Ancient reptiles. The most prosperous in the Mesozoic. Many types, shapes and sizes, the big up to 30 meters. The late Mesozoic extinction for unspecified reasons. Many areas of China have found dinosaur fossils found in Yunnan Lufeng the most famous.
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About Dinosaurs
Dinosaur (dinosaur) The word literally means "terrible lizard." The word is by the British anatomist Sir Richard Owen (1804-1892) created to describe the creatures do not meet today's fossil remains. Dinosaurs were found in two hundred forty-five million years ago, and prosperity in sixty-five million years ago, the end of the Mesozoic reptiles. Or for the dinosaur era and with it the same plesiosaurs, pterosaurs and other fuzzy general. Dinosaurs in the Cretaceous period 65 million years ago, when the end suddenly disappeared, as the evolutionary history of life on Earth a mystery, the mystery still no one can answer it. Earth and the creatures are being recorded in the fossils. Mesozoic strata, which has found many dinosaur fossils. One can see the shape of a large number or variety of bones showing. However, in the immediate formation of the new generation, but not see dinosaur fossils. Thus infer the dinosaurs became extinct in the Mesozoic together. Many kinds of dinosaurs, but also a large difference in body shape and habits. One sub-large, can add up to hundreds of elephants as big; small, but almost with a chicken. To diet, there are gentle and violent, meat-eater herbivorous, and omnivorous dinosaurs ate meat and vegetables.
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Cause of the extinction of dinosaurs
On the real reason dinosaurs became extinct, since ancient times that is divided, but not a definite argument thus far is still an unsolved puzzle study, in which only some of the more known argument are as follows: One. Meteorite collision, said: ___ Scientists have begun to describe 65 million years ago that our heroic scene. One day, the dinosaurs are still enjoy carefree paradise earth to eat and drink, and suddenly the sky was a stab in the eye appears white, a diameter of 10 km equivalent to a medium-sized city like a big boulder fell from the sky. It was an asteroid, it is the speed of 40 kilometers per second one crashed into the sea, the sea knocked a huge pit, the sea was quickly gasification, steam to the high altitude injection of tens of thousands of meters, then _set_ off a tsunami of up to 5 km, and the speed of fast spread of the flood swept through the sky landing on the ground of all, the surging waves swept across the earth's surface converge on the point of impact after the back end, where a huge Deccan Plateau water power led to a strong volcanic eruption, while the direction of the earth plate movement changed. It was a terrible disaster, ah. meteorites hit the Earth had overwhelming dust, polar melting snow, plants destroyed , the sky is full of ash. a dark time, the temperature plummeted, heavy rain, flash floods, landslides swept away and buried it will be dinosaurs. In subsequent months and years, sky, cloud of dust still rolling, dark clouds, the Earth due to year-round not seen the sun and into the cold, the vast land of silence for a time silent. biological history of the end of an era so. II. Comet collision, said: "Comet Collision said," is a paleontologist ─ ─ David • John • Sepp Kesi Ji Lao Pu and published "Paleontology is the extinction occurs once every two thousand six hundred years" as the beginning point generated. Louis • Alba Razvan this argument and his theory of astrophysics who gave Charlie • ─ absurd pull, then pull absurd to think that is because Nemesis sun star half star attraction, periodically the comet into the Earth reason. III. Orogeny wrote: End of the Cretaceous orogeny in the swamp dried up so many to the swamps and the dinosaurs can not be recycled at home to live. After the change because the gas plant has changed, herbivorous dinosaurs can not adapt to new foods, but have been extinct. Herbivorous dinosaurs, carnivorous dinosaurs have lost by holding the results were extinct. This extinction process, which lasted 1,000 ─ 2,000 years. To the end of the Cretaceous, and finally disappeared in the earth. IV. Climate Change, said: As the result of plate movement, currents have changed, but also cause huge climate changes. Cold weather to plant death, lack of food led to the dinosaur extinction. Five. Volcanic eruption, said: Because of the eruption, a large number of emitted carbon dioxide, the greenhouse effect that causes global acute shock, making the food of death. Moreover, the volcanic eruption makes a lot of salt, the release element, the ozone layer break, harmful ultraviolet radiation the Earth's surface, resulting in biological extinction. VI. Ocean at low tide, said: According to Barker's statement, marine low tide, the land borders, the biological contact with each other, resulting in a class of biological extinction. Such as kangaroos, kangaroos in this island continent of Europe to survive, but in the South American continent to meet other kinds of animals declared perish. In addition to this the relationship between eating and being eaten, there are infectious diseases and parasites such problems. VII. Warm-blooded animals, said: VIII. Fratricidal said: Because of the climate problem, so that a large number of extinct plants, making a living by grazing herbivores gradually killed the dragon, while the meat-eater, but also because there is no food, and extinction. IX. Oppression doctrine: Surge in the number of dinosaurs, limited circumstances in plants, resulting in the extinction of herbivorous dinosaurs, followed by consumption of herbivorous dinosaurs living carnivorous dinosaurs because of lack of food, followed by death. (Doubt: How dinosaurs will be up to about two hundred million years after the ecological balance after the sudden increase? The key to the establishment of this doctrine, but also directly caused many scholars to review the reasons for the dinosaur abnormal increase.) Ten. Mammals prisoner, said: In the latter half of the Mesozoic, there are the ancestors of mammals to survive. According to the fossil record of mammalian body size was very small, the numbers are very limited, until the late Cretaceous period, the number began to increase rapidly. Speculated that they belong to omnivorous insects such as the staple food, these small mammals found dinosaur eggs later, continue to take and eat. XI. Kind of aging, said: During the prosperity that the dinosaurs thousands of years up to one hundred million, making the huge body of flesh too. Moreover, the angle, and other skeletal abnormalities are also developed and, therefore, a tremendous inconvenience in life eventually led to extinction. The most representative of the dinosaur Brontosaurus, twenty-five meters in length and weighing up to thirty tons, the size is too large to make the action slow and lost viability. In addition, due to continued huge dragons triangle of the three angles and the protection of the head and other parts of abnormal skeletal development, but the way towards self-destruction. (My opinion: not all the dinosaurs are so huge size, there is only one meter in length around the small dinosaurs. In addition, there are bones like a deer in general, to light running dinosaurs. But why is this the same time dinosaurs became extinct then? Moreover, the abnormal development of bones and other parts of the body in the cold-blooded animals, suggesting that the temperature of the outside world can absorb, but also can release the body's heat to regulate body temperature, with a very favorable features. As a result, I am an aging dinosaur species due to The skeptical of extinction.) XII. Alkaloid doctrine: The theory that dinosaurs are the last days of life ─ that is Cretaceous, flowering plants appeared, some of which contain toxic alkaloids types of dinosaurs because of massive ingestion, lead poisoning and death. Because mammals can distinguish by taste and smell to poisonous plants, but the dinosaurs did not this capacity. However, plants containing alkaloids are not suddenly appeared in the late Cretaceous, the dinosaurs became extinct in five million years ago can be seen. This doctrine did not say why the dinosaurs able to survive during this period. In addition to the twelve claims, there is "infectious disease", "radiation from the universe or a supernova explosion," "not take on the Noah's Ark," "solar system, shock said," and other less known to say, As for the argument that one is the best, depends on everyone's mind, there is no definite right or wrong, after all, the mystery of dinosaur extinction has not really solved it!
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Who is the first dinosaur discovered
Plott - Garonne - the story of Garonne Mrs. Mantel dinosaur really romantic story, Mr. Mantel has to in a strict and realistic approach to explore the ownership of the dinosaurs, is indeed made of human scientific study of dinosaurs, the first step in understanding of dinosaurs. But in the history of the dinosaur fossils discovered early on, but the level of knowledge was limited, it can not be the correct interpretation of these fossils only. As early as 1000 years ago, the era of the Jin Dynasty, Five County in Sichuan Province have been discovered dinosaur fossils. However, when the people do not know that it is the remains of dinosaurs, but to them as the legendary legacy of the dragon bones. Although Plotkin - Garonne - Garonne do not realize this is a dinosaur fossil, did not even link it with the reptiles, but he used written records and the use of illustrations depicting this specimen has been later Paleontologists have identified a giant tooth called the dinosaur of the thigh bone dragon, and the discovery of this fossil Iguanodon Bimanteer couple found as early as 145 years. Therefore, 哈士尔特德 that Plott - Garonne - Garonne should be the first discoverer of dinosaur fossils and records.
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"Dinosaurs" the origin of the name
In fact, the history of dinosaur discoveries is certainly a long time. As early as Iguanodon Mantell couple found before the Europeans knew buried in the ground there are many bizarre giant bones. However, when people do not know their exact ownership, it has been mistaken for "the remains of a giant." As for our Chinese people, as early as 2000 years ago began collecting large unearthed fossils of ancient animals, medicine, and these fossils is called the "keel." Who can sure, the "keel" in the name of the discovery of dinosaur fossils with no connection to it? The oldest reptile fossils dating back to the Paleozoic of the 『』 Pennsylvanian (310 million years ago ─ 27500 million years ago). Trace the origin, when the system evolved from the amphibians. Amphibian eggs in the water can be the beginning of development. Reptiles evolved egg shell, can prevent water distribution. This major reform, so reptiles can live out of water. To 225 million years ago to 6500 million years ago, the Mesozoic reptiles became the dominant person on the planet, it is also known as the Mesozoic era reptiles. Large reptiles that appeared in the early Mesozoic dinosaurs. Herbivorous Diplodocus and Brontosaurus, is the largest terrestrial animal. Tyrannosaurus rex is the carnivorous dinosaurs. Another fish in the sea of life and life in the air long pterosaurs and so on. Reptiles and prosperity on Earth about 100 million 5 million years. Animals of this age, the most well known is the dinosaurs. People mention dinosaurs, I'll look out of a huge and violent animals, in fact, there are small and docile dinosaurs small dinosaurs. Dinosaurs are vertebrates, reptiles in the Mesozoic the land was swamp, in the neck and tail are long. Hind legs longer than the forelimbs and a tail. Including a number of good meat, several kinds of good grazing, the body takes a huge, terrestrial animals can be considered the greatest. The physical type of the next, etc, there seems to the most ancient crocodiles and first class bill, in slightly higher and birds similar to the type. Of dinosaurs, fossils depends. Its fossils paleontologists, the inference of its morphology and behavior. According to paleontologists study dinosaurs as animals are born: there are large, there are small; some with two legs to walk; some with four legs to walk; Some eat plants, some eat animals; have skin smooth, and some scales on the skin or bone plate. Is the common similarities: all the dinosaurs, the brain is very small, eggs in the land (all true reptiles).
