Imperial deal with affairs of state or dinner home building
Translated by Google
No. 3
Forbidden City, the Ming Dynasty and Qing Dynasty palace, is China's largest and most complete existing ensemble of ancient royal buildings. - "Palace Museum"
Translated by Google
No. 4
Means the imperial residence. Also refers to tall ornate housing. "Han Baiguan or poor form": "doctor orders, Qin official, Ye palm palace door, there is Cheng." Tandoori just "sad river head" poem: "Jiang first palace lock 1000, Xi-liu San Whom green? "Song Lu" Yuqing Yu Tung Ching Gong Mountain View complex sitting between the rain "poem:" near the water Shoko lock Cuiwei, Cave Palace of the Qing Hui. "Yuan Wang Shifu" The West Chamber "the first of the fourth act:" Vatican Wang Palace on wheel high, Pik Shui smoke enveloped glass. "Guo Xiaochuan" west, Yang Guan "poem:" the thrill of climbing a few little knowledge Yeah, a few 1000 ares chlorogenic, like Crystal Palace prominence in the middle of the sea. "
Translated by Google
No. 5
Palace North Korea and the imperial palace is a place to live, large-scale, spectacular images, the pattern of rigorous, gives a strong spirit of infection, emergent royal dignity. World of traditional Chinese culture focus on the consolidation order, and the Western and Islamic religious buildings to the main building is different from the highest achievements of Chinese architecture, is the largest palace. From primitive society to the Western Zhou Dynasty, the palace has undergone a budding leader living together, gathering, and the festival as one of the chaos is not multi-functional sub-stage of development and functional differentiation of worship, will only be used towards the king robes and live. In utero, the further differentiation of these two functions that form a "former post-sleep" pattern. Often rely on the existence of the city palace, the axial symmetry careful and precise regular pattern of the city, highlighting the status of the palace in the capital. Chang'an palace is the most magnificent palaces in history, according to the site of the Daming Palace with Palace and Yuan Lin De Dian palace was restored fully reflects the artistic achievement. Palace of the Ming and Qing Forbidden City Beijing is the existing (Palace) and the Shenyang Imperial Palace (the late Ming and early Qing) two, to the Forbidden City's largest and most complete. China in the Qin palace was formerly the common name of residential buildings, from the princely residence of the civilian population can be said to the palace, Qin and Han dynasties, becoming the emperor's private residence name; Hall originally referred to the big house, after a Chinese emperor's private residence in the name of important buildings . Since then the term used, refers to the palace of Qin Qin former princely residence and after the emperor's residence. The main palace in the capital is the country's power center, outside Miyagi, garrison defense. Miyagi includes etiquette and the emperor lived part of the administrative part, said the former toward the inner court, after sleep or outside; In addition, warehouse and service facilities. China Palace is often the most ambitious, the most luxurious buildings, architectural art means to express the supreme imperial power and influence. The relationship between the palace and the capital of the palace before the Spring and Autumn relationship with the capital to be further exploration. Since the spring, the view from the ruins and in-kind, generally in two stages. Since the spring to the Tang Dynasty, mostly in the capital of Miyagi, Miyagi side or both sides close to the wall; others are outside in, attached to the side of the city wall or a corner; and even took part in the construction of two city. Examples of this are Qi Linzi city, Han Zheng Old City, Handan City, Zhao, Han Chang'an City, the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Northern Wei Luo Yangcheng, Wei Ye City, Sui and Tang Chang'an and Luoyang City, Miyagi, etc., or the palace area. From the Northern Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty Kaifeng City, gold in both, Dadu city, that both the Ming and Qing Beijing, capital of Miyagi in being, surrounded by the city surrounded. Since the spring to the Han dynasty, have more than one city palace, palace between the residential areas. Since Wei Ye City, the palace concentrated in the northern capital, with separate residential areas, roads on both sides of the former palace layout Government Office, to form the capital of the north-south axis. To Chang'an City in the whole city into Miyagi axis, then Song Bianliang City, Dadu city, the Ming and Qing Beijing inherited this pattern. Shape from the business until the Qing palace, palace or ancient literature, or sites, or kind retained its shape and evolution of the relationship can be broadly test. Henan Shang Palace Yanshi Erlitou site is surrounded by a gallery courtyard veranda-style buildings, it was speculated that it is the early Shang Palace. Mall in Zhengzhou, there are also several large construction excavation site, some people think that is a commercial mid-palace ruins. Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan recognized the late Shang Dynasty palace ruins. These palaces are buried in the rammed earth base in the wooden pillars, with a tile roof not seen the final business of the world, not out of the palace, "Mao Heights earth-order" state. Western Zhou Dynasty Western Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Palace has not yet proved that the palace ruins. According to the Warring States Period, "Kao Gong Ji 'account, the Zhou Dynasty palace divided former, after the sleep of two parts. Toward the front of an outer, inside North Korea, Yan toward dynasties (also known as big North Korea, Japan and North Korea, often towards) and Gao door, the door, three door way. Miyagi outside the main entrance should be towards the front door with Que. North Korea in the uterus in the door, the door way between the door way to sleep, sleep, and after sub-king of sleep. Wang's sleep is sleep that way, toward the front of the court that the Yan. "Kao Gong Ji" was found in the mid-Western Han Dynasty, as "Zhou" get lost "winter official" by the late Eastern Han Zheng Xuan notes, was officially listed as the Confucian classics. Therefore, "Kao Gong Ji" contained in the palace there is no system in the Han palace reflected in subsequent generations of Chinese palaces have great impact. These palaces have to make in accordance with "Kao Gong Ji", the palace strictly divided into two parts and the inner court toward the outside and have a clear axis. But "Kao Gong Ji" in the three described by Zheng Xuan Zheng cited expanded public statement five, it is outside the palace towards the future generations are part of the "three towards five." From the Spring and Autumn period has been found that the palace ruins, usually in the high seventy-eight meters to ten meters of rammed earth platform ladder-shaped wooden frame temples built layer by layer, to form buildings, the outside walls and doors. This is conducive to high-profile construction and observation of defense around the movement, but also shows the power of majesty. As a result, the Qin and Han palaces were also many large high profile construction. Such as the ancient city of Shanxi Houma Ping Wang, Yan Yi County are under the ruins, the city of Handan Zhao, Qi Linzi city, Shandong, etc., have this palace ruins. One Handan Zhao palace ruins, there is a clear north-south axis. Eastern suburbs of Xianyang City, Xianyang Qindu have unearthed ruins of a palace, which is located on high ground north shore of the Wei, the history books said, "Xianyang North Osaka" on. The palace site with a dense, extending eastward along the waterfront Heights. Rammed earth has been excavated a high residual pedestal about 6 meters, an area of 45 m × 60 m, was originally speculated that rammed a pier built by high-profile buildings, including halls, hall, corridor, bedroom, bathroom, storage and so on. There kang room, fireplace and cellar used for food preservation, the table has better drainage. These can be understood through the palace of the late Warring States overview. But it is only a minor palace palace, Xianyang Gong's overall layout is unclear. Qin Qin unified the country after the palace, built a large palace. According to "Historical Records" contained a total off (referring to the Hangu Pass) in 300, the customs 400. Xianyang around the Guanzhong Plain and the main are: Xianyang Palazzo Vecchio, Wei North Osaka palace on the imitation of a series of six temples, Xianyang Palazzo Vecchio in the south building across the Wei River in the letter Shanglin Parkland Palace (Shi Huang Yi Yue Xianyang Twenty-seven years Palace, after the very temple said to like the celestial pole, is moving where, as throughout the center of the palace), the northern foot of Lishan Mountain Oasis of residence for the Empress Palace, north of Xianyang Jiugong "Beiling" on the new Kitamiya and so on. Around 200 of these palaces and temples in between the inner 270, a Court Road or corridor connected. Later, another camp in the Wei River south toward the grand palace, another name for the Metrical, will of the DPRK as a major, but not completed and Qin Wang. The early use of the Qin Dynasty Western Han Palace residues - built into the Changle Gong Xing Dynasty, then went on to build Weiyang the west, as an official palace for the Queen Mother lived in Changle Gong. Emperor, emperor providing additional time for Prince Kitamiya live. Dynasty, built in the northern city of Gui Palace, the Ming Palace, and in the west to create a building within the chapter house Shanglin Parkland. The palace covers an area of large, sparse layout of the building, not built by the Ming and Qing as intensive, rigorous. Each Hall of self-contained area. Han toward the big front hall will be, shall serve as a daily east of the West Wing. Wang Mang front hall when the king changed Weiyang Road Church, analogy "Kao Gong Ji" contained in the way sleep. Jianzhang Palace is Palace, Palace and the Court is binding, both the DPRK will, live, play, watch and other features of the new palace type. Eastern Han capital Luoyang, the first camp palace, after the build Kitamiya, Lianggong capital divided by wall, north wall, in every city, with three Court Road, linked to the palace each front hall. Han Huan, Shi by building Lingdi East, Nishinomiya. Wei Wei Palace palace