Drama (drama) [Drama; play] specifically refers to the old opera, the use of drama, drama, opera, ballet, drama, etc. in general. Greek drama Theater, refers to the language, action, dance, music, puppetry and other forms of narrative to achieve the purpose of the stage performing arts in general. Dramatic literature on the concept refers to the drama is the author of the script, that script. Theater performances varied, commonly including drama, opera, ballet, musicals, puppet shows and so on. Drama, is an actor playing the role of public performances on the stage of an integrated arts story.
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Specific meaning
An integrated arts. There are two meanings: a narrow specifically refers to the ancient Greek tragedy and comedy as the beginning of the first turn in the developed world widely popular theatrical form in European countries, English as drama (American pronunciation: ['drɑmə] British accent: [' drɑ: mə]), China called drama. Generalized form of the East also includes performances in some countries, the nation's traditional stage, such as Chinese opera, Japanese kabuki, Indian classical drama, Korean drama and singing.
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戏剧的概念
Situation, the laboratory said: early in the 18th century, French philosopher D. Diderot had the "situation" as the basis of the dramatic works. On the characteristics of the drama, Hegel also "situational" and "conflict" associated with, and stressed the ontological significance of the situation. Existentialist philosopher, playwright, J.-P. Sartre own script called "situational drama" and the object of the drama is the choice of behavior in the context. B. Brecht put the drama as a scientific method: Theater is the test laboratory of human behavior in specific situations. This concept from a particular point of view defines the essence of the drama.
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戏剧起源
Therefore called this "riding the rumor"; its injustice, so the words bitter. And their husband to the fighting of shape, that laugh music. "Tap to shake your mother" is actually a dance drama, rather than dance.
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World Theatre History
The birth of Western drama The dawn of Western drama, generally considered to be the ancient Greek tragedy, but the tragedy is derived from the ancient Greek city-states of ancient Greece's Tyge Hersonissos (Dionysus) in worship. In the festival, people play Tyge Hersonissos, singing "Ode to wear God," jump "sheep people dance" (sheep behalf Tyge Hersonissos animals). Ancient Greek tragedy is drama, rigorous quaint, solemn atmosphere. There chorus accompaniment During the performance, the facts show that the presence of the chorus before the actor. About the origin, can also refer to the German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche's early philosophical works, "The Birth of Tragedy." The birth of Chinese drama On the western definition, China is no "drama" tradition. But generally when discussing Chinese drama, if not to the strict definition of division, to be classified in the ancient Chinese opera drama categories. At the root of Chinese opera can be traced back to the Han Dynasty Qin witch ceremony only, but the development of the Southern Song Dynasty drama drama have a complete text creation, the earliest extant ancient Chinese drama script is "Zhang Xie," when the Southern Song Dynasty. When most of the Yuan Dynasty, Pingyang and Hangzhou as the center, the Yuan Dynasty shine. Later formed a lot of drama in the form, which is all operas. After the development of the Ming Dynasty opera, the first doctor to get Nobles sought after and loved, they create a lot of plays, constantly revised scores, while correction opera drama theory, and makes legendary script into a new mainstream literary form. Then the opera and the late Ming and Qing court to get a royal favorite to become part of aristocratic life, to become officially affirmed the dramatic arts, so called "Ya"; and dialects in the country based on local opera, popular folk favorite, claimed "Flower." So in the Qing Dynasty formed a "flower and Ya" is actually a drama co-prosperity. It enriches the opera art categories, also formed their own artistic characteristics. In recent years, researchers drama Tseng of Taiwan made a statement that in