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Classification of dinosaurs Introduction
(1) Thunder Dragon: Some of the huge dinosaur body, like the Thunder Dragon is one example. In the Jurassic, the Earth's climate is warm and humid, lush forests everywhere, because these rich plant foods, has brought prosperity herbivorous dinosaurs, Ray Long after this time are now active in North America plain. Brontosaurus weight of about fifteen tons in three to fifty tonnes, it was sturdy legs, like tree trunks, like; long neck, straight up, there are seven buildings as high as can be said to have started the earth's largest animals. Ray Dragon's body is amazing though, temperament is very mild, usually temperate forest plants for food, sometimes into the marsh, with the buoyancy of the water, can reduce the heavy burden of its body, but also to avoid like the difference Trond-like carnivorous dinosaur violent attacks. (2) Three lone Long: Dragon Sword Dragon and the angle of the body plate and bone chip, can only be used as a passive defense, and can not do fight back, to a lonely dragon appears, the situation gradually changed. Three lonely lonely dragon dragon is the largest in size, his head with two spear-like horn, the other an angle between the processes in the eyes and nostrils. Such sharp weapons, even the most terrible it must be one-third of the dinosaur meat. (3) Dragon Sword: Appeared in one hundred and fifty million years ago, Stegosaurus, its greatest feature is the two ribs back arched panels, as well as students with sharp spines on the tail. Stegosaurus is a herbivorous dinosaur, slow-moving, its body panels and tail bone on the tip of spine, has become the best defense to avoid the carnivorous dinosaurs. (4) A dragon: Stegosaurus had bony plates protect the body, but less than the local cover plate is still vulnerable to attack. Gradually disappeared when the Stegosaurus, the body dressed in a dragon bone plate (armadillo Long) will be replaced. A Long tanks like invulnerability, and even T. rex had no alternative to it. (5) T. Rex: Tyrannosaurus rex (T. rex) is the largest carnivorous dinosaurs, most brutal, the appearance time of Tyrannosaurus rex dinosaur age has been the most is the end of about eight million years from now. T. rex's body up to fourteen meters, weighs about ten tons, it is very thick rear strong, and can even hold up their rhinoceros. From the T. rex fossil found that each of its teeth are as big as an adult's hand, even the eyes are bigger than the head. Although most of the body are staggering, but a pair of Tyrannosaurus rex forelimbs are small and short, short As there is no way to get even food into the mouth, the killer dragon and have the same habits of T. rex is very fierce animals. ﹝ 6 ﹞ duck guanlong: Duck guanlong and Tyrannosaurus Rex, as seen in the end of the dinosaur era. Guanlong the most special place duck in the head, it was long, flat jaws, like a duck's mouth, so with such a name guanlong duck. Guanlong the past, people thought that the life and duck duck is similar to swimming in the water and to water plants for a living. Later, scientists found the time to duck guanlong fossil, they are not living to eat weeds, but trees to the shore for food, geese have the same habits guanlong. (7) Iguanodon Later, Mr. Mantel returned home. When his wife collected the fossils a new show in his eyes, he was stunned. He had seen many fossil teeth of ancient animals, but no one to work with so big, so strange teeth similar. In the ensuing long, Mr. Mantel has found fossils found near many of these fossil teeth and bones associated. To find out what these fossils belong to animals in the end, Mr. Mantel brought these fossils French naturalist Georges Cuvier, who was in the world you are the most famous scholars to give identification. Indeed, Cuvier have never seen such fossils, and he read all the books written by the senior scientists and papers has never been mentioned in this fossil. However, Cuvier possession or under his considerable wealth of knowledge of zoology made a judge, he thought the teeth is the rhino, hippopotamus bones, they are not too old an age. Mr. Mantel identification of Cuvier's very doubtful, he thought too hasty conclusions Cuvier. He decided to continue the research. From then on, whenever the opportunity, he went to museums all over the comparison samples to inspect the data. One day two years later, he accidentally made a museum at London's Royal College of naturalists, who were studying a modern lizards to live in Central America ─ ─ iguanas. So, Mr. Mantel with Imperial College London, who came to the fossil museum, and naturalist teeth collected relative ratio of iguanas and found the two are very similar. Mr. Mantel pleasant surprise draw the conclusion that these fossils belong to a class with the iguanas, but the ancient extinct reptiles, and named it as "iguana tooth." Later, as more and more fossil material found in the human understanding of these ancient animals have more depth, we know that the so-called "iguana tooth," this animal is actually a wide variety of dinosaurs, a member of the family ; it does the same with the iguanas are reptiles, but it really iguana genetic relationship with other species than the relationship between dinosaurs still far! However, according to biological nomenclature, this is the first scientifically recorded species of dinosaur names Latin text has not changed and is still a "iguana tooth" mean. However, it were translated into the Chinese name for the Iguanodon. So remember: Iguanodon was first recorded in the history of dinosaur science. Also, do not forget the name Mantle and his wife, who loves nature. Sussex in southern England there is a small place called Lewis. 180 years ago, was once home to the country doctor named Mantle. The Mr. Mantel is full of curiosity about nature, particularly fond of the collection and study fossils. Treatment of more than practice, he often took his wife to walk uphill to find and collect fossils wading, traveled around the various obstacles during the exposed rock. Over time, Mantle became the wife of a "Friends of Nature" and fossil collection expert. (8) Psittacosaurus However, until the couple discovered the Iguanodon Mantell, and were compared with the iguanas, the scientific community was initially identified the lizard which is a similar, long-extinct reptiles. Therefore, the subsequent discovery of new types of dinosaurs and other ancient reptiles, lizards and all related names, such as "like whale lizard", "Forest of the lizard," and so on. Meanwhile, as the initial draw attention to these ancient fossils, often individuals huge, grotesque, really scary. (9) Door River Dragon Ma We now know that the family does have a lot of dinosaurs, scary monster, but there are some small and cute "little things." If you go to the near west side of Beijing Zoo Animal Museum to look at the ancient Chinese, from less than 1 meter in length Psittacosaurus to the body for up to 22 meters of the Horse Gate River Dragon, sizes and shapes of the various dinosaurs must Dinosaur World will make you a more complete understanding. (10) Ssangyong Ssangyong's body is more sturdy, tall skull, jaw developed, the mouth cleft large mouthful of sharp little teeth like knives, as well as the teeth before and after the small serrated edge, these features show that it can shred any captured prey, then swallow large pieces of meat belly. In addition, Ssangyong's skull in the back of the eye parts have holes, these holes in order to better adhere to affect the jaw muscles are used, so the power of dragons must be very powerful bite. Scientists speculated that the early Jurassic Ssangyong ecosystems may be the most brutal, the most ferocious predators. Ssangyong foot dinosaur and ancient buried together Ssangyong thick powerful hind legs, feet long with sharp claws, can be used to capture, tearing prey. About 200 million years ago, that period of time, the dragons often appeared in the high ground between the rivers and lakes or jungle, pursued a variety of vegetarian animals. They may also prefer to live alone, and sometimes may also be found hidden in places difficult to wait for time to attack prey, and even they may also like the modern hyena for various reasons as to the bodies of dead animals and carrion. Jinning County in Yunnan Province in China have discovered fossils of dragons. August 1987, Kunming, Yunnan Province, the museum dinosaur excavation team in Jinning sun_set_ Township unearthed a class belonging to the ancient foot dragon fossils of Yunnan. The news spread like wildfire to attract people from far and wide to come to watch. Yi people here are compatriots, they had never heard of dinosaurs. But when they saw a block of fossils, some people think that these bones are familiar shapes of the stones. Some people told the excavation team, said the wood in the rural _set_ting sun on the hillside village of Lang has seen such a stone. Chinese dragons are the largest carnivorous dinosaur in the early Jurassic period, nearly 4 meters in length, mouth pitched long. The front of its upper jaw has a concave crack, making the maxilla to the former activities. Scientists speculate that it is probably most like to eat the internal organs of other animals, because it's beak can be _insert_ed into the abdominal cavity of dead animals, while the head of the coronavirus that two plate-shaped body can be _insert_ed into the abdominal cavity in the head when the play supporting the role of parietal. Ssangyong Central Tethys fauna is also a member of the species found around the world are so similar. Their fossils in modern Antarctica has found that ice and snow of Antarctica is now at the time of the dinosaurs, but a warm day Mass extinction Dinosaur fossils have been found in recent years, and a new species are constantly found, groups of scientists on their research this way, generations of children and their parents on these mysterious ancient organism with a strong interest. Why is this? Now we also know that dinosaurs are not the lizards. Although they belong to the reptile, but in the category of complex large family of reptiles, dinosaurs and lizards have a difference of genetic relationship is still quite far! From the clever to the brutal beginning Tyrannosaurus rex dinosaur ─ ─ carnivorous theropod Dominant early Jurassic ─ ─ Ssangyong In 1942, Arizona in the United States early Jurassic strata in a large body of theropod dinosaurs, as its head a pair of thin v-shaped bone, the scientists named it Ssangyong. Late Mesozoic mass extinction This is because many of the dinosaurs and we humans are too great in comparison, so we all have to think, they why the president so much? But also because so many different types of dinosaurs, like so strange, could not help but make us want to know, the dinosaur in the end this huge number of family members? A more important reason is that so many once mighty and vital to the dinosaurs lived on earth why the one does not leave to disappear from the earth, without leaving their offspring, but left us with a puzzling mystery. The mystery will always inspire us to explore, to seek knowledge. This is really a mass extinction, a catastrophe. Makes the results of the mass extinction 6500 years ago around this time, life on Earth face of the world has undergone fundamental changes. This mass extinction marks the end of the Mesozoic, the Earth's geological history has now entered a new era ─ ─ generation. Scientists make unremitting efforts, analysis and study can be found all the clues so far put forward to explain this phenomenon of mass extinction theories. But so far, regarding the reason for this mass extinction is still not found a hundred percent right answer. Perhaps that's waiting for you to find the answer. The following, we will come to introduce some of the reasons for mass extinction of dinosaurs on the theory and doctrine, namely you some basic background knowledge, but also hope to find a better explanation for you to provide some inspiration.
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Asteroid impact theory
In 1980, a scientific symposium, Alvarez American geologist, who according to their research, to preach for a vivid dating back 65 million years ago in the soul-stirring story: a sunny afternoon, sun shining under the tropical shrub forest, many different types and forms of the dinosaurs, as usual, quietly or stroll by the lake, or foraging in the water; the edge of the forest, a duck-billed dinosaur was just eggs hatching eggs will survive paced around the nest; in the midst of open fields, and a Tyrannosaurus Rex is ready to swoop on a huge Triceratops ... ... This story is asteroid asteroid caused mass extinction of dinosaurs theory of the essence. Later, many scientists continue to be given support. Some scientists even believe that the Earth has experienced during this period is not only a large planetary impact, but also by a number of times successively smaller, but still serious, life-threatening asteroid impact, which can confirm that the clothing in the Caribbean and the U.S. A Washington State found traces of collision of planets. Evidence for this hypothesis came from all over the world also found in sediments 65 million years ago, the existence of an amino acid. This amino acid contains a lot of iridium, a large number of objects exist in some years, but on earth should not exist. This layer of iridium-rich strata in North America, Europe and Australia have discovered that many areas are in regions of Tibet Gun also found a few years ago this layer containing iridium layer.
