Opera is a form of traditional Chinese drama. Is included literature, music, dance, art, martial arts, acrobatics and a variety of factors made the performing arts. Its origin has a long history, dance has been as early as embryonic primitive society, in the long process of development, after eight hundred years of continuous enrich, update and development, and gradually form a relatively complete system of traditional opera.
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The origin of opera
Chinese opera has a long history, it is the first song from the imitation of work produced. (A) the pre-Qin - Drama infancy. "Book of Songs" in the "Song," "Songs of the South" in the "Nine Songs" is when the ritual dance of the lyrics. From the Warring States to Han Dynasty, the dance of God in the entertainment evolved out of entertaining people dance. From the Han to the Tang Dynasty, and has appeared as competition-oriented "angle of arrival" (ie 100 plays) in order to show the questions and answers "to join the army play" and play the dance of life stories "shake step mother", etc. These are the bud of the drama. (B) Tang Dynasty (late) - opera formation. The Tang Dynasty, China's rapid development of drama, theater arts evolved. (C) Song - drama development period. Song of the "Dynasty", the Jin Dynasty, "the hospital" and the spoken or sung form of "Gong Zhu", from the music, the structure and content, have laid the foundation for the Yuan Dynasty. (D) of the Yuan Dynasty - opera maturity. To the Yuan Dynasty, "Dynasty" on the basis of much of the original development, and become a new drama. It has the basic characteristics of the play, indicates that China plays into the mature stage.
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Feature drama
Beijing opera Beijing Opera female older students is one kind of Chinese opera music, originated in the mid-nineteenth century, the capital of Beijing, and in the Qing palace has been an unprecedented prosperity. The tone of the Sipi and two yellow-based, with violin and percussion and other accompaniment, is regarded as China's national essence. Fifty-five years the Qing Dynasty Emperor Qianlong (1790 AD), from the emblem of the four classes in southern China have moved into Beijing. Beijing emblem of the first class is singing "two yellow" Tune-based "three-Qing", due to its tune and plays very rich, gradually prevailed over the then prevailing in Beijing, Shaanxi. Shaanxi Opera troupe into the emblem of many classes, the formation of the integration of the two cavities Qin Hui. Subsequently, the emblem of the other three classes: "Sixi", "Spring Taiwan" and "spring" also came to Beijing, the prevalence of many years of gradual decline Kun, Kun actors are mostly transferred emblem classes. To the Qing Dynasty Beijing, Hubei actor, brought a tone Chu (Chinese tone, Sipi tune), with the emblem of classes in the capital caused Sipi confluence with the two yellow to form a so-called "yellow skin show." At this point in the capital in the form of skin yellow drama, voice and accent by the impact of Beijing, with the "Beijing sound" characteristics. Later, because they often show in Shanghai, with Beijing Shanghai people put this drama features the yellow skin is called "opera", also called "opera." Also, because the rapid development of opera in the capital, to artistic among the best in Chinese opera, was popular in the whole of China, it is also known as the "national opera." Beijing opera is one form of operas, has been nearly two hundred years of history. It is the emblem of Chinese opera and drama, based on the absorption of the opera, Shaanxi and some other operas of the evolving strengths and expertise formed. Beijing opera is the emblem in the year 1790 (fifty-five years the Qing Emperor Qianlong), the first emblem of Beijing's prestigious troupe in Anhui Province "Sanqing class." Then to Beijing, has "Sixi", "spring", "Spring Taiwan" all classes, collectively, the "emblem of the four classes." Plate chamber opera is music, mainly singing two yellow, Sipi two systems, so the opera, also known as "skin yellow." South clapper opera popular singing there, Siping transfer, sub-and high-blown cavity pulling. Traditional Peking Opera repertoire of about a thousand more than usually played about three or four hundred or more, which in addition to opera from Anhui, Chinese opera, opera and Shaanxi are, but also a considerable number of the Peking opera artists and writers gradually written out of the civil . Peking Opera performance than good in the historical themes of political and military struggle, the story mostly from the historical romance and the small talk. Both the whole of the drama, there are a large number of excerpts, in addition to a number of connected _set_s of the show. Line of business into the role of opera more stringent, early divided into raw, Dan, net, end of the ugly, martial arts, popular (bit-part player) seven