Can handle a variety of computer information carriers collectively, including text, sound, graphics, animation, images, etc..
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The definition of multimedia
Multimedia (duō méi tǐ) of the English word is multimedia, it is by the media and the multi two parts. Generally understood as a comprehensive variety of media. Media (media) is the exchange of information between people intermediary, simply, is the information carrier, also known as media. Multimedia is the meaning of multiple media, can be understood as a direct role in the human sense of text, graphics, images, animations, sound and video and other media, collectively, that is, the manifestation of a variety of information carriers and delivery methods. Multimedia or Multimedia Messaging Service, mms (multimedia message service), SMS is a technology development the highest standards. Its most important characteristic is that it can support the multimedia features, with high-speed transmission technology edge (enhanced data rates for gsm erolution) and gprs, wap as the carrier to send video clips, pictures, sound and text, not only between the mobile phone multimedia transmission. And can be transferred between mobile phones and computers; the short message an average of 3 million bytes capacity, up to 10 million bytes; with mms enabled mobile phones built-in Media editor, you can write multi-media information, if you installed a built-in or external cameras, users can create and send a powerpoint format, information or electronic postcards. Multimedia technology is not a simple composite of various information media, it is a the text (text), graphics (graphics), image (images), animation (animation) and audio (sound) and other forms of information together, and through comprehensive management and control of the computer can support the completion of a series of interactive information technology operations. Multimedia technology has changed the field of computer use, the computer from the offices, laboratories and special products in the ordinary into the information society tools, widely used in industrial production management, school education, public information consulting, advertising, military command and training, and even family life and entertainment.
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Analysis of multimedia
Multimedia is a combination of computer and video technology, in fact it is the two media; sound and image, or in today's terms: audio and video. Multimedia itself has two aspects, and all modern technologies, it is a hardware and software, or a mix of machine and ideas. Multimedia technology and features can be conceptually divided into control systems and information. Enabling force behind multimedia is digital technology. Multimedia represents the digital control and digital media convergence, the computer is a digital control system and the digital media being today's most advanced audio and video storage and transmission. Fact, some people see multimedia simply as the combination of computer and television. Real-time processing ability of computers to television and sound data streams in time, multimedia was born. Multimedia PC needs more than the capacity of mainstream computer, multimedia PC defines the mainstream of computer development. Separate an ordinary computer and the main thing is the multimedia computer sound card and CD-ROM drive. Multimedia CD-ROM is the main storage and exchange of media. Without the convenient CD, the computer industry to constitute a multi-media programs can not sell hundreds of megabytes of audio, visual, and textual data, you can not get multimedia. Now what is multimedia. It is not any one thing, but included a complex combination of many things: hardware, software and the interface where they meet. No, we've forgotten one of the most important thing. Multimedia also includes you. Well, that is! For multimedia, you are no longer a passive audience, you can control, you can interact, you can do it according to your needs. In a report, you can chaff and dig directly into the important data that can be of interest to the world's compilation of reports and video clips together. This is the strength of multimedia and its relationship to traditional media (such as books and television) the difference. In the computer and communications field, we mean the body of the information, graphics, sound, images, animations, can be called media. Computer and communications equipment from the perspective of processing information, we can the original message of nature and human society, there's Type --- data, text, audio language, audio, painting, animation, images (static and dynamic movie photos , TV and video), etc., down to three basic media: sound, picture, text. Conventional computer can handle only a single media --- the "culture", television can spread the sound, graphics, text integration of information, but it is not a multimedia system. Through television, we can only passively accept the way the information can not be two-way, actively processing information, not the so-called interactivity. Although interactive video phone, but we just could hear the voices, see images of people talking, not multimedia. The so-called multimedia, is the ability to acquire, process, edit, store and display two or more different types of information media, technology, information media, including text, audio, graphics, images, animations and moving images and so on. In everyday life, known as the media, there are many things, such as bees for pollination of media, flies spread germs media. But precisely, the so-called "media" in the media, not what we call the media in the "media" because these communications media are a matter, and text, sound, images, graphics which are not material entities, they are just the surface of the objective characteristics of things, an attribute is a kind of information that way. We are in the computer and communications said "the media" is information storage, transmission and performance of the carrier, not the media and media in general. Conceptually precise, multi-media in the "media" should refer to the information content of a particular form of expression, empathy can see, we are referring to multimedia, it should be the expression of a variety of information, or a variety of information types, naturally, we can use to express the concept of multimedia messages containing text, graphics, information, image information and sound information of different types of information such as an integrated type of information. In short, the concept of information is the most essential properties of the surface characteristics of objective things, and its manifestations are diverse, and therefore, more accurate and comprehensive multi-media definition, refers to a variety of types of information should be comprehensive. These media can be graphics, images, sounds, text, video, animation and other forms of information that can also be a monitor, speakers, TV and other information display devices, transmission of information in the optical fiber, cable, electromagnetic, and other intermediary medium, can also be the disk to store information, CDs, tapes and other storage entities.
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Multimedia Features
Multimedia technology has the following main features: (1) the information integration to a unified multi-channel acquisition, storage, organization and synthesis. (2) is a computer-controlled center of multimedia technology, integrated management and control of multimedia information in accordance with the requirements of people with a variety of media forms, while the role of the human variety of senses. (3) is the interactive multimedia applications, interactive exchange of information is different from the traditional one of the main features of the media. Traditional media can only be one-way exchange of information, the passive dissemination of information, and multimedia technologies for information people can realize the active choice and control. (4) non-linear characteristics of non-linear multimedia technology will change the way people read and write modes of traditional sequential. Reading and writing, mostly by people in the past chapter, section, page frame, step by step to acquire knowledge, and multimedia technology will help hypertext links (hyper text link) in the method, the content in a more flexible, more changes in the way presented to the reader. (5) real-time operation when the user is given the command, the corresponding multimedia information can be real-time control. (6) ease of use of information users according to their own needs, interests, tasks, requirements, preferences and cognitive characteristics to the use of information, take any picture, text, sound and other information forms. (7) the dynamic nature of information structure "Multimedia is a never finish reading the book," The purpose of the user according to their own characteristics and cognitive re-organize information, add, _delete_ or modify the node, re-established chain.
