New photographers that materialism is to promote awareness of the merits of photography and exploration of its characteristics, the photography from the illusory world of aesthetic back to real life in the past. However, too much emphasis on the detailed physical description of surface structure, for the later abstract photography provided a germination of soil. Before and after 1925 due to a large caliber small camera, the new field of the physical manifestations of a new development, resulting in a lot of portrait work and the social life and natural beauty of the works. The new materialism that has a well-known photographer Sander (1876-1964), Le Siji (1871-1956), black GE (1893-1955), Xier Xia (1881-1948) Hugh Limanhuopei (1878 -?), Ai Fute (1874-1948), Wisconsin swallow Adams (? -1902) and so on. 7. Surrealist photography Surrealism Dada photographer during the decline seen in the field of photography as a genre, the rise in the thirties of this century. The schools have a more rigorous program of art and art theory. They believe that with creative methods to realistic real-world performance of classical artists have already completed the task, but the modern artist's mission is to tap new and has not been explored that part of the human "spirit world." Thus, the human subconscious activities, occasional inspiration, dreams will become a psychopathic and surrealist photographer who made a special object. Surrealist photography is also the same as the Dada photographer, using scissors, paste, darkroom techniques as their primary means of modeling, scene in the works will be piling up the screen, put together, reorganization, the details of specific performance and any exaggeration, distortion, omission and symbolic way together to create a real and imagined, between the concrete and abstract surreal "art realm." So the effect is strange, absurd and mysterious. The genre is a British photographer, founder of Dayton and the United States of silk cloth to stay Quayle (1880-1945). Who actually completed the stage for the British photographer Mark Bin (1905 -?), In his own creation, the "super-reality" in virtual reality and reality blend together, creating a realm of both fantasy and reality. For example, he created in 1946, "Mark Bin's self-portrait" is a very typical surrealistic works, it is the use of four exposures taken out of the way - one positive, two side and one eye . The school has a well-known photographer in the Surrealist painter Pal Khan photo gallery; deformation of the body photographer Brent; portrait photographer and publicity, and Bruce Blumenthal Carson, Lorraine, Hal Mann, by Lai and so on. 8. Abstract photography Abstract photography as a World War I, the emergence of a photography school. The schools of the plastic arts is a photographer can examine the negative image of the art to reflect life, performance artists of the basic characteristics of aesthetic experience, claiming that photography should "liberate from the photo in." Beginning of abstract photography are as Taier Bo (1800-1877). Initially, the screen still maintain a certain level of work the identifiable. To 1917 photographer Cobain (1882 -?) And transparent glass with a wood shot, "Bordeaux Illustrated" had not completely legible. 1922, Hungary 莫荷利纳基 abstract painter (1895 -?) In Manrui (1890 -?) And others to be developed on the basis, and theoretically to be established. Subsequently, the abstract painter Kandinsky, Koehler, the introduction of a microscopic photography and x-ray photography, which greatly expanded the scope of the performance of abstract photography has enriched the language of photography, _set_ up their own art system, and became popular in Europe and other countries. Representatives of the genre, in addition to those mentioned in the text, there Shige Te, Fenning Ge, On real rand, Folai Tai, temperature gap Manchester, Georgia met with Pakistan, XIA and cloth left Quill and so on. 9. Worthy of the school photography Worthy of the camp after World War I the rise of photography, painting doctrine against a major photographic genre of photography. The school photographer for respect of their properties photography, emphasizing the real, natural, advocates shooting without mercy, non-interference in the object, to promote the state of nature capture the moment the subject of modality. French famous "worthy" to send photographers Hengli Ka Di Erbuliesong said: "For me, photography is a moment in time to put the significance of an event and can really express this event accurate record of the organizational form. "which features the art of this genre is the objective, real, natural, friendly, casual, do not do cut and polish, vivid and full of life. "Worthy of the" faction of the photographer, aesthetics and creativity of its tendency, the situation is more complicated, although they are humane performance of the world state, and most of them engaged in news photography, but there is a natural advocates, some of those for the realism. The schools works in 1893 gave birth to photographer Alfred Sidi Ge's "Winter of Fifth Avenue in New York," while those who actually completed the German photographer is Paramount Dr. Eli Shamir. He used a small camera in a German-French Prime Minister end of the meeting held on the night shot "Roman political conference", because of its lively, authentic, simple, natural, and to become crowned the genre classics of photographic history. Aesthetic in photography, they think of "the basic characteristics of photography-based pictures of the house of the artist or etching can not imitate, it has its own integral I, has its own particular expressive power, or even with other media characteristics can not be shown. " Secondly, the performance of objective things, they stressed the importance and originality, said: "(photographer to use) their own point of view of the world, do not look at the world through the eyes of others, which is the distinction between mediocre or brilliant photos , the standard of value or no value. " The school has well-known photographer Thomas Road 韦尔麦阿沃 by the United States; UK 茜莉特摩戴尔; French doors Victor Huff; and Louise Dahl Wolf, Peter Starr Kebierbu Lu Weiqi and so on. 10. "Dada" Photo "Dada" in Europe during the First World War as a literary theory. "Dada", a French children's language, "pony" or "hobby horse" is not consistent vocabulary. Dada artists for denial in the creation of rational and traditional culture, art and aesthetics missed declared in favor of "abandoned painting and all the aesthetic requirements", advocating nothing, so the creative process almost joking, so people to the school of art called "Dada faction. " Under the influence in this art, photography, art has also produced the "Dada." Hal Mann, a famous photographer, had created a Mona Lisa, her eyes full of hand here not only became red with rage suddenly, fine hair clusters, but also full of money. Be described as absurd, neither fish nor fowl. Dada artists, creative photography, darkroom techniques are mostly used for editing process, to create a fantasy scene to express their ideas. For example, the Leda and the Swan lm Kea, the story of a beautiful Greek mythology, treated as some kind of weird obscure, elusive combination of images and lines. In the screen, the image is no longer visible the significance of its own existence, but only a constituent element of ideas. Series also means to use the scissors, so that flock to Niagara Falls, New York, created a shortage of doomsday Liu Kang Min scene. Dada art photography as it does not meet the general aesthetic taste and aesthetic requirements, since 1924 have gradually been more specific, the art of tofu and a complete program of surrealist art school impact. But its effects can still occur in the future a glimpse of the art of modern photography. Dada has a well-known photographer Philip Hall Mann, Morgan, 拉茨罗摩荷 Lina Ji and Ellis turkey and so on. 11. Subjective photography Photography is a subjective formed after the Second World War more than abstract photography "abstract" art school of photography, it is also called "post-war faction." Its characteristics are: A picture of "concrete" and "abstract" form of the two regardless of shape, self-concept's performance is its ultimate goal. Picture of the photographer is all just self-expression "carrier" only. 2 features full use of the lens perspective, the subject from reality, "stripping" out, "shift" to the screen up, - that the use of certain optical properties of the lens, the objective to transform objects, making ideas "materialized body", which combined into the screen to create their own "world." This world is often absurd, mystical, or a hundred people can not comprehend the. 3 by means of clear and strong close-up to strengthen and highlight the performance of a detailed form of objects. 4 the use of darkroom techniques to enrich the subject the original tone simplify the natural, ordinary relationships into strong visual relationship. 5 by the exposure means (such as multiple exposure, continuous flash), so the concept of the subject separate from the time, and dynamically position the concept of time and space to be swapped. In addition to its well-known photographer Ott, Stan Bennett, there Jieshimoer, Xiaofanoukan, Lan Peien, 莫弗克尔特 and so on.
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Of
Photography of the Impressionist paintings are very famous in art history, it was said: "The Impressionist painters are very persistent in photographic expression." Can be seen from the following aspects of photography to painting significant impact: 1. Camera on the performance of light and dark objects. 2. Freedom of composition. 3. A little of the background described. These are from the 1, the Impressionist painters of the nature of light to take a scientific attitude; 2, the plane of the distance method; 3, not used to the point of view; 4, screen-side processing, etc. clearly shown. Impressionist, painters and photographers are increasingly close relationship, said the French painter and sculptor Edgar (edgar degas West Lyle Germain), Edgar (1834-1917) had taken pictures of animals fascinated while. Critics Longkou Shuzo (1903 ~ 1979) said: "If the impressionist Monet was the day, it is the night of the impressionist Degas." There are many statistics, both the artist is not uncommon photographer. French artist 图卢兹亨利 (1864-1901 henri de toulouse-lautrec) there is a Zhanghuan Xi is holding the camera photos, many other celebrities are also keen on photography. My favorite is a Bernard Sarah (1844-1923) of the photo, it seems any time the content will not be out of date.
