Divided garden with cool, traveled several human dream. Yan ground Shuangbin iron snow, Sang-arc shot was a hemp rope. Time of drawing paper for the chess game, the cause of problems check to see sacs. So the immediate benefit from Seoul, Mo in the more dry around them busy.
Species have flowers and trees, built a pavilion Taixie the hammer with pool, heap a rockery, a rest place for people to visit. Chinese classical gardens sprout in the Qin and Han Dynasties, Song after maturity. Grouped generally divided into the Royal gardens, private gardens, temples and gardens in three categories.
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yuán lín
Professionals who play for the rest of the local flowers and trees planted
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No. 4
Garden art
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No. 5
Planting flowers and trees, both Pavilion facilities for people tour the rest of the place. Jin Zhanghan "Miscellaneous Poems": "late spring and gas should be, white sun garden." Tanggu Island "rural home that is something" poem: "to live in this garden for a long time, its failure to be home." Ming Liu Ji, "spring three quatrains" one: "thin to rain and wind, the garden is a third-fat dry roots of plant." Qing Wu Albert "Late Tiao" poem: "the original temple Han Quan, the garden Akigusa side."
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No. 6
That home. "Yuan Poetry Chronicle," Volume 4 per Monks cited real "Bamboo Deep" Poems: "an official all-day North and South a decade, still want to park Lynn forget." Qing Gu, "Autumn Rain" Poem: "Transfer a few years, may not return garden . "
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Interpretation of landscape
In a certain geographical application of engineering techniques and artistic means, through the transformation of the terrain (or further build mountains, Stones, Water), planting trees and plants, construction and layout of Park Road to create a way to create such beauty from the natural environment and recreation throughout the domain , called garden. Garden, including garden, Residence Garden, small amusement parks, gardens, parks, botanical gardens, zoos, etc., with the landscape development of the subject, including forest parks, squares, streets, scenic spots, nature reserves or national parks and resorts resort . Garden, where in ancient China, also known according to the different nature of the park, caught, Court, Park Pavilion, garden, garden, mountain pool, pool hall, Villas, Villa and so on, U.S. and British national is called Garden, Park, Landscape Garden. Their nature, though not exactly the same size, but all share a common characteristic: that within a certain location, use and transformation of natural or artificial open landscape landscape landscape landscape, combined with the planting and construction of plant layout, so as to constitute a place for people to watch, recreation, living environment. Creating such an environment the entire process (including the design and construction included) commonly known as "gardening" on how to create such an environment, science is "Gardening learn." Landscape construction and people's aesthetic values, social level of science and technology has always been, it was more the combination of the local people or future living space is a yearning in contemporary, garden site _select_ion has not rigidly adhere to mountains and rivers, deep house big government, and extensive built on the streets, transportation hub, residential areas, industrial areas and large roof of the building, the use of material from the traditional construction material and plant expansion to the water, lights, sound and other technical means of comprehensive
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The name of the garden
Historically, open throughout the domain due to the different forms of content and used a different name. China's Yin and Zhou Period and West of the Assyrians, to the keeper of animals for hunting and Touring throughout the domain as caught, and Chase. Emperor Qin and Han Dynasty in China for the Realm of recreation or palace called the Court; is known as government offices or private garden, Garden, Residence Garden, not industry. "Garden" is found in the Western Jin Dynasty after the poems, such as the West Jin Zhanghan "Miscellaneous Poems" have "to be late spring and gas, white sun garden" sentence; Wei Yang and Metaphysics, "Record of Buddhist Temples in Luoyang," Review of Secretary for Agriculture, said the residential Lun Zhang : "The Beauty of Garden Hill Pond, Mo, and the kings." Tang and Song, "garden" of the term more widely, often to above refers to a variety of recreation throughout the domain.
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Garden features
Said from the layout, the garden can be divided into three categories: Rules on behalf of the Western-style garden terrace behalf of the State of Italy, France and China Palace Royal Garden Representative of the natural style private garden in Suzhou China Garden Lingnan garden hybrid rule based and modern architecture with natural style
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Landscape Development
Said the way from the development, landscape can be divided into two main categories: One is the use of the original wind-induced naturally to Wu Li chaos, repair development, open up the path, layout landscape architecture at no cost to the personnel of the public can form a natural garden. Tang Wei Chuan as other construction industry is the private villa with a mountain lake in a natural valley area of wins can be called mountain villa; such as Hunan, Dayong County, Zhangjiajie, Jiuzhaigou, Songpan County, with beautiful scenery a wide range of natural areas, minor construction, development, you can use, called the natural beauty; such as Mount Taishan, Mount Huangshan, Mount Wuyi, the development of a long history, there are monuments, mythology, religious art, etc., called the scenic spots . The other is artificial garden, that in a certain geographical area, to improve the ecology, landscaping, recreational and cultural life to meet the needs created by the environment, such as small parks, gardens and parks. Chinese classical gardens in the world, has a high reputation, the representative of Suzhou gardens, there were famous Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, the Nets Garden, the Mountain Villa, Lotus Garden, Lion Forest and so on.