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Common sense media
First the basic concepts of multimedia 1. Definition Multimedia "Multimedia," translated from the English word "multimedia", which term is again made mutiple and complex media. Media (medium) the original double meanings, one refers to the entity to store information, such as disk, CD, tape, semiconductor memory, etc., often translated as the Chinese media; the second is to pass the information carrier, such as numbers, text, sound, graphics so, the Chinese translation medium. Therefore, the corresponding term and multimedia is a single media (monomedia), literally, multimedia is a composite made from a single media friends. Multimedia technology from different angles have different definitions. For example some people define "multimedia computer is a _set_ of hardware and software; with a variety of visual and auditory media, can produce impressive visual effect. In the visual media, including graphics, animation, images and text and other media, in auditory media, include language, stereo sound and music and other media. The user can also access multimedia computer to a variety of media sources. " Multimedia is also the definition of "traditional computing media ---- text, graphics, images, and logical analysis method, and video, audio, and for knowledge creation and expression of a combination of interactive applications." Summed up as: multimedia technology, that is, the integrated treatment of an interactive multimedia computer ---- text, graphics, images and sound to create a logical connection to a variety of information, integrated into a system and interactive. In short, is a multimedia technology integration, real-time and interactive audio text of the integrated treatment of computer information technology plans (three of these words, but the essence of Oh!). Media in China also has its own definition, is generally believed that multimedia technology refers to a variety of carriers (media) information and a variety of storage on the body (media) information on the processing technology. 2. The key technology of multimedia As multimedia systems need to be expressed in different media data stream into a unified structure, and its transformation, restructuring and analysis and processing, for further storage, transmission, output, and interactive control. Therefore, the traditional media focused on key technologies in the following four categories: data compression, large scale integrated circuit (vlsi) manufacturing technology, high-capacity disc storage (cd-rom), real-time multitasking operating system. Because they made a breakthrough in technology, multimedia technology was able to rapidly develop and become powerful like this with sound, text, images and other media information and high technology techniques. 3. The general components of multimedia systems Multimedia system consists of the general part of the contents of the following four components: Multimedia hardware, multimedia operating systems, media processing system tools and user applications. ★ multimedia hardware system: including computer hardware, audio / video processor, multi-media input / output devices, and signal conversion devices, communications transmission equipment and interface devices. One of the most important criteria is based on the development of multimedia technology multimedia information generated by processing chips and cards, optical drives, and so on. ★ multimedia operating system: otherwise known as multimedia core system (multimedia kernel system), with real-time task scheduling, multimedia, data conversion and synchronization control of multi-media device driver and control, and graphical user interface management. ★ Media Processing System Tools: otherwise known as multi-media system development tool, is an important part of multimedia systems. ★ user applications: According to the requirements of multimedia systems, end-user application software or custom field for a user application software systems, it is the user's system for mass products. Second composition of the multimedia computer 1. Multimedia personal computer interpretation Prior to the multimedia computer, the traditional personal computer or machine processing information is often limited to text and numbers, can only be regarded as the primary stage of computer applications, and because only through human-machine interaction between the keyboard and monitor, so the exchange of information means a lack of diversity. In order to change human-computer interaction interface, enables the computer to _set_ the sound, text, graphics, image processing in one, the invention of computers with multimedia capabilities. We are here to focus on the personal computer (pc is now talking about you). So now you know, the so-called multi-media personal computer (multimedia personal computer, mpc) is nothing more than a multimedia processing capabilities with the personal computer (such as the early 586 models), and its hardware structure and generally is not much used in personal computers The difference is only a few more hardware and software configuration only. General users should have mpc about in two ways: First, enough to buy directly with multimedia capabilities pc machine; the second is to increase the basic multimedia suite pc machine, constitute mpc. Pentium Ⅱ to rampant today, computer manufacturers and developers, mpc has become a must have the technical specifications. 2. The basic configuration of the multimedia computer (and optional) In general, multimedia personal computer (mpc) of the basic hardware structure can be summarized in seven parts: ★ At least one powerful, fast CPU (cpu); ★ can manage and control a variety of interface and device configuration; ★ has a certain capacity (as large as possible) of storage space; ★ High-resolution display interface and equipment; ★ interface can handle audio and equipment; ★ interface device can process the image; ★ large amounts of data can be stored configuration; This provides the hardware configuration is the most basic foundation mpc, which constitute the host mpc. In addition, mpc can be expanded configuration may also include the following aspects: ★ CD-ROM drive: including compact disc-rewritable drive (cd-r), worm optical drive and cd-rom drive. Where cd-rom drive is brought cheap mpc 650m storage devices, there are graphics, animation, images, sounds, text, digital audio, procedures and other resources has been widely used cd-rom, so now drive to the user to that already have configured the. The rewritable disc, worm discs more expensive, are not yet very popular. In addition, dvd also appeared on the market for some time, its storage capacity greater, double up 17gb, is the ideal upgrade product. ★ Audio Card: Audio card connected to the audio input and output devices, including microphones, audio playback device, midi synthesizer, headphones, speakers and so on. Support for digital audio processing is an important aspect of multimedia computer, audio card with a / d and d / a conversion of audio signals, can be synthesized music, mixing a variety of sound source, you can add midi electronic music devices. ★ Graphics Accelerator: illustrated the performance needs of multimedia, high resolution, but also with the screen display colorful graphics card support, but also requires a display driver windows, and pixel operations under the windows faster. So now with a graphical user interface gui accelerator display adapter makes the local bus windows display speed much faster. ★ Video Card: can be broken down into video capture card, video processing cards, video cards and other special