Italian physicist Antonio - brushed off recent, mass extinction of the dinosaurs probably because large-scale submarine volcanic eruptions. Professor brushed off the late Cretaceous, the Earth beneath the ocean a series of massive volcanic eruptions, thus, affecting the thermal balance of water, thus causing the land to climate change, thus affecting the need for large quantities of food for a living the survival of dinosaurs and other animals. His argument is that the modern submarine volcanic eruptions on the impact of ocean and atmosphere are well known, but its impact than the 65 million years ago the extent of submarine volcanic eruptions is much smaller. Theory and evidence of breeding frustration
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Laiyang dinosaur eggs
Dinosaur egg fossils Laiyang dark gray color, shape oval, one end is blunt at one end more pointed, maximum diameter of 98 mm, maximum diameter of 70 mm, the minimum diameter of 60 mm. Eggshell surface roughness, a small amount of crack. Excavation process, a small amount of egg shell off, stick a small amount of brown eggshell surface, red silty mudstone. Eggshell thickness of 2-3 mm. Ct scan with ge9800 medical body cross-sectional scanning machine, can clearly distinguish the egg shell, egg yolk proteins, and the outline and location, you can also observe some very well-gastrula blastoderm. Blastoderm in eggs one side than the projection, close to the edge of the egg shell, about 80 mm thick about 8 mm. On the in-depth study of these dinosaur eggs so that the researchers believe the extinction of dinosaurs and frustrated about their reproduction. The reproductive performance of frustrated a lot of dinosaur eggs that hatch there is a problem. Based on the native layer dinosaur eggs in the output, there is evidence that nest success Ovulation habits of dinosaurs, ranging from a dozen pieces, as many as dozens. This high amount of egg production is to win to ensure their normal volume and incubation survival of pups to maintain normal number of ecological strategy in ecology called r _select_ion strategy. All these phenomena show that the late Cretaceous dinosaur eggs hatching in a serious problem occurred, resulting in a dinosaur breeding frustration. These eggs researchers thus believe that this _set_back is likely to be breeding the root cause of the extinction of dinosaurs. Sudden change of climate According to information obtained deep geological drilling, some scientists think the Earth 65 million years ago, an exception occurs on the changes in climate, the temperature suddenly increased. This change in heat capacity of the dinosaurs and other weak cold-blooded animal can not be well adapted to the environment, causing the body's endocrine system disorders, particularly male reproductive system caused serious damage. Result, the dinosaurs can not breed, so to the final extinction. Extinction of the dinosaurs the climate of a sudden change could seriously affect the way a dinosaur egg. Some scientists have found, in the end of the Cretaceous before the extinction of dinosaurs, dinosaur eggs in the shell with the trend of thinning, indicating that mass extinction of the dinosaurs before the effects caused by dramatic changes in climate. Some of our paleontologists also found in some fossil dinosaur eggs in the output location, close to extinction during the dinosaur eggs that pores on the egg shell eggs than any other period of less pores in the shell, it is likely related to climate became cold and dry. Change of atmospheric composition Tortoise Crocodile Modern scientific analysis so that we understand the formation of the earth just a distant era, virtually no oxygen in the air, carbon dioxide is very high. Later, with the emergence of autotrophs, photosynthetic consumption started the process carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, thus changing the Earth's atmosphere. At the same time, carbon dioxide, on the one hand by biological fixation of coal, oil deposited on the ground, the other hand, the process through organic or inorganic form to various types of carbonate deposited. The deposition has been carried out. There is evidence that dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic high concentrations of carbon dioxide, and the subsequent generation of carbon dioxide is low. Whether this change in composition of the atmosphere and the extinction of dinosaurs on it? Lizard As we all know, every living things in the proper environment to be able to lead normal lives, changes in the environment can often lead to the rise and fall of a species. When the environment is conducive to this species, it will prosper; the contrary, it will decline or even extinction. Environmental factors including temperature, water and other factors, including atmospheric composition. So, changes in atmospheric composition would not affect the biological life? The answer is yes. For example, people are at a higher concentration of carbon dioxide will be life-threatening conditions, and some animals even more than people are more sensitive to changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide. Mesozoic dinosaurs lived, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere higher, indicating that the dinosaur was adapted to high concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Perhaps only in that atmosphere, they can live well. At that time, although mammals have emerged, but they never get a big development, perhaps this is due to atmospheric and other environmental elements is not very favorable to them, so they have been in a weak position of the Mesozoic, the slow development. As time goes on, to the end of the Cretaceous, atmospheric environment has undergone tremendous changes, carbon dioxide levels are low, the oxygen content increased, which may be unfavorable environment of dinosaurs in two areas: 1, the dinosaur's body have taken place discomfort in the new environment, it is very easy to get sick, and diseases will spread like the plague. 2, the new atmosphere more suitable for the survival of mammals, mammals become more advanced and adaptable competitors. The role of these two factors, the final extinction of the dinosaurs. Those relict reptiles are few can adapt the old environment, but also to adapt to the new environment a small number of reptile species. Therefore, the extinction of dinosaurs, the asteroid impact may play a role, but it does not appear to be the most critical factor. Changes in atmospheric composition caused the extinction of dinosaurs have two starting point of this theory, one is the atmospheric composition of Mesozoic and modern different. Modern science has been able to prove it. Another is that each biological need the right atmosphere to survive. Modern science is not difficult to verify this.
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"Geological Society of America Bulletin" the latest report
Extinction of the dinosaurs that scientists puzzling mystery of the century, many scientists speculated that the universe is matter hit the Earth many times the reason the dinosaurs extinction. However, a U.S. research group at the bottom of the Atlantic in the analysis of sedimentary rocks and thought, a single asteroid colliding with Earth is the real incentive. In the "Bulletin Geological Society of America" Web site reported Nov. 30 on the findings are published in detail. ■ found Head of Research, University of Missouri - Columbia University geologist Ken • MacLeod said: "Our findings strongly support the single impact hypothesis." 26 years ago, scientists discovered a rare chemical element iridium in the Cretaceous age have been found on earth, and Iridium is the chemical composition of asteroids common elements, which allow scientists to speculate Cretaceous asteroid colliding with Earth, the Iridium to the Earth. Later, scientists identified the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, about 180 km in diameter found in the Chick Rubber is also formed in the Cretaceous crater, allowing scientists believe that the crater is the product of an asteroid strike. Researchers as evidence, in the Yucatan Peninsula from the point of impact about 2,800 miles (4,500 kilometers) below the surface of the 德梅拉拉海 Atlantic mound drilled five samples of sedimentary rock. Researchers 德梅拉拉海 Dome is an ideal field site in mind, from the crater because of its convenient location. If the sampling sites are too close to the crater, the sample may be taken after impact tsunamis, earthquakes and landslides and other reasons can not be a true reflection of the circumstances; and if too far away, the rock will contain little evidence of impact. The researchers said only about 6,500 years ago in the existence and impact of rock-related substances that longer and less in the years do not exist in the rock. This shows that asteroid event only occurs once. McLeod said: "This is a very clear single impact event." Researchers believe that the surface width of 6 miles (10 km) at 65.5 million years ago an asteroid hit the Earth end of the Cretaceous, the formation of Cheek Rubber crater, leading to extinction of the dinosaurs. ■ explained How to asteroid caused the extinction of dinosaurs, scientists have made the following explanation. Quick asteroid smashing into the Earth's environment caused by the drastic changes in the Earth, a huge impact force to a large number of rock and dust thrown into the air, the earth earthquake, ocean tsunami, volcanic eruptions frequently, many forests are engulfed in flames. Dust floating in the air for decades, making it difficult to accept the earth enough sunlight, so the number of plants dropped, resulting in the collapse of the food chain from the bottom. At the same time, increasing the Earth sunlight weakens the cold, rain mixed with volcanic eruption due to become acid rain fell on the hot surface, leading to the living environment of animals and plants face great challenges. Have dominated the earth 160 million years of dinosaur can not adapt to changes in the environment, natural _select_ion was. From life in the ocean mosasaurs and plesiosaurs, pterosaurs flying in the air to a variety of terrestrial dinosaurs were spared. In addition, many paleontology, including ammonoids over the ocean and marine plankton are also in the extinction of this catastrophe. Birds and mammals have been hit, but survived. Hairy surface eventually replace dinosaurs as warm-blooded animals dominated the earth, lay the foundation for human birth. Added: In the past, all scientists believe that dinosaurs, like all reptiles are cold-blooded or cold-blooded animal the same, but with the increasing number of fossil data, people's awareness has changed, it was suggested that some dinosaurs may be warm-blooded animals. First, they believe that some dinosaurs actions are very quick, not like a snake crawling on the ground, but on two legs on the ground running, its speed can reach 20 to 90 per hour, kilometers. This requires a strong heart and maintain a high metabolism, are clearly cold-blooded animals can not. Second, the dinosaurs are a large appetite, presumably, a weight of 30 tons of dinosaur dragon lizard, may have to eat every day nearly 2 tons of food, only a warm-blooded animals only need so much energy. Carnivorous dinosaur from the far less than the herbivore in the point of view, it is reasonable. In addition, there are some smaller dinosaurs body, they are likely covered with a layer of body feathers or hair, which is to prevent body temperature loss. Other aspects, such as the bones of the research, but also showed that some dinosaurs were warm-blooded animals initially. To say a warm-blooded dinosaurs made to be strongly criticized, but how they going to conclusion, the present harder to draw a conclusion. Immemorial years, had lived on the earth --- a group of strange biological dinosaurs. They dominate the Earth, the survival of nearly five thousand million years, the last really amazing to extinction. Today, all we know about dinosaurs, dinosaur fossils are made come. Many kinds of dinosaurs, but also a large difference in body shape and habits. One sub-large, can add up to hundreds of elephants as big; small, but almost with a chicken. On the diet, the vegetarian dinosaurs are gentle and violent, meat-eater, omnivorous dinosaurs still eat meat and vegetables. In addition, the Archaeopteryx and dinosaurs also appear together. 【Note】 dinosaurs: the network looks bad girls often called "dinosaurs." The title comes from the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang called Mr. Wolong, Wolong? Who is lying and Liang together? His wife, ah, the famous Jing Chau ugly. So Long refers to the wife of Zhuge Liang Huang Yueying, also known as Zhuge Liang Zhuge Liang and because, so we have honored Huang Yueying the hole dragon. Later convention, we called the hole on the tube ugly dragon friends. As for Why did the dinosaurs evolved into, mainly to blame spelling input, the dinosaur is the phrase, while the hole dragon is not. Members access to irrigation is not to correct typos in. Dinosaurs can run fast? British zoologist McNair - Alexander the help of modern physics, engineering knowledge and research methods, many of the ancient animals and modern animals were compared functional morphology study found a surprising and interesting conclusions. The earliest dinosaurs Arizona Petrified Wood Park in the United States found a dating back 200 million 2 thousand 5 million years the size of 200 pounds of ostrich dinosaurs. No later than the dinosaurs appear Angle ago in the Cretaceous dinosaurs 100 million 5 million 3 thousand years after the height Largest dinosaur Albuquerque, according to the United States discovered in Afghanistan and the total length of 30 meters long earthquake weighs 80 tons. Introduction Early Jurassic dinosaurs Dimetrodon, good run, three different types of teeth, are divided into incisors, canines, molars of three, similar to mammals, scientists believe they may be the ancestors of mammals. Dimetrodon the name suggests, this is a different from the general or itself has several different teeth of the dinosaurs. Indeed, the teeth of Dimetrodon in three different shapes, three different uses: in front of a sharp front teeth to gnaw the branches of trees; behind the die is used to grind food chewing; and those similar to the canine fangs, may Only males have, probably used as a weapon to use. Strong forelimbs. Dimetrodon lived more than 205 million years of the late Jurassic, living in semi-desertification environment. It is about 1.2 meters and weighing about 2.5 kg, head about 10 cm, was the first, the smallest one ornithopod. Dimetrodon, by definition, it gave birth to different types of mouth teeth. It is a long upper front end came up with small, sharp teeth and horny beak jaw corresponds to bite leaves; upper front teeth gave birth to three meat-based, third satellite is the fangs, and the mandibular first a type of tooth fangs relative; cheek teeth were