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Impressionism
1839, France's Louis HCIA Blackman Deda Gaelic (louis-jacques-mandé daguerre 1789-1851) invented the silver version of the photography, the first record of solving the problem of optical images. Silver plate photography (daguerreotype) opened the first of its kind recorded in silver halide photography, the history of this painting has detailed records.
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Representative
Daguerre and the Photo Gallery Louis Jacques Mount Daidagaier in 1854 he opened his own museum of photography, Sharon, 1860 into the form of Daguerre's photography in the museum there was a considerable number of celebrity photography, such as Alexandre Dumas French writer Victor Hugo, Victor Marie, who were both filmed portrait. Was also successfully taken from a hot air balloon to the city of Paris, was also "ironic", said: "Daguerre to the art of photography to a high degree of sublimation!." From a holistic point of view, the emergence of photography in the painting industry in the past made a lot of unemployed people, and people begin to engage a large number of amendments to photography, color and other industries. The most practical question is: a considerable number of artists will take into account, similar paintings photography will lose their commercial - part of the work has value as a work of art, of course, when the trend from a social point of view, it can say so . Therefore, Claude Monet (claude monet 1840-1926) began to appear as the representative of Impressionism. Photographer Daguerre's studio began as a salon all artists can be said that painting the impression that from here on stage. Monet's "Impression" In 1874, the first Impressionist exhibition in Paris, Daguerre back at the studio. By Monet called "impression" of the works in this exhibition, while critics accused was received, said, "Impressionism," since the name is derived. Photographic technologies, like photography, paintings to become worthless, compared to written materials how to describe how the written description of the material on the "impression" become important, there are many features of painting techniques similar to photography. Fo Meier Lunbu Lang and the aforementioned two works, the correct reflection of the optical because of the introduction of scientific methods of transition; I think Impressionist light on the "color" has also adopted scientific methods. Of course, Lunbu Lang and Fo Meier's artistic style and performance are the basis for all this.
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Terminology
SLR - Single Lens Reflex means that the slr - single lens reflex. In such systems, mirrors and prisms unique design allows the photographer directly from the viewfinder image seen through the lens. Construction of single-lens reflex camera can see the figure, the light reaches the mirror through the lens, the refraction and focusing screen to form the above images, and five through the eyepiece prism, we can see in the viewfinder outside interest. Shooting, when you press the shutter button, the mirror will pop up, film it in front of the shutter curtain open at a time, through the lens of the light (image) will be projected onto the photosensitive film on the film, and later restored as soon as the mirror the status quo can be seen again in the viewfinder image. Single-lens reflex camera this structure, to determine that it is shot entirely through the lens, it can see the viewfinder image and the film are always the same, it's the actual shooting range shooting range and essentially the same level as the elimination of the side-axis camera viewfinder parallax phenomenon, learning photography from the point of view, very beneficial to visually framing. Single-lens reflex camera is a great feature is the ability to exchange lenses of different specifications Focus - the formation of the parallel light through the lens of the image point Focus - the focus of the lens from the distance from the center Function and role of focal length: Focal length and image size is proportional to focal length, imaging the greater the shorter focal length, image smaller. Lens focal length inversely proportional to the length and angle of view, focal length, angle of view smaller, shorter focal length, King angle. Focal length is inversely proportional to the length and depth of field, focal length the depth of field smaller, shorter focal length, the greater depth of field. Focal length is inversely proportional to the strength and sense of perspective, focal length, the weaker sense of perspective, the shorter focal length, the stronger the sense of perspective. Focal length is inversely proportional to the length and contrast, the smaller the focal length contrast, the shorter the focal length the greater the contrast. Focal length, image distance and object distance relationship Lens basic formula: Gaussian imaging formula of 1 / f = 1 / u +1 / v f - focal length, u - object distance, v - image distance Relative aperture - the aperture diameter and focal length ratio, calculated with the effective aperture of the same n '= d' / f Aperture - the lens maximum diameter of one pupil ratio and the focal length of n = d / f Depth of Field Focus to a landscape photography, landscape before and after the formation of a clear zone, the clear zone known as the panorama of deep, short depth of field. Use of large aperture, small depth of field Use a small aperture, large depth of field Object distance is small, the small depth of field Using wide-angle mirrors, large depth of field Determine the depth of field of three basic factors: Aperture size and depth of field is inversely proportional to the aperture, the larger the aperture, depth of field is smaller. Focal length focal length is inversely proportional to the length and depth of field, focal length the greater the depth of field is smaller. Object from the object distance is proportional to the size and depth of field, the greater the object distance, the greater depth of field. Like the deep depth of field and Like the deep - the depth of field before the world community and the depth of field, respectively, after the imaging plane conjugate to the distance between the two. Like the deep depth of field corresponds with, such as the greater depth, the greater depth of field. Determine the depth of the standards: 135 camera allows the fuzzy circle diameter is generally 1 / 30 mm, ie 0.033 mm. Super Focus: When the lens is focused at infinity, the infinity of the landscape in the form clear images, while a point in a limited range of objects can also be reached on clear standards, close to the object to this blurred, then the object to The distance between the lens focal length is over. Hyperfocal greater depth of field is smaller. The larger the aperture, focal length ultra larger aperture to open a large one, over 0.5 times the focal length to increase. . Focal length, super focus will be. Try: If a super-aperture focal length of 10 meters, the focus at 10 meters, the depth of 5 m ~ ∞, the depth increase of 1 / 2 Ultra-focus, which is 5 meters. Hyperfocal depth of field can be used to move different distances within the body are clearly 抢拍 down, without having to focus time. Brightness The size of the lens brightness is the amount of flux Chase-caliber light volume, brightness to large, small brightness contrast Transparency coefficient of the size of the aperture ratio is calculated by The size is to determine the brightness of the light exposure is one important factor Field curvature In a flat image plane, image clarity changes from the center outward, focus formation of arc, is called field curvature. The reason is away from the center of the lens near the lens away from the surrounding General picture group portraits, arranged in a curved, that is, to correct this shortcoming Two fire shutter First step, neutral press the shutter button half; second press in the end, before opening the shutter Shake it to prevent and reduce the time difference between pressing the shutter, and can avoid the error touch the shutter button, resulting in waste. No two fires the camera shutter, the shutter button the following error touch to a waste of a film. Reflector Too bright reflective foil, folding method can be used to make reflective scattering soft; With white reflectors also called soft; Whitewashed with white paint reflectors, reflective effect lose color easily. Soft board In between the sun and the subject matter, with a white thin plastic sheeting, nylon, etc., can be a soft light and reduce contrast. Umbrella Umbrella and the general appearance of the same umbrella. Umbrella inside is silver white, reflective ability. Use an umbrella when placed in the head can change the angle. Bright light exposure with the umbrella, the scattering of the light is very soft, light shade is also , is the ideal source. close-up portraits, the light from the stimulus, the most suitable for shooting portraits and still lifes. Decorative Light Decorative light eyes mainly play light, using a small lamp. Or in other species reach the place of light, detail enhance brightness, texture and profile performance. Also use this light to eliminate characters facial defects, such as the thin The face appears more plump. Old age Refers to a camera. Usually we mostly use the lens membrane coating, as is the AR coating, so less reflective, so the lens appears to be lavender. And we are saying is that there is no plating film camera, so the more reflective, it seems suffused with white, so called old age. Sensitivity The speed of light-sensitive photographic materials that level. Sensitivity of the unit with the "degree" or "fixed" to mean, such as "iso100/21" said the speed was 100 degrees / 21 film _set_. The higher sensitivity, more sensitive film (shot in the same environment that is normally required for photo shoot with less light, which showed higher shutter can be used or smaller aperture.) 200 degree photographic film film sensitivity is 2 times 100 degrees, 400 degrees is 200 degrees the sensitivity of the film 2 times the film, the rest and so on. Color temperature Contained a variety of different colors of light known as the "color temperature." Color temperature of the unit is "k" (Kelvin). We usually used in color negative film that can adapt to daylight color temperature is 5400k-5600k; light type a type, b-type that can adapt to the color temperature was 3400k and 3200k. Therefore, we must according to the subject, the environment to _select_ different types of film, otherwise there will be color cast phenomenon (except with color temperature correction filters.) Exposure Light reaches the film surface so that the process of photographic film. Must be noted that, we say that the exposure is the Film, which is necessary for us to get through a photo process. This non-professionals call "exposure" very different from what they call "exposure" refers to the film due to the disallowance of the camera light leak caused an accident. Relative aperture Effective aperture lens (beam diameter) and the ratio of focal length. The greater the relative aperture, the lens becomes "fast." If 1:2.8,1:3.5-4.5 and so on. In the zoom lens, in general, the relative aperture professional lens is called a fixed lens, the relative aperture is not fixed, but the relative aperture of the lens, said in 1:2.8-1:4 prevail between the professional camera, the other is called the universal type lens. Combined exposure Is taken in the same environment can use different combinations of aperture and shutter. For example, using light meter measured the shutter to 1 / 30 sec, Aperture 5.6 application, so, f5.6, 1 / 30 秒 is an exposure combination. We also use f4 and 1 / 60 sec instead of the exposure combinations (two equivalent), can also be used f2.8 and 1 / 125 second exposure portfolio instead. That is, these combinations are equivalent. But we especially want to note that, although the combination of these is equivalent to the exposure, that exposure is accurate, but received different combinations of depth of field is different. Shutter speed Shutter open time. It refers to the time the film swept the light (exposure time). For example, the "1 / 30" refers to the exposure time is 1 / 30 seconds, the same, "1 / 60" refers to the exposure time is 1 / 60 sec, 1 / 60 second shutter is 1 / 30 second shutter speed twice the rest and so on.