encoder tv card, its function is to connect the camera, vcr player, tv and other equipment in order to obtain, process and performance of a variety of animation and digital video media. ★ Scan Card: it is used to connect a variety of graphics scanner is commonly used in still images, text, drawing input device. ★ printer interface: used to connect a variety of printers, including ordinary printers, laser printers, color printers, the printer is now the most commonly used one of the multimedia output device. ★ interactive control interface: it is used to connect the touch screen, mouse, light pen and other interactive devices, these devices will greatly facilitate the use of mpc users. ★ network interface: It is important for multimedia communications mpc extension components. Combination of computer and communication technology whose time has come, which require specialized external device for multimedia data intensive multimedia information transmitted or received in, via the network interface connecting the devices, including video telephones, fax machines, lan and isdn and so on. 3. Media Player in the web application We know that the voice on-demand and video-on-demand applications has not been fully integrated directly into the current web browser, which requires a separate application to help, usually using the media player (media player) to play sound and video. A typical media player to perform several functions, including decompression, eliminating jitter, error correction and user playback. You can now use this technology to as plug-in media player user interface on the web client user interface, web page browser to keep the current screen space, and by the media player to manage. Currently, most clients are several methods used to read audio and video files: ★ web browser through the audio / video from the web server to send to the media player; ★ directly to the audio / video from the web server to send to the media player; ★ directly to the audio / video multimedia exile from the server to send to the media player; In this process, the main function of the media player shown in the following four areas: ★ Extract: almost all of the sound and television images are then compressed and stored in memory, so either play from memory or from a network voice and video to be extracted. ★ debounce: As the voice reaches the receiver for each packet, and packet delay TV image is not a fixed value, if not exactly any measures to put the data to the media player, it sounds like there will be shake the feeling, even sound and video images can not understand the information expressed. In the media player, easy way to limit this jitter is to use caching technology, that is, voice or video image data to be stored in buffer memory, after a period of delay before playback. ★ error handling: on the Internet, often because people can not receive the traffic congestion occurs, the part of the information packet in the transmission process may be lost. If too many consecutive packets lost, the user receives voice and image quality to be tolerated. Is often the approach taken retransmission. ★ user control interface: This is the user direct control of the media player to play the media the actual interface. Media player control functions to provide users typically include sound volume, pause / re-start and jump and so on. Third image and graphics 1. For the basic knowledge of color We know that are available in color brightness, hue and saturation to describe any of the eyes to see color light is the combined effect of these three characteristics. Then the brightness, hue and saturation are what is meant by it? ★ Brightness: optic interaction in the human eye is caused when the brightness level of feeling, it is observed luminescence intensity on the object; ★ tone: It is when one eye to see one or more wavelengths of light generated by color feel when Suo it reflects the type of color is to determine the basic characteristics of color, such as red, brown color means; ★ Saturation: refers to the color of purity, that is, the degree of incorporation of white, or color depth refers to the degree of light for the same color tone, saturation, the deeper the color the more distinctive or that the more pure. We usually known as the hue and saturation of color. Now you see, the brightness is used to indicate the extent of a bright colored light, and color indicates the type and depth extent of the color. In addition, the common nature of various colors of light, can the red (r), green (g), blue (b) the proportion of three colors to match made in different light; the same majority can be broken down into color light red, green, and blue shade, which formed the most basic principles of colorimetry theory ---- the three primary colors (rgb). 2. The current common graphic (image) format In general, the current graphics (image) format can be divided into two categories: one for the bitmap; another as described class, class or object-oriented vector graphics (images). The former is a formal description of lattice graphics (image), which is based on a mathematical description of geometric elements from the graphic (image). In general, the latter expression of the image detail, real, scaled graphics (image) resolution the same, in the professional graphics (image) processing using more. In introducing the graphic (image) format, we need to first understand what is really graphic (image) of some relevant technical indicators: resolution, number of colors, graphics, gray. ★ Resolution: divided into two kinds of screen resolution and output resolution, the former said the number of lines per inch, the greater the value graphics (image) quality the better; which measure the accuracy of the output device, the number of pixels per inch, said ; ★ the number of colors and graphics gray: A bit (bit) that is generally written power of 2, n, n behalf of digits. When the graphics (images) to 24 bits, 16.77 million colors, the true color. Representation similar to the gray; Here we feature a graphical file extension (that is shown. Bmp so) to each of the current understanding of common graphics file formats: bmp, dib, pcp, dif, wmf, gif, jpg, tif, eps, psd, cdr , iff, tga, pcd, mpt. ★ bmp (bit map picture): pc machine most commonly used bitmap format, there are two forms of compressed and uncompressed, the format can be expressed from 2-24 colors, the resolution can be from 480x320 to 1024x768. The format is quite stable under windows, no limit on file size is very extensive use of occasions. ★ dib (device independent bitmap): the ability to describe the basic and bmp image the same, and can run on multiple hardware platforms, but a large file. ★ pcp (pc paintbrush): Founded by the zsoft a compressed to save disk space pc and bitmap format, which maximum performance 24-bit graphics (image). Past a certain market, but with the rise of jpeg, their status has been gradually Zhongtian the sun_set_. ★ dif (drawing interchange formar): autocad in graphics files, which are stored in ascii graphics, graphics performance is very accurate in terms of size, can be coreldraw, 3ds and other large software called editing. ★ wmf (windows metafile format): microsoft windows metafile, with short documents, pattern shape of the features. Kind of graphics a bit rough, and can only call the editor in microsoft office. ★ gif (graphics interchange format): in a variety of platforms on a variety of graphics software can handle compressed graphics format. The disadvantage is stored color can only reach 256. ★ jpg (joint photographics expert group): can be significantly compressed graphics files in a graphical format. A picture for the