It gives a particular natural or human geography on the spatial location of the entity's distinguished name.
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Feature names
Names with social, age, ethnic and geographical features such as: ① social. Names is a product of society, its name, the evolution always constrained by the level of social development. No sailing knowledge accumulation and 15 to 17 century, geographical discovery, there would be like the Pacific, Indian Ocean and other waters of the name. Person mentioned by a few names for the majority of recognized members of society, to go through a certain communication and _select_ion process. ② times. Naming names usually reflect the name of the times. ③ national character. Distribution of different ethnic groups within the region names, the general always by its residents live in the local language name. Also reflect the naming of names based on the psychological state of a nation, customs and other cultural characteristics. ④ regional. Place names is the allegation that it was naming often reflect the local characteristics of some natural or human geography. Names: names are people with a specific location, geographic scope of the proprietary name given to geographical entities. (From "Introduction to names") Names: (geographical names) of people of all given proper names of geographical entities. Names proper names: (specific terms) names used to distinguish between the various geographical entities of the word. Generic names: (generic terms) names used to distinguish between the types of geographical entities word. Proper name of the generic: (generic terms used as specific terms) into a special part of the generic name. The Chinese translation of names to write: (transformation of geographical names from foreign languages into Chinese) with Chinese names written in other languages. (From "The People's Republic of China national standard names Volume") Names: (Geographical Names or Place Names) is that people give a specific geographic entity in the universe the code is the difference between a particular geographical entity and a sign of other geographic entities. Standard names: (Standard Geographical Names) is based on relevant state laws and regulations by standardized by the relevant government agencies in accordance with statutory procedures and approval authority to use the names to be announced. Generic: (Generic Term of Geographical Names) is that names names in the generation of geographical entities within the meaning of some type, in the same place names have the same meaning. Proper names: (specific term of geographical Names) are names used to distinguish between the various geographical entities of the part. Generic proper name of: (Generic Term Specialization) that the generic names of some of the generic words have lost meaning, into a part of proper names. (From "number names")
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The meaning of names
First, the names people give, not their own, or natural, that give the historical development, has experienced a few people from the local people use to gradually be known until the widespread use of the community, from the given language to text to digital code, from the convention to the standardization, legalization. Second, in space, both on land, including marine and submarine, with the progress of the human exploration of the universe, the spatial extent of place names continue to gradually from the earth and other celestial bodies in the expansion of the universe. Third, here referred to specific, including a particular theme, a specific range, specific time, which is a specific time and space. IV. We call the code, both the language code, code words, including the early pictures, graphic symbols, and the information age, digital code, reflecting the progress of human society and the development process. (From "number names")
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Essential attribute names
1 means natural closed nature: names of geographical entities is called proper nouns, mainly because it represents the geographical entities in a certain position on the surface of the earth and scope, that has a certain spatial location. (2) Social: names are a product of society, it is named, renamed, development, evolution is always being affected by social constraints. So it has a wide range of social. (From "Introduction to names")
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Names of the elements
Names of the elements is the most basic elements of matter, or constitute the necessary things, the basic factors can not be separated. (From "number names")
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The significance of place names
Naming and the significance of place names is usually considered to be the literal meaning of the expression, it is time to name people to focus, or cause or called named arguments. (From "Introduction to names")
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Standardization of Geographical Names
Standardization of Geographical Names (Geographical Name Standardization) is the place names according to certain standards will be the title and write a unified and specified the conditions and scope of its use, and fixed. International standardization of geographical names (The International Standardization of Geographical Names) that is globally uniform, standardized names of the writing, the single romanization of geographical names. National standardization of geographical names (The National Standardization of Geographical Name) that is in a national context, the official language (or common language) a uniform, standardized written forms of names, specific conditions of use. (From "number names") The significance of standardization of geographical names (A) who help maintain the dignity of the national territory and national sovereignty; (b) facilitate international contacts and good-neighborliness; (c) is conducive to national unity; (d) is conducive to social order and national defense; (e) is conducive to economic construction; (VI) in favor of tourism and people's daily lives. (From "Introduction to names") Names of the international Rome Names of the international Rome refers to the Roman alphabet (also known as the Latin alphabet) written standardized names, or transliteration of non-Roman script names of national standardization. Romanization, English writing Romanization. (From "Introduction to names")
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Chinese names