lines, go after the living, once the net, ugly four lines. Peking Opera since the formation of the emergence of a large number of excellent actors, they are singing opera, performances, and repertoire and character modeling and other aspects of innovation, contribute to the development, forming a great influence on many of the genre. Such as older students, Cheng Changgeng, Yu Sansheng, Zhang Erkui, Tan Xinpei, Wang Guihua, Finland, Sun Juxian, Wang laugh Lennon, Liu Hong voice, Wang Hongshou, Yu Shuyan, high Qingkui, words Ju Peng, Zhou Xinfang, Ma Lianliang, Yang Baosen, Tanfu Ying, Li Shaochun, etc.; niche Xu Hong, Cheng Ji-xian, Jiang myohyang, Ye Shenglan etc.; attendance Takefu Yu Ju Sheng, HUANG Yue Shan, Li, the Yangxiaolou, Gai Jiaotian, Shang and Yu, Li Huiliang, etc.; female roles Meiqiao Ling, Yu Ziyun, Tiangui Feng, Norman Chan, Wang Yaoqing, Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Xun Huisheng, yet Xiaoyun, Ouyang Yuqian, Fengzi and small Cuihua, Zhang Junqiu, etc., Lao Dan Gong Yunfu, Lee Kui, etc.; net angle Mu Fengshan, Huangrun Fu, He Shan, Qiu Gui Xian, Jin Shao Shan, Qiu Shengrong, etc.; clown Liu drive three, Yang Mingyu (formerly Queensland ugly, adding Peking opera performances), Wang Changlin, Xiao Changhua and so on. There is also a famous musician Sunyou Chen, Umeda, Xu Lan Yuan, Wang Shaoqing, Yang Baozhong, etc.; famous son and Hang drum teacher, Baideng Yun, Wang Xie Yuan and so on. Classical repertoire: Farewell My Concubine (Mei school), White Snake, Dingjunshan, The Drunken Beauty (female roles excerpts), competition to, by the wind (to students), Sue San (range faction), nine clothing, paper zhaoguan, Wangjiang Pavilion, Xu policy to run the city, Yuan Men cut son, Shiro Visits his Mother, Hongzongliema (all) Suolin Nang, exploration Yin, Fugitive, Wen Ji Gui Han, Luo called off, Meng Lijun, Yu Shanglin (excerpts), Orphan, Xie Yaohuan ...... Peking Opera Ming and Qing dynasties have to sing the Younger is more than the industry, by singing the main melody lotus fall. To the late Qing Dynasty, Younger has learned leting shadow, drum books, then evolved into a Jidong local characteristics of the "bouncing play." Leap the initial period of two opera drama (once an ugly), there is singing white, singing and dancing; the repertory there are more than 100 kinds, have a certain beginning and end of story and character through to the third-person narrative of its main features. Music is also the transition to the plate cavity shape. Tunes sung by artists because of bouncing off the main lotus, and bamboo (_Set_suko board) hit the festival, so it is bouncing off of the show mixed with lotus said. Performance form the first group of chorus to "Sixi Song" opening, and then leads to positive play. Dynasty two decades (1840), the farmers who make a living learning bouncing play increasing emission of a large number of bouncing sing opera artists. As artists their own local dialect of the operation and activities of the different regions, then the formation of the East, West, North bouncing three-way play. Dynasty years to 26 years (1880-1990), the emergence of a number of semi-professional and professional classes in society. Social classes in the best bouncing artists in each competition, and communicate with each other, learn from each other, thus promoting the bouncing game moves forward, the corresponding color to sing opera to promote two to three opera (that is, split the scene) stage. Actor off the play into a three-person first-person, the script evolved from the rap endorsement physical body, there has been Branch-style small repertoire, began performing on the feet of the color line of business with a simple division, in addition to performing a certain extent, on maintaining Younger outside the traditional dance movements, first introduced in a number of plays in the realistic simulation of real-life action, but also began a program to emulate a large opera action. But the program is not strictly binding norms, action is more freedom. White read the local language, based in Tangshan of made a little rhyme. Music, singing, begun plate chamber style. With the Adagio, 2694 plates, small sad tune, lock plates, etc.; with Qin to banhu mainly use either the suona, flute; hit section of the instrument to get rid of the bamboo panels, use Jujube clapper and gong borrowing by Hebei Clapper, Kai Qin to pull banhu were stomping to make to direct the band with Qin. Facilities only _set_ the stage table, two chairs and "conservative", nothing else. Fold a drama project include over a hundred species, most of the opera from the two, or shadow volumes, clapper script. The other part is based on non-real life, rumors of affairs, ancient and modern legends, historical novels, children books written in other Guci. In the play off period, Qing dynasty 34 years since dynasty, Empress of have died, the Qing government ordered a ban entertainment hundred days, resulting