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Photo light
Four main characteristics of the light - the light's intensity, the nature of light, light direction, light color. We mainly talk about the direction of the light, that is, we often say that the smooth light, side light, backlight, top lighting. 1, which is a smooth lighting effect of the level of a light, it is not used to shoot the subject of three-dimensional sense of depth and space, the lack of anger. 2, a significant improvement in side light illumination, showing the subject of the legislation have a sense of shading and surface texture, it is more in line with people's normal visual habits, so in photography is widely used. 3, the backlight illumination which can outline the shape of the object, so that distinguishable from the background. The shape of the object edge of the bright bright line, able to render the atmosphere to express, a rich and vibrant images. 4, top lighting effects so that the screen takes on a hot feeling in the people's eyes, nose and chin caused by strong projection, the image of the characters plays a smear effect.
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Advertising Photography
Advertising photography is a commodity as the main subject of a photography, by reflecting the shape of goods, structures, performance, color and use characteristics, which led to customers desire to buy. Advertising photography is to disseminate product information, an important means to promote the circulation of commodities. With the continuous development of commodity economy, advertising is not purely commercial activity, it has become a mirror of real life and become an important means of advertising communication and media. 】 【Underwater photography Television trick photography (like) one of the methods, that is, underwater photography (like). Photography (like) those carrying the protective cover of the photo (like) machine and diving equipment, shooting directly into the water. Underwater photography (like) can be a true reflection of the underwater scene, water plant and animal life, sea and river bed of the geological data, archaeological discovery. Underwater photography (as) in scientific research, military technology, sports, teaching the application is wide. Photographers and camera into the water way to the scene shot in the water. Photographers wearing a diving suit, wearing a duck breast leg, control underwater camera shot, you can also photographers and ordinary camera on the diving equipment taken by sealing windows. Deep underwater, have underwater lighting lighting. Can also dive underwater cameras, photographers at the surface of the water above, a remote camera. 】 【Documentary photography Documentary photography (documentary photography) photographic record of social life, and the simple difference is that photographic records will be taken to the contents of the strong appeal to the nature of the people the meaning of the individual reports. Documentary photography show concern for photographers on the environment, respect for life, the pursuit of human nature ... ... documentary photographer to record the cold edge of the machine vision or who intentionally or unintentionally, "ignore" the fact that it often through the image power of photography as a tool in transforming society. Social documentary photography from the background and history took place did not _set_ out to see, it goes without saying that critical and revolutionary dry. History is a product of documentary photography photographer injustices of this world, darkness, chaos, Su-cut ... ... the recording, presentation and dissemination of history. Link to images, they reach the propaganda, thus promoting social change, to make world a better purpose.
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World-renowned photography contest
Pulitzer Prize for news photography Start the Pulitzer Prize in 1917 by the famous American journalist Joseph Pulitzer was founded, is divided into journalism awards and Culture and the Arts. Pulitzer after death intestate, the property donated to Columbia University, the establishment of the Pulitzer Prize, awards press, literature, music of the great people, since the prize awarded annually since 1917. 85 years, the Pulitzer Prize symbolizes the writing of America's most responsible and the most beautiful language. Journalism Award in particular, is the highest honor the American press. Every hope something all American journalists as the Pulitzer Prize for goal. Pulitzer Prize judges were accomplished by the journalists. Winners of the year review by the judges, the _select_ion, but the results are to be _select_ed by the Columbia University Advisory Board and announced by the president of Columbia University. The first Pulitzer Prize for photography was awarded in 1942. Since then, with the exception of 1946, the awarded annually. Since 1968, photography, news photography category added a special award winners are usually formed by a group of photos. Pulitzer Prize winning photography of great significance. Many Americans are impressed many major events is the Pulitzer Prize winning photo from the current year form. In fact, many Americans first saw them through the memories of these images are doing to write their life. World Press Photo Contest World Press Photo Contest (wpp), also known as Jose, is three from the Netherlands in 1956 initiated the creation of the Foundation for photographers supported the foundation's mission is: "In the world-wide cause and increase awareness of news photography widespread interest in, disseminating information and enhancing international understanding. " Four decades, the scale of World Press Photo competition is increasing, up to now, dozens of countries each year, nearly ten thousand pieces of entries, competition will develop to 9 class of 19, is the most extensive in the world, the most representative and authority of news photography contest. Jose, is also often an additional annual special awards, such as "the Hungarian Liszt Prize", "Kabbah ng Oscar Award". Jose, the diversity of topics to entries and winning photos will not only basic covers major events each year, but also deep into human daily life, it works the times has become a human and historical evidence. Hasselblad International Photography Award Hasselblad Dianna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation, donated by the estate established in 1979. The foundation's mission is to promote the field of natural sciences and photography science education and research. Each year the Foundation funded many projects, one of which is the annual International Photography Hasselblad Award. In 1989, the Foundation was established in Gothenburg, Sweden, opened to the public Hasselblad Center of Photography (Hasselblad Center), the Center has organized a series of exhibitions and speaking engagements. It is worth mentioning that, the center also has a photo for researchers and students in research and reference library, a collection including the previous Hasselblad International Photography Award Winners, including the rich picture. Hasselblad International Photography Award was founded in 1980, has now evolved into an important international photography events photography, the main purpose is to reward "a photographer recognized the primary achievements." The award by the influential group of international photographers and senior experts recommend three candidates, the final winner by the Hasselblad Foundation Board of Directors _select_ed from three candidates. 】 【Pingyao International Photography Festival Shanxi is one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization, known as "Chinese Ancient Architecture Museum", "treasure house of ancient Chinese art", has been included in the national key cultural relics have 119 units, ranking first in the country. Pingyao is a historical and cultural city in China, is the only one listed as a World Heritage city of Han Nationality, the ancient city wall of Pingyao was built in the Western Zhou Dynasty, has been almost three thousand years of history, is now basically building walls to keep the first in the early Ming original appearance. In addition to the walls, the entire city by the city pool, ancient streets, ancient buildings, comprising a large number of ticket number, martial arts, pawn shops, stores, and many well-preserved 400 ancient courtyard houses. In 2001, the Ministry of Culture, the State Council Information Office and the Shanxi provincial government's strong support for the first time creating a "Pingyao International Photography Festival" operate in full accordance with international norms, domestic and international standards, traditional and modern interactive so that the unique style of the ancient city of Pingyao, the ancient folk customs and activities of a variety of photographic mapping cross to escape, at home and abroad the unexpected sensation. Therefore, the approval of the Ministry of Culture, the committee decided in September 2002 15-22 continue to organize the event. 2002 Pingyao International Photography Festival attracted participants from France, the United States, Spain, Denmark, Russia, Italy, Belgium, Japan, Korea and other countries exhibiting a well-known photographer, who exhibited in 18 group exhibitions all 30 first time , in China. Domestic photography group exhibition of 65 of 33 overall, highlighted the "Century China" theme, from the exhibition on display some of the thousands of pieces of fine _select_ed works, edited into a book, to record this glorious moment.