chisel-shaped tooth crowns, closely packed, for chewing food. Some Dimetrodon no fangs, so some people think that only a male could have such teeth. Dimetrodon usually eat all fours or standing, and only escaped when the first contact intact legs running, running in order to balance the body and tail to rejection to rejection. Scientists speculate that in Dimetrodon eat, use beak a piece plucked leaves or stems, focusing on both sides of the mouth, and then with the chewing, chewing, mandibular _set_back move back slightly, look rather like modern cattle and sheep to eat. It hands the fourth, fifth means is very short, but the first three refer to long, flexible, and have claws, so it can tap root of a number of succulent plants to eat, both nutrition and hydration. It may also dig the nest to devour ants. Dimetrodon Section: ornithopod is important dinosaur of a large family, which consists of some changes in the composition of a variety of vegetarian dinosaurs, including four sections: Section Dimetrodon, edge toothed Long Branch, Long Branch and the beak birds Long Branch. Ornithopod Although all are vegetarian in nature, but due to the different living environment, their form and function of teeth, but there are many different subjects and even among subordinates are large differences between the various genera, and fully Mesozoic dinosaurs on earth shows a good adaptation of ecological environment. We first introduce the Dimetrodon Section. The main course includes the following case: pull the dragon is a Ah Bo Ruiguan head dragon is, in the test case and the Black Dragon is Dimetrodon. Their teeth have the following common characteristics: the high cheek teeth with crowns, crown shape, like a chisel, the former on the jaw bone and teeth are having canine-like teeth. But the different genera showed different degrees of vegetarianism of specialization: A Bo Ruiguan head dragon's cheek teeth are arranged in loose, symmetrical crown, there is a clear ring, the tooth root is not bold, and the crown significantly separately; pull the dragon is the crown and the dragon is a Ah Bo Ruiguan head is similar, but very close to the crown, and even appeared in a number of overlapping teeth; in the Black Dragon is in the examination, the tooth crown is still symmetrical, but both sides have raised the profile both inside and outside, coarse tooth root has a slight contraction, and close to the ring, the crown length ratio is much greater than its width. In Dimetrodon, the tooth root thick, somewhat similar to the cross-section square rather than round, no teeth or tooth root does not shrink ring, crown asymmetry, crown outside the lower teeth are straighter than the bulge inside, and the the case of tooth crown is just the opposite. Convex surface of the enamel, while the more straight with the enamel surface, however, the dragon is a Ah Bo Ruiguan head and pull the dragon on both sides of the genus in with enamel. The Division's teeth tend to crown higher. The dragon is in the pull along the ridge with a pair of lateral tilt of the abrasive surface inward, indicating the movement of its upper and lower jaws is strictly vertical. In the other case, the teeth of the abrasive surface is usually downward from a tooth with a tooth. Dragon is a Ah Bo Ruiguan in the first specimen, the first maxillary canine-like teeth, not dental, may they represent females or juveniles. Ah Bo Ruiguan head dragon is the cheek teeth were chisel-shaped, small toothed protrusions only at the top of the crown 1 / 3, before and after the edge was separated, and thus, much of the small teeth and teeth linked to the base ring. In the middle of the crown has a width of buccal prominence of the signs, but there is no edge to appear. Dragon is the first in Afghanistan Bo Ruiguan, the maxillary dentition to the top of each tooth crown is not symmetrical is little point to the rear, with 4-7 small teeth pointing to the top of the crown and the base ring from the front edge of the combination. In the genus Dimetrodon, tooth crown height and strong, a large edge in the initial buccal crown the center of the primary edge over the rest of the edges have become slightly weaker, in the outermost edge of the middle and primary development of a single edge sub-edge, no ring gear. In the genus Dimetrodon specimens were found to have extremely worn teeth, tooth abrasion surface angle as the animals age increases, ranging from 45 degrees to 65 degrees. The dragon is in Latin, the relevant point of view of 75 degrees to 80 degrees. All of these small differences are that all the Branch Dimetrodon dinosaur genera in the environment has to adapt to different niches of the detailed choice, the choice of such a detailed description of dinosaurs in the Mesozoic is indeed able to take full advantage of all the The success of digital terrestrial animal groups. Long ridges of ice, [a] strange on ice ridge leading crowns, two on each side of a small pyramid. Crown thin as the factors, the scientists speculated that they should not have the crown of the head of defense functions; should be displayed during the mating season to attract the opposite sex use. Dragon is the only ice ridge was discovered in Antarctica theropod dinosaurs, but also for the first time was a record. Anchisaurus also called Wu Long An Qilong, Wu Long, the original broom in 1911, according to South African orange free province by the early Jurassic fossil strata named. The dinosaurs are to 1976, after galton and cluver re-description, in fact, they noted that the fossils excavated from North America and earlier named Anchisaurus completely similar, they have been Anchisaurus replaced by the generic name. Anchisaurus is a very quick, small, bipedal running of the original sauropod dinosaurs. 1973, 108 Geological Team of Guizhou Province, northern Guizhou, and generous self-tap into a basin Anchisaurus China (Wu Long) is not a complete skeleton. However, part of a nearly complete skull. After the study estimates that about 1.7 meter long dinosaur. Later, the scholars said: birds are descendants of dinosaurs, although there are many similarities with the dinosaurs, but there is still the mystery of dinosaur offspring
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Internet Language
Dinosaurs: Internet ugly woman
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Dictionary meaning
1. A class of living in hundreds of millions of years ago the ancient animal, now extinct (the following are all of this means); 2. (Network terms) contemporary looks bad women, refers to ugly.
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Dinosaur
Dinosaur fossils In the history of the dinosaur fossils found in a long time, but was limited because the level of knowledge, but not on the correct interpretation of these fossils only. According to legend, 1700 years ago, back in the era of the Jin dynasty, Sichuan Province (then known as the Ba of Shujun) weapons have been discovered dinosaur fossils County. However, when the people do not know that it is the remains of dinosaurs, but to them as the legendary legacy of the dragon bones. Couple found as early as Iguanodon Mantell (the first dinosaur to be named) before Europeans had been buried in the ground that there are many bizarre giant animal bones. However, when people do not know their exact ownership, it has been mistaken for "the remains of a giant." Dinosaur origin of the name Although Plotkin - Garonne do not realize this is a dinosaur fossil, did not even link it with the reptiles, but he used written records and the use of illustrations depicting this specimen has been identified by later paleontologists is called the giant dragon teeth (now Megalosaurus) dinosaur thigh bone, and the discovery of this fossil Bimanteer couple found the first dinosaur to be named early in the morning --- Iguanodon 145 years. Therefore, 哈士尔特德 that Plott - Garonne - Garonne on record should be the first discoverer of dinosaur fossils and records.
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Dinosaur biology
Definition and basic properties of dinosaurs Dinosaurs (English: dinosaur) is about 200 million live in 3500 years ago to 6500 million years ago, can support the body upright hind, a class of extinct terrestrial reptiles (2006 edition) Advantage is the diversity of Mesozoic vertebrate groups, are terrestrial (live in the land) for reptiles, but can walk upright, the dominant terrestrial ecosystems the world over 100 million 6 million years. (2008) Is not said to vertebrates because the reptiles, dinosaurs are classified as reptiles though, but it does not meet one of the basic characteristics of reptiles, crawl the walk way, and now a cold-blooded animals has been questioned, said. Time of emergence and extinction of dinosaurs Dinosaurs first appeared about 2 million 4 million years ago, the Triassic, the demise of the Cretaceous period about 65 million years ago occurred in the late Cretaceous extinction event. The final extinction of the dinosaurs 63 million years ago in the Cenozoic Tertiary Paleocene. "Dinosaur" origin of the name In fact, the history of human fossils found in a long time. Long before the discovery of early birds, the Europeans had been buried in the ground that there are many strange looking great bones. Until you find the iguana Iguanodon and were compared with the scientific community was initially _set_ This is a group similar to the lizards of the long-extinct reptiles. In 1842, the British paleontologist Richard - Sir Owen (1804-1892) created by a Latin name to them, the Latin root composed by the two in front of the root means "terror" followed by the root means "lizard." Recovery plans from dinosaurs, "terrible lizards" became a term for reptiles. We are both Chinese, have general power of imagination, to the Latin name translated into "dinosaurs." Dinosaurs are not the lizards, though they all belong to reptiles. However, in a wide variety of the big family of reptiles, dinosaurs and lizards, but relative to even close genetic relationship! The relationship between dinosaurs and birds Dinosaurs to the 20th century from the discovery of the first 60 years, due to the lack of understanding of dinosaurs, scientists and the mass media dinosaur into action as lazy, slow, cold-blooded. But since the beginning of the 20th century dinosaur renaissance 70 years, made an active group of dinosaurs may be warm-blooded animals, and may have views of social behavior. The many recently discovered relationship between dinosaurs and birds of evidence supports the view of warm-blooded dinosaurs. But the fact how, needs further research. Development of dinosaur diversity From the early Jurassic to Late Cretaceous, dinosaurs rapidly adapt to the environment and thus make the dinosaur diversity towards the direction of development, population increase in the number of dinosaurs, the dinosaurs of this type has the advantage, which the dinosaurs dominated the earth to terrestrial ecosystems. Many kinds of dinosaurs, but also a large difference in body shape and habits. One sub-large, can add up to hundreds of elephants as big; small, but almost with a chicken. On the diet for a gentle vegetarian dinosaurs (dinosaurs eat plants) and the violent, meat-eater (eat animals, dinosaurs), and omnivorous dinosaurs ate meat and vegetables. Dinosaur behavior The oldest reptile fossils dating back to the Paleozoic of the 『』 Pennsylvanian (about 300 million 20 million years ago ─ 2 亿 80 million years ago). Trace the origin, when the system evolved from the amphibians. Amphibian eggs in the water can begin to be developed. Reptiles evolved egg shell, can prevent the dissemination of eggs in the water. This major reform, so reptiles can live out of water. 45 million years ago from 200 million to 6500 million years ago, the Mesozoic, reptiles dominate the ecology of the Earth has become, it is also known as the Mesozoic era reptiles. Large reptiles that appeared in the early Mesozoic dinosaurs. Herbivorous and Apatosaurus Diplodocus, shape and weight is the largest terrestrial animal. Tyrannosaurus Rex is by far the largest land carnivore. Otherwise the fish living in the sea dragons and plesiosaurs and pterosaurs living in the air and so constitute a complex and comprehensive ecological system. Reptiles and prosperity on Earth about 100 million 8 million years. Animals of this age, the most well known is the dinosaurs. People mention dinosaurs, I'll look out of a huge and violent animals, in fact, there are small and docile dinosaurs small dinosaurs. Dinosaurs are vertebrates, reptiles, has been living in the Mesozoic swamp land and bush, the hind legs and a tail longer than the forelimbs. There are many kinds of good meat, many kinds of good grazing. One type of slow development, similar to the most ancient crocodiles and beak first class, the development of better and birds similar to the type. The method of dinosaurs Of dinosaurs, fossils depends. Dinosaur fossils paleontologist on the research, suggesting that the morphology and behavior of dinosaurs. According to paleontologists study dinosaurs as animals are born: there are large, there are small; others to walk on two legs, some with four legs to walk; Some eat plants, some eat animals, there The only eat plants eat animals; some skin smooth, and some scales on the skin or bone plate, the more feathers. Is the common similarities: all the dinosaurs, the brain is very small (except for meat birds and some dinosaurs), eggs in the land (all of the dinosaurs is true.) Long, long ago, the Earth has been inhabited by strange creatures --- a group of dinosaurs. They dominate the Earth, the survival of nearly 100 million 7 million years, only to mysteriously extinct. Today, all we know about dinosaurs, dinosaur fossils are made come.
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Picture of the dinosaur era
Dinosaurs live on Earth for nearly 100 million 7 million years time, in such a long time, the Earth's environment has undergone many changes. Originally connected into a whole slice of the gradual drift of Pangea, split into the form we know today. These plates drift to the earth around the world, due to light is no longer uniform, the heat conduction is also blocked by the oceans, climate and environment changed followed suit. The early age of the dinosaurs, ferns constitute the major dwarf shrub vegetation on the planet. Plate drift, coupled with climate change, plant species on the Earth produced a great change. However, as these changes are very gradual long time, so the growth of the animal which is still well suited. However, due to the age of dinosaurs mid-crustal motion increases and makes frequent geological activity, resulting in a terrestrial climate change. To the late age of dinosaurs, as the climate became cold and dry, the desert appeared on Earth, due to drift of the earth plates, resulting in high mountain uplift, valley sink, plate carrying continental movements in different directions, making the environment a series of changes.