same, jpg file format for storing other types of graphics files is 1 / 10 to 1 / 20, and the maximum number of colors to 24 bits, so it is widely used on the internet homepage or gallery on the internet. ★ tif (tagged image file format): large file size, but the store has a huge amount of information, more subtle level of information is conducive to the original tone and color reproduction. The format has two forms of compressed and uncompressed, the maximum number of colors supported by up to 16m. ★ eps (encapsulated postscript): use of language to describe the ascii postscript graphics files, graphics in the postscript printer can print high-quality graphics (image), the maximum energy that a 32-bit graphics (image). The format is divided into photoshop eps format and standards adobeillustrator eps eps format, which the latter can be divided into graphics formats and image formats. ★ psd (photoshop standard): photoshop a standard file format, optimized specifically for the photoshop format. ★ cdr (coreldraw): coreldraw file format. In addition, cdx all applications can use coreldraw graphics (image) file, is to develop a mature cdr file. ★ iff (image file format): graphics processing platform for the large supermarkets, such as amiga machine, Hollywood special effects blockbuster deal to use more of the graphic format. Graphics (image) effects, including realistic reproduction of the original color texture scene. Of course, the format of the memory consumption of external memory and other computer resources is huge. ★ tga (tagged graphic): is the true vision for its development of graphics card graphics file format, created earlier period, the maximum number of colors up to 32 bits. vda, pix, win, bpx, icb and so are its collateral. ★ pcd (photo cd): kodak, developed by the other software systems can only read them. ★ mpt (macintosh paintbrush) or mac: macintosh machine used by gray-scale graphics (image) mode, macintosh paintbrush to use, its resolution is only 720x567. In addition, macintosh machine dedicated graphics (image) format as well pnt, pict, pict2 and so on. Part IV sound (audio) 1. Multimedia audio processing technology In general, the realization of computer speech output in two ways: First, record / playback, the second is the text of a - Speech. The second method is based on the sound of a voice synthesis technology produces technology that can be used for speech synthesis and music synthesis. The first method is the simplest music synthesis, frequency modulation has been applied have been produced (fm) wave table music synthesis and (wavetable) music synthesis technology. 2. The concept of musical instrument digital interface midi Now we use the term up to one of the audio midi (musical instrument digital interface) as a "musical instrument digital interface" of abbreviations, and use it to refer to international standards for digital music. Because it defines the program of computer music, synthesizers and other electronic devices to exchange information and means of electronic signals, so you can resolve incompatibilities between different electronic instruments problem. In addition, the standard platform for multimedia pc through an internal synthesizer or midi port connected to the computer external synthesizers play midi files, midi file by playing music, required the least amount of storage. 3. Common sound file format And then we introduce the most popular multimedia seven current effect of the sound file so that you get to know: ★ wave, extension wav: The format of the waveform record sound, so long as the sampling rate, sampling bytes long, the machine speed, use of sound files recorded in the format and the soundtrack to consistent quality is very high, but this the price is the file is too large. ★ mod, extension, mod, st3, xt, s3m, far, 669 such as: the file format used in storing all kinds of music and sound samples of music, with playback clear and sound advantages of infinite type. But it also has some fatal weaknesses, that has now been phased out, and some fans are only mod being used in games. ★ mpeg-3, the extension mp3: now the most popular audio file formats, because of its large compression rate, video phone communications in the network is widely used, but in comparison, and cd music, the sound quality is not very satisfactory. ★ real audio, extension ra: this format turns out to be the soul of the network, strong compression and minimal distortion to the fore in many formats. And the mp3 the same, it is to solve the network transmission bandwidth resources and design, so the main goal is the compression ratio and fault tolerance, followed by the sound quality. ★ creative musical format, the extension cmf: creative company dedicated music format, and midi, only in tone, the effect on some characteristics of the sound card dedicated to the fm, but compatibility is very poor. ★ cd audio music cd, extension cda: record format used, known as the "Red Book" format, record the wave flow, absolute purity, hifi. But the disadvantage is that you can not edit the file size too large. ★ midi, extension, mid: the most mature music format, in fact, has become an industry standard, its scientific, compatibility, complexity and other aspects of course, far more than all the criteria described earlier in this article (except symphony cd, unplug cd, the other cd are often produced using midi), it's general midi is the most commonly accepted standard. As the music industry's data communications standards, midi to command the operation of the music device, and a uniform standard format that can mimic a variety of original musical instrument playing skills can not even play the effect, and the length of the file is very small. In short, if there is a professional audio equipment, then the same song to listen to the hifi level are: Acoustic musical instruments> midi> cd album> mod> so-called sound card midi> cmf, and mp3 and its programs depends on the source ra is the use of midi, cd, or mod the. In addition, multi-media materials, stored voice message is also a need to recognize the file format, a total of: wav file, voc files, midi files, rmi files, pcm files, and aif files, and so a number of species. ★ wav file: microsoft's audio file format, which originates from the sound of analog waveform sampling. With different sampling frequency of the analog waveform is sampled sound can be a series of discrete samples to quantify the different number of bits (8-bit or 16-bit) the values of these samples into a binary number, and then stored in the disk, This leads to wav sound files, that is, the waveform file. microsoft sound system software sound finder can convert aif snd files to wav format and vod. ★ voc file: creative wave audio file format, the company is Sound Blaster (sound blaster) audio file format to use. Voc file from the file header of each block (header block) and audio data blocks (data block) form. File header contains a version number identifies the data block and a starting point to pointer. Data block is divided into various types of sub-blocks. Mute sound data, such as ascii code identifies the results of repeated duplication of documentation and termination sign extension block and so on. ★ midi file: musical instrument digital interface (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) abbreviation. It is the world's leading manufacturer of electronic musical instruments _set_ up a communications standard, to provide procedures for computer music synthesizer and other electronic devices to exchange information and control signals. midi file contains notes of up to 16-channel timing and the definition of musical