in bouncing play each class community in a paralyzed state, many have disintegrated. In autumn, some of the artists _set_ up Qingchun community. In order to prevent the censorship, then fold along the lines of drama mode of play for a comprehensive transformation of the clapper plate and draw a lot of percussion, the bouncing play with a prototype large-scale operas. After bouncing play reform, known as "flat cavity Clapper Opera." Xuantong first year, Tangshan Yongsheng garden flourished, inviting Qingchun community to do the opening performance, the majority of workers and visitors a warm welcome from this community in Tangshan Qingchun stopped heel. Bouncing play to consolidate positions in the city, social classes artists struggling to catch up row Ganxie new play, to the Republic first year of the creation, adaptation, migration of large repertoire has reached three the dozen, at the same time, but also improve the performance line of business to improve the plate and singing with the Qin system, so that the bouncing game with a new artistic style. Thus, the birth mother of the Younger folk opera, and finally with a new attitude in the early Republic to stand out, when called it Tangshan Lazi, named after Peking Opera. "San Jie Yang complain," "An important thorn Ito Bowen" and modern opera, the face of social reality, to current events as subject matter, very influential at the time. October 1, 1949, after the founding of the PRC, the party's "hundred flowers blossom and introduce new" approach under the guidance of Peking Opera presents a blip; many provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions established a Peking Opera art groups, thus, a Peking Opera the big jump and become a national drama. "San Jie Yang complain," also known as "shoot high Zhanying." Based on the true writer. Write the Republic for seven years, Zhang Fushen wealth accounting, son of a high Young British women married to poor sister wife, high rogue by nature, and its sister Pei, Wu Sao Jin adultery. Sister persuaded her husband repented, high grudge. Adultery conspiracy, killed sister. Third Sister Yu-O Yang Xiao found in the hanging doubt, is to go to Luanxian complain, the magistrate bribery, resulting in Third Sister lost. Third Sister dissatisfied, appealed to the total Hall Zhili (Tianjin), struggle and finally triumph. Executed by the British high shot total. Produced Republic of eight years (1919) premiered at the Harbin Qingfeng theater. Play in the first _set_ in 1929, Cheng letters bookstore book "assessment Grand Opera"; Chinese Drama Publishing House in December 1957 issue of "only plays into the _Select_ed Works of Zhao," also received the play. "Flowers for the media" story, see "Strange Stories - parasitic." Write Wang Junqing and cousin LI Yue'e love each other, but Yue'e parent firm does not permit marriage, Junqing Acacia into the disease. Nguyen matchmaker mother can elect five sheets, and a scheme garden blind. Zhang, Wang love at first sight. Day of married, Yue'e mother while her husband out, will be sent to the Royal Yue'e, Junqing then marry two wives. Produced Republic three years (1914) by Chin-chun ping chamber operas premiered in Tangshan tea classes. After income "Pingju Filmography" Episode 2. Yue's plays Jade Dragonfly Shaoxing opera Its predecessor was the popular area of Zhejiang Shengzhou County "landing book to sing," to the thirties and gradually developed into a "woman Shaoxing Wen show." Early 1940s women flourish in Shanghai Yue Opera, Kun absorbed in art, drama, nutrition, and maturity. To Yin Guifang, Xu Yulan, Jane Wang, Yuan Xuefen the older generation of artists represented, by the early Chinese Communist Party's concern in the system and art on bold reforms, New Shaoxing opera "Xianglinsao" performance is the Shaoxing opera in the history of "milestone." It Zhepi artists the courage to reform the old, active and innovative, in the tradition, based on its own conditions, absorbing, and create their own unique style, with the gradual formation of the artistic characteristics of the Shaoxing opera genre. Since the founding of new China, the party's cultural policy under the guidance of Shaoxing opera entered a golden period of great development, to create the "Butterfly Lovers", "Dream of Red Mansions", "The West Chamber" at home and abroad have gained a great reputation, "Love Revisited" "chasing fish", "Empress Chung", "Meng Lijun" "Motherhood" "He Wenxiu" "Desert Prince", "nine clothing" "Jade Dragonfly" and a good repertoire, including " Butterfly Lovers "" Love Revisited "" chasing fish, "" The Jade Hairpin "" Dream of Red Mansions "is also taken into the repertoire of excellent playing movies. The mid-eighties, Zhejiang Yue Opera Troupe was established in Hangzhou, followed by Zhejiang appear remarkable "little flowers" phenomenon. Large number of excellent "little flowers" are springing to the fore. Such as the "second" Plum Blossom Award winner