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Dinosaur Classification
Dinosaurs are: Biology - Eukaryotic domain (ie the total eukaryotic community) --- animals --- ---- vertebrate chordate subphylum door --- ---- lizard-shaped four-legged Chaogang Programme ( Double Kong Yagang )---- ----- reptiles under the Programme of the early Dragon - extinct animals. In biology, is listed as a head. Dinosaurs and other reptiles, the biggest difference is their standing posture and moving way, the dinosaur has a completely upright posture, the limbs of its body built just below the position. This architecture than other types of reptiles (eg crocodiles, their limbs stretched out) in the walking and running is more favorable. According to the structural characteristics of different dinosaurs belt can be divided into two categories: Saurischia (Saurischia), Ornithischia (Ornithischia). The main difference between the two belts in its structure: The purpose of lizard hip belt from the side is a three-launched, the pubic bone below the extended forward in the intestine, while the ischium extended backward, so similar to the structure and lizards; very ugly. Ornithischia purpose belt, greatly expanding both before and after iliac, pubis, anterior pubic before a big conflict, drawing in the bottom of the ilium, the back is greatly extended and stretched parallel to the ischium below the iliac ago. Therefore, the pelvis from the side is a great success type. (There are also other differences.) Saurischia into sauropod (Sauropoda) and theropod (Theropoda). Divided into the original sauropod sauropod sauropod and shape classes. The former living mainly in the Late Triassic sauropod to the early Jurassic, is a kind of mixed food - vegetarian of medium-sized dinosaurs, for example, the first life on Earth a giant dinosaur -------- board dragon, lived in the early Jurassic Anqi Long. Sauropod-shaped principal of the Jurassic and Cretaceous. They are huge majority of vegetarian dinosaurs. Small head, long neck, long tail, teeth into a spoon-shaped. Suborder sauropod known representatives produced in China, Sichuan, Gansu late Jurassic formed by the 19 cervical neck length is approximately equal to half the length of the Horse Gate River Dragon, the world's largest animal known to shape ----- Long or fragile Amphicoelias earthquake and so on. Theropod life in the late Triassic to the Cretaceous period. They are carnivorous dragons, two-legged walking, toe length with sharp claws, the head is well developed, the mouth with long teeth like a dagger or knife. Tyrannosaurus rex is a famous representative of the rest, such as Allosaurus, Giganotosaurus, also quite well known. Ornithischia divided into 5 categories: ornithopod (Ornthopoda), sword dragon (Stegosauria), a dragon (Ankylosauria), horn dragons (Ceratopsia) and swollen head dragon (Pachycephalosauria). Ornithopod is Ornithischia dinosaur categories and the whole class in one of the largest groups of fossils. Their two-legged or four legged, the mandible has a separate front teeth bone, teeth only in the cheek, upper teeth bent inward crown mandibular teeth crown outwards. They lived in the Late Triassic to the Cretaceous, all vegetarian dinosaurs. Such as: duck-billed dinosaur, Iguanodon and so on. Stegosaurus class, four-legged walking back with a vertical plate of bone, tail bone two pairs or more pairs of gill bars, sword dragon live mainly in the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, is the demise of the dinosaurs, a first class category . Its representatives have been living in the plains that sword dragon, was found in Tanzania, Ken Long. A low body dinosaur dragon stout, full deck wearing a bone to eat the plants, mainly in the Early Cretaceous. Such as living in continental Europe Hailar dragon, living in the UK prickly a dragon. Ceratopsians is the four-legged vegetarian dinosaurs. Expansion of the skull into the back of the neck shield, most living in the Late Cretaceous of north China Psittacosaurus found guilty of ceratopsians ancestors type. Including Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus Rex par, docile herbivores Protoceratops and so on. Swollen head dragon skull swelling is characterized by thick, Ru hole closed by the ischial pubic bone plate excluded, not to be part of belt, mainly living in the Cretaceous period. Or whether Saurischia Ornithischia their belts in the ilium, ischium, pubis, a small hole between the left, this hole in the other reptiles of the purpose is not. It is this hole that all other than the purpose of reptiles known as dinosaurs, the purpose of these two animals has recently related.
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The extinction of dinosaurs
Earth's history had polyps of the Mesozoic reptiles have a wide range of eleven dinosaurs. The world of dinosaur fossils have been found up to several hundred, of such a master of the Earth l.6 billion years a large animal groups suddenly in the fall of the late Cretaceous. Wrote a bio in the history of puzzling chapter. Today, only when people see a large number of dinosaur fossils left behind. Traditional view: 1. May be due to asteroid impact or volcanic eruptions caused by crustal movement or climate change and the food is not enough. 2. Probably because the surface has changed and fewer plants, dinosaurs suited to environmental changes, not with the dominant birds and mammals, food fight, and slowly disappeared from the earth. 3. Species struggle said. The dinosaur era, the initial emergence of small mammals, these animals are rodents, carnivores, may be the dinosaur eggs. Because of this lack of natural enemies in small animals, more and more, eventually ate dinosaur eggs. 4. Continental drift. Geological studies have shown that survival in the dinosaur age has only one piece of the Earth's mainland, namely, "Pangea." Changes in the earth's crust, the continent occurred in the Jurassic larger division and drift, and ultimately lead to environmental and climate change, therefore the extinction of dinosaurs. 5. Geomagnetic variation said. Modern biology shows that certain biological and magnetic fields related to the death. More sensitive to magnetic fields of biological, changes in the Earth's magnetic field, when might this extinction. It follows that the extinction of dinosaurs may be related to changes in Earth's magnetic field. 6. Angiosperms poisoning said. The dinosaur era, the gradual disappearance of gymnosperm on the planet, replaced by a large number of angiosperms, gymnosperms these plants contain toxins that are not, a huge dinosaur body odd big appetite, a large intake of angiosperms have led to the accumulation of toxins in the body more, has finally been poisoned. Reason for dinosaur extinction: After a plague invaded bad eggs fail to hatch 2 asteroid 3 mammals strong, dinosaurs become bad 4, cold climate, dinosaurs could not adapt to 5 for mammals eating dinosaurs dinosaur eggs gender imbalance, so the dinosaurs could not reproduce the next generation 6, volcanic eruptions, lava bring a lot of poisonous and harmful substances on the dinosaurs, these substances through the atmosphere, soil or water so that the final extinction of the dinosaurs illness. 7 Some people think that in ancient times, comets hit the earth, so that the surface changed dramatically, so the dinosaurs could not adapt to this environment, leading to its extinction. 2,7 can be grouped into one of a doctrine that celestial crash said. 3,5 and can be categorized as a theory, evolution of mammals, said. 1,5 are also grouped into a theory, eggs attacked said. The doctrine has its imperfections, which has not yet conclusive, whether right or wrong, merits and demerits, we need more evidence. On the real reason dinosaurs became extinct, since ancient times that is divided, but have not formed a consensus view, and thus far remained an unsolved puzzle. Based on available information, there are theories (some doctrine has been denied, can not list them.) Latest theoretical German scientists recently proposed the extinction of dinosaurs is a bad time, "space weather" caused by, say, a strong stream of particles from the universe into the Earth's atmosphere and cause global climate change dramatically, thus resulting in the extinction of dinosaurs. According to the German "Science Illustrated" magazine, from the Bonn Institute of Astrophysics Joerg. Professor Farr said that 6 million years ago, the Earth into a powerful cosmic particle flow "storm". In the event of such turmoil, a variety of high-speed particles enter the atmosphere will reach a hundred times as much as usual, the molecules in the atmosphere, "tear" as necessary for the formation of water condensation nuclei, leading to thickening clouds in Earth's atmosphere , frequent rainfall, the temperature dropped drastically. Scientists believe that the universe is particles led to the outbreak of the dramatic changes in global climate conditions, and can not adapt to such climate change dinosaurs extinct in a short time and therefore 1. Asteroids are generally made of silicon, ferrous elements, a huge asteroid that fell on the earth's surface can not even gone through the long years have vanished, and in the earth has never been found to have such a large meteorite; 2. Most of the late Cretaceous lava rock cooled to form igneous rock, sedimentary rock formed by the accumulation of dust, only a small fraction of the surface. Only the dust of an asteroid impact that the vast majority of plants and animals on the planet at a depth of several kilometers of rock buried in it? 3. Contained iridium asteroid can even spread as well as covering the entire Earth surface? Iridium also exists in the depths of the earth, why only speculate iridium came from countries outside the earth rather than the Earth itself? We know that the Earth's interior from the thermonuclear reaction will continue to accumulate huge energy, once the crust to withstand the internal pressure will break through the crust and the formation of the sudden release of a large outbreak. Iridium date within this mainly in the core elements of a large outbreak by lava eruption was taken deep in the crust from the surface of the earth, and recognized symbol of the end of the Cretaceous clay layer is formed by the accumulation of a large number of volcanic dust. Therefore, the end of the Cretaceous strata of the general increase demonstrate the iridium content in the crust of the universality of the violent eruption occurred. Fossil file tells us that most of the time of death and most dinosaur fossils of dinosaur eggs is in the output end of the Cretaceous Age, has found fossils of dinosaurs and dinosaur eggs, all stored in the iridium-rich clay layer under a thin stratum , which identified with the end of the Cretaceous geology and a series of large-scale orogeny dramatic changes in global tectonic time match. There are still some dinosaurs survived (most of the smaller size) and some as early as Paul, has evolved to the original record of birds, mammals, animals, nature, natural _select_ion follow, the law of survival of the fittest, in a relatively poor environment, evolving through 7000 years, most species changed its original form, the cold-blooded animals evolved to regulate body temperature for the cold of the warm-blooded animals (birds, mammals and humans). Of course, every time after a large-scale evolution of species, there are always some species stay the same, as fish evolved into amphibians, the fish can also continue to survive, reptiles, also has a very small number (crocodile, chameleon scorpion, etc.) still maintained dinosaurs 70 million years ago, the original form. Earth rocks reveal the biological traces in the history of biological evolution, would occur once every certain period of mass extinction, the late Cretaceous extinction of the dinosaurs is not the only disaster in the history of biological evolution, in the earlier years there had been most invertebrates emerged suddenly in a very short time, "Cambrian explosion" phenomenon. Like the creature from single cell to multiple cells in evolution and evolution of reptiles to mammals, as they require an evolutionary process (the 1984 discovery in China Yunnan Chengjiang fossils as evidence.) So far no clear evidence that such large-scale extinction of the dinosaurs extinction was caused by the asteroid impact. However, the Earth's interior that continues to frequent changes in geological structure of the fact that cyclical changes in the environment caused