The old country name. In central Europe. Czech Republic and Slovakia in 1918 by the two regional groupings. January 1, 1993, the federal disintegration, the Czech Republic and Slovakia became an independent republic.
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Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia 1918 to 1992, the existing federal state. Located in central Europe, East and the Soviet Union adjacent to the south and Hungary, Austria, bordering Germany, linked the western and the northern border with Poland. Territorial area of 127,900 square kilometers. Mainly residents of the Czech and Slovak people. Catholicism is the predominant religion. Czech and Slovak as the main language. Prague. 1918 Czechoslovakia 5 6th century, Slavs from the Vistula, Elbe upstream now the Czech Republic and Slovakia moved to the West region. 623 West Bluff on the formation of tribal alliances - Samo Duchy. The early 9th century Great Moravian Empire, feudal society began. 906 years, the Kingdom of Hungary Slovakia merger region, the Great Moravian Empire disintegrated. Half of the 10th century, to Prague, the Czech Republic was established as the center of public power. Mid-11th century, the Czech public and the country's territory extended from Bohemia to Moravia, the feudal relations have developed rapidly. 1086, German king, Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV granted to the Czech kings of Bohemia Vladislav II, King of the title, from the Czech public and the country to submit to the Holy Roman Empire. Half of the 12th century, the Principality was renamed the Czech Kingdom. Early 14th century, the Holy Roman Empire, the son of Henry VII of Luxembourg dynasty, the Czech throne, John married Allie Xika wife, John became King of Bohemia. The early 15th century, Czech sharp class conflicts and ethnic tensions. July 1419 Aarhus war, anti-feudal struggle engulfed parts of the Czech Republic and Slovakia over. 1526 Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand I of Habsburg inherited the throne of Bohemia and Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia mergers in most areas. Duke Ferdinand of Austria Sijieliya 1617 the Czech king, Protestant meeting in Prague the following year ban led to the Czech people's uprising. Tulun Bo Jue formation of the interim government, the Czech Republic is temporarily out of Habsburg rule. In 1620, the Czech Republic and Palatine forces in the Battle of White Mountain failed. Ferdinand re_set_, the brutal suppression of the Czechs, the Czech Republic became a province of the Habsburg dynasty. The late 17th century to 18 century, Czechoslovakia has developed capitalist relations of production. November 1, 1781, Joseph II abolished serfdom edict issued to promote the Bohemian rapid development of capitalism. June 1848 uprising in Prague the people, abolition of forced labor system of the Austrian authorities. Czechoslovakia 1867, Austria and Hungary, the restructuring of the Austrian Empire a unified system for the dual Austria-Hungary. Since then, in the Czech Republic and Slovakia under the rule of Austria-Hungary. Czechoslovakia after 1918, during World War I, the Czech and Slovak people for an independent, unified country. The collapse of Austria-Hungary in 1918. October 28 the same year, an independent establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic. Early 1919, under the influence of the October Revolution in Russia, Eastern Europe, the proletarian revolution there. June 16 the same year, the Slovak Soviet Republic was established in Presov, early in July for the bourgeois government and the military suppression of foreign interference. May 1921 Communist Party of Czechoslovakia was established. 1933, sweeping the capitalist world's economic crisis, Czechoslovakia, rising labor movement. In 1938, Britain and France betrayed Czechoslovakia in the Munich meeting, the interests of the Sudetenland was ceded to Germany. The following year in March, the entire territory of the German occupation of Czechoslovakia, while the puppet Independent State of Slovakia. E. Benes former president to flee the British government into exile. The establishment of the Czechoslovak Central National Revolutionary Committee, to carry out guerrilla resistance movement. By early 1945, people held anti-fascist uprising in Prague, May 9 with the Soviet liberation of Prague. May 1946 established a Czechoslovak leader Gottwald coalition government as Prime Minister, Benes president. Government confiscation of property of foreign capitalists and traitors to the promulgation of industry, the nationalization of banks and private insurance companies Act, land reform. February 1948 the Czechoslovak bourgeoisie in support of the people crushed under the coup plot. The Government completed the land reform, abolition of a large land ownership, eliminated the vestiges of feudalism. In the same year on May 9 by the Constitution, will be the country called Czech Republic, Gottwald was elected President. 1949 to 1960, implemented two five-year plan, 50 years industry average growth rate of 10.9%, the basic realization of agricultural cooperatives, agricultural mechanization is near completion. New constitution was adopted in 1960, but the country called the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic. January 1968, A. A. Dubcek replaced Novotny as first secretary of the Czechoslovak and began a series of reforms. 20 August the same year, the Soviet Union sent troops to Czechoslovakia. October 16, Su Jie signed the "Soviet troops temporarily stationed on the territory of the conditions in Czechoslovakia treaty." April 1969 Jie G. Husak as first secretary of the CPC Central, he was named general secretary in 1971, 1975, he served as president and commander in chief of the armed forces. December 1987 plenary session held in Czechoslovakia, Husak resigned as general secretary positions remain President of the Republic. M. Jakes was elected General Secretary. November 1989, the Federal Parliament to amend the constitution to abolish them on the Czechoslovak leadership role in terms of society. In the same year in December the appointment of M. Pradesh Act Husak as Prime Minister, to form a new government. Husak resigned the same month presidency, the federal parliamentary elections as President V. Havel. March 1990 better resolution, the country called the Federal Assembly of the Czechoslovak Federal Republic. April again, even the country called the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic. June held its first free national elections, Civic Forum and Public Against Violence organized a parliamentary majority and form to them as the main federal government. Federal Parliament formed after the election has passed a series of economic reform laws, regulations change the existing economic system, to implement a market economy based on private ownership. November local elections, Civic Forum, a majority in the Czech Republic, public organizations and against violence in the Slovak Christian Democratic Movement won a majority of seats. June 1992 election, Civic Democratic Party and Movement for Democratic Slovakia, the two parties in the Czech Republic and Slovakia, respectively, to win. November 25 the same year, the leaders of the two republics, after consultations, decided to separate the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic and the disintegration of law by the Federal Parliament, the provisions from 1 January 1993, respectively, the two republics became independent from the subject countries, the Czech Republic Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic are the successor State. Since then, the unified Czechoslovakia ceased to exist. Split, the former Czechoslovakia flag used by the Czech Republic.