the discussion of the origins of Chinese drama, one should distinguish between "drama" and "opera" drama is a mature opera, theater and opera is a prototype. Drama is to be completed before the development of the Jin and Yuan Dynasty after, but before the Song Dynasty, on behalf of the surface of the Tang Dynasty, riding shake mother, bowl first, the army plays, Fan Kuai Jun row hard, etc., can be included in the ranks of the opera, and China Before very early, there is little drama. China prior to contact with modern Western culture, there is no "drama" in the Western sense (mainly drama) tradition. Chinese traditional theater as a kind of story, "Singing and Dancing Story", a comprehensive integrated art form of music, singing, dance, martial arts and acrobatics, which is the folk opera. As a literary drama Dramatic text (ie "script") is one of the basic elements of drama, is a prerequisite for a play. Play the most important thing is to be paraded on stage. Text is not dramatic art is done until after the stage performances (ie "show text") is the ultimate artistic rendering. Literati, and it was not suitable for the creation of over-stage performances, or simply can not perform the script. Such a dramatic text is called the desk drama (also called Den drama) (more famous as Wilde's play "Salome.") Also appeared in the modern theater performances without a script instance. The dramatic literature, without performing state, you can enjoy as a separate literary style. As a performing arts theater With the practice of modern Western drama director and actor in the training system, gradually expanding from theoretical discussions drama dramatic texts to the theater as a whole, and produce new ideas "mise" and so on. Among them, the more well-known formulation is the concept of the 1970s British theater director Peter Brook presented in his monograph "empty space" (The Empty Space) in: "an actor, through an empty stage, which is All a play. " A necessary condition for the occurrence of drama activities 1 regardless of the definition of the word theater, only to meet the following conditions before considered a drama activities. 2 plays two participants exchange: the audience and the actors. 3. Audience and the actors must also be present. 4. Theater events occur within a certain time and space. 5. Theater exchange topic is about a fictional world events, in which the characters played by actors. 6 actors and the audience to share a _set_ of "rules of the game" (ie, semiotics letter code code). 7. Theater events are aesthetic event, participants not only concern the story of the world's information, but also to convey information in the form of care.
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中国省区戏剧划分
Tibet Autonomous Region
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戏剧种类
Performance-based forms, can be divided into drama, opera, drama, dance, drama, etc.;
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Venues
As long as a space, they can become a theater venue, commonly referred to as "theater." Historically, there are many places specifically for the use of drama activities, some outdoors, some indoors. These spaces designed for theatrical performances, including theater, cinema, theater and so on. When ancient China, the so-called first stage is used in the ritual dance, the dancers performed the ceremony stood in soil pushed into a high tower, with the dramatic development of mature, but there has been drama studio, stage, theater pavilion, GouLan and other venues. Western drama performances from the Greek amphitheater, the Roman amphitheater (ie, "Arena"), the development of modern times "proscenium stage" for experimental theater pioneer of the "black box" (Black Box, or for black box, black box), "Little Theatre" (Experimental Theater)
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Performer