instruments, including the key channel number each note duration, volume and intensity of such information. Therefore, midi music itself is not documented, but some described the process of music performance instruction. ★ rmi file: microsoft's midi file format, which can include pictures and text markup. ★ pcm file: analog audio signal by the analog-digital conversion (a / d conversion) direct the formation of the binary sequence, the document did not attach the file header and the end of file mark. In the Sound Blaster software provided, you can use voc-hdr procedures for the pcm format audio files with file header, and the formation of voc format. The tool windows can convert pcm audio format of the wav file into a microsoft file formats. ★ aif file: apple computer audio file format. The tool windows can also convert files to aif format into microsoft's wav format. Part V video (animation) 1. Dynamic image composition Dynamic images, including animation and video information, a continuous gradient sequence of still images or graphics, change the display in sequence along the time axis, so as to constitute a sense of movement, as the media. When the sequence in each frame by hand or computer-generated images, we often referred to as the animation; when the sequence through each frame in real time consumption of natural phenomena or active objects, we are often the video image, or for short video. Dynamic images and sound presentation is often with the media, both the common ground is the time continuity. Speaking of video in general, often contains the sound media. But here, the video (animation) does not contain the voice of the media a special dynamic images. 2. The definition of animation 3. Common video file formats Video information stored in the computer format of many, the most popular formats are: Apple quicktime and Microsoft's avi. ★ quicktime: Apple is used for low-cost end-user desktop systems, full-motion video, are now in the compression and decompression software are beginning to use this approach in the. The vector quantization is one of quicktime software compression techniques, it is up to 30 frames / second to provide the video resolution is 320x240, the compression ratio from 25 to 200. ★ avi: similar to quicktime, is the Microsoft Audio Video Interleaved format used is a desktop system, low-cost, low-resolution video formats. avi the window at 160x120 15 frames / sec video playback, and an 8-bit sound, you can also super-vga or vga monitor playback. avi is a very important feature of scalability, performance when using avi algorithm depends on the basis of its use with the hardware. Part VI Multimedia data compression and coding technology standard At present, widely recognized by the international community and the application of common coding standards generally have the following four: h.261, jpeg, mpeg, and dvi. ★ h.261: the ccitt (CCITT) for audio and video services through a video codec (also known as px64 standard), which uses two types of compression: lossy compression in a frame (based on dct) and lossless compression for interframe coding, and on this basis, the encoder with motion estimation using the dct and dpcm (differential pulse code modulation) of the hybrid approach. This standard jpeg and mpeg standards with the obvious similarities between, but the key difference is that it is designed for the dynamic use and provides fully contain high levels of the organization and interaction control. ★ jpeg: full name is the joint photogragh coding experts group (Joint Photo Expert Group), is a still image based dct compression and decompression algorithm, which consists of iso (International Organization for Standardization) and ccitt (CCITT) developed jointly, and was widely adopted in 1992 after an international standard. It is the long image signal and other types of still images removed, or even reduced to one per cent of the original image (compression ratio 100:1). But at this level, image quality is not good; compression ratio of 20:1, the image to see a little change; when the compression ratio is greater than 20:1, in general the image quality begins to deteriorate. ★ mpeg: a moving pictures experts group (Moving Picture Experts Group) abbreviation, actually refers to a group of itu and iso formulate and release the video, audio, data compression standard. It uses a redundant information to reduce the image compression algorithm, which provides up to 200:1 compression ratio, while the image and sound quality is very high. Usually there are three versions now: mpeg-1, mpeg-2, mpeg-4 to apply to different bandwidth and quality requirements of digital imaging. Its three most significant advantage is compatibility, compression ratio (up to 200:1), the data distortion. ★ dvi: the video image compression algorithm performance and mpeg-1 rather, the image quality can be achieved vhs level of compressed image data rate of about 1.5mb / s. In order to expand dvi technology, intel company recently launched a dvi software decoding algorithm, called indeo technology that will compress digital video files compressed into one-fifth to one-tenth. VII Summary of multimedia tools 1. Multimedia Creation Tools ★ editing capabilities and the environment; ★ media data input capability; ★ interactivity; ★ function expansion of capacity; ★ debugging capabilities; ★ dynamic data exchange capabilities; ★ database functions; ★ network components and the ability to apply the template. The function of the angle from the division of system tools, multimedia authoring tools can be divided into four categories: Media authoring software tools, multimedia programs writing tools, media tools, and other types of media playback processing tools. ★ media creation software tools: model used to establish the media to generate media data. Wider application of a three-dimensional visual space in the design and graphics creation software such as macromedia's extreme 3d, it can provide, including modeling, animation, rendering and post-production, and many other functions, until the professional video production. In addition, autodesk's 2d animation and 3d studio (including 3d max), etc. are also very popular media creation tools. And for the midi files (digital music interface standard) treatment of audio sequencer software is very large, relatively well-known there music time, recording session, master track pro and studio for windows, etc.; The Wave Sound tool, mdk (Open Platform for Multimedia ) in the wave edit, wave studio etc is quite good. ★ multimedia programs Writing Tools: providing different editing, writing style. The first one is based on the scripting language of writing tools, typically toolbook, it can help artists control the playback of various media data, which openscript language allows for windows of mci (Media Control Interface) calls to control various types of media devices playback or recording. The second category is based on the flow chart of the writing tool, typically authorware and iconauther, they use flow charts to arrange a program, each flow chart composed by a number of icons, these icons to play the role of script commands, and with a dialog box corresponding to Enter the appropriate content in the dialog box can be. The third category is based on the timing of writing tools, such as the typical action, they are tested by the time axis of the elements and is arranged to achieve the synchronization of multimedia presentations. ★ Media Player tool: you can broadcast on the computer, and some can even broadcast on consumer electronics products. This type of software is more than one video for windows, can the video sequences (including audio) for a series of processing, and playback software. The company launched the indeo intel goes a step further in technology, in the pure software video player, but also provides the functionality of advanced production tools. ★ other types of media processing tools In addition to three main types of media development tools, there are other types of software, such as multimedia database management systems, video-cd productions tools, based on the multimedia card (such as mpeg card) software tools, multimedia publishing tools, multimedia cai making tools, all kinds of mdk (open multimedia platform) and so on. They are in various areas has been greatly welcomed. 