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Garden implement
The so-called garden to achieve - that is: the garden. Under normal circumstances, the merits of landscape or not, except for some restrictions on the timing and place, the more the designer of the garden depends on whether the imaginative, whether the clever use of geographical and environmental characteristics, financial self- aesthetic ideas in them, since a unique identity. Therefore, the design in the former, the layout in the post; _select_ion in the former, the construction in the post; landscaping in the former, the integration in the post. Of course, excluding the effects and put the garden now, is not desirable, can not be based on protecting the ecological environment of gardening, but also shallow and non-district, will make life difficult time Liufang.
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Landscape Architecture
Training Objectives: Training to adapt to the 21st century, China's social economic development, moral, intellectual and physical development, a solid theoretical basis, knowledge breadth, adaptability, ability to work, the overall high quality, innovative spirit and a certain professional skills, building and garden management personnel, with a town green, landscape architecture, landscape construction, landscaping and other garden plants and garden planning and design of plant cultivation, breeding and conservation and management and other basic skills. Main courses: Introduction to Landscape Architecture, art, botany, landscape engineering drawing, surveying, preliminary design, computer aided design, landscape design introduction (bilingual education), environmental art, urban green space system planning, landscape architecture, landscape design school, garden Engineering, Introduction to Landscape Plants (bilingual education), learning landscape trees, garden flowers, science, turf science, protection of landscape plants, landscape construction operations and so on. The graduates should have the following knowledge, abilities and qualities: 1, with a solid architecture, architecture, art and other disciplines design the basic theory, basic knowledge. 2, has a painting skills and aesthetic knowledge, to apply the appropriate theory of art and design practices on the natural landscape, plant material for artistic creation. 3, master planning scenic spots, forest parks planning, urban green space system planning, various types of green space planning and design, landscape architecture, garden design, landscaping design garden plants. 4, with scenic areas, urban landscape construction and management of the basic skills. 5, have the necessary garden plant cultivation, breeding and conservation management techniques. 6, with research and decision-making, organizational management and scientific research, independent access to knowledge, information processing and innovative basic skills. 7, the familiar green of our land, scenic areas and construction of forest parks, forest resources, land resources protection and urban environmental management and protection policies and regulations. 8, has some scientific research and practical skills, theoretical understanding of domestic and international front garden subject, prospects and developments. 9, with a strong English language proficiency and computer skills; master document retrieval and application of modern information technology, the basic method of access to data and information. 10 to understand the basic knowledge of sports and physical exercise basic methods to achieve physical health standards for students; humanities and natural sciences Social theory and basic knowledge of the basic, with a higher overall quality. Employment orientation: Examination of the titles available: Title card: technician, assistant engineer, engineer, senior engineer enough of these conditions can be as long as the comment. Certificate: Flowers work (beginning, intermediate, advanced), Green Chemical (beginning, intermediate, advanced), landscape construction workers (beginning, intermediate, advanced), plant protection workers (beginning, intermediate, advanced) and so they have to take the test. There are construction division, budget posts, designers, etc to participate in the national examinations.