Mao Weitao, Plum Blossom Award winner Zhou Yun, Juan, Wu Fenghua, etc., they represent a new generation of Shaoxing opera artist, in the garden flowers bloom, suggesting Yue cause further prosperity and development. Huangmei Huangmei "Dream of Red Mansions" is the main local operas in Anhui. Huangmei originally called "Huangmei" or "tea-picking opera" is the late eighteenth century, Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces adjacent areas to form a collar folk opera. Including a gradual move to the East as the center of Anhui Anqing Huaining region combined with the local folk art, singing in local languages, that white, formed its own characteristics, known as the "pregnant chamber" or "pregnant tune" . This is the predecessor of today Huangmei. In the repertoire, the known as "drama thirty-six, opera seventy-two off." Performance was the main drama of class oppression of the people, the wealth gap is satisfied and yearning for a better life for freedom. Such as "buckwheat in mind", "the official told grain," "Angel Will match" and so on. Most opera performance of rural workers living fragments, such as the "point of barley", "spinning cotton yarn" and "selling bucket basket." After the liberation, has adapted finishing the "Goddess Marriage," "female consort prince", "Ropa mind", "semi-scissors", "Zhao Guiying," "Mother's Tears", "three countries found husbands House", "nine clothing ", a size of the traditional repertoire, God created the drama" Legend of Love, "historical drama" Criminal lost cut "modern opera" spring "," shop Chunzao "," bud early on. " The "Goddess Marriage," "female consort prince" and "Legend of Love" have been filmed at home and abroad had a significant impact. Yan Fengying, Wang Shao-Fang, Wu Qiong, Ma Lan, Yang Jun, South Korea and then Finland is well-known actor Huangmei. Huaiju Huaiju "teeth marks in mind," Huai Opera, also known as JAC game, popular in Jiangsu, Anhui, Shanghai and parts. Huaiju is two hundred years ago in the old opera, as early as mid-Qing Dynasty, Jiangsu Yanfu (Yancheng and Funing), Bao Qing Huai (Huai and Baoying) along a kind of popular chant by the people at home and Tian Ge Lei Ray cavity, sowing songs rap tune evolved form of door interjection in the form of one or two single singing duet, only hit section of bamboo. After the incense and the Northern folk drama with thanksgiving, called Jiangbei opera. After that, by the emblem of the impact of drama and opera, in singing, acting and plays so gradually, forming Huaiju. Huaiju language is a dialect of Jin Jianhu tone, after opera stage of the formation of a language. Huaiju language in the gradual formation of long-term practice of 20 rhyme. Huai Opera singing is a board chamber music to [Huai tone], [pull tone], [free transfer] of the three melody. [Huai tone] high-pitched loud, telling strong, mostly for the narrative. Pull tone tactful and delicate, fresh lines for lyrical scenes; [free transfer] melody smooth, plasticity, with a comprehensive performance properties. Around the main theme of the three derived some of the tunes, such as word chamber, leaves the word tone, wearing a cross, Nanchang tone, tone lower river, Huai a tragedy, grief and adjustment, etc. Huaiju "Spring River Flows East" Huaiju the accompaniment of musical instruments, orchestral have erhu, three-stringed lute, dulcimer, flute, suona, etc., there are flat drums percussion, Su gongs, cymbals, percussions and so on. Play drums and percussion on the basis of the incense absorption Kirin gong, gongs and other percussion music hub Yanfu evolved. Huaiju classical repertoire: the early life of opera and drama, "Nine Gates thirteen British" (ie, "Qin Xiang Lian", "Blue Lotus" and 9 with "Lotus" word play and "Wanger Ying", "Gu Fengying" (teeth marks note) "Sudi British" and 13 with "British" word play); Huaiju classical repertoire, "Meng Lijun", "teeth marks in mind" (also known as "security life insurance sold themselves"), "he'll edge", "wedding dress murder "(also known as" nine clothing ")," playing bowls in mind, "" Silent complain, "" allies and enemies in mind "," cabinet edge "," White Snake "," Yue Fei "," Mother Beijing sent thousands of miles "" champion gowns "," the official ban on public light, "and Qing drama" Blue Qi Gege "and so influential. Shanghai Huai Opera Troupe as a "dragon and Ephemera," as a symbol, in the city under the banner of the new Huaiju caused great theater Fan Xiang. Huai Opera Troupe of Jiangsu Province today the creation of fine works Huaiju modern drama "Sunflower", "Spring River Flows East" is also loved by the audience; "golden pointer", "Roo village style" was made into a movie. Opera Kun Opera Peony Pavilion is the country's ancient drama, about the formation of the Yuan and Ming area in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, also known as "Kunshan chamber." Outstanding during the Ming Jia Jing Wei Liang-fu opera musicians, chamber of Kunshan, a