2. Multimedia application tools Described above are mostly large-scale software development tools, multimedia systems, desktop computers may be used when small, the following description from the perspective of several home pc is now the most popular multimedia applications. ★ graphics creation and image viewing tools In graphics (image) field, the best tool to calculate the adobe photoshop and 3ds max, and they can be regarded as a true designer. In addition, there are professional-level graphics (image) processing software coreldraw and freehand. If you need to fool some of the tools, you may Ulead photoimpact produced and would be more suitable for cool 3d, the former built a magical treasure box, allowing users to easily edit out the various effects of very high standard, pictures, and the latter can be very easy to create cool animated gif three-dimensional characters and maps, and even the title of a variety of effects, objects, signs and so on. In addition, under the command of Microsoft office suite ---- photo edit and frontpage ---- image and other partners can share those concerns for many multimedia users. As for the picture (image) browser software, dos mode, the "German tanks "---- sea, windows environment, there is the famous acdsee. In addition, compupic and picview is also worth considering a high-performance plug-in software. These types of software in addition to browsing, but also for graphics (image) format, resolution, number of colors transformation, is particularly convenient to use. ★ media player and audio tools In addition to the above described video for windows can be used, there is also a good multimedia xplorer and other software. But in the home, we are on the media player application may be more still in the mp3, cd players and other music files, so focus on it. Speaking of mp3 player, winamp naturally dominate the world of the famous. The famous high-fidelity music player software best features is its powerful and excellent sound quality, but it can also customize the interface skins, and to support the enhanced audio visual and audio effects plug-ins. There are better mp3 player software is soritong and sonique. If the user from the online listening (watching) real-time audio, video and flash the words, realplayer is a wonderful tool, especially the latest realsystem g2. ★ Video player tools
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Multimedia files
Said encoded data in a variety of media, the computer is stored as a file, is a collection of binary data. File name to follow specific rules, general by the name of the Lord and the extension of two parts, between the name of the Lord and the extension with "." Separated, the extension for that file format types. The type and characteristics of multimedia information (1) text text text and a variety of special symbols is the expression of forms of information, it is the most frequently used in real life, a way of information storage and transmission. With a text message gives full expression of imagination, which is mainly used for descriptive knowledge that if the described concepts, definitions, principles and issues, and display the title, menu and so on. (2) multimedia software image is the image the most important information in one of the manifestations, it is a multimedia software visually determine the key factors. (3) Animation Animation is the use of characteristics of people of vision, rapid changes play a series of continuous motion graphic images, including image zoom, rotate, transform, fade and other special effects. Through the contents of the animation can visualize the abstract, difficult to understand many interesting changes in the teaching content. Rational use of animation can achieve a multiplier effect. (4) sound is the sound that people use to transmit information, the most convenient exchange of feelings, one of the most familiar way. In multimedia courseware, its forms of expression, the sound can be divided into talks, music and effects into three categories. (5) video images and video images with the timing of the rich information content, commonly used in the account of the development of things. Video is very similar to the well known film and television, sound and color, as in the multimedia play an important role.
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Multimedia system
Multimedia computer system is not a single technology, but the integration of a variety of information technology is the integrated application of multiple technologies into a computer system, the realization of information input, information processing, information output and other features. A complete multimedia computer system by the multimedia computer hardware and multimedia software composed of two parts. First, the multimedia computer's hardware The main multimedia computer hardware in addition to conventional hardware such as hosts, floppy drives, hard drives, monitors, network cards, should also have audio information processing hardware, video, information processing hardware and CD-ROM drive, and other parts. (1) audio card (sound card) for processing audio information, it can put microphones, tape recorders, electronic musical instruments such as the sound information input analog to digital conversion (a / d), compression processing, it can be processed by computer digitized sound signal through the reduction (decompression), digital-analog conversion (d / a), after playing out with the speakers, or recorded with the recording equipment. (2) video card (video card) to support the video signal (TV) input and output. (3) acquisition card can television signal into the computer's digital signal, easy to use software to convert digital signals after the editing, processing and color control. Can also be processed digital signal output to tape. (4) scanner will be photography, painting, or other printed materials of text and images, and even kind, to scan the computer for processing. (5) CD-ROM is divided into read-only drive (cd-rom) and can read and write optical drive (cd-r, cd-rw), also known as CD burners can read and write. For reading or storing large volumes of multimedia information.
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Multimedia Software
Multimedia computer's operating system must be based on the expansion of the original multi-media resource management and information processing capabilities. Multimedia editing tools including word processing software, graphics software, image processing software, animation software, sound editing software and video editing software. Authoring tools multimedia applications (authoring tools) to help application developers to improve development efficiency, they generally are some of Application Builder, it will all kinds of media material in accordance with the chain structure of hypertext nodes and form of organization, the formation of multi-media applications. authorware, director, multimedia tool book are all the more famous multimedia authoring tool.