At present, many of the actors called theater performer. In Chinese history, there are many who call drama called, for example, actors, Actors, the actress, actor, casual music, etc., but not high because of past theatrical performances in Chinese identity, many of these titles also have deliberately derogatory means, and to "prostitute" call theater performers, of course, is because the performers are singers, but there is indeed a close relationship between the history of drama long time and prostitutes. Chinese Drama - China's five major drama Peking Opera: Mei Lanfang Mei Lanfang Mei Lanfang Mei Lanfang, name Lan, also known Heming, word Wan Hua Hua Huan, not the Department decorated YÚ masters, stage name Lanfang. Jiangsu Taizhou who was born in Beijing in 1894, he was born in a family of opera, 8-year-old began to study drama, 10-year-old debut in Beijing, Canton and floor show "Goddess Marriage", working actress, 1908 hi ride together into classes, 1911 Beijing Peking Opera performers contest held various sectors, posting daisy list, Mei Lanfang ranked third third overall. In 1913 he performed for the first time to Shanghai, the four road junction Osmanthus Daxin first performances of "color floor with," "Jade River", "Muke Village" and other plays, first came to Shanghai on popular throughout the South, was There is a saying among Lane: "a wife should be like Mei Lanfang, Zhou Xinfang son to be like." He absorbed the Shanghai civilized drama, new stage, lighting, makeup, costume design, improved ingredients, creating new play after returning to Beijing to play fashion "evil sea waves", the second year to Shanghai again, played a "streaky hole", "true fake Pan, "" The Drunken Beauty "and other champions, sang 34 consecutive days. After returning to Beijing, Mei Lanfang continue rehearsing a new play, "Moon", "maid trouble learning," "Farewell," and so on. 1916 third time to Shanghai, and even sing 45 days, after 1918, moved to Shanghai, which is the pinnacle of his consummate dramatic art era, several times in Tianchan stage performances. Combination of Tsing Yi, actress, Peking Opera Blues performing style, creating a mellow flowing singing, forming a unique style of Mei school. In 1915, a large rehearsal of new plays Mei Lanfang, in opera singing, the read white, dance, music, costume are made unique artistic innovation, known as the Mei school master. Peking Opera: Xin Fengxia Xin Fengxia Peking Opera Tsing Yi, actress. Formerly known as Yang Shumin. Native of Jiangsu, was born about 1920 in Suzhou. By human trafficking to Tianjin. After Mr. Lao She designed on December 23 of the lunar calendar birthday. Childhood with "sister" Yang Xiang learning opera, thirteen-year-old Wang Xian Fang worship, Deng Yan Chen, 张福堂 other learning Peking Opera, starring fifteen starts. This period Xin Fengxia starred in "The House Wulong", "Red Butterfly Woman," "Poor Scholar", "double marriage", "Three Smiles Scholar" and other operas in Tianjin, Shanghai, Jinan, Qinhuangdao and other places for Peking Opera audience acclaim. Opera: Yuan Xuefen Chinese opera actor, workers Zhengdan. Shengzhou County, Zhejiang Province du Village people. 1933 apprenticeship. Worked in Hangzhou, Shanghai and other performances. She earnestly singing, clean body and self-motivation, Chizhai vegetarian, not in my house, do not succumb to the evil forces of coercion in society, maintaining dignity as an artist. She advocates for social drama should play a useful role, and thus in different historical periods, point out problems and actively performing repertoire. She actively promote opera reform, not only in terms of singing and performing, absorbing, real delicate portrait of character and heart activity; rehearsal and gradually improve the system, use the reform of lighting, scenery and other aspects of the clothing, but also a pioneer. Her reform of opera actors and other operas rushed to follow suit, and after studying under scholars. Representatives repertoire of "Xiang Fei", "Pink armored," "Wang Zhaojun", "mountains and rivers Love", "Xianglinsao," "West Wing Yuan Xuefen (right) and Xu Yulan costar" The West Chamber "stills mind", "The Butterfly Lovers "and so on. "Butterfly Lovers" filmed a large color first theatrical film after the founding of New China in 1953. Huangmei: Yan Fengying Yan Fengying, Huangmei performing artist, born in 1930, died in 1968, her real name Dai Feng, the stage name Fengying, native of Anhui Tongcheng Luo Jialing. Formerly known as Hong-yuan, also known as Dai peaks. Born in 1930, Anqing, 3 years old back home Tongcheng Luo Jialing, childhood joy to sing folk songs and Huangmei because, contrary to family rules, was forced to leave home. Her 12 year old high school singing worship Yan Yun Huang Mei for the tribe, the family will not be tolerated, after running away from home to take formal classes, change the stage name of Fengying. 