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Introduction
Original photography Ma Donghui Sina blog finally let you fly Photography is the use of some specialized equipment for image recording process, generally we use the mechanical camera or digital camera photography. Sometimes photographers will also be known as the camera, that is, the light reflected by an object so that the process of photographic media exposure. Photography Photography is the English word comes from the Greek φως phos (light) and γραφις graphis (painting, drawing) or γραφη graphê, with the word meaning "drawing with light." Refers to the use of certain specialized equipment for image recording process, generally we use the mechanical camera or digital camera to photography. Sometimes photographers will also be known as the camera, that is, the light reflected by an object so that the process of photographic media exposure. Some people said a brilliant language: the ability of photographers to the daily life of ordinary things fleeting visual images into immortality. Generally referred to as the photography, that is, a camera, the image in film, print film into a single photo, a Zhang Zuoyong long preserved. But the photo image is not moving, silent, only for people watching their characters, mood, and then understand its meaning. Today the world still had a picture of the earliest can be traced to 1827, from the French Fournier Joseph Phillips ‧ hand.
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Categories
Photographic records The reason why the birth of photography, that is, for the record. It is displayed after the birth of the great vitality, but also precisely because of its record. This is the other technology or art can not be compared or replaced. Therefore, broadly speaking, photography is the record. Art Photography With the development of photography, people continue to increase in the photography art elements, began to produce art of photography. It is the difference between photography and artistic record of the number and level, without the absolute limit. For example: we went to take a picture for ID card or Liugejinian, general studio photographs, information or record up to a bit value. However, Mr. Zheng Jingkang to shoot portraits, Mr. Qi, 50 years later, is still the world's twenty one of the best portraits. The difference depends entirely on the artistic level. Painting Photography Holography Holography is a record of the subject is reflected wave amplitude and phase, and all other information about the new photographic technology. Ordinary photography is to record the object plane intensity distribution, it can not record the object phase information of reflected light, thus losing the three-dimensional. Holography using laser as light source and light emitted light into two beams, a beam directly at Gan Guangpian, another bunch of reflection by the subject matter after the shooting at the Gan Guangpian. Two beams of light generated in the Gan Guangpian superimposed interference points on the photographic photosensitive film not only with the intensity level of the two beams with the phase relations are different. So not only records the holographic reflective intensity on the object, but also records the phase information. Directly to the human eye to see such a photosensitive film, only to see the same interference fringes as the fingerprint, but if it is irradiated with a laser to the human eye can see through the film was shooting the original three-dimensional objects in exactly the same as . A holographic image even left with only a small portion can still reproduce all the features. Holography can be used in industry for nondestructive testing, ultrasonic holography, holographic microscopy, holographic memory, holographic film and television, and many other aspects. 1. Painting, photography Doctrine Painting, photography doctrine photography popular in the early 20th century a school of art, it produces in the mid-nineteenth century England. The photographer sent the pursuit of painting in the creative effects, or "poetic" realm. It has gone through the following three stages: imitation painting stage; advocating song Ya stage; Painting stage. Marxist photographer painting made, "should produce photography and photographic Ti Cian Raphael." 1857, OG Leyland (1813-1875) created a spell by the release of more than 30 exposures made with a Renaissance-style works: two ways of life, marking the painting art photography mature doctrine. Works of this period, most of its rich religious subject matter, with certain degree of regulation metaphorical. Shooting, lay the draft notice, and then use models, props, scenes of organizations and arrangements, and through the darkroom processing. The pursuit of photo screen painting effects. Subsequently, the painting has expanded the content of Marxist photography, but still advocates the classical style, shape and composition remain the law of academic, which appears to savings, Shen tables, and elegant. When the school to the Painting stage of development, the pursuit of works of emotion, mood and form of the United States, is still its features. Since painting artistic accomplishment doctrine photographer stressed: "If you want to make standing in art photography, photographers must first cultivate aesthetic capacity and implementation of arts education accomplishment." Therefore, its historical contribution is to photography from the early mechanical depict objects directed to the field of plastic arts, to promote the photographic arts. Most of the paintings from the doctrine of creation in real life, coupled with the growing improvement of photographic equipment, it is interesting as early as the continuous development of the United States for the "natural" by the impact. Despite this, in today's photographic art galleries, there are still its seats. The school's principal photographer and works include: Pleasant on (? -1896) Of the Baron of the feast, Robinson Crusoe, pagoda scene; Luobin Lin's work is done when the time of the day, fall, two little girls, dying , holding a bottle of poison Juliet, dawn and sun_set_; Leyland baptism of the first glow of those covenants, Yifei Virginia, gifted and 荷罗佛尼斯 Dieter; Ms. Jin Malun (1815-1897) and Thomas Carlyle and Trinidad (1820-1910) of the dying of the clamor and Russia and so on. 2. Impressionist photography In 1899, the British organized a French impressionist painting, the first exhibition. Robinson photographer painting faction under its influence, that "soft tone sharp photography photography more beautiful than the" aesthetic standards, promote "soft tone" photography. The genre of painting in the Impressionist art in photography reflection. At first, they use soft focus lens for filming, Bu Wenzhi printing photos, the pursuit of artistic expression of a blurred effect. With the "wash silver bromide phase" and in the pigment mixed with gum dichromate method to wash the emergence of paper, Impressionist works from the control of the development of imaging lens to the darkroom processing. They proposed "to make work looks completely like photos," and that "if there is no painting, there is no real photography." In this theory under the guidance of impressionist photographers also with a brush, pencil, eraser on the screen in the photo processing, specifically to change its original brightness changes, the pursuit of "painting" effect, such as La Roja created in 1900 The "sweep the park people," is like a painting on canvas charcoal. Impressionist works of photographers to make their own art of photography has completely lost its own characteristics, so some people took it as "imitation of Painting." Painting, photography can say it is a branch of Marxism. The art of this genre is characterized by gloomy tone, shadow patterns rough, full of decorative, but lack the sense of space. Its well-known photographer with Duma Xi (? -1937), General about (1857-1933), Qiu Yan (1866-1944), Vacek (1848-1903), brother Hoffmeister (1868-1943; 1871-1937), Toure Clain (1848-1918), Ephron Stewart (1874-1948), Mizun months (1870-1943), Xin swallow (1863-1908), Church Lane (1861-1947), etc. . 3. Candid shots Photo-realistic genre of photography is a long, stretches so far, is still the basic art of photography, the main genre. It is a creative method of realism in art in photography reflection. The earliest realistic photography hobby when pushed British photographer Philip Delamotte who in 1853 shot a documentary collodion. Later, the field is a Luo Sifen Dayton photography and the late sixties, William Jackson, Yellowstone wonders. 1870, photo-realistic maturing society began to shift the lens to shift life. If the photographer was shot 巴纳多博士 to the plight of street children, and shocked the people. As photo-realistic love the enormous and extraordinary understanding of the role of the appeal, and gradually occupy the field of information their position. Amigo nineties American photographer living in Brisbane on the New York slums, those who work in this area is the foundation works. Subsequently, the realistic talented photographer, works both for its strong and deep nature of reality is known in the history of photography. For example, the United Kingdom Bo Lande's "pick up those coal"; U.S. R · Capa's "pass it the first French woman to be shaved through the streets"; French Weiss's "girl" and so many others. 