major reform. He absorbed the Southern Drama unite in singing and music in North temperament Jin singing, and southern folk songs and other artistic elements to create a gentle euphemism for "mill chamber." Simultaneously with the election of the playwright's Liang Chen, Kunshan cavity of fish prepared for "Wun Sha mind," a drama, after the performance hit south, and growing in popularity nationwide. Ming and Qing Dynasties, opera once prosperous, more exquisite perfection in art, becoming a shadow of a national drama. Qianlong period, the opera art has been plundered by the ruling class, tend to the court of the content, so divorced from the masses and gradually decline to the eve of liberation, on the verge of dying situation. After the liberation, Opera in the script. Libretto. Singing and other aspects of the reform, and strive to easy to understand. Theatre to Beijing in 1956, Zhejiang Kunsu successfully performed, "Fifteen Strings of Coppers," sensational. Premier Zhou Enlai in 1957 according to the instructions, the establishment of the northern Opera Theater. Opera this ancient art form that has brought out the art of youth. Opera has over 500 years of history, the formation of a complete performance system and a unique tune the system. Its repertoire is rich in beautiful elegant dictionary script text, literary high. Pronunciation, articulation pay attention to four tones, strictly metrical, orderliness. Opera tunes are tunes the body, each play _set_s of tunes by the composition. Singing mellow soft, melodious bradycardia. Performing delicate movements closely the action and singing, dance-oriented. Main instrument is the flute accompaniment, sometimes with a three-stringed lute, sheng, suona and so on. Mid-Ming Dynasty, opera spread to the north, through the efforts of many artists, the opera and the northern language combine to form a "North Queensland"; originally popular in Jiangsu-Zhejiang region of the opera, was known as "Southern." ; Queensland's performance repertoire than the more healthy, uninhibited performance style shed U; Southern, pay attention to articulation and phonological delicate work, more Qingwan lingering. Opera in the history of Chinese opera plays an important role, its opera and Xiang Ju, Sichuan Opera and other local operas in the formation and development have had a direct impact. Opera Opera Xianyang, Shaanxi Opera Troupe was established in 1952, far more than 50 years in Shaanxi Province has a high impact on the municipal professional performing arts groups, the state-owned national ... Opera, formerly known as "Henan" clapper , also called "Henan high-profile" because the Henan Province, referred to as "Yu", named after the liberation of Henan. Henan Province is one of the major operas. Opera has more than six out of the traditional repertoire. There are well-known actor Chang Xiangyu, cattle was grass, on behalf of repertoire, "Mu Guiying command" "Matchmaker", "seven items Zhima Guan," "Mulan," "Chaoyanggou" and so on. Shaanxi
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Artistic characteristics of the three opera
Comprehensive, virtual sex, procedural - (Click to see an animation ↓) "cabinet edge of the" female red (A) comprehensive Chinese opera is a highly comprehensive national art. This integrated not only in its fusion of the various disciplines of the arts (such as dance, acrobatics, etc.) out of respect to new ideas, but also in the thick of it superb performing arts on the culvert. A variety of artistic factors closely integrated with the performing arts, drama by the actor's performance to achieve full functionality. Among them, sing, read, do, the actor who played the organic form, opera is the most concentrated and comprehensive, the most prominent expression. Singing, referring to singing techniques, emphasis on "enunciate"; read, that read white, is reading techniques, demanding the so-called "white forty-two extremely heavy, then sing"; do, referring to acting, is the posture and expression techniques; play, refers to the performances of martial arts, is formed on the basis of traditional Chinese martial arts, martial arts techniques of dance combinations. The four interrelated and sometimes performing techniques, sometimes cross each other, constitutes a way as the story needs be, but are unified into an integrated whole, reflecting the harmony and beauty, filled with the spirit of music (rhythm). Chinese opera is singing, reading, doing, playing a variety show full of formal beauty as the center of the dramatic form. (B) to reflect the virtual nature of virtual life is the basic drama techniques. It refers to the actor's performance, in a deformed way to compare real environment or object, kite stand up - "Sunflower" to the performance of police life. Chinese opera performance of the virtual nature of the first stage of processing flexibility in time and space, the so-called "three five walk all over the world, 67 