1946 in music theater group, "small speech shop", "Spring Tour" sensation Anqing, so famous incurring disaster. Yan Fengying from Anqing to Nanjing, from Huangmei. After that, it was the famous old artist Ding Yongquan pointing, after performances in guichi, Qingyang rural and Anqing, Anhui and other regions. In 1947 he joined Hu Jintao, LIU Feng-yun learn to sing opera. North Queensland in 1949 after actor Bai Yunsheng worship as a teacher, and constantly learn Brothers operas long to enrich their performance skills. 1953 to participate in Anhui Huangmei Opera Troupe. 1951 back to Anqing. 1953 transferred to Anhui Huangmei Opera Troupe, served Anhui Huangmei theater actor, deputy head of the second session of the governing Chinese Drama Association, the China Federation of the third member of the Fourth CPPCC National Committee. In 1960 the National Advanced Worker, the National Women's Federation title. In 1960, Yan Fengying joined the Chinese Communist Party. She served as deputy head of the Anhui Huangmei Opera Troupe, was elected as member of China Federation of Literary and Art Circles, the second and third National Committee of the Chinese People's Political. She attended Eastern Region Opera Festival in 1954 was to observe the actor prize. The Cultural Revolution, she accused black line art figures, promotional letters owned repair beauty snake, and was vilified as the KMT spies lurking, repeatedly denounced night of 7 April 1968 committed suicide. May 23, 1978, Anhui Provincial Committee of Yan Fengying rehabilitates, August 21 Provincial Cultural Bureau held Yan Fengying ashes placed ceremony. Opera: Chang Xiangyu Chang Xiangyu Opera performing artist famous person born in 1922 in Henan Gongyi, artist formerly known as Zhangmiao Ling came home she was nine cents father Zhang take classes to learn her body worship Zhai Yan Zhou seawater as a teacher, and renamed with the foster parent surnamed Chang Xiangyu, beginner Wu ugly, niche subject students, professionals play after artistes (Dan feet) deep reactive immature stage thirteen-year-old starred in six West Wing were full of Kaifeng, tune in after the original music performances in western Henan Yudong Xiangfu gradual integration of each tune, and absorption Quju, Shanxi Clapper, Hebei Clapper, singing opera and some other innovations cavity. 1938 enbu illness can no longer play and concentrated on studying Tsing Yi, actress, 1941, went to the show in 1948 in Xi'an, Shaanxi and Gansu founded Xiangyu Drama is committed to developing young actor, in 1951 the rate to support the Korean War drama Northwest Tour, South, and South Africa over the show to show revenue donated "Xiangyu drama number" one fighter has the reputation of patriotic artists, 1952 to attend the first session of the National Opera Theater Festival Conference honors award. In the same year performances abroad. Hearty luck often send enunciate singing, mellow flavor, novel style, with vocal emotion to emotion with sound, colorful crib scene, tastes, energetic performances clear, delicate and elegant, distinctive character, the character inherent in the expression of thoughts and feelings on , nuanced, one person, one appearance, life, art works have Mulan, beat red, bridge, Renhuanmajiao, Red Lantern and so on. She often joined in 1959 China Masters *, Chinese Opera Association served as Vice Chairman, Vice-Chairman of Henan Branch, Academy of Henan Opera, Henan Opera School, is also one, two, three, five, six, seventh NPC representatives.
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Theater organization
The organization composed of theater performers, multi-theater troupe called, in the past more than a troupe called, and if it is a family full of self-employed people, for their own entertainment by trained troupe, called home classes, classes at home After the Ming Dynasty general. China China National Theatre Beijing People's Art Theatre Shanghai Dramatic Arts Centre Performance Workshop Taiwan's modern theater troupes list List of traditional theater troupes in Taiwan Theatre Ensemble Zuni Figure Hong Kong Repertory Theatre Chung Ying Theatre Europe, North America The Royal Shakespeare Company London West End Broadway Art colleges Central Academy of Drama Shanghai Theatre Academy Beijing Opera Institute In addition, under the 6th grade language book books (PEP) has a "Tibetan" this article.