4. Naturalistic Photography Thus, this art advocate, is the reactionary doctrine of painting, it encourages people to photography from the School in shackles, to give full play to promote the role of photography has its own characteristics. The subject matter of this genre, mostly natural scenery and social life. Satisfied with the naturalistic description of photographic reality and the reality of the surface details of the "absolute" truth, while ignoring the real nature of the mining and refining on the surface of objects, words, pay no attention to the stylized art and artistic image of the typical, Thus, it is essentially the vulgar realism. Sometimes lead to a distortion of reality. This school has well-known photographer Apartment Office (1856-1930), Weier Qin Xun (1857-1921), Geer (? -1906), Scratch Jesus (1856 -?), Sutcliffe (1859-1940 ) and so on. 5. Purists photography Coban overlooking the display show that in 1913 New York, is pure camp in the works. Photographer in New York from above a square, although there is no processing, modification, but the novel's composition, unique style and refreshing, another example, Stein E Sandberg, K Cheng, with repeated exposure is approach, the single pieces of work space, time constraints, in a delicate picture depicts the poet emotional conversion, the combination of tone and composition changes, most rhythm. From a certain point of view, some purists and creative ideas of formalism and naturalism is the "bastard", then the derivative into a "new doctrine that matter." But the genre to some extent people have contributed to the performance characteristics and skills of photography to explore and research. Well-known photographer of this genre is the Strand (1890 -?) And the F64 group photographer photographic organizations, such as Adams, Cunningham and so on. Purists later works are to lines, patterns and distorted image of the abstract aspects of development, the influential photographer is Yabo, Shiding Na, history, culture and Evans off so special. 6. New photo that materialism The materialism of new photography called "disposable photography", "new realism photography." Twenties of this century the emergence of a photography school of art. The genre is characterized by the art in search of things in common, "the United States." With a close-up, close-up and other techniques to bring the subject from the whole "separation" out, highlighted the performance of the object of a detailed, accurate and truthfully describe the structure of its surface to achieve the matter are both trademarks eyes and ears of the visual effects. It does not take into account the nature of art is to suggest the nature of the object, so its aesthetics are naturalistic areas. For example, the photographer Pa Qiu taken in the 1923's rotary engine is to use close-up technique, the performance of the rotary engine running state, because the screen and thus abandon the other details to give the audience a strong visual impression. New pioneer in the theory of materialism is the Strand, he was the artistic features of materialism provides as follows: "The new materialism but that is the essence of photography, and is the product of photography and boundaries." He believes that photography " strong performance of life, and the need to observe the right things in the eye. To do this, not based on a perfunctory process and method of operation, but must use pure photography right. "new creation is a pioneer in photographic materialism is a Ah Jay and Steichen. The actual founder of the Church above par. Pa Qiu against photography depends on the painting, he stressed the need to rely on photography, photography art its own characteristics, that the aesthetic value of photography features hidden in their own, only give full play to its own characteristics of photography to create the United States, he said: "The painting should be lightly by the artist to paint, only according to the inherent characteristics, can create self-photography can be, nothing is borrowed from the paintings. " New photographers that materialism is to promote awareness of the merits of photography and exploration of its characteristics, the photography from the illusory world of aesthetic back to real life in the past. However, too much emphasis on the detailed physical description of surface structure, for the later abstract photography provided a germination of soil. Before and after 1925 due to a large caliber small camera, the new field of the physical manifestations of a new development, resulting in a lot of portrait work and the social life and natural beauty of the works. The new materialism that has a well-known photographer Sander (1876-1964), Le Siji (1871-1956), black GE (1893-1955), Xier Xia (1881-1948) Hugh Limanhuopei (1878 -?), Ai Fute (1874-1948), Wisconsin swallow Adams (? -1902) and so on. 7. Surrealist photography Surrealism Dada photographer during the decline seen in the field of photography as a genre, the rise in the thirties of this century. The schools have a more rigorous program of art and art theory. They believe that with creative methods to realistic real-world performance of classical artists have already completed the task, but the modern artist's mission is to tap new and has not been explored that part of the human "spirit world." Thus, the human subconscious activities, occasional inspiration, dreams will become a psychopathic and surrealist photographer who made a special object. Surrealist photography is also the same as the Dada photographer, using scissors, paste, darkroom techniques as their primary means of modeling, scene in the works will be piling up the screen, put together, reorganization, the details of specific performance and any exaggeration, distortion, omission and symbolic way together to create a real and imagined, between the concrete and abstract surreal "art realm." So the effect is strange, absurd and mysterious. The genre is a British photographer, founder of Dayton and the United States of silk cloth to stay Quayle (1880-1945). Who actually completed the stage for the British photographer Mark Bin (1905 -?), In his own creation, the "super-reality" in virtual reality and reality blend together, creating a realm of both fantasy and reality. For example, he created in 1946, "Mark Bin's self-portrait" is a very typical surrealistic works, it is the use of four exposures taken out of the way - one positive, two side and one eye . The school has a well-known photographer in the Surrealist painter Pal Khan photo gallery; deformation of the body photographer Brent; portrait photographer and publicity, and Bruce Blumenthal Carson, Lorraine, Hal Mann, according to Lai, et al. 8. Abstract photography Abstract photography as a World War I, the emergence of a photography school. The schools of the plastic arts is a photographer can examine the negative image of the art to reflect life, performance artists of the basic characteristics of aesthetic experience, claiming that photography should "liberate from the photo in." Beginning of abstract photography are as Taier Bo (1800-1877). Initially, the screen still maintain a certain level of work the identifiable. To 1917 photographer Cobain (1882 -?) And transparent glass with a wood shot, "Bordeaux Illustrated" had not completely legible. 1922, Hungary 莫荷利纳基 abstract painter (1895 -?) In Manrui (1890 -?) And others to be developed on the basis, and theoretically to be established. Subsequently, the abstract painter Kandinsky, Koehler, the introduction of a microscopic photography and X-ray photography, which greatly expanded the scope of the performance of abstract photography has enriched the language of photography, _set_ up their own art system, and became popular in Europe and other countries. Representatives of the genre, in addition to those mentioned in the text, there Shige Te, Fenning Ge, On real rand, Folai Tai, temperature gap Manchester, Georgia met with Pakistan, XIA and cloth left Quill and so on. 9. Worthy of the school photography Worthy of the camp after World War I the rise of photography, painting doctrine against a major photographic genre of photography. The school photographer for respect of their properties photography, emphasizing the real, natural, advocates shooting without mercy, non-interference in the object, to promote the state of nature capture the moment the subject of modality. French famous "worthy" to send photographers Hengli Ka Di Erbuliesong said: "For me, photography is a moment in time to put the significance of an event and can really express this event accurate record of the organizational form. "which features the art of this genre is the objective, real, natural, friendly, casual, do not do cut and polish, vivid and full of life. "Worthy of the" faction of the photographer, aesthetics and creativity of its tendency, the situation is more complicated, although they are humane performance of the world state, and most of them engaged in news photography, but there is a natural advocates, some of those for the realism. Birth of this genre is the 1893 work of photographer Alfred Stiglitz's "Winter of Fifth Avenue in New York," while those who actually completed the German photographer is Paramount Dr. Eli Shamir . He used a small camera in a German-French Prime Minister end of the meeting held on the night shot "Roman political conference", because of its lively, authentic, simple, natural, and to become crowned the genre classics of photographic history. Aesthetic in photography, they think of "the basic characteristics of photography-based pictures of the house of the artist or etching can not imitate, it has its own integral I, has its own particular expressive power, or even with other media characteristics can not be shown. " Secondly, the performance of objective things, they stressed the importance and originality, said: "(photographer to use) their own point of view of the world, do not look at the world through the eyes of others, which is the distinction between mediocre or brilliant photos , the standard of value or no value. " The school has well-known photographer Thomas Road 韦尔麦阿沃 by the United States; UK 茜莉特摩戴尔; French doors Victor Huff; and Louise Dahl Wolf, Peter Starr Kebierbu Lu Weiqi and so on. 10. "Dada" Photo "Dada" in Europe during the First World War as a literary theory. "Dada", a French children's language, "pony" or "hobby horse" is not consistent vocabulary. Dada artists for denial in the creation of rational and traditional culture, art and aesthetics missed declared in favor of "abandoned painting and all the aesthetic requirements", advocating nothing, so the creative process almost joking, so people to the school of art called "Dada faction. " Under the influence in this art, photography, art has also produced the "Dada." Hal Mann, a famous photographer, had created a Mona Lisa, her eyes full of hand here not only became red with rage suddenly, fine hair clusters, but also full of money. Be described as absurd, neither fish nor fowl. Dada artists, creative photography, darkroom techniques are mostly used for editing process, to create a fantasy scene to express their ideas. For example, the Leda and the Swan LM Kea, the story of a beautiful Greek mythology, treated as some kind of weird obscure, elusive combination of images and lines. In the screen, the image is no longer visible the significance of its own existence, but only a constituent element of ideas. Series also means to use the scissors, so that flock to Niagara Falls, New York, created a shortage of doomsday Liu Kang Min scene. Dada art photography as it does not meet the general aesthetic taste and aesthetic requirements, since 1924 have gradually been more specific, the art of tofu and a complete program of surrealist art school impact. But its effects can still occur in the future a glimpse of the art of modern photography. Dada has a well-known photographer Philip Hall Mann, Morgan, 拉茨罗摩荷 Lina Ji and Ellis turkey and so on. 11. Subjective photography Photography is a subjective formed after the Second World War more than abstract photography "abstract" art school of photography, it is also called "post-war faction." Evolution of the Western world body photography art history, in Greece and the European Renaissance there have been a brilliant period of body art, followed by the birth of photography, after the initial representation of the shocking reality of artistic expression, the full exploration spirit and creativity of the photographer began to break through into the human body photography. 