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Encyclopedia
Jiekesiluofake Czechoslovakia Czechoslovakia / □ eskoslovensko Landlocked country in central Europe. And the Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany, Federal Republic of Germany, Austria and Hungary border. 770 kilometers from east to west, 275 km north-south widest. Area of 127,896 square kilometers. Population 15,479,000 (1984). Country is divided into two Czech and Slovak Republic, has 10 states. Prague. Natural conditions in mountains and plateaus dominated terrain, most of the region from 200 to 750 meters above sea level. Terrain throughout the area can be divided into two: ① Bohemian Highlands. Located in the western half, is a Hercynian tectonic zone. Northeast, Northwest, Southwest was Sudeten Mountains Ore Mountains, the Bohemian forest surrounded by mountains and Shuma Wa mountains, mountain altitude of 300 to 1000 meters; the east elevation of 500 to 600 meters of the Moravian region, the surrounding high-low in the middle, also known as the Czech basin. Most parts of the basin at an altitude of 500 meters below, can be divided into Labe River Plain, Pilsen Basin, Ore Jihocesky lake basin and the foothills area. ② Carpathian mountains. Slovakia also known as mountain, located in the eastern half, is the early formation of the Alpine fold mountains movement, by a series of east-west mountain ranges, mountains, valleys and mountains between the basin. General elevation of 1,000 to 1,500 meters, is divided into northern, central and southern zones. Tatra Mountains north with the peak elevation of 2655 meters Lage Eagle, the highest peak. Dense forests and mountains of good natural pasture. In addition, in the Bohemian Massif and the Carpathian Mountains between the Morava River - the Oder River corridor, is a few kilometers Kuanjin graben valley, between North and South Central Europe since ancient times is the traffic arteries. Land south-east part of the Danube River plain, the low of the most extensive area of about 150 meters above sea level, mainly by the Danube River and its tributaries Wah, alluvial r. He is an important agricultural area. Watershed area is located in the major European rivers, river is far more dense, but very few rivers, in addition to the Danube River have been high for some outside the border in the south, mainly in Europe or some of the important tributaries of the upper reaches of rivers. The longest river is flowing through the Bohemian Highlands Vltava River, is about 430 km. Slovakia has Morava River (358 km long), Wah River (390 km long), etc., north to south into the Danube. Most fast-flowing rivers, adverse shipping, but more abundant water resources, and not far from the source, to facilitate communication. The climate is mild throughout the continental climate, most of the warm hot summer, not winter cold. The annual average temperature 7 ~ 9 ℃. The coldest month (January) average temperature of -1 ~ -5 ℃, the absolute minimum temperature of -40 ℃ areas around the valley; the hottest month (July) the average temperature of 15 ~ 19 ℃. Crop growing season and lower in southern Slovakia, the lower Morava graben area of about 180 days, Vltava River, the Labe River area about 160 days, the mountain is less than 120 days. Annual precipitation of 450 ~ 800 mm plains, mountains 800 to 1300 mm, the Tatra mountains 1000 to 2000 mm. Summer usually accounting for 40% of the total annual precipitation is about. Because something long and narrow territory, complex and diverse topography, climate, regional differences are significant. Bohemian Heights characteristics of weak continental climate, warm in summer and winter is not cold, the annual range is small, such as Prague in January average temperature of -0.5 ℃, 7 月 19.3 ℃, annual average temperature 9.3 ℃, annual precipitation 499 mm. Slovakia region features a strong continental climate, warm hot summer, cold winter, a larger annual range, such as Luqieneici January average temperature of -2.7 ℃, 7 月 20.1 ℃, annual average temperature 9.1 ℃, annual precipitation volume of 637 mm. A brief history of the national population and population density of about 121 people per square kilometer (1984). Czech regional industrial development, has a long history, high population density, low population density of Slovakia. Urban population to total population, 62.9% (1980). Main ethnic groups in the Czech and Slovak, the former accounting for about 64%, most of whom live in the west; which accounts for about 30.8%, most of whom live in the east. I was Hungarian, Ukrainian, German, Polish and so on. The official language is Czech and Slovak. Part of Catholic residents. Built 9th century Kingdom of Great Moravia. After the formation of the Czech Kingdom, the Czech region, Slovakia area under the Kingdom of Hungary. Leaves from the early 16th century, has part of the Holy Roman Empire and Austria-Hungary. After World War I, the collapse of Austria-Hungary, in 1918 merged the two regions, the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic. Occupied by fascist Germany in 1939. Was liberated in 1945, the following year _set_ up a new coalition government. Renamed in 1960 Czechoslovakia
slovakia