people million Heroman", "future generations instant cause, the abbot to rivers and mountains", "blink of an eye a few years, with generations-inch stick of incense, "which broke through the western theater of the" three unities "and" fourth wall "limitation. Second, the atmosphere at a specific stage actor scheduling and simulation of the action of certain aspects of life, such as bad weather, boat trip horse, go-between, and so on, more focused, more clearly reflect the characteristics of virtual drama. Opera mask is a virtual way. The virtual nature of Chinese opera, is simple stage drama, stage technology behind the limitations of the consequences, but also and mainly the pursuit of quite similar, to write to God thought the accumulation of national product of traditional aesthetics. Then a beautiful creation. It has greatly liberated the writer, stage artists, the art of creativity and imagination of the audience, so that the aesthetic value of the opera was a great improvement. Opera music The music is part of Chinese opera, including the vocal part of the singing, rhyme white and instrumental accompaniment parts, opening and transitions music. Among them, mainly singing, solo, duet, singing and singing chime in other forms, is the development of the story, depicts the main character's means of expression. Singing accompaniment, chord line from the prop and get married Paul tone chamber, performing the role of foil. Opening, transitions and use of percussion and other military sites is rendering the atmosphere, rhythm and drama structural adjustment stage an important factor. This opera Chinese opera music is a combination of drama, music, performances, acrobatics, choreography and other arts as an integrated means of an important part of art, you can focus on the performance of theatrical content, is the main indicator to distinguish between different forms of drama. The development of a long history of opera music, Han folk songs, 100 opera music, the Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty rap music and art of dance music is its development. The structure of opera music, there are two main forms: 1 Tune the body (also known song associated body). Singing a variety of tunes that is designed according to the need for joint suffix divertimento form. Including casual - slow - fast - scattered plate change; 2, plate chamber (also known as plate changing body), including basic plate, and a variety of accents, etc. Affiliated plate.
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Encyclopedia
Xiqu Drama Traditional Chinese Opera Unique to China to sing a variety of arts-based and integrated elements of theater types. In Chinese art history "opera" has a variety of definitions, in modern times, it is China's various ethnic groups of the era of the traditional local style of theater known and general. Yuan and Ming, Dynasty gradually declined, the former in the southern continuation of the Southern folk play slow absorption of the Yuan Dynasty of nutrition, but also broke through the dramas in the form of restrictions at the time as social conditions developed into a "legend" of the new theatrical style . The representative works with high-Cheng's "Pipa" and the so-called "Jing, Liu, worship, kill" ("Jing Hairpin", "Liu Zhiyuan", "thanks to the Moon" and "kill a dog in mind") and so on. Popular in the early legend of Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu and other places, there has special play legendary Yuyao chamber, salt chamber, Yiyang cavity, Kunshan cavity, which is first seen in the records of several local opera. After roughly Jiajingnianjian, Kunshan Wei Liang-fu cavity and others due to the innovations in art, much higher, affecting a wide range and enter the feudal upper class. Yiyang cavity is spread throughout North and South, derived from many parts of the opera, the study said Gao Qiang. Legendary name has been in use to clear. From about Jiajing late Kangxi years, 100 years, outstanding works of emerging writers, the history of Chinese opera has become a boom, such as Tang's "Peony Pavilion", Gao Lian of the "Jade Hairpin", Li Yu's "Kiyotada spectrum "Zhusu Chen's" Fifteen Strings of Coppers ", Hong □'s" Palace of Eternal Youth, "Kong Shangren's" Peach Blossom Fan ", are singing is not bad work. Ming and Qing legendary play, a total of about 2600 species. During this period, drama theory, there are high achievements, such as Wei Liang-fu's "Southern word quote," Wang Jide's "music law," Li Yu's "Xian Qing Ou Ji", are important practical experience with theory. From the late Qing Dynasty to the founding of the PRC before China is semifeudal and semicolonial society. Although considerable social unrest, but because
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English Expression
n.: dramatic, traditional opera, singing parts in chuanqi and zaju, a drama, a play, a theatrical composition, Categories of traditional opera
Shaanxi opera