by tectonic "catastrophes" in the process of biological evolution has played a leading role, of course, small-scale evolution of the species is gradually throughout the the evolution of life. Periodic outbreak of objects (such as supernova explosion) is that all planets, including Earth, including in the evolution of an important and indispensable part. Those mountains of marine fossils and sea mines is to explain the dinosaur era but the end result of dramatic changes in the crust the best description. Late Mesozoic mass extinction This is really a mass extinction, a catastrophe. The results of the extinction of about 6500 million years ago makes this time around, life on Earth face of the world has undergone fundamental changes. This extinction marked the end of the Mesozoic, the Earth's geological history has now entered a new era ─ ─ generation. Scientists make unremitting efforts, analysis and study can be found all the clues so far put forward to explain this phenomenon of mass extinction theories. But so far, on this great extinction of the scientific community is still not found a completely correct answer. Perhaps that's waiting for us to find the answer. In some of the more known only to say are as follows: to be starved to death, were killing each other, etc., but now is more and more, but Chinese scientists research: meteorite impact, the dinosaurs survived for 200 years so. Meteorite collision that Scientists have begun to describe 65 million years ago our heroic scene. One day, the dinosaurs are still enjoy carefree paradise earth to eat and drink, and suddenly the sky was a stab in the eye appears white, a diameter of 10 km rather in a medium-sized city like a big boulder fell from the sky. It was an asteroid, it is the speed of 40 kilometers per second one crashed into the sea, the sea knocked a huge pit, the sea was quickly gasification, steam to the high-altitude jet tens of thousands of meters, then _set_ off a tsunami of up to 5 km, and the speed of fast spread of the flood swept through the sky landing on the ground of all, the surging waves swept across the earth's surface converge on the point of impact after the back end, where huge Deccan Plateau sea power led to a strong volcanic eruption, while the direction of the earth plate movement changed. It was a terrible disaster. meteorite hit the Earth had overwhelming dust, polar melting snow, plants destroyed, ash also full of the sky. a dark time, the temperature plummeted, heavy rain, flash floods, landslides swept away and buried it will be dinosaurs. in later months and years, the sky is still cloud of dust rolling, dark clouds, the earth had not seen sunlight for year-round and into the cold, the vast land of silence for a time silent. biological history (dinosaurs) and the geological history (Mesozoic) so on the end of an era. Said climate change As plate movement, currents have changed, but also cause huge climate changes. Cold and dry climate to plant death, lack of food led to the dinosaur extinction. Climate change may also be a direct result of the extinction of the dinosaurs. Volcanic eruptions that Because of the eruption, a large number of emitted carbon dioxide, the greenhouse effect that causes global acute shock, making the plants die. Moreover, the volcanic eruption makes a lot of salt, the release element, the ozone layer break, harmful ultraviolet radiation the Earth's surface, resulting in biological extinction. But this theory has a premise that large-scale volcanic eruption. Italian physicist Antonio - brushed off recent proposal, the reasons for mass extinction of dinosaurs is likely to be large-scale submarine volcanic eruptions. Professor brushed off the late Cretaceous, the Earth beneath the ocean a series of massive volcanic eruptions, which affects the heat balance of water, thus causing the land to climate change, thus affecting the need to maintain the survival of large quantities of food the survival of dinosaurs and other animals. His argument is that the modern submarine volcanic eruptions on the impact of ocean and atmosphere are well known, but its impact than the 65 million years ago the extent of submarine volcanic eruptions is much smaller. Warm-blooded animals that In the past, all scientists believe that dinosaurs, like other reptiles are cold-blooded or cold-blooded animal the same, but with the increasing number of fossil data, people's awareness has changed, it was suggested that some dinosaurs may be warm-blooded animals. First, they believe that some dinosaurs actions are very quick, not like a snake crawling on the ground, but on two legs on the ground running, its speed can reach 20 to 90 per hour, kilometers. This requires a strong heart and maintain a high metabolism, are clearly cold-blooded animals can not. Second, the dinosaurs are a large appetite, presumably, a sauropod weighing 30 tons, may be eaten every day nearly 2 tons of food, and only warm-blooded animals only need so much energy. Carnivorous dinosaur from the point of view far less than the herbivorous dinosaurs, which is also reasonable. In addition, there are some smaller dinosaurs body, which was covered with a layer of feathers or hair, which is to prevent body temperature loss. Other aspects, such as the bones of the research, but also showed that some dinosaurs were warm-blooded animals initially. To say a warm-blooded dinosaurs made to be strongly criticized, but in the end conclusions on how, now harder to draw a conclusion. Kill each other, said Because of the climate problem, the mass extinction of plants, so plant-eating herbivores Dragon gradually destroyed, and the meat-eater, but also because there is no food, and get to crazy, kill each other to extinction. (Doubt: since the extinction of plants led to the extinction of the dinosaurs, why do omnivorous eating insects, also with the extinction of the dinosaurs, and some other animals are safe then?) Mammalian evolution that In the latter half of the Mesozoic, there are the ancestors of mammals to survive. According to the fossil record of mammalian body size was very small, the numbers are very limited, until the late Cretaceous period, the number began to increase rapidly. Speculated that they belong to omnivorous insects such as the staple food, these small mammals found dinosaur eggs later, continue to take and eat, eventually leading to the dinosaur's reproductive crisis, leading to extinction of the dinosaurs. Aging of species that During the prosperity that the dinosaur up to 1 million 6 thousand years, making the huge body of flesh too. Moreover, the angle, and other skeletal abnormalities are also developed and, therefore, a tremendous inconvenience in life eventually led to extinction. The most representative of the dinosaur Apatosaurus, twenty-five meters in length and weighing up to thirty tons, the size is too large to make the action slow and lost viability. In addition, due to continued huge dragons triangle of the three angles and the protection of the head and other parts of abnormal skeletal development, but the way towards self-destruction. (Doubt: not all the dinosaurs size are so large, there are body length is only about a meter of small dinosaurs. In addition, there are bones like a deer in general, to light running dinosaurs. But why this dinosaur also became extinct it? Furthermore, abnormal development of bone and other parts of the body in the cold-blooded animals, suggesting that the temperature of the outside world can absorb, but also can release the body's heat to regulate body temperature, with a very favorable features. As a result, I am aging dinosaur species became extinct due to skeptical argument.) breeding frustration theory Sudden change of climate theory According to information obtained deep geological drilling, some scientists think the Earth 65 million years ago, an exception occurs on the changes in climate, the temperature suddenly increased. This change in heat capacity of the dinosaurs and other weak cold-blooded animal can not be well adapted to the environment, causing the body's endocrine system disorders, particularly male reproductive system caused serious damage. Result, the dinosaurs can not breed, so to the final extinction. Extinction of the dinosaurs the climate of a sudden change could seriously affect the way a dinosaur egg. Some scientists have found, in the end of the Cretaceous before the extinction of dinosaurs, dinosaur eggs in the shell with the trend of thinning, indicating that mass extinction of the dinosaurs before the effects caused by dramatic changes in climate. Some of our paleontologists also found in some fossil dinosaur eggs in the output location, close to extinction during the dinosaur eggs that pores on the egg shell eggs than any other period of less pores in the shell, it is likely related to climate became cold and dry. Atmospheric composition change theory Modern scientific analysis so that we understand the formation of the earth just a distant era, virtually no oxygen in the air, carbon dioxide is very high. Later, with the emergence of autotrophs, photosynthetic consumption started the process carbon dioxide and produce oxygen, thus changing the Earth's atmosphere. At the same time, carbon dioxide, on the one hand by biological fixation of coal, oil deposited on the ground, the other hand, the process through organic or inorganic form to various types of carbonate deposited. The deposition has been carried out. There is evidence that dinosaurs lived in the Mesozoic high concentrations of carbon dioxide, and the subsequent generation of carbon dioxide is low. Whether this change in composition of the atmosphere and the extinction of dinosaurs on it? As we all know, every living things in the proper environment to be able to lead normal lives, changes in the environment can often lead to the rise and fall of a species. When the environment is conducive to this species, it will prosper; the contrary, it will decline or even extinction. Environmental factors including temperature, water and other factors, including atmospheric composition. So, changes in atmospheric composition would not affect the biological life? The answer is yes. For example, people are at a higher concentration of carbon dioxide will be life-threatening conditions, and some animals even more than people are more sensitive to changes in the concentration of carbon dioxide. Mesozoic dinosaurs lived, carbon dioxide in the atmosphere higher, indicating that the dinosaur was adapted to high concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide. Perhaps only in that atmosphere, they can live well. At that time, although mammals have emerged, but they never get a big development, perhaps this is due to atmospheric and other environmental elements is not very favorable to them, so they have been in a weak position of the Mesozoic, the slow development. As time goes on, to the end of the Cretaceous, atmospheric environment has undergone tremendous changes, carbon dioxide levels are low, the oxygen content increased, which may be unfavorable environment of dinosaurs in two areas: 1, the dinosaur's body have taken place discomfort in the new environment, it is very easy to get sick, and diseases will spread like the plague. 2, the new atmosphere more suitable for the survival of mammals, mammals become more advanced and adaptable competitors. The role of these two factors, the final extinction of the dinosaurs. Those relict reptiles are few can adapt the old environment, but also to adapt to the new environment a small number of reptile species. Therefore, the extinction of dinosaurs, the asteroid impact may play a role, but does not appear to be the most critical factor. In addition to the more famous of the 22 said, there are many lesser known claims (such as sunspot eruption, electromagnetic disturbances, Earth's magnetic field changes direction and strength), the question of which one is the best argument, the whole With each idea, and not necessarily right or wrong, after all, the mystery of dinosaur extinction has not really solved. But no matter what happens, one thing is indisputable that the dinosaurs could not adapt to events caused by the influence or change. General reasons that Because the extinction of dinosaurs, only in a variety of external factors in will occur under the action, so this theory is that the extinction of dinosaurs is a complex process, a single cause is difficult to cause the extinction of dinosaurs, dinosaur extinction was caused by a number of reasons, results.