Also on our Chinese names Mei Zhenzong The origin of most of our province name and landmarks are related, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangsu, although both characters, but three provinces and the Yangtze River has nothing to do. Because it is not in the Yangtze River in Jiangxi west of Zhejiang Changjiang not take the same world, the Yangtze River in Jiangsu it is difficult to link with. In fact, is due to the Yangtze River in Jiangxi province is named after. South West is due to Tangshi Jiang (Yangtze River south) West Road, it is reduced to the Yuan Dynasty in Jiangxi, Jiangxi Province, is called; Jiangsu and Suzhou is Jiangning two governments to take the first word and name. That the Yangtze River, Nanjing is the meaning of peace, meaning peace of the Yangtze River, Nanjing Jiangning House this means. _Select_ the first word of the province there are two governments in Fujian, Fuzhou is taken, the first word statehood two governments; Gansu is to take Ganzhou (present Zhangye), Suzhou (present Jiuquan), two governments first character; Anhui is to take Anqing and Huizhou, two governments, the first word. Zhejiang Qiantang rivers because of its territory (also known as Fuchun River or the River) flowing twists and turns, hence the name of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Province, officially named the Ming Dynasty. Heilongjiang, Heilongjiang Province, is named for, Jilin City, Jilin Province, so named because, in Liaoning province have Liao named because, "rather" implies Liaohe "peace" means. Inner Mongolia and the Mongolian concentrate due to the north and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was established in 1947. Because in the south of Yunnan and said Yunling Yunnan. Guangdong is because when the Quang Nam Song Road, Guangdong Province, next _set_, the corresponding _set_ of Guangxi, Guangxi Province, Qing Road, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was established in 1958, beginning with this name. Ningxia is the Western Xia Song, Yuan _set_ up Ningxia Road, from the province name continues to this day. Tibet in the early Qing hours Maekura, after possession, Kamu, Ali, four, collectively known as the Tibetan Emperor Kangxi years, continues to this day. Warring States Period to Guizhou and Guizhou and the Chu-lan, Yelang, is Jing Han, benefit the two states, the Tang Dynasty _set_ in Guizhou province. Song Kai-year period the rate of indigenous leaders to pledge allegiance moment state Minzhong court, because of dialect in the "moment" reads "your", Guizhou, a beginning has said. Xinjiang is located in the northwest frontier of China's Qing dynasty was established province, Xinjiang is called a natural. In short, the Chinese province of origin of the name of a long history, there are deep cultural connotation, and more associated with the landmark. Let's talk about names The famous Tang Dynasty monk poet Jia Dao's "come down to earth poem" the last four is the "tear drops so far hill, a long disease to spring grass. Bosom every ground easily, solitary Sao negative Sunshine." Tang Dynasty poet Lu Guan Qilu "late times Ezhou" final four "Sunshine worry coming from every Autumn, thousands of miles hearts out for months. The old has to do with the campaign, more worthy of Pi drum sound on the river." Here's "Sunshine" means Hunan. "Universal mind," said Xiangxiang for the next Hunan, Xiangtan in Hunan is, Xiangyin of the Hunan, collectively known as "Sunshine." Another said Xiang River upstream of the confluence with the Li River water after the call Lixiang, River after the confluence with the Xiaoshui called Xiaoxiang downstream after the confluence with distilled water Zhengxiang called, collectively, the "Sunshine." Hibiscus is rich because of Hunan, Hunan, there is a nickname, "Hibiscus country." "Cultural Revolution" during the Revolutionary Committee of Hunan Province, established "People's Daily" published an editorial headline is "where do Zhaohui Hibiscus country." Cui Shu Tang Dynasty poet Qilu "九日 Liu Teng Wang Sendai government was" the jaw joint, "Shanxi Yunshan are north, the second tomb from the east wind and rain." Here, "Shanxi" means Shanxi. "Shanxi" in the title a long time. Spring and Autumn Period established a strong Jin Gong, Gong has become Hegemons one. To the Warring States Period, three sub-Jin, is divided into Yan, Zhao, Wei Sanguo, including the current Shanxi, Hebei, Henan part, and later refers to as Shanxi, Shanxi, Shanxi referred to as "Jin", because the Yellow River in Shanxi province in the east it is also referred to as "east." Cui Tang poet Tu five verses, "In addition to the night, there have been" in the first joint, "Tiao delivery of the three bus way, halter body danger thousands of miles." Here, "three bus" means Sichuan. "Huayang" record: Emperor Xian of Han Jian six years as Berkshire Yongning change to solid hills of Patong, An Han Brazil collectively, the "three bus", while a title in Sichuan - Sichuan, due to the Sichuan Basin is also rich there is a "Land of Abundance" name. China with the "three" the word names, geographical names are many, many names of thousands of years of tradition to the ancient literati poetry lyrics, painting, writing articles are added to a rich vocabulary, writing poetry, especially the title due to a variety of names to Swank thicker. Also highlights the names of diverse names of Chinese civilization and culture in the profound, long, and this is our ancestors left behind a valuable cultural heritage. Country names Pingyao (Pottery) origin Pingyao ancient times, said ancient pottery, the site now Pingyao Joe Village (Ji wall), according to legend inflammation, Battle of the Yellow Emperor Huang Erdi Banquan victory, became the overlord of the world established the position of the Yellow Emperor, orders the world, large letters territory, a along the Fen River on the Yellow Emperor into Huijihe tour has Pingyao Joe Village (Ji wall) along the plains, found not far from the scenery alone show, but the smoke everywhere, and shore view, the area belongs to a (now Pingyao Du Village) large-scale ceramics, simple and very fine, which closed here as ancient pottery, the inherent "Ding Feng emperor in ancient pottery," said. Pingyao Du Village pottery has a long history, until the Ming Dynasty. This Pingyao South Temple, the temple walls are inscribed with the glass ceramic, "the King County Hou, Hou let the door people Tsai, Zhang Yi, Du village artisan-made" kind of inscription. Said: These people are of the Ming Dynasty Hongzhi Pingyao glass artists.