when concentrated in one area, and urban distinction clear. Wei Ye City and Sun Wu Jiankang city palace are concentrated in the north of the city, arranged on both sides of the road before the house government offices. Jin, Northern and Southern Palace generally bent along its front hall building by hand what the impact of the Han Dynasty to the main hall for the big move will Taiji Dian purposes, both sides of the building things together, deal with daily government. From Southern Jiankang, the generations-long north-south Miyagi basic rectangle with the central axis, south of the open three, Sui, Tang, Song, Jin and Yuan Miyagi are true to the Ming Dynasty it was changed to the south one. Sui Sui Dynasty palace camp Daxing Town, created in the former Imperial City, Miyagi, focused government offices on the inside. Intrauterine former Northern and Southern Han to the main hall of an anti-church side by side with something that big move and usually toward the row of the layout, chasing Shao, "Zhou" old-fashioned, analogy dynasties five north-south column of the layout, the central axis, in Nam Tai Chi Palace built the main entrance, astrotech two palaces. Cheng Sui Tang system, only the doors of the house to change the name. Chang'an Edward Ouchi main entrance door to Miyagi outside North Korea, New Year's Day, Winter Solstice banquet will, decree, Amnesty, foreign envoys to North Korea, etc., are held. Tai Chi door to build the central axis, astrotech two palaces, the former shall serve in Japan and North Korea on a regular basis, which shall serve as a constant daily toward. Five are: Edward door, Guardian doors, Tai Ji Men, Zhu door, astrotech door. This column system for the hall door Song, Ming and Qing dynasties are inherited, is China's feudal society, the latter part of the layout of the palace typical way. Chang'an City in the northeast, when the Tang Emperor Regency built outside the Daming Palace. Front of the central axis built three palaces, temple-containing element for the big move, Nobumasa Hall of Japan and the DPRK (also known as "positive Ya") and Capital Pavilion Temple is often Dynasty (also known as "Neiya"). Arrangement within the Tingdian Yu is free, and the pool is too fluid and, combined with Penglai Mountain Scenic Area, which is the Han, Wei Gong and since the Court to the traditional layout. Sui and Tang dynasties, the Palace is also very prosperous, important are Linyou Renshou Palace (to Jiucheng Gong Tang), Zhongnanshan Taihe Palace (Palace of the Tang to Cuiwei), Tang Hua Qing, etc. Palace then went along in the construction of a large palace. Bianjing Song Song Yuan palace in the original palace is based on the rule Bianzhou House converted. Miyagi Tang Daming Palace of the area and only about 1 / 10, the official Government Office Miyagi outside with most of the residential and domestic, Yuan You also spread outside the city. There are three parts of the court toward the former. But by the area, and do not like as before and after the construction of three Tang Daming Palace Hall. The main entrance to Xuande Miyagi door, the main temple door Daqing Hall for the ceremony the DPRK will use the equivalent of a large move. Capital Pavilion, West Hall for the subsequent slant, is Japan and the DPRK. Daqing Hall Wende Hall's west, said, "is Ya." Subsequently Chuigong Hall, is always towards. Dynasties is not an axis. Miyagi Xuande the main entrance floor, the lower masonry Zhou puzzle, opened a five-door, gold nails red lacquer, carved dragon and phoenix Fei, above the gatehouse, there are flowers around the building and the palace are covered with glazed tiles, see Bureau of the Northern Song Dynasty palace gas is small, but gorgeous gorgeous than the Tang Dynasty. To compensate for the shortcomings cramped scene before the palace, the south front of the building to open up wide Xuande Street, Royal Street Gallery is located on both sides, in order to Chazi Street (fencing) and drains across the road into a three channel, in the middle of the emperor Okimichi, both sides of the can pass people. Drainage next to the plant flowers and trees, forming the leading part of Miyagi Hong-li, is Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing ago marked the beginning of thousands of steps gallery. Gold in both the Ming Palace is located southwest of Beijing, inherited Song regulation, but the anteroposterior axis of the Emperor and Empress building points anteroposterior two groups, due to the extensive use of green glazed tile and white marble, building style beautifully. Dadu southern palace in the capital, divided into three parts: a large inner court where Miyagi is in the whole city axis; Miyagi's home to the west of the Queen Mother and Prince Edward Long Fu Gong Xing Temple of the home; north of Miyagi the Regency. Intrauterine inherited gold in both the central axis palace built in the Ming Palace, the extension of penthouse two groups, for the emperor, Empress anteroposterior. There are many characteristics of other temples, such as in the traditional Chinese-style temples with fur or silk for the inside barrier, lichens, not exposed walls, floors and wooden frame, to maintain a nomadic life still learning Zhanbao; yellow glazed tile was developed into , green, blue, white and other colors, but also like to use red dragon decoration; still fear my son Temple, brown hair, and masonry building the house, showing the Han, Tibetan, Central Asian and other ethnic architectural factors . Ming Palace Ming Palace was built in three: Nanjing, in both the Pro Ho and Beijing. Nanjing palace was built in Yuan Dynasty (1366), Miyagi bell in the Old City outside the northeastern side of the south of Shanxi toe, the songbirds fill the lake was built, the terrain has the disadvantages of high to low. But Beiyi Zhongshan, south plains, the situation was open, and with a clear distinction between the old city, without disturbing each other, and no government offices and residential messy mix of pay ills. Hongwu Imperial said the main entrance door, door Okimichi both sides of the central ministries and five Military Government, Okimichi northern tip of the outer five Longqiao, cross the bridge by Edward door, side door, reached the main entrance of the Meridian Gate in Miyagi. Palace built around the central axis two palaces of the former Mukden, canopy, like body three Hall, is outside the main hall towards; after dry clean, Kun Ning Liang Gong, there is something about the inner court main hall Palaces. This was built around the central axis of the two palaces decorated with gold in both, Dadu palace the same, but it outside the house analogy towards three dynasties, the Hongwu door to the front of the temple of the five door Fengtian analogy five. And Ming dynasties, the Tang and Song period every morning, each of a different independent palace, but in a palace in the house just before and after the three-phase reconstruction. Ming palace in Nanjing this afternoon the door and things just kept the door of the Chinese base. That the Beijing palace was built in 15th year ten years (1417 ~ 1420), plus the Qing Dynasty default despite repeated alterations, reconstruction, but the basic pattern remains unchanged, so far there are many temples belong to the Ming Dynasty left structure is the oldest existing Chinese magnificent ancient buildings. Clear customs before, in 1636 the city built this palace in Shenyang, smaller, three road construction (see the Shenyang Imperial Palace). Although follow after entering the pass Ming Palace, but most of the time living in the Qing emperor Summer Palace, Chengde Mountain Resort, etc.. Yuan You become emperor principal residence only place. So are located outside North Korea, the inner court, to build a large number of temples, and large-scale, though not within the palace, but also very impressive. Qin Shi Huang, the Emperor's Palace to create a system in Qing Yuan You been fully developed. Chinese ancient architecture is an important part of traditional culture, while the palace is one of the most magnificent of the wonderful work. Both in the structure, or in the form, they have shown the dignity and grandeur of the royal style, which is different from other types of buildings. For thousands of years, ancient feudal dynasties are a symbol of imperial authority attaches great importance to the construction of the palace, the palace building to form a complete system. China Palace is the most complete ancient palace complex, unique in world history of architecture, is an example of classical Chinese-style buildings and the largest palace. Liang said: "The building is both a continuation of China two thousand years of an engineering technique in itself has resulted in an art systems, many of the buildings is the performance of our culture, heritage, arts and bulk." The following are the types of ancient Chinese architecture and name: (A) the hall Chinese ancient buildings in the main building, including the Temple and the Church into two types of forms, including Hall of the palace, ritual and religious buildings are dedicated. Hall, Hall appeared in the Zhou Dynasty were called. "Church" word appeared earlier, our intention is within the room relative terms, a building outside the front of the open part. Church around the orderly, folders, rooms on both sides there is room, compartment. Such a construction also referred to as Church, refers to the emperor, princes, the doctor, who the Home Office building. "Temple" words to appear late, originally from the physical appearance of high back; for the building, said his body tall, status significantly. Since the Han dynasty, and the Church generally refers to the Government Office Dizhai the main building, but the palace, temple architecture in secondary hall can also be said, such as Southern and Northern Dynasties palace "things together," Buddhist temples in the lecture hall, dining and so on. Hall and Hall can be divided into steps, housing body, the roof of three basic parts. Stairs and the roof of which formed the most obvious appearance of Chinese architecture features. Due to the constraints of the feudal hierarchy, Hall and Hall in the form of construction on both the difference. Hall and Hall in step approach appeared earlier on the difference: Only court order; Hall not only order, as well as Pi, which in addition to their pedestal, the following table as there is a tall base, the long Pi level contacts up and down. Hall generally located in the palace, temples, imperial