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Encyclopedia
xiju Theater Drama A role in front of an audience by actors, stage art performances of the story. The word "drama" in the West generally refers specifically to the drama; in China, and sometimes refers specifically to the drama, and sometimes it is drama, opera, drama in general. Theater is a comprehensive art, it is the variety of artistic composition literature, performances, art, music, dance and other integrated into an independent art genre. Aesthetic characteristics of this art genre, mainly in the image of the shape on the stage. From this perspective, the script is shaping the image of the stage provides the basis for literature; art, music, dance and other artistic component in shaping the image of the stage play different supporting role; direct image-building is completed stage actor performing arts. In the integrated components in a variety of art in general, living in the actor's performing arts center. In certain periods of the development of dramatic art, such as the Italian commedia dell'arte (also translated as "comedy mask", began in the 16th century, popular between the 17th and 18th centuries), and did not complete a fixed script, just by actor Synopsis self lines according to improvise on stage. In a certain period, a certain style, genre drama performances, and some auxiliary no music, others do not "realism" of the _set_, with only a very simple, symbolic stage devices. Even without a complete script, even if there is no art, music, auxiliary, as long as the actors on the empty stage role in public, show the story, is still regarded as theater. Special performance characteristics means to performers as the center of dramatic art, primarily by shaping the image of the stage actor's decision. Actor playing the role, the story is the basic means of performing the action (external physical movement, language movement, etc.). Actor through intuitive action, the fate of the characters personality and life, the development of various social contradictions live show in front of an audience, the audience sees and hears, such as immersive, sparking emotional resonance, inducing them to think the true meaning of life, which is unique to the power of theater arts. The third category of dramatic literature is literary genre Following lyric, epic form. In the West, although the literature is born out from the epic drama of this mother out, but it was born at the beginning, already has its own characteristics, and gradually with the lyric and epic drawn a line. In dramatic literature, of course, also contains lyrics and epic elements; however, whether lyrical or epic narrative factor factor in the script must be dramatic. The so-called "drama" is as intuitive action figures. Through intuitive action figures reproduced in the event procedure before an audience, regardless of what's occurred in, as long as the action is intuitive reproduced, became something is happening in front of an audience. In the event of the show, they also rely on intuitive action figures show the character's inner world, to express the passion. Constitute the basic ingredients of a script is the character lines and the author of "stage directions." Screenplay of "stage directions" In addition to the activities described in time and space characters other than the main character is an external body movements and inner emotions "indication." Constitute the main lines of the script is the character (dialogue, monologue, narration). Script lines can be used to write poetry, you can also use colloquial prose. The lines in the script language is different from the general literature: either dialogue or monologue, narration, characters' inner activity should be (will, desire, thoughts, feelings, psychological and emotional) expression. No action script very sensitive in nature, static dialogue; each section lines are involved in the problem of whether the action. Therefore, it was the character's lines called "language of action." Language movement, sometimes expressed as opposition conflict between different characters, sometimes appears as a character's inner conflict, sometimes manifested as thoughts, feelings, communication between the characters in a particular context. A variety of conflicts, is an indispensable element screenplay. But a variety of dramatic conflict dramatic contradictions of life. Dramatic conflict including conflict between different characters, a character's inner conflicts and characters conflict with the external environment (social and natural environment) is. Superiority of dramatic art lies in the character of the action through the intricacies of life and its contradictions development process, visually displayed in front of an audience. Since the script was written for the show, a play performed normally no more than three hours, while the space character activities and only a few dozen meters of the stage, therefore, the structure of the way of life of the playwright material _select_ion and script, every stage time and space constraints affected.
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English Expression
n.: board, play, the writing, acting and producing of plays, dramatic literature or art, performed by actors, soliloquy （, long speech in a play, film, etc spoken by one actor, esp when alone, drama; play, romp away with it, first night, render vi. give a performance of (music,a play,a character.etc); give a portrayal of (sb/sth)in painting,etc., drama, trilogy, thriller, theatre, theater, tetralogy, stage, smash, scenario, protagonist, peripeteia, intermezzo
adj.: villainous or serious role or actor in a play, film, etc, heavy
French Expression
n. théâtre, drame
Thesaurus
drama, Play mutter, soliloquize, monologue script Theater or art, dramatic compose
teleplay