1857 Swedish photographer, and later stay in the UK Leida Lan, shooting a picture in the history of photography regarded as a classic of the "two roads of life", this piece of plot is rich in images of the scene voluminous, the use of a large number of human works on the theme concept of good to punish evil, as the center of white coming from the elderly, people on both sides of the two groups reflects two different moral values, ideals and life history of life. On the left that diligent, friendly, progressive, right, said greed, pleasure and vice. Shared more than 30 exposures clips from collage to enlarge. It would have been a very imaginative and pioneering the art of positive, has also been appreciated at the time of Queen Victoria. Held in Manchester important works of plastic arts exhibition for the emerging art of photography has won a high reputation. But it has also been a few attacks, it spent so many naked women, attitude rough Yin Mei, the flow in the sex and so on. Visible at all times, body art no matter how positive or ideological significance of the art of clever processing, will be subject to criticism and attack some people, I am afraid this has become a regular respond. In any case, they can not shade blocking the development of the human body art of photography. After painting the sky following the doctrine impressionistic photography photography pioneer Mrs. Cameron, in addition to celebrity portraits in the fruitful, but according to Greek mythology, Bible stories and themes of the photographs taken, many children in the human body photos. The human body is an early photographer of children are obsessed with the subject matter. Frank Sutcliffe shot "water rat" (1886 photo) has great significance, mainly out of his first studio, rehearsal out of the story based on myths, models dressed in the rigid model creation, to the earth, to the natural . Evening, a small river, the sun_set_ afterglow to a group of kids playing in the water, whole body shone bright, the water not only the ankle, they or squatting or sitting, or supine, or sideways, and some overlooking the distant shore of the smoky mining derrick, and some whisper to each other. In the background before the industrial age, in the real world of nature to demonstrate the child's interest and their lively vigorous, tender body posture, and children the customs and the human body rub together, so that works Conceiving with rich connotations. 19th century, Kang Manrui C · Puyou shot "models", there is the history of photography the most strict sense of the standard body photography. Standing female model, Weice the back, two arms stretched out, one high and one low, Yiqiang standing beside the bed clothes oblique, the lower right corner of the soft shoes, and back walls of some of the frame, this layout and attitude seem to be affected by the painting, but have not become truly human work is photography. To 30 years of this century, the world body photography to mature, different styles and genres, a variety of forms, meaning preparation tools, an impressive, lush developed an important historical period. This period is representative of the photographer: Weston (Edward Weston): 1924 ~ 1925, he was to contribute to the art of photography Buckingham won the prize, creating desires, and subject matter greatly expanded, more active creative time, shooting a series of human body works. He once said: "I do not take pictures in advance to good posture," the image of life, the beauty inherent in the human body and some touching gesture before he moved into the shooting. As September 1923, he wrote in his diary in Mexico City: "There is captivating the sun, surface structure, texture and interesting white walls, and a variety of cloud, alone enough to me a lot of these have worked tirelessly to take months, took endless subject matter. "until July 9, 1924, in his diary begins by shouting:" the clouds once again tempted me ... ... what else than the form of clouds the United States to escape my camera to capture! ... ... Indeed, my eyes and thoughts towards the sky, and when I glance down to the eye, I saw Taina Azotea lying naked on the sun, my work will be the end of the cloud . I turned the camera a more realistic theme, and get very interesting negative success. "Here, Weston said his body photography simple and creative thinking, but also outlined his basic photographic art of human nature, that is, full of rich flavor of life and very beautiful form of beauty. By Man Ray as a symbol, the human body through the traditional photography, painting doctrine, and even life of the development phase, into the modernist art performance stage. Photography has been satisfied with the existing paint off the body in the United States, and more in pursuit of their own subjective feelings. Through photography and art photography, technical skills, to their own unique instant impression of the depths of his own aesthetic ideal heart outside the body into a vivid image. Britain has been lower in early to shoot the suffering of working people living photographer, known for Brent, he later maintained the original's unique rugged beauty of the natural rustic beauty, strong contrast, coarse particles of style characteristics, but instead take on the subject matter the female body, sui generis, unique style. Brent homes without modern high-precision photographic equipment, use old worn burnished mahogany made of "Eagle Eye" Kodak cameras. The cameras are indeed "old-fashioned" and "master machine", it does not shutter, the focus is fixed, only the eye of a needle aperture size, depth of field is short, very easy to shape. Development Brandt neither nostalgia nor whim, he is easily deformed to take advantage of the characteristics of the lens, creating surreal beauty of the human body photography. We can easily find the artistic ingenuity of Brent did receive the expected results. His clever use of the human body as a special technique, or highlight arms, legs or prominent, or prominent chest, or highlight the face, as well, or highlight the hands, feet, or highlight, the real long on camera angle on the human body, multi-perspective look, the expansion of wealth the beauty of the human body photography. Blunt body art, including paintings by world photography, literature, photography affirmation of photography is unique in the human body, renowned in the world. Western human photography trend is very clear. In the tradition of the human development of conventional photography, but also expressed a strong subjective feelings of popular, modern photographic language, creating a variety of genres, styles of work, and even appeared abnormal, cutting, restructuring, mysterious, absurd, ugly mood. Jerry Yu Mann as symbolic of the human body photography, Roger Mai Ding's "arbitrary body," Todd Park nest shape of the original huge body photography, 罗伯特亨内斯 Chin and Kai Desu * Ekehama cutting restructuring and other body photography, 李思丽克罗娜 Sri Lanka fantastic meaning of human photography and Nimda, Hong Norwich Road, Chelsea, etc. Niemi has sexiest human photography. China Eastern culture and the human body photography To sum up, the same as the background of oriental culture, Japan and other countries human photography, there are also two very different artistic tendencies - one tried to make it and the oriental culture, the culture, creating a distinctive feature of the human body photography One is cynical and Western culture, Western culture, to create a strong personality prominent human photography. Both have their authors and readers, audiences can go hand in hand, each to develop. Its characteristics are: A picture of "concrete" and "abstract" form of the two regardless of shape, self-concept's performance is its ultimate goal. Picture of the photographer is all just self-expression "carrier" only. 2 features full use of the lens perspective, the subject from reality, "stripping" out, "shift" to the screen up, - that the use of certain optical properties of the lens, the objective to transform objects, making ideas "materialized body", which combined into the screen to create their own "world." This world is often absurd, mystical, or a hundred people can not comprehend the. 3 by means of clear and strong close-up to strengthen and highlight the performance of a detailed form of objects. 4 the use of darkroom techniques to enrich the subject the original tone simplify the natural, ordinary relationships into strong visual relationship. 5 by the exposure means (such as multiple exposure, continuous flash), so the concept of the subject separate from the time, and dynamically position the concept of time and space to be swapped. In addition to its well-known photographer Ott, Stan Bennett, there Jieshimoer, Xiaofanoukan, Lan Peien, 莫弗克尔特 and so on.