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Multimedia teaching
Teaching is the task of teaching and learning to complete a paradigm model that includes teaching and learning model and related teaching strategies. (1) studio classroom teaching (lectures teaching mode) this teaching model in the classroom There are two main ways: teaching presentation, simulation demo. (2) individualized instruction individualized teaching mode, multimedia courseware generally include: introductory section, teaching control, motivational, teaching information presented, the problem of response, response to diagnosis, response feedback and remediation to end. And the individual corresponding to the mode of teaching there are two types of multimedia courseware: multimedia electronic textbooks and supplementary reading materials. (3) computer simulation model simulation of the issues involved in teaching are: the basic model to simulate the presentation and performance issues, the system's response and feedback. (4) Exploratory Teaching on teaching model is generally composed of the following links: identify the problem, creating teaching situation, explore learning, feedback, learning evaluation. Constraints are: Roaming (wandering) and disorientation (disorientation). (5) Collaborative Teaching Model (6) Internet-based distance learning model Multimedia Computer Teaching System First, the multimedia computer hardware environment of teaching (1) class demonstration classroom (2) Network Classroom (3) Modern Teaching Resources Centre and the Electronic Reading Room (4) campus network Multimedia computer teaching software system (1) multimedia material production software Word processing: Notepad, WordPad, word, wps Graphics Image Processing: photoshop, coreldraw, freehand Animation: autodesk animator pro, 3ds max, maya, flash Sound Processing: ulead media studio, sound forge, cool edit, wave edit Video processing: ulead media studio, adobe premiere (2) authoring tool Programming language: visual basic, visual c + +, delphi Multimedia Writing System: authorware, director, tool book, flash (3) multimedia computer teaching software All can be used for classroom teaching, counseling, demonstration courseware.
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Multimedia courseware
Development of multimedia courseware First, the multimedia courseware development team composition (1) Project Leader (2) pedagogical experts (3) instructional design experts (4) Software Engineer (System Design) Expert (5) multimedia material production expert (6) multimedia courseware experts Second, the basic process of development of multimedia courseware (1) teaching for the project definition, feasibility analysis courseware design, courseware needs analysis (the need) (2) instructional design focusing on the teaching objectives and requirements, a reasonable choice and design of the media, the use of appropriate teaching models and teaching strategies. (3) arrange the directory structure design theme is displayed, the establishment of information and browse the hierarchy between the order to determine the relationship of information between the cross-jump. (4) the preparation and production of multimedia material (5) Synthesis of courseware editor (6) courseware and test trial (7) Evaluation (8) courseware product forming The structure of hypertext hypermedia Hypertext is a chain formed by the nodes and network structure. Node, chain, the network is defined hypertext structure of the three basic elements. First, the node (nodes) It is the basic unit of information storage, also known as the information block, each node in the expression of a specific topic, it is the size of the writing based on actual needs, not strict limits. (1) text nodes can be used to express ideas, explain concepts, describes the phenomena. (2) Graphic type node for the performance of the shape and structure of things. (3) Hearing class nodes (4) audio-visual class nodes (5) classes node usually "button" to performance, enter this node, will start the appropriate program, to complete a specific operation.
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The definition of multimedia
Multimedia (duō méi tǐ) of the English word is Multimedia, which consists of multi media and the two parts. Generally understood as a comprehensive variety of media. Media (Media) is the exchange of information between people intermediary, simply put, is the information carrier, also known as media. Multimedia is the meaning of multiple media, can be understood as a direct role in the human sense of text, graphics, images, animation, sound and video and other media, collectively, that is, the manifestation of a variety of information carriers and delivery methods. Commonly referred to as the "media", "fourth media", "online media", "super media", "multimedia", etc., these words referred to the word in the media is different. Therefore, some have complained about this and more. For example, should not be translated as "fourth media", and should be called the "fourth media" or "fourth medium." In the end the media or the media? Some people think: "The media has two meanings. First, it is a means of transmitting information, manner, or carrier, such as language, text, newspapers, books, radio, television, telephone and telegram. The second is engaged in information collection, processing , production and dissemination of social organization that media organizations, such as newspapers, publishing houses, radio and television stations. In the communication, the media, including the above two meanings. segmentation up, if the activity is a means of communication, manner, or carrier , then the general to use the 'media' is a word; if it is mentioned communication activities of organizations, institutions or persons, then the general to use the 'media' word. " (Bin, "Mass Communication", the Central Radio and Television University Press, June 2000 1st edition, p. 170) Basis of this argument, the aforementioned "news media" in the "media" refers to organizations or institutions; and "multimedia", "fourth media", "online media", "super media" in the "media" refers to "communication activities the means, manner, or carrier ", it should be said to be" medium. " This interpretation can be described as satisfactory. However, many people in the alleged "a means of dissemination activities, manner, or carrier", it did not follow the "media" term, but the convention as the "multimedia" was. Accordingly, we can put this concept into broad and narrow two meanings. General, referring to the energy spread of text, sound, graphics, images, animation and television and other types of information means, manner, or carrier. Including film, television, CD-ROM (compact disc read-only memory), VCD, DVD (digital versatile disc), computer, network and so on. Narrow, specifically refers to fusion of two or more "means of communication, manner, or carrier", and man-machine interactive information exchange and dissemination of media, or is under the control of the text on the computer, sound, graphics, video, animation and television and many other types of information, communication of the means of mixing, or by carrier. Such as multimedia computers, the Internet and so on. (See Cheng Dong, "Practical network journalism" Xinhua Publishing House, 2002)
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Multimedia courseware