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Specific types of (already verified)
Early Cretaceous --- Early Cretaceous - Before the beginning of Dragon (Eoraptor) Beautiful Long (Klamelisaurus) Allosaurus (Allosaurus) West Wind Dragon (Zephyrosaurus) Birds are dinosaurs today. Long tooth edge (Hypsilophodon) Iguanodon (Iguanodon) Muta Brad Long (Muttaburrasaurus) Fearless Dragon (Ouranosaurus) Horsehair Dragon (Equijubus) High kiss the dragon (Altirhinus) Nanyang Dragon (Nanyangosaurus) Shen Long (Lurdusaurus) Connor Long (Kangnasaurus) Desert Dragon (Valdosaurus) Fukui Long (Fukuisaurus) Jinzhou Dragon (Jinzhousaurus) Tendon Dragon (Tenontosaurus) Original Buck Long (Probactrosaurus) Lei Linuo Dragon (Leaellynasaura) Atlas Copco Dragon (Atlascopcosaurus) Silk Road Dragon (Siluosaurus) Qantas Long (Qantassaurus) Lightning Beast Dragon (Fulgurotherium) Rehe Dragon (Jeholosaurus) Hole vertebral Long (Thecospondylus) Xuanhua Long (Xuanhuasaurus) Narrow Panlong (Stenopelix) Zuni Point Long (Zuniceratops) Old Point Long (Archaeoceratops) Chaoyang Long (Chaoyangsaurus) Liaoning Kok Long (Liaoceratops) Red Mountain Dragon (Hongshanosaurus) Urho Dragon (Wuerhosaurus) Katsuyama Lung (Katsuyamakensaurus) Tsagaannuur Dragon (Nurosaurus) About Baron (Jobaria) Very Long (Ultrasaurus) Asian dragon (Asiatosaurus) Augustine Dragon (Agustinia) Mongolia Long (Mongolosaurus) Niger Long (Nigersaurus) Istrian Dragon (Histriasaurus) Lei You Shoulong (Rayososaurus) Reba Qisi Long (Rebbachisaurus) Limay River Dragon (Limaysaurus) Amarga Long (Amargasaurus) Amazon Dragon (Amazonsaurus) Pukyong Dragon (Pukyongosaurus) Jiangshan Long (Jiangshanosaurus) Cartilage Dragon (Chondrosteosaurus) Arago Dragon (Aragosaurus) Deformity Dragon (Pelorosaurus) South Australian Long (Austrosaurus) Birds face the dragon (Ornithopsis) Addiction Long (Venenosaurus) Star Dental Long (Astrodon) Superior vena Dragon (Eucamerotus) Side Air Dragon (Pleurocoelus) Sonora Dragon (Sonorasaurus) Poseidon Long (Sauroposeidon) Cedar Dragon (Cedarosaurus) High Dragon (Aepisaurus) Aer Ge Long (Algoasaurus) Broken Dragon Qi (Clasmodosaurus) Jute Dragon (Iuticosaurus) Chubut Dragon (Chubutisaurus) Tai Mei Long (Macrurosaurus) Smell Dragon (Tangvayosaurus) Cloth million Long (Phuwiangosaurus) Tides long (Paralititan) Desert Dragon (Gobititan) Andean Dragon (Andesaurus) Malawi Long (Malawisaurus) Top Spinosaurus (Altispinax) Spring vertebral Dragon (Calamospondylus) Dragon Capital (Capitalsaurus) Embarrass Dragon (Embasaurus) Yin Long (Inosaurus) Add Long (Kagasaurus) Katsuyama Lung (Katsuyamasaurus) Akita Long (Wakinosaurus) Vogt Crocodile Long (Walgettosuchus) Karamay Dragon (Kelmayisaurus) The original fear of the dragon teeth (Prodeinodon) Spine vertebral Long (Spinostropheus) Small force Gabe Long (Ligabueino) Beckles Spinosaurus (Becklespinax) Wilton Pirates of the Dragon (Valdoraptor) Ting Foot Long (Erectopus) African hunting dragons (Afrovenator) Tugulu Dragon (Tugulusaurus) Siam Dragon (Siamosaurus) Ridge crest Dragon (Cristatusaurus) Baryonyx (Baryonyx) Like Crocodile Long (Suchomimus) Shock Lung (Irritator) Chonggao Long (Angaturama) Fukui dinosaur (Fukuiraptor) Acrocanthosaurus (Acrocanthosaurus) Dwarf Allosaurus (Dwarfallosaur) New Hunting Long (Neovenator) Carcharodontosaurus (Carcharodontosaurus) Giganotosaurus (Giganotosaurus) Bahariya Dragon (Bahariasaurus) Jilantai Dragon (Chilantaisaurus) Spring Long (Calamosaurus) Ju-Na birds like the dragon (Ginnareemimus) Like a bird's body, woman demon dragon (Harpymimus) Bird Town, seven Dragon (Heptasteornis) Agile Dragon (Phaedrolosaurus) Color snake dragon (Kakuru) Arkansas Long (Arkansaurus) En Perak Woba Dragon (Nqwebasaurus) 内德科尔伯特 Dragon (Nedcolbertia) Santana Pirates of the Dragon (Santanaraptor) Dragon claw bar (Scipionyx) Royal Dragon (Yaverlandia) Very Crocodile Long (Aristosuchus) Sinosauropteryx (Sinosauropteryx) China Compsognathus (Huaxiagnathus) Mei long (Mei) Small ischium Dragon (Mirischia) Original Archaeopteryx (Protarchaeopteryx) Like Tim Long (Timimus) Yixian Dragon (Yixianosaurus) Little Hunting Long (Microvenator) Caudipteryx (Caudipteryx) Microraptor (Microraptor) Gu Microraptor (M.gui) Sinornithosaurus (Sinornithosaurus) Royal Dragon (Dilong) The beginning of Tyrannosaurus (Eotyrannus) Siam Tyrannosaurus (Siamotyrannus) Spit Lutz Long (Tonouchisaurus) China ornithopod Dragon (Sinornithoides) Chinese dragon hunters (Sinovenator) Nasal sinus Long (Sinusonasus) Ancient Ornithomimus (Archaeornithomimus) Divine Dragon (Shenzhousaurus) Mount the Dragon (Sanchusaurus) Like Pelican Dragon (Pelecanimimus) Cutting Long (Incisivosaurus) Pirates of the Dragon (Rapator) United Bird Long (Ornithodesmus) Utah dinosaur (Utahraptor) Deinonychus (Deinonychus) Slim dinosaur (Graciliraptor) Alashan Dragon (Alxasaurus) Achilles Lung (Achillobator) Beipiaosaurus (Beipiaosaurus) Original Haden (Protopteryx) Half-birds (Unenlagia) Near Bird (Anchiornis) Late Cretaceous --- Late Cretaceous --- Meat Dragon (Carnosaurus) Bone-shaped virtual dragon (Coeluroides) Mifune Dragon (Mifunesaurus) Newton Long (Newtonsaurus) Emirates Seoul Dragon (Quilmesaurus) West have long proposed (Sidormimus) Ski Martha Long (Sigilmassasaurus) Soil storage Dragon (Tsuchikurasaurus) Knee Long (Genusaurus) How Long crocodile (Compsosuchus) Dragon-shaped wound (Dryptosauroides) Rui Compsognathus (Genyodectes) Jabalpur Dragon (Jubbulpuria) Bird shaped like dragons (Ornithomimoides) Muscle Dragon (Ilokelesia) Fu Long crocodile left light (Laevisuchus) Fold Dragon (Rugops) Northwest Argentina Dragon (Noasaurus) Dragon (Masiakasaurus) Athlon (Velocisaurus) Ling Pirates of the Dragon (Velociraptor) Mi Crocodile Long (Betasuchus) Strange Ankle Long (Xenotarsosaurus) Taha Trask Dragon (Tarascosaurus) Indian Crocodile Long (Indosuchus) Abbe Force Dragon (Abelisaurus) Ma Jun Long (Majungasaurus) Oka Dragon (Aucasaurus) Fresh Beef Lung (Carnotaurus) India Long (Indosaurus) Rectangular Long (Orthogoniosaurus) Ma Jun cranial Dragon (Majungatholus) Sheng Wang Long (Rajasaurus) Wu Kuiluo Dragon (Unquillosaurus) Spinosaurus (Spinosaurus) Delta Ben Long (Deltadromeus) An Nike Long (Aniksosaurus) Little Hunting Long (Bagaraatan) Bird-shaped original Dragon (Archaeornithoides) Heavy legs Long (Bradycneme) Two Zao Bi Long (Diplotomodon) Marsh birds Dragon (Elopteryx) Gap Long Island (Labocania) Richard Eastes Dragon (Ricardoestesia) European lackeys Dragon (Euronychodon) Near minions Dragon (Paronychodon) Long to be a bird (Avimimus) Lung injury (Dryptosaurus) Sanyo Long (Shanyangosaurus) Dragon Bird an empty threat (Rahonavis) Chiba Dragon (Futabasaurus) By Meadow Dragon (Itemirus) Dulong (Alectrosaurus) Dragon King Kong port (Chingkankousaurus) Fear of the dragon teeth (Deinodon) Long Branch (Alioramus) Albert de Dragon (Albertosaurus) Gorgon Dragon (Gorgosaurus) Long after the curved teeth (Aublysodon) Dwarf Tyrannosaurus (Nanotyrannus) Dark pulse Dragon (Stygivenator) Fear of Tyrannosaurus (Dinotyrannus) Shanshan Dragon (Shanshanosaurus) Daspletosaurus (Daspletosaurus) Tyrannosaurus rex (Tyrannosaurus) Tyrannosaurus rex (T.rex) Special Tyrannosaurus (Tarbosaurus) Luanchuan Special Tyrannosaurus (T. Luanchuanensis) Araujo dry dinosaur (Araucanoraptor) Bored Dragon (Borogovia) Ostrich Dragon (Tochisaurus) Byron Long (Byronosaurus) Bird Dragon lizard (Saurornithoides) Long tooth injury (Troodon) Small claws Dragon (Stenonychosaurus) Fear of hand-Long (Deinocheirus) Like Oak Long (Orcomimus) Like Garuda Dragon (Garudimimus) Like chicken Long (Gallimimus) Like geese Dragon (Anserimimus) Emu like Dragon (Dromiceiomimus) Ornithomimus (Ornithomimus) Like ostrich Dragon (Struthiomimus) China Ornithomimus (Sinornithomimus) Celestine Dragon (Nomingia) Heyuan Lung (Heyuannia) Near Compsognathus (Caenagnathus) Asian Near Compsognathus (Caenagnathasia) Real estate broker Dragon (Chirostenotes) One foot long (Elmisaurus) Citipati (Citipati) Lo stolen dragon (Conchoraptor) Female camel Dragon (Ingenia) Dragon Khan (Khaan) Dragon egg stolen (Oviraptor) A Wala Chi Long (Alvarezsaurus) Dragon claw Patagonia (Patagonykus) Single Claw Dragon (Mononykus) Little Chi Long (Parvicursor) Birds face the dragon (Shuvuuia) Achilles Lung (Achillobator) Ghost Dragon (Adasaurus) Bambi Pirates of the Dragon (Bambiraptor) Korean Dragon (Koreanosaurus) Thief Dragon (Megaraptor) Pirates Fire Dragon (Pyroraptor) Val Pirates of the Dragon (Variraptor) Savage dinosaur (Atrociraptor) Chi Long (Dromaeosaurus) Some dinosaurs with feathers, such as Bambi dinosaur. Pirates of the dragon lizard birds (Saurornitholestes) Eren Dragon (Erliansaurus) Inner Dragon (Neimenggusaurus) Lazy dragon claw (Nothronychus) Peru Long (Enigmosaurus) Death Dragon (Erlikosaurus) Nanxiong Dragon (Nanshiungosaurus) Slow Long (Segnosaurus) Sickle Dragon (Therizinosaurus) Southern edge tooth Dragon (Notohypsilophodon) Thick buccal Dragon (Bugenasaura) Singular Long (Thescelosaurus) Head Dragon (Talenkauen) Ben Hill Long (Orodromeus) Parker's Dragon (Parksosaurus) Crown proboscis Long (Lophorhothon) Concave tooth Dragon (Rhabdodon) Dragon Tooth Gate (Mochlodon) Charles Moxi Si Long (Zalmoxes) Slow Long (Onychosaurus) Bird Bone Dragon (Ornithomerus) Oligopoly Dragon (Oligosaurus) Gasparri nylon (Gasparinisaura) Emirates Dragon (Loncosaurus) Anabaisi Dragon (Anabi_set_ia) Bihor Dragon (Bihariosaurus) Like concave tooth Dragon (Pararhabdodon) Long flat buttocks (Planicoxa) Dragon Tooth Blade (Craspedodon) Strides Long (Hypsibema) Hirono Dragon (Hironosaurus) Manchurian Dragon (Mandschurosaurus) Orthopedics and Traumatology Dragon (Orthomerus) Du Gu Long (Secernosaurus) The beginning of hadrosaur (Protohadros) Broken Dragon (Claosaurus) Total's Dragon (Gilmoreosaurus) Swamp Dragon (Telmatosaurus) Asi Tan Long (Arstanosaurus) Dragon bitter (Gadolosaurus) Fan pelvic Dragon (Pteropelyx) Original Lambeosaurus (Eolambia) Buck Long (Bactrosaurus) Qingdao Dragon (Tsintaosaurus) Charon Dragon (Charonosaurus) Parasaurolophus (Parasaurolophus) Japanese Dragon (Nipponosaurus) Amor Long (Amurosaurus) Evil dragon teeth grams (Jaxartosaurus) Lai Long (Lambeosaurus) Big fan crown Swan Dragon (Olorotitan) Bath bowl's long (Barsboldia) KARON (Corythosaurus) AFC Long (Hypacrosaurus) Duck-billed dinosaur (Hadrosaurus) Small