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Representative
Daguerre and the Photo Gallery Louis Jacques Mount Daidagaier in 1854 he opened his own photography museum, to the form of 1860 into salons, photography museum in Daguerre had a considerable number of celebrity photography, such as Alexandre Dumas French writer Victor Hugo, Victor Marie, who were both filmed portrait. Was also successfully taken from a hot air balloon to the city of Paris, was also "ironic", said: "Daguerre to the art of photography to a high degree of sublimation!." From a holistic point of view, the emergence of photography in the painting industry in the past made a lot of unemployed people, and people begin to engage a large number of amendments to photography, color and other industries. The most practical question is: a considerable number of artists will take into account, similar paintings photography will lose their commercial - part of the work has value as a work of art, of course, when the trend from a social point of view, it can say so . Therefore, Claude Monet (Claude Monet 1840-1926) began to appear as the representative of Impressionism. Photographer Daguerre's studio began as a salon all artists can be said that painting the impression that from here on stage. 【Photo】 Glossary 1. What is the ae lock? AE Automatic Exposure is the abbreviation for automatic exposure control device, ae ae lock is locked to a particular _set_ for automatic exposure control human exposure to ensure that the main exposure of normal. Ae locks with a few points to note: 1, self-timer can not manually or use automatic exposure (ae) lock. 2, press the auto-exposure (ae) after the lock not to adjust the aperture size. 3 Do not use with flash photography (ae) lock. 2. What is ccd? CCD not only to "electronic coupling component" (Charged Coupled Device), it is like traditional film cameras as the light-sensitive system is the light sensing circuit device you can think of it as those many tiny sensor particles, covered in Lens rear, when the light from the lens and image through, projected onto the surface ccd, ccd will have a current, the contents of the sensor to convert the digital data storage. ccd greater the number of pixels, the larger the size a single pixel, the images collected will be more clear. Thus, while the number of ccd image quality is not the sole focus of the decision, we can still rank it as the camera one of the important criterion. 3. What is cmos? comple-mentary metal-oxicle-semiconductor, the Chinese translated as "complementary metal oxide semiconductor" is a light sensing circuit device it is now commonly used in Canon digital cameras such sensitive devices. 4. What is dpof? dpof refers to a digital print order instruction is used in the storage media (video memory card, etc.) to record information. In this format, you can _set_ your digital camera to print those images, and how many to print. 5. What is the exif? The so-called exif (exchangerable image file format for digital still cameras), is the jeita (Electronics and Information Technology Industries Association) to develop, the decision to record a file jpeg image and sound way of additional information on the specifications. 6. What is the exif 2.2? exif 2.2 version is a new revised digital camera file format that contains the best to print a variety of shooting information. 7. What is ptp? ptp English "Picture Transfer Protocol (picture transfer protocol)" acronym. ptp is the first by a Kodak company developed in consultation with Microsoft, a standard, consistent with this standard imaging equipment in the access after the windows xp system can better be shared by the system and applications, particularly in terms of network transmission, the system can access to these devices when used to create web albums upload pictures, online chat, send pictures and so on. Of course, this is mainly limited computer knowledge to facilitate ordinary users, the camera, application software, websites together more easily .... the completion of some fool-functions. 8. What is a tiff format? tiff is a more flexible image format, which stands for tagged image file format, file extension tif or tiff. The format supports 256 colors, 24-bit color, 32-bit color, 48-bit color and other color spaces, and support rgb, cmyk and ycbcr other color mode, supports multiple platforms. tiff file can not be compressed, file size larger, it can be compressed to support the raw, rle, lzw, jpeg, ccitt3 group and 4 groups, and other compression 9. What is a wave? This is the recording standard used windows file format, the file extension "wav", pcm format of the data itself or compression type. 10. Image storage format As the digital camera captured the image file is large, storage capacity is limited, so the image is usually compressed and then stored. The most common image storage format is jpeg and tiff files, jpeg highly compressed files to make changes to the original 1 / 4, 1 / 8 or 1 / 16 size or so, so you can save a lot of storage space, but also the relative The original image data will be lost, many cameras will provide specific compression ratio for the user to choose. tiff file is almost without compression, so the image will remain in more complete than the jpeg. But because the higher the image resolution, the more compression the smaller the total memory space, so the camera must be balanced against the image quality requirements and memory card capacity. For example, a 8mb memory card, smartmedia memory of 640 × 480 resolution, high-compression format may be able to save 80 photos, but if memory 1024 × 768, uncompressed format can only save three pictures, the difference in fact very large, so the former must be pre_set_ shooting modes, or simply ready to save enough memory card.
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Photography Terminology
As deep After the depth of field depth of field before the world community and conjugate, respectively, the distance between the two imaging plane. Like the deep depth of field corresponds with, such as the greater depth, the greater depth of field. Determine the depth of the standards: 135 camera allows the fuzzy circle diameter is generally 1 / 30 mm, ie 0.033 mm. Super Focus: When the lens is focused at infinity, the infinity of the landscape in the form clear images, while a point in a limited range of objects can also be reached on clear standards, close to the object to this blurred, then the object to The distance between the lens focal length is over. Focal length Lens center to the focus distance. Focal length of the unit usually mm (millimeters) to represent a focus of the lens are generally marked on the front of the lens, such as f = 50mm (this is what we usually call "standard lens") ,28-70mm (our most popular lens) ,70-210mm (telephoto lens) and so on. Aperture Used to control the amount of light through the lens of the device. Shutter The length of exposure time is used to control the device. Shutter curtain can be divided into between the shutter and mirror steel shutter blade and three shutter. Shutter curtain which can be divided into vertical-travel shutter curtain, horizontal-travel shutter curtain. Steel can achieve a higher shutter speed (the highest shutter speed of 1 / 12000 seconds or more.) Mirror the highest among the Leaf shutter speed is generally not more than 1 / 500 seconds, but among the Leaf shutter lens The biggest advantage is when shooting extremely low noise, very conducive to videotaping, and can achieve full speed range Sync. Shutter speed Shutter open time. It refers to the time the film swept the light (exposure time). For example, the "1 / 30" refers to the exposure time is 1 / 30 seconds, the same, "1 / 60" refers to the exposure time is 1 / 60 sec, 1 / 60 second shutter is 1 / 30 second shutter speed twice . The rest and so on. Note: some of the information to the shutter speed as the shutter time, the two different names, but the same meaning, are to the time the shutter opens. Depth of Field
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Milestone in the history of news photography
May 5, 1848, Hamburg, Germany there was a fire, the fire burned for four days with more than two gulls went to Ukraine and 史特尔茨纳 fire, took many pictures about the ruins, then most of the lost, the only remaining one. The photo was taken, and today it is recognized that the world's first press photography activities and the first news photograph. The birth of photography, with the development of capitalism emerged in Europe, 150 years, it has undergone a from simple to complex, from low to high, from manual to automatic direction of the process, but original aim The total also tied up the traditional model of camera and film, from generation to generation, until today. 100 years, people have sought a new photosensitive materials and more convenient and practical hard in pursuit of photographic methods to replace the complex, outdated, behind the traditional photographic way. The birth of digital photography to traditional photography launched a serious challenge, forcing us to start from scratch, to understand the digital camera. The digital camera is 0 and 1 by the numerous in the computer or electronic device in the row together. Popular talk a little, digital camera is to use electronic components (usually CCD or CMOS) and will replace film as its subject is sensitive material recorded images stored in digital form can be repeatedly used in the memory card camera. Digital camera optical parts, mechanical parts and optical imaging principles with the traditional camera almost no difference. Digital machine phase is based on the personal computers in today's society and popular and have large-scale microelectronics technology, its production, use, disposal and future development and computers, microelectronics, electronic components and large scale integrated circuits and other related industries closely related to the development of a digital camera to solve a convenient, fast and efficient, the success rate of the original camera problems, back to the computer things (also called "electronic darkroom") to complete. Generation of modern society into the digital age, with the computerized image processing, communications satellite technology transfer mode, a large number of multi-colored pieces of the development trend is bound to bring new news photography for the prosperity and development, particularly in China, news photography in the digital camera application and development is still in a rising period of press photographers will take full advantage of the great advantage of the computer, with a new face and attitude in the field of information dissemination role to play new and unique.