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Encyclopedia
diming Names geographical name It gives a particular natural or human geography on the spatial location of the entity's distinguished name. With scientific and technological development, expansion of the field of human activity, place names have been limited to the traditional object of the Earth's surface, and extend to the bottom and the other planets. Italian for English names and words have toponym place name. Names are proprietary names of word-name, in order to distinguish the different geographical entities, through word-building means to give a different word form. Word-building with the names of the different languages they have their own characteristics, with some articles in the language of place names, such as Los Angeles (Los Angeles), los for the Spanish definite article; generic names in some languages specifically name names before the If Yunjinghong, allowing the city intended for the Dai, the former generic names; others in the composition of the stem before and after the additional affixes names, such as Ленинград (Leningrad), град for the Russian suffix, meaning the city. China's first Chinese place names, mostly monosyllabic words, such as business (business start Zuqi of residence, this Shangqiu). After the emergence of phonetic word, multi-shaped side refers to the class, such as the Mountain (Song), Rui (Wei), Fu (PI), respectively, mountain, water, and towns. Later, the names have become generic names specifically name names plus the general pattern of word formation. Generic names is that names the type of geographic entity within the meaning of words, proper names are names that kind of a geographic entity in the individual words. Such as the Pacific, the Yongding River, Hainan Island, Changshou other names in the ocean, river, island and county are generic names, Pacific, Yongding, Hainan, longevity is a special name names. Some words in place names into the Central Plains was designed as a generic name of components, such as Suzhou in the "state" of words and Shijiazhuang City, the "village" as a generic character of the original, where you become part of proper names. Some words in the Central Plains as the proper name names, and later into a generic, such as the "river" was the special name of the Yangtze River, "River" was the proper name of the Yellow River, have evolved into the river after the generic. The characteristics of a social names, age, ethnic and regional characteristics. Social names is a product of society, its name, the evolution always constrained by the level of social development. No sailing knowledge accumulation and 15 to 17 century, geographical discovery, there would be like the Pacific, Indian Ocean and other waters of the name. Not submersible, space shuttle and other modern equipment, there will be more and more today, and monthly sea surface names. The early stages of place names is often put forward by a few people, only through social practice as recognized by most people, that is, when the convention in order to play a role in social communication. Person mentioned by a few names for the majority of recognized members of society, to go through a certain communication and _select_ion process. Use the power of social organization, especially the power of administrative agencies, to accelerate the process. In order to better communication, people do not like those who call cumbersome, tedious to write names, and asked the meaning of healthy, easy to remember, and said that the names of Ya. As previously prevailing Europa Island, A non-american continent, Africa has been reduced to Europe Asia, Africa, Asia, China in 1964, the county changed Zhouzhi □ □, □ County to Huxian. Times naming names usually reflect the characteristics of the times named, can be said that every historical era has to reflect the characteristics of the times of the names. In a class society, many place names reflect the awareness of the ruling class. If the parent name as Emperor Wen Zhong, was hanged "loyalty" word and its homophone, and he changed in Hill County in Hill County (now part of Hebei Province), change in Neijiang County River County (now part of Sichuan Province), and has been in use down; the original British
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English Expression
: geographical name, Bakassi Peninsula, Manado, (Menado), Sulawesi Island
n.: toponomy, toponym, toponymy, a local name, place name
French Expression
n. nom de lieu
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