duck-billed dinosaur (Microhadrosaurus) Kerbey Luosi Long (Kerberosaurus) Shuangmiao Dragon (Shuangmiaosaurus) Strong Long (Thespesius) Short Guanlong (Brachylophosaurus) Mother Dragon (Maiasaura) Salt Sea Dragon (Aralosaurus) Griffin Long (Gryposaurus) Small elite dragon (Kritosaurus) The ducks Dragon (Anatotitan) Edmonton Dragon (Edmontosaurus) Shandong Long (Shantungosaurus) Tam Long (Tanius) Original comb Dragon (Prosaurolophus) Chlamys Dragon (Saurolophus) Tin Town, (Tianzhenosaurus) Psittacosaurus (Psittacosaurus) China Psittacosaurus (P.sinen) Meles camp Psittacosaurus (P.meileyingensis) Short feet long (Brachypodosaurus) Swollen head Dragon (Pachycephalosaurus) Styx Dragon (Stygimoloch) Head Dragon (Microcephale) Heavy Head Dragon (Gravitholus) Tilting head Dragon (Prenocephale) Swelled head Dragon (Tylocephale) Round Dragon (Sphaerotholus) Dragon Sword Point (Stegoceras) Flat Long (Homalocephale) Li first Dragon (Ornatotholus) Slightly swollen head Dragon (Micropachycephalosaurus) Decorative dragon head (Goyocephale) Anhui Dragon (Wannanosaurus) South India Long (Dravidosaurus) Qinling Long (Qinlingosaurus) Kuno Bang Long (Hisanohamasaurus) Kin-neck Long (Megacervixosaurus) Sugiyama Dragon (Sugiyamasaurus) Egyptian Dragon (Aegyptosaurus) Long tilting teeth (Campylodon) Long teeth may tilt (Campylodoniscus) North Long (Borealosaurus) North Long (Huabeisaurus) Vineyard Dragon (Ampelosaurus) Takahashi Dragon (Hypselosaurus) Jain Dragon (Jainosaurus) Magyar Dragon (Magyarosaurus) Berry with nylon (Pellegrinisaurus) Heavy Dragon (Epachthosaurus) Argentina Dragon (Argentinosaurus) Slender Dragon (Lirainosaurus) Antarctic Dragon (Antarctosaurus) Bo Nita Long (Bonitasaura) La Mirada Long (Laplatasaurus) Namo cover spit Dragon (Nemegtosaurus) Extraordinary long (Quaesitosaurus) Predatory Dragon (Rapetosaurus) Alamo Long (Alamosaurus) Silver Dragon (Argyrosaurus) Dragon (Titanosaurus) Isis Long (Isisaurus) Rincon Long (Rinconsaurus) Wind Dragon (Aeolosaurus) Gondwana dragon (Gondwanatitan) Long after the end of Au (Opisthocoelicaudia) Neuquen Dragon (Neuquensaurus) Loca Long (Rocasaurus) Salta Dragon (Saltasaurus) E Tuo Ke Long (Otogosaurus) Particularly difficult position Way Long (Taveirosaurus) More Meike Long (Domeykosaurus) Nam Kok Long (Notoceratops) Swollen ceratopsian (Torosaurus) Sauropod dinosaurs of the original Board Dragon (Plateosaurus) Tian Long (Tianshanosaurs) An Qilong (Anchisaurus) Sauropod dinosaur-type Horse Gate River Dragon (Mamenchisaurus) Chen Long (Seismosaurus) Apatosaurus (Apatosaurus) Brachiosaurus (Brachiosaurus) Disk foot long (Euhelopus) Stegosaurus dinosaur Stegosaurus (Stegosaurus) Ken Long (Kentrusaurs) Jialing Dragon (Chialingosaurus) Huayang Dragon (Huayangsaurs) Tuo Dragon (Tuojiangosaurus) A long dinosaur Long back edge (Scelidosaurus) Lin Long (Hylaeosaurus) A long spine (Acanthopholis) Gaston Dragon (Gastonia) Top Shield Dragon (Stegopelta) Wheel Dragon (Tyreophorus) A carved dragon teeth (Glyptodontopelta) Panzer Dragon (Hoplitosaurus) A spiny dragon (Polacanthus) Heavily armored dragon (Sauroplites) Desert Dragon (Gobisaurus) Desert Dragon (Shamosaurus) Minmi (Minmi) Tianchi Dragon (Tianchisaurus) Cedar A Long (Cedarpelta) A Long (Ankylosaurus) Montenegro Long (Heishansaurus) Kitayama Dragon (Peishansaurus) Long teeth holes (Priconodon) Fiber Dragon (Rhadinosaurus) Festival Dragon Sword (Stegosaurides) Ancient Dragon Ili (Palaeoscincus) Claw Dragon Claw (Pawpawsaurus) Stealing meat Dragon (Sarcolestes) Disposable mechanical dragon (Anoplosaurus) Lung nodule groups (Odosaurids) Lung nodules (Nodosaurus) Hailar Dragon (Hylaeosaurus) Thickness of a dragon (Struthiosaurus) 尼奥布拉拉 Dragon (Niobrarasaurus) Texas Long (Texa_set_es) Long live Fort (Animantarx) Edmonton A Long (Edmontonia) Forest Dragon (Silvisaurus) A helmet dragon (Panoplosaurus) Dun A Long (Sauropelta) Baishan Long (Tsagantegia) Mali Long (Maleevus) Shanxi Long (Shanxia) Blue-tailed dragon (Talarurus) Xu Long (Syrmosaurus) An spit Dragon (Amtosaurus) Lung nodules head (Nodocephalosaurus) Long nails back (Polacanthus) Better than one long (Tarchia) Nail Long (Saichania) Baotou Dragon (Euoplocephalus) Painted dragon (Pinacosaurus) Clinton Long (Crichtonsaurus) Dragon dinosaur horn Rough teeth Long (Trachodon) Tulane Kok Long (Turanoceratops) Fiber angle Dragon (Leptoceratops) Angle Dragon (Prenoceratops) Asian Corner Long (Asiaceratops) Small angle Dragon (Microceratops) Ya Point Long (Graciliceratops) An Desa Kok Long (Udanoceratops) Bain Kok Long (Bainoceratops) Lake Point Long (Kulceratops) Kok Long (Ceratops) Open-angle Dragon (Chasmosaurus) Master Dragon (Polyonax) Ugly dragon (Ugrosaurus) Pentagon Dragon (Pentaceratops) Standard angle Dragon (Anchiceratops) No Long Nose Point (Arrhinoceratops) Horn Dragon (Torosaurus) Double angle Dragon (Diceratops) Triceratops (Triceratops) Thick nasal Dragon (Pachyrhinosaurus) River Dragon (Achelousaurus) Horned dragon (Monoclonius) Shorthorn Dragon (Brachyceratops) Bison Long (Einiosaurus) Ji Long (Styracosaurus) Centrosaurus (Centrosaurus) Love's corner Long (Avaceratops) Miracle Dragon (Agathaumas) Bad teeth Long (Dysganus) No Long Nose Point (Arrhinoceratops) Weak Point Long (Bagaceratops) Lama Kok Long (Lamaceratops) Flat angle Dragon (Platyceratops) Dwarf Kok Long (Breviceratops) Protoceratops (Protoceratops) Giant mouth Long (Magnirostris) Echizen Long (Echizensaurus) Montana Kok Long (Montanoceratops)
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Most dinosaur
As of September 31, 2009 The earliest dinosaurs Arizona petrified wood dating back 200 000 000 2 Park found that 5 thousand million years the size of the quality of ostrich dinosaurs about 90 kg. No later than the dinosaurs appear Kok Long ago in the Cretaceous dinosaurs 100 million 3 million years ago after thousands of height 5. Build the largest dinosaurs (land animals) A. fragillimus (body length 58 ---- 62 meters, and weighs about 122 tons) Weight of the largest dinosaurs (land animals) Huge body of the dragon (40 meters in length and weighing about 140 tons) Body shape and weight of the smallest adult dinosaur Near bird (length 30 cm, weight 350 g) The most important dinosaur teeth Tyrannosaurus rex, teeth over 15 cm. The earliest feathered dinosaur Chinese scientists recently Jianchang County in Liaoning Province found Linglongta area of about 1.6 billion years ago, with gross dinosaur fossils discovered so far this is the world's oldest dinosaur fossils with feathers, is a new study of the origin of birds, a major international breakthrough.
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Ugly dinosaur
Dinosaurs: The title comes from the Three Kingdoms period, Zhuge Liang called Mr. Wolong, Wolong? Who is lying and Liang together? His wife ah! Jingzhou ugly famous throughout the region. So Long refers to the wife of Zhuge Liang Huang Yueying, also known as Zhuge Liang Zhuge Liang and because, so we have honored Huang Yueying the hole dragon. Later convention, we called the hole on the tube ugly dragon, many users are using pinyin, dinosaurs and more convenient.
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Encyclopedia
konglong Dinosaur dinosaurs Biological history of the most remarkable extinct reptiles 〔see Reptilia (fossil)〕. Them in the Late Triassic (or Middle Triassic) from fake crocodiles evolved from the Late Cretaceous extinction of life on Earth 1.6 billion years. In the Mesozoic dinosaurs to become one of the most prosperous of animals, therefore, the Mesozoic is known as the "dinosaur era." The study of dinosaur fossils dating back 30 years the 19th century. In 1823 the first British DW Buckland described the giant carnivorous dinosaur fossil tooth (Me □ a-losaurus); later, GA Mantel describes in his 1822 collection of fossil birds (I □ uanodon). 1842 R. Owen summed up the previous research on the results of reptile fossils, creating the term "dinosaur." 1872 HW Seeley belt structure based on the difference of dinosaurs, the dinosaurs are divided into two objectives: Saurischia and Ornithischia, the former three-shot with lizard-like belt, which has almost the radiance and the bird-shaped belt. Saurischia the facial skull is short, back before the expansion of the maxilla, maxillary, and have a 1 or 2 front holes. Frontal and parietal bone is short, after the extension of nasal and temporal Ru hole developed, the anterior nose, palate bone hole shapes, square bone vertical, short deep skull. Lower jaw, no front teeth bone, teeth, the number of uncertain: before maxillary 3 to 5, each jaw 15 or so. Number does not mean the spine; cervical 9 to 10, back 10 to 15 vertebrae, the sacral 3 and 6. Vertebral level was concave-type or double type, and the neural arc structure changes, the spinal transverse extension of the neck long and slender ribs, back ribs well developed; recommended rib and iliac bone and sacral healing. Education before the sudden shoulder blade, black beak and the scapula bone healing in general, and its beak on a black hole. Metacarpal is short, ranging from degradation of forefoot, belts very strong, high short ilium, the pubis hole developed, ischium long, progressive type of tightly by the pubis and ischium, and even healing. Femur length, width, and was curved around the femoral head and neck developed, and its large and small turn a significant section of the tibia and fibula growth, sudden rise in the talus, bird-like hind foot to toe a line. The purpose of the original type for the post-legged, and progress on behalf of another four-legged walker. According to limb structure, combined with lifestyle, Saurischia divided into two sub-orders: theropod and sauropod-shaped sub-projects. Theropods with three sub-projects: Coelurosauria second head (Coelurosauria); meat Long time Head (Carnosauria); Deinonychus second head (Deinonycho-sauria). ② Long time head meat: almost all large carnivorous bipedal walking type of animal. Skull tall and adapt to predation, due to more muscle fixation, so the surface rough. Two huge holes present, some species developed longitudinal ridge of the head, lateral temporal Ru Kong
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English Expression
n.: dinosaur, dinosaurian, tyrannosaur, large extinct reptile