gardens and other buildings of the center or the main axis, the plane, mostly rectangular, and square, round, shape and other workers. Hall of space and scale are often components of larger, more meticulous renovation practices. Church as general sites, Government Office, house and garden in the main building, its flat forms, more moderate body mass, structure, practices and decorative materials is relatively simple, and often show more local features. (B) the pavilion Chinese ancient architecture in the multi-storey buildings. Court House and there is a difference in early. House is re-house, the lower Court is elevated, the bottom of the building hanging. Court generally planar near-square, two, sit there, in the home building group can be the main location, such as Buddhist temples in the House as the main body, Dule Temple Guanyin Pavilion is one example. House repair is more narrow, curved, often living in the building group a secondary position, such as Buddhist temples in the Canon House, after the palace in the building, car building, etc., in the construction group about the last one or the location of the car. Later the word pavilion exchange, no strict distinction between the ancient castles and use a variety of architectural forms. Tower had emerged in the Warring States period. Han tower as high as three. Que House, city buildings, watchtowers and so on are used more often in the Han Dynasty pavilion form. Han Emperor in thrall to the god of alchemy, said that the construction of steep pavilion can be immortal. Buddhism came to China, a large number of built pagoda building is a pavilion. Northern Wei Luoyang Yongning Temple pagoda, high "four-zhang," Barry, you can Yaoxian. Should be built in the county in Shanxi Province, Liao Dynasty Buddhist Temple Temple release Jiata high 67.31 meters, the highest in China is still extant ancient wooden architecture. Scenic tour can take the high ground of the pavilion building is often also used the name, such as the Yellow Crane Tower, Poetic and so on. Ancient Chinese pavilion, mostly wooden structure, a variety of architecture in the form. Phase overlap in square wooden Lei Cheng Tseng Lan posed by high-rise shape, said well □ type; the single-layer overlap and constitute the entire building construction, weighing house style. Since the Tang and Song dynasties, the layer structure of an additional platform layer, the layer within the canopy and floor to form the dark, the Wai Yan pick a pick _set_s, this form is called the Song sit. Column connected between the upper and lower layers, the transfer method is more complicated structure. Pavilion since the Ming and Qing architecture, the layers of wooden pillars and continued with a long column through the material, and take a cross-Liang Fang overall framework, known through the column. In addition, there are other variations of the pavilion structure forms. (C) Pavilion Chinese traditional architecture of small points around the open architecture for people to stay, Ferris, also used for ritual, known as the pavilion, appeared in the late Northern and Southern Dynasties. "Pavilion" and refers to the ancient grass-roots administrative agencies, and has a hostel in the form of booths _set_ up for general cease, balcony view to the form of victory, such as hills, waterfront, city wall, bridge and garden. There are also special purpose kiosks, such as the pavilion, Jingting, slaughter pavilion, bell kiosks. Pavilion of the plane in the form in addition to square, rectangle, circle, polygon, there are cross, chain, plum, fan and other forms. The roof has kiosks save tip, Xie Shan, cone-shaped and other forms of complex. Large eaves of the pavilion can be built, or four plus Baoxia. Tomb, the ancestral temple of the pavilion, Jingting do very solemn, like Ming Changling of Beiting. Large majestic pavilion can be done, such as the Beijing Jingshan Wan Chunting. Small, lightweight and elegant pavilion can be done, such as the Hangzhou Santanyinyue triangular kiosks. Pavilion of different forms of art can produce different results. Construction practices, the structure of the wooden pavilion was the most made of stone tiles is also useful. Ting more Cuanjian Ding and conical roof. Has emerged in the Han Dynasty corners Cuanjian Ding, octagonal Cuanjian Ding and conical top in the Tang Dynasty funerary objects already discovered. Song "to create a French" contained in "pavilions bucket tip," is similar to the umbrella frame structure. This approach can be seen in the garden south of the Qing Dynasty. Ming and Qing dynasties, square pavilions multi-purpose wiping angle beam, multi-purpose pavilion polygonal tip save Grilled beam, by cascading up. The basic structure is a rectangular pavilion housing construction and the same. (D) Gallery Chinese ancient architecture in the top of the channel, including corridors and verandas, the basic function of sun, rain, and for people to rest. Gallery is a form of ancient Chinese architectural features characteristic of the important part. Temple eaves gallery, indoor and outdoor as a transitional space, constitute the actual situation on the building shape changes and an important means of rhythm. Enclosed courtyard of the cloister, the pattern of the