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World-renowned photography contest
Pulitzer Prize for news photography Start the Pulitzer Prize in 1917 by the famous American journalist Joseph Pulitzer was founded, is divided into journalism awards and Culture and the Arts. Pulitzer after death intestate, the property donated to Columbia University, the establishment of the Pulitzer Prize, awards press, literature, music of the great people, since the prize awarded annually since 1917. 85 years, the Pulitzer Prize symbolizes the writing of America's most responsible and the most beautiful language. Journalism Award in particular, is the highest honor the American press. Every hope something all American journalists as the Pulitzer Prize for goal. Pulitzer Prize judges were accomplished by the journalists. Winners of the year review by the judges, the _select_ion, but the results are to be _select_ed by the Columbia University Advisory Board and announced by the president of Columbia University. The first Pulitzer Prize for photography was awarded in 1942. Since then, with the exception of 1946, the awarded annually. Since 1968, photography, news photography category added a special award winners are usually formed by a group of photos. Pulitzer Prize winning photography of great significance. Many Americans are impressed many major events is the Pulitzer Prize winning photo from the current year form. In fact, many Americans first saw them through the memories of these images are doing to write their life. World Press Photo Contest World Press Photo Contest (WPP), also known as Jose, is by the Dutch in 1956 initiated the creation of three photographers supported by the Foundation, the foundation's mission is: "In the world-wide cause and increase awareness of news photography widespread interest in, disseminating information and enhancing international understanding. " Four decades, the scale of World Press Photo competition is increasing, up to now, dozens of countries each year, nearly ten thousand pieces of entries, competition will develop to 9 class of 19, is the most extensive in the world, the most representative and authority of news photography contest. Jose, is also often an additional annual special awards, such as "the Hungarian Liszt Prize", "Kabbah ng Oscar Award". Jose, the diversity of topics to entries and winning photos will not only basic covers major events each year, but also deep into human daily life, it works the times has become a human and historical evidence. Hasselblad International Photography Award Hasselblad Dianna and Victor Hasselblad Foundation, donated by the estate established in 1979. The foundation's mission is to promote the field of natural sciences and photography science education and research. Each year the Foundation funded many projects, one of which is the annual International Photography Hasselblad Award. In 1989, the Foundation was established in Gothenburg, Sweden, opened to the public Hasselblad Center of Photography (Hasselblad Center), the Center has organized a series of exhibitions and speaking engagements. It is worth mentioning that, the center also has a photo for researchers and students in research and reference library, a collection including the previous Hasselblad International Photography Award Winners, including the rich picture. Hasselblad International Photography Award was founded in 1980, has now evolved into an important international photography events photography, the main purpose is to reward "a photographer recognized the primary achievements." The award by the influential group of international photographers and senior experts recommend three candidates, the final winner by the Hasselblad Foundation Board of Directors _select_ed from three candidates. 】 【Pingyao International Photography Festival In 2001, the Ministry of Culture, the State Council Information Office and the Shanxi provincial government's strong support for the first time creating a "Pingyao International Photography Festival" operate in full accordance with international norms, domestic and international standards, traditional and modern interactive so that the unique style of the ancient city of Pingyao, the ancient folk customs and activities of a variety of photographic mapping cross to escape, at home and abroad the unexpected sensation. Therefore, the approval of the Ministry of Culture, the committee decided in September 2002 15-22 continue to organize the event. 2002 Pingyao International Photography Festival attracted participants from France, the United States, Spain, Denmark, Russia, Italy, Belgium, Japan, Korea and other countries exhibiting a well-known photographer, who exhibited the 18 group exhibitions all 30 first time , in China. Domestic photography group exhibition of 65 of 33 overall, highlighted the "Century China" theme, from the exhibition on display some of the thousands of pieces of fine _select_ed works, edited into a book, to record this glorious moment. 2009 Pingyao International Photography Festival 2009 Pingyao International Photography Festival will be held September 19 to 25 held in the ancient city of Pingyao, the theme of "life dream", this year's exhibition to the works from the collection of academic interpretation, from planning through environmental design exhibition, all position to create an international, professional and diversified grand show. The exhibition brings together 46 countries and regions from the 150 exhibitions, the Global 1232 works by photographers of thousands will be on display in nine exhibition games, respectively. 19:30 the evening of 18 will be in the ancient city Yunjincheng Performing Arts Center, the 2009 China Pingyao International Photography Festival opening night. 19, 10:30 am, in the ancient city close to the people a break and county government, 2009 Pingyao International Photography Exhibition will be opened gorgeous veil, officially launched. 】 【Photography studio shoot Photography studio shoot is a very popular activity in the shooting mode, as in the outdoor shooting is often constrained by inappropriate lighting conditions or changing weather. However, if taken in the studio, we can control the image, and want to take long to shoot long. Using readily available equipment and materials, it is likely to shoot fine, impressive portrait. This happen to such a film studio shoot there way.
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Photography
Good photographs capture some of the equipment needed, patience, and some of the necessary knowledge. The so-called "Photo" is on some or all of the local scene to shoot, to the unique characteristics of the subject is the beauty to attract viewers. But when shooting close-range, it is usually because the camera away from the subject is very close, so it is easy to move because of camera shake affecting the image quality unstable. But you can buy some proper equipment to overcome these problems. Good photographs taken a few tips to master the following: First, use a tripod You have your camera mounted on a tripod to avoid camera shake. As much as possible the subject is close to the camera, and be careful not to introduce unnecessary shadows. Second, the focus track Although it is not necessary when shooting products, but the focus is a very good track assistive devices can help you take a good close-ups. Focusing rail allows the camera to a very small increments along the X and Y axes from the move, the camera can accurately control the location and depth of field screen. If a mobile tripod to achieve the desired location is very troublesome. Third, the use of cable release Even if you have the camera to a triangular bracket, but if you press the shutter when not careful Chansheng still has the potential to shake the camera, so in order to avoid this from happening, I suggest you best to use the cable release. Fourth, the use of black or colored background In the film, when the subject is in the background is black, then it can seem to shoot out of the picture most clearly. You can also use the blurred background, especially when the subject is very strong when the color. Fifth, when necessary, use reflective card Use a white card or piece of aluminum foil with the card, the light reflected from the object to be taken in order to illuminate the shadow of some object. Note that is not to let this card be taken in context. Sixth, we must be patient Sometimes, even a breeze can make the shot to appear blurred close-up scene? At this time, you must be patient, it is best to wait until after the wind after a shooting. Similarly, when shooting outdoors, the day the cloud covered the sun, it is best to wait until the sun came out after the shooting, which will be taken out of the picture looks cloudy when the photographs than the more vibrant colors, brighter. Austrian photographer Yiniesite • Haas this, too, for the composition, he had reached the hands of non-sword, sword in the heart of the state, he believes that "the composition is balanced, balanced treatment of each person are different. "Just as the highest realm of martial arts, the name has no moves, just by his own skill to resolve. Composition on the camera's position, he said: "The more you can forget your equipment, the more it can focus on your subject matter and composition, then the camera is just a continuation of your eyes, no other significance." Little Jacobs also said: "The composition of the most fundamental factor is the line, form, texture and the space between these factors. Of course the color is also a non-negligible factor. Converging lines of perspective is generally that relationship, but not all photos have to show the depth of perspective not. many works of art are planar patterns. in the viewfinder of a scene or character portraits, are based on personal feelings photographer arranged. So, how composition, and how to _select_ the main, light, color, can also become a photographer based on unique personal style. "In most cases, each piece has a photo or a group plays a leading role in the shape or form, and photos color, size, location and other shapes, are the dominant factor for the service. "Composition of the contrast, refers to large and small, light and dark, near and far, active and passive, smooth and rough, rich ruby color and dim, and so the contrast. To make more use of these conflicting factors, through which the door to the main body of the composition. For example, the proper use of the comparative law, photographs will be very powerful charm. "Some people might have on the composition talent. Seven, rather less exposure do not have to follow the principle, according to the brightness of the background part of spot metering, this can make a serious shortage of the main exposure, forming a strong silhouette Eight, when the screen proportion of your subject on the screen is too small, or rather monotonous screen blank space, you can as the prospects for creative use of silhouette, through the oppression of the black silhouette of both the audience's vision to invest in your subject, while black silhouette will not disperse the audience's attention. We can even use the silhouette as the main body of the border, the formation of square, round or variations of various shapes, the usual picture of the landscape has a unique sense of form, increasing the feeling of depth images.
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English Expression
: taking, photographing
n.: filming, photography, shooting, take a photograph, shoot a film
dressing