First, the multimedia courseware development team composition (1) Project Leader (2) pedagogical experts (3) instructional design experts (4) Software Engineer (System Design) Expert (5) multimedia material production expert (6) multimedia courseware experts Second, the basic process of development of multimedia courseware (1) teaching for the project definition, feasibility analysis courseware design, courseware needs analysis (the need) (2) instructional design focusing on the teaching objectives and requirements, a reasonable choice and design of the media, the use of appropriate teaching models and teaching strategies. (3) arrange the directory structure design theme is displayed, the establishment of information and browse the hierarchy between the order to determine the relationship of information between the cross-jump. (4) the preparation and production of multimedia material (5) Synthesis of courseware editor (6) the trial and testing of courseware (7) Evaluation (8) courseware product forming The structure of hypertext hypermedia Hypertext is a chain formed by the nodes and network structure. Node, chain, the network is defined hypertext structure of the three basic elements. First, the nodes (Nodes) It is the basic unit of information storage, also known as the information block, each node in the expression of a specific topic, it is the size of the writing based on actual needs, not strict limits. (1) text nodes can be used to express ideas, explain concepts, describes the phenomena. (2) Graphic type node for the performance of the shape and structure of things. (3) Hearing class nodes (4) audio-visual class nodes (5) classes node usually "button" to performance, enter this node, will start the appropriate program, to complete a specific operation. The Historical Development and Multimedia Development Sound card from the PC speaker to innovation, to present a rich multimedia applications, multimedia is changing our lives. 1. Video Conference System Breakthrough in multimedia technology, wide area network and desktop operating systems mature to make the video conferencing system to support multimedia applications become a new hot spot. It is an important multimedia communication system, it will computer interaction, communications, distribution and integration of the authenticity of television. Now the video conferencing system has been more mature products. 2. Virtual Reality Virtual reality is a technology closely related with the edge multimedia technology, which through the integrated application of computer image processing, simulation and emulation, sensor technology, display systems and other technology and equipment to simulation approach to the user to provide a true reflection of the Caozuo change and interaction of objects three-dimensional image environment, which constitutes the virtual world, and through special devices (such as helmets and data gloves) to provide the user with a virtual world interaction with the three-dimensional interactive user interface. 3. Hypertext (Hypertext) Hypertext is the development of a multimedia computer with text-processing technology developed, it provides a "sound, text, map" together comprehensive information on the powerful means of expression is an effective tool for multimedia applications. Hypertext way the current Internet, has been widely used. 4. Home audio-visual In fact, the most visible multimedia applications, that is, digital music and video into the home. As with the transmission of digital multimedia storage convenience, fidelity is very high, widespread in the personal computer users in favor, and specialized digital audio-visual products, but also poured into the family, such as CD, VCD, DVD and other equipment. Multimedia future is exciting, we live in the amount of digital information will be in the sharp increase in the coming decades, the quality will be greatly improved. Multimedia is fast, unexpected way into many aspects of people's lives, the big trend is toward all aspects of today's new technology will be integrated in the direction of development, which include: high-capacity CD storage, Internet and interactive TV. This comprehensive revolution is the core of an extensive, not only for packaging the information and how we use this information, and will change the way we communicate with each other. Now, new technology of multimedia, as we showed, is a portable personal multimedia.
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Wikipedia Daquan
Multimedia multimedia duomeiti Multimedia (multimedia) interactive computer integrated Handle a variety of information carriers together. Such as numerical, text, sound Sound, graphics, and dynamic and static images. They are the information transfer Delivery and storage of forms and means of computer processing is Objects. Multimedia information through a comprehensive computer Treatment, according to a variety of media information between the logical relationship To blend to form a community with good interaction Surface of man-machine system. Early computer input only numeric and text Input / output devices, human and computer through these devices Numerical and text to convey information, the computer can only Composed of numeric and text processing by the so-called text files (text The media). The late 20th century, 80, semiconductor integrated circuits Road, the rapid development of manufacturing technology, processing speed of the microprocessor Degree of rapid increase in the cost of the rapid decline in memory, CD-ROM, Graphics and visual computing technologies and the development and application of Widespread use of computer networks, so that the computer has a Sound, graphics and images, input, output, and handling of the Section, the exchange of information between man and computer becomes intuitive, self- However, multimedia technology is born. The information contained in images and language is very rich, the number of After word of the very large amount of data, to the multimedia data Transmission Wo! Storage difficult. For example, a 640 480 color images composed of pixels, each pixel with 24 Bit binary representation, the data is about 7.37 megabits (Mb). If the rate of 30 frames per second playback the resolution Rate image, a 600 megabyte CD-ROM only 20 seconds of image storage. In another example, if using 16-bit binary Number of 44.1 kHz sampling frequency (KHz) audio Music, is a 600 megabyte (MB) of disc storage only Play an hour of music stored data. Therefore, data compression And decompression technology to become one of the key technology of multimedia. Voice, music and images of each other to keep the original recording Relations, play only makes sense, therefore, audio and video The data stream and synchronization problems will become more Another key technology media. Multimedia technology and the technology developed by the Spirit Environment (virtual reality, virtuai reali Yao z) technique, J a Pan in the military field. Environmental technology is a so-called spiritual Highly realistic, simulated harmony, as in the natural environment, Listening, moving and other acts of man-machine interface technology. For example, people wearing Special helmet and gloves on hand movement information through the Sensors on the glove to pass the computer, through the helmet was Real-time control computer, the monitor display or create the images and Graphics, make "immersion" (i mmension) in the virtual ring Environment among the people and the environment "interaction" (interaction) Response, more people visit the actual site to increase feel. Lee Environmental technology with the spirit of aircraft, tanks, pilot training simulation Device, can be very realistically simulate the aircraft take off and landing And flying in the air, tanks out on the field topography Movement, so the driver feel like in the real Environment for training. At the same time, can be easily _set_ Home environment is difficult to _set_ the actual emergency situations, training High level of driver support. Multimedia video images, numbers Data processing and transmission technology of modern war intelligence gathering, Decision support, troops
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