courtyard space, body mass plays an important role in the beautification and can cause serious, lively, open, deep, and occlusion, connectivity and other different effects. Garden veranda mainly demarcate area, resulting in a wide range of spatial variation, increased depth of field, the best viewing routes lead role. Gallery detail often in geometric patterns with railings, benches, chairs goose items (also known as beauty or by the king by), hanging down, painting; walls often decorated with assorted lights on the windows, grilles, March Portal, bottles doors and other decorative architectural elements. (E) Taixie Chinese ancient times, the high ground on the pier called rammed earth station, the wooden platform known as the pavilion housing the two together as Taixie. The earliest stage of Taixie just rammed earth wall construction have column-free, small scale Changting for overlooking, feast, with a shot of the line. Sometimes with a moisture-proof and defense capabilities. Taixie many sites, there are spring and Jin are the famous ruins of the new fields, all under the ruins of the Warring States Period Yan, Zhao Handan Old City site, Qin Xianyang Gong site, have retained a great ladder rammed earth station. Also refers to the open pavilion surrounded by large houses. After the Tang turn in the water near the water or build a building called the waterside, but this is completely different from other types of construction Taixie. (F) Temple Ancient Chinese ritual architecture. Requires a serious neat shape, can be divided into three categories: 1, ancestor worship temple. Ancient Chinese emperors and other princes of the building known as ancestral veneration ancestor. Imperial ancestral temple called the Imperial Ancestral Temple, the temple system of different ages. Imperial Ancestral Temple is the highest level of the building. Nobility, Xianhuan, aristocratic families worshiped their ancestors or ancestral family temple construction, said. Position along the lines of the Imperial Ancestral Temple, located in the mansion east of varying scale. Some temples attached to free school, granary, Opera Tower, functionality beyond the scope of worship. 2, dedicated to saints of the temple. The most famous is the veneration of Confucius Confucius, also known as Temple. Confucianism is regarded as the ancestor of Confucius, Chinese emperors after more than Chong Fengru school. Confucius Temple in Qufu, Shandong largest. Enshrined the Three Kingdoms era famous temple called the Temple of Guan Yu, also known as Mo Temple. Sanyi Temple was built in some places, worship together Liu Bei, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei. Ming Chen is also enshrined in many places, sages, righteous, chastity, as enshrined in Nanyang, Henan, Sichuan, Chengdu and three well-known statesman Zhuge Liang's "Temple"; Hangzhou, Zhejiang and Henan Tangyin enshrined national hero Yue Fei of Song "Yuewang Miao" and "Yue Fei Temple." 3, worship mountains, gods of the temple. China since ancient times to worship heaven and earth, mountains, Sichuan and other natural objects and _set_ up the temple shrine, such as the soil behind the temple. The most famous is enshrined Five Sacred Mountains - Mount Taishan, Huashan, Hengshan, Hengshan, Songshan temple, the largest of which Taishan Dai Temple. There are a lot of people from various religions and customs of worship buildings, such as Temple, Earth Temple, Dragon King Temple, Cai Shenmiao and so on. (VII) forum China is mainly used for worship of ancient days, the Taiwan-based activities such as boat building. Inside and outside of Beijing Temple of Heaven, the altar, at the altar, altar, altar pray Valley, boat altar and so on. Sacrificial altar is the main building, is the general term for the whole group of buildings. Mostly in the form of the altar and other theories based on yin and yang. For example, the Temple of Heaven, the altar of the main building were used to round and square, from the hemispherical dome is said. Temple of Heaven used the number and size of stone are using an odd number, is used as the positive and the ancients in days to representatives of the odd positive to say. There are three double eaves of Heaven were covered with glazed tiles in three colors: green canopy on the symbol of blue sky, the yellow symbol in the eaves of land, a symbol of all things under the green canopy. Sixteen years into Qianlong three are blue, co-exclusively to the meaning of heaven. (H) tower Buddha relic worship or collection (pagoda), Buddha, Buddhist scriptures, monks and other body-type point of towering buildings, also known as the "pagoda", "pagoda." Tower originated in India, often referred to as "the Buddha figure," "Buddha", "Budo" and so on. Tower is a great number of ancient Chinese architecture, form the most diverse of a building type. Generally from the underground palace tower, tower base, tower, tower, and Tasha composition. Tibetan relics underground palace, located in the middle of the ground below the tower base. Taki, including base stations and base. Tasha at the top of the tower on top, usually by Xu Mizuo, Yang Lin, covered bowl, with wheels and Sarah composition; also Baogai over and above the phase round, round light, and Sarah Yang month of Tasha. Tower of many species of China's existing tower more than 2,000. By nature, a matter for the worship of Tibetan Buddhist pagodas and monks Muta; according to the materials used can be divided into pagoda, pagoda, pagodas, metal tower, ceramic tower; according to structure and shape can be divided into the pavilion tower , Miyan tower, single tower, towers and other special assassination Well shape of the tower. Pavilion-style tower with the famous Xi'an Mercy Temple, Temple, Xuan Zang Hing Education Tower, Suzhou Yunyan Si tower. Miyan famous tower has Dengfeng Songyue Temple, Xi'an recommended Fu Temple, Chong Sheng Temple, Dali Chihiro tower. Single tower with the famous historical city of Shen Tong Temple Gates Pagoda, Beijing Yunju Si pagoda group net Tibetan Temple in Dengfeng be good Zen master tower. Well Tata body painted white assassination, commonly known as "White Tower." Well-known in Beijing's Miao Ying Temple, Wutai County, Shanxi and other Tayuan Baita Temple. Diamond throne tower famous diamond throne in Beijing Ching Temple tower. (I) screen wall Built in the courtyard or on the door outside the gate and barrier gate used for the relative wall, also known as the screen wall, according to the wall. Screen wall inside the door or in the formation of a gate both connected with the streets and limited space for every transition. Ming and Qing Dynasties from the form of sub-screen wall has a shape, figure eight and so on. Beijing large multi-residential character outside the walls on both sides, and eight-shaped screen wall across the street as opposed to the formation of a slightly wide in front of the space in the street; shaped door with a screen wall, screen door and around the walls and form a small square hospital, as two from the streets into transitional housing. Screen wall to build more homes in the South outside. Rural residential use of rammed earth or adobe still screen wall masonry, on the Daugava top. Palaces, temples multi-screen wall glass inlay puzzle. Ming and Qing palaces, temples, Government Office and Dizhai are screen wall, Shanxi Datong Nine Dragon Wall is the famous son of the first Ming emperor palace Gui's behalf before the glass screen wall. Beijing Forbidden City in the North Sea and the Nine Dragon Wall is famous. (X) Square Table With the recognition of ancient China, to commemorate the role of guiding the building or signs, including arches, ornamental columns and so on. St. Paul, also known as arch, is one of only a single row of columns, or up into the role of control room building. Add a single row of columns rather than increase the amount of Fang and other components as the roof of the arch, known as the arch of the roof on the facilities, this roof known as the "floor" above the roof top of the column is called "sky arch." Archway built on Palace, Yuan You, temples, tombs and other large groups of buildings at the entrance, the shape of a higher level. Soaring arches are more established in the town Jiequ impulse to places such as the starting point of the road, intersection, bridge ends and the store facade. The former became a prelude to the construction group, resulting in a solemn, solemn, deep atmosphere, the role of the main building from the foil; the latter can play a rich street, flag effect. Some cities and towns in South Street, a row across the arch of the construction of more than a dozen, mostly for "Commendation fame" or "recognition section of filial piety." In the scenic mountains are mostly built on the Hill of St. Paul, is a prelude to monasteries, but the process is the mountain symbol. Chinese table as pairs of columns, from the logo or commemorative role. Han said Huan table. Before the Yuan Dynasty, China, mainly wooden table, wooden cross on the plug, stand on top of a crane, situated in the junction, and the Government Office before the bridge. After the Chinese table, mostly out of stone, under Xu Mizuo; stone pillars carved with a cloud top stone, known as cloud plate; capitals Uehara up crane use squatting beast, commonly known as "overturned roar." Chinese table surrounded by stone balustrades. Chinese table and railing over the exquisite relief facilities. Ming and Qing Li Hua table in the main palace, mausoleum before the individual has standing in the bridge, such as Beijing Marco Polo Bridge head. Ming Yongle of the Ming Tombs and Tiananmen Square Beijing was built around the Chinese Stele existing table is typical. Palace and the palace People often say "palace", "Palace" and "room" there is a difference between the palace suites housing, and later developed to mean the composition of a number of building construction, specifically refers to the last emperor of the room. "Temple" is moved "hip" in the lower body, so the meaning of abode in the tail, the last name of the game, "runner-up," walk in the final retreat called the "rear"; while another sits meaning. Tall house foundations are generally higher, as sitting, it is also called "Temple", the temple is also called at the house of worship Buddha. Such as "Main Hall." The House may also refer to the temple, and later specifically refers to the Taoist temple, such as peach Palace in Beijing, Longevity Palace, Wenchang Palace and so on.
Translated by Google
Encyclopedia
gongdian Palace palace China in the Qin palace was formerly the common name of residential buildings, from the princely residence of the civilian population can be said to the palace, Qin and Han dynasties, becoming the emperor's private residence name; Hall originally referred to the big house, after a Chinese emperor's private residence in the name of important buildings . Since then the term used, refers to the palace of Qin Qin former princely residence and after the emperor's residence. The main palace in the capital is the country's power center, outside Miyagi, garrison defense. Miyagi includes etiquette and the emperor lived part of the administrative part, said the former toward the inner court, after sleep or outside; In addition, warehouse and service facilities. China Palace is often the most ambitious, the most luxurious buildings, architectural art means to express the supreme imperial power and influence. The relationship between the palace and the capital of the palace before the Spring and Autumn relationship with the capital still needs further exploration. Since the spring, the view from the ruins and in-kind, generally in two stages. Since the spring to the Tang Dynasty, mostly in the capital of Miyagi, Miyagi side or both sides close to the wall; others are outside in, attached to the side of the city wall or a corner; and even took part in the construction of two city. Examples of this are Qi Linzi Old City, Old City Han Zheng, Handan Zhao Old City, the Western Han Chang'an City, the Eastern Han Dynasty and the Northern Wei Luo Yangcheng, Wei Ye City, Sui and Tang Chang'an and Luoyang City, Miyagi, or the palace area, etc. . From the Northern Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty Kaifeng City, gold in both, Dadu city, that both the Ming and Qing Beijing, capital of Miyagi in being, surrounded by the city surrounded. Since the spring to the Han dynasty, have more than one city palace, palace between the residential areas. Since Wei Ye City, the palace concentrated in the northern capital, with separate residential areas, roads on both sides of the former palace layout Government Office, to form the capital of the north-south axis. To Chang'an City in the whole city into Miyagi axis, then Song Bianliang City, Dadu city, the Ming and Qing Beijing inherited this pattern. Shape from the business until the Qing palace, palace or ancient literature, or sites, or kind retained its shape and evolution of the relationship can be broadly test. Henan Shang Palace Yanshi Erlitou site is surrounded by a gallery courtyard veranda-style buildings, it was speculated that it is the early Shang Palace. Zhengzhou Mall in recent years have uncovered several large construction sites, some people think that is a commercial mid-palace ruins. Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan recognized the late Shang Dynasty palace ruins. These palaces are buried in the rammed earth base in the wooden pillars, with a tile roof not seen the final business of the world, not out of the palace, "Mao Heights earth-order" state. But future generations has always been the palace courtyard-style layout, this is emerging. Western Zhou Dynasty Western Zhou Dynasty and Spring and Autumn Palace has not yet proved that the palace ruins. According to the Warring States Period, "Kao Gong Ji 'account, the Zhou Dynasty palace divided former, after the sleep of two parts. Toward the front of an outer, inside North Korea, Yan toward dynasties (also known as big North Korea, Japan and North Korea, often towards) and Gao door, the door, three door way. Miyagi outside the main entrance should be towards the front door with Que. North Korea in the uterus in the door, the door way between the door way to sleep, sleep, and after sub-king of sleep. Wang's sleep is sleep that way, toward the front of the court that the Yan. "Kao Gong Ji" was found in the mid-Western Han Dynasty, as "Zhou" get lost "winter official" by the late Eastern Han Zheng Xuan notes, was officially listed as the Confucian classics. Therefore, "Kao Gong Ji" contained in the palace there is no system in the Han palace reflected in subsequent generations of Chinese palaces have great impact. These palaces have to make in accordance with "Kao Gong Ji", the palace strictly divided into two parts and the inner court toward the outside and have a clear axis. But "Kao Gong Ji" in the three described by Zheng Xuan Zheng cited expanded public statement five, it is outside the palace towards the future generations are part of the "three towards five." From the Spring and Autumn period has been found that the palace ruins, usually in the high seventy-eight meters to ten meters of rammed earth platform ladder-shaped wooden frame temples built layer by layer, to form buildings, the outside walls and doors. This is conducive to high-profile construction and observation of defense around the movement, but also shows the power of majesty. As a result, the Qin and Han palaces were also many large high profile construction. Such as the ancient city of Shanxi Houma Ping Wang, Yan Yi County are under the ruins, Handan Zhao Old City, Old City, Shandong Zibo Qi, etc., have this palace ruins. Handan Zhao palace ruins in which there is a clear north-south axis. Eastern suburbs of Xianyang City, Xianyang Qindu have unearthed ruins of a palace, which is located on high ground north shore of the Wei, the history books said, "Xianyang North Osaka" on. The palace site with a dense, extending eastward along the waterfront Heights. Rammed earth has been excavated a high residual pedestal about 6 meters, an area of 45 × 60 m, was originally speculated that rammed a pier built by high-profile buildings, including halls, hall, corridor, bedroom, bathroom, storage, etc. . There kang room, fireplace, and for food preservation
Translated by Google
English Expression
: hall, chamber
n.: palace, official home of a sovereign, an archbishop or a bishop
Thesaurus
basilica
Related Phrases
Throughout the country priority Cultural relic Preserve denomination
World heritage
Qing Dynasty build
Wikipedia Daquan
travel
build
Civility heritage
cyclopedia
France
history
consortium
United Kingdom
showplace
Handan city
tourist attraction
nuwa
Russia
culture
human culture sight
Gugong (Imperial Palace)
art
Mazu, Goddess of the Sea, worshiped by most fishermen in Fujian and Taiwan Provinces
basilica