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Chinese garden
A long history of Chinese gardens is the art treasures of ancient architecture, garden art is goes back to the palace of King Wu of Zhou during the construction activities there, she formed mainly by the ruling class thought and Buddhism, painting, poetry artistic effects, such as the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, the fierce competition for the ruling class, the state was divided, in addition to Taoism and Buddhism prevailing influence, resulting in metaphysics, when the literati, or wishes to pleasure, or abstinence, or travel landscape led to the formation of the natural aesthetic, park administration is also more natural taste characteristics of the pastoral landscape. Construction of Chinese classical gardens, mainly on the basis of the natural landscape, and spread artificial Palace, Gallery, House, House and other buildings, to artificial means to follow the natural, historical periods in which different perspectives of human thought, especially poetry, words, Painting realm of thought. Classification of traditional Chinese garden, from a different perspective, can have different classification methods. There are two general classifications. (A) of the identity of sub-occupied 1, the Royal Garden Is designed for the imperial pleasure garden rest. Guren Jiang Wang soil Could this world, it seems the ruling class in the country's rivers belong to the Royal all. So which is characterized by large-scale, real san water more magnificent garden building color, building size tall. Existing for the famous royal garden are: Beijing's Summer Palace, Beihai Park in Beijing, Hebei Chengde Mountain Resort. 2 Private garden Clan Royal is for the wife's family, kings and officials, rich merchants and other leisure garden. Its characteristics are small, so the water used fake rockery, building small size, the performance of its sober and elegant colors. Existing private gardens, such as the Prince Gong's Mansion in Beijing, Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, leaving the country, Canglang, net lion park, Shanghai's Yuyuan Garden and so on. (B) the geographical location points Gardens 1, the north type North Garden, due to geographical broad, so the range is relatively large; because of the capital where most of a building so magnificent. Limitations due to natural weather conditions, rivers and lakes, rock garden and evergreen trees less. Expansion of the rough style, so beautiful it appears that lack of pro-US. Mostly concentrated on behalf of the North Garden in Beijing, Xi'an and Luoyang. Kaifeng, especially in Beijing as the representative. 2, southern type Densely populated south, so the range of small garden area; because of rivers and lakes, garden stone, evergreen trees more so than the delicate exquisite garden views. Due to the above conditions, which is characterized by beautiful scenery, elegant simplicity, deep twists and turns, but what area is small, somewhat cramped. On behalf of Southern gardens; tables are mostly concentrated in Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and other places, especially in Suzhou as the representative. 3, Lingnan type Because of its subtropical evergreen, and there are rivers, so the garden conditions than the north, the south is good. The obvious feature is a tropical landscape, buildings are high and spacious. Lingnan types of existing gardens, a famous Qing Hui Garden in Shunde, the East Wing of the can park, Panyu's Yu Yin Shan Fang and so on. The essential characteristics of Chinese classical gardens reflected in the following aspects: 1, the model landscape water mountain range Topography, hydrology, native plants and other natural resources in the local landscape, is the subject of Chinese classical gardens of the elements of space. Local materials Seiko doing fine, the mood landscape performance of traditional Chinese gardens I have one of the main features. Chinese Classical Gardens stressed that "although the people do, Naturalism," and emphasized that "from the natural and above nature," emphasizes the understanding of nature and feelings. 2, the ideal environment suitable for living Pursuit of the ideal living environment, and create a health good and comfortable, clean and pleasant micro-climate conditions, the ancient Chinese living environment is relatively poor, classical Chinese garden landscaping a strong focus on micro-climate conditions improve, and create a more comfortable and pleasant environment, such as landscape layout , plant cultivation, Tinglang construction and so on, all to light, air, temperature and other factors of human comfort based on the formation of the ideal of living a comfortable and pleasant living environment. Not rigidly adhere to the scope of the courtyard, through the expansion of space through the visual scene boundaries, so that the natural landscape and the landscape outside linked echoes to create a holistic landscape. View or wait and see whether action can see the beautiful scenery, the pursuit of unlimited extension of the space visual effects. 4, the gradual spatial organization Combining static and dynamic, the actual situation contrast, nexus, progressive, attractive, getting better means the spatial organization of the twists and turns and space, park space in the garden-style garden layout of the overall principles often divided into many different shapes, different spatial scales and different personality and the formation of blend together various elements of space, mixed interlaced with each other shade, the natural landscape, cultural landscape is divided into several fragments, respectively, the performance space for local people to see staggered to form, rich, seems to be no end landscape. 5, small in the large space results Garden artists to seize the ancient nature of the various views of the typical characteristics of refined tailoring, the mountainous ravine a small courtyard again now, the park site in the two-dimensional space on the outstanding three-dimensional effect. "A limited area, creating an infinite space." "Big" and "small" is relative, the key is "fake natural scenery, a landscape really fun, too garden mood." 6, it is interesting garden culture People often use landscape poetry, painting focussed on landscapes, the expression of symbiotic harmony with nature, the pursuit of detached thoughts and mood. Often through the classical gardens of couplets plaques, stone, calligraphy, art, literature, philosophy, music and other forms of expression landscape mood, so rich in content elements of garden and landscape thickness. Classical Chinese Garden is to the north of the private garden and the Royal Gardens as the representative form of landscape gardens, garden history of the development is unique in the world, is a valuable historical and cultural heritage of all mankind. The classification of Chinese classical gardens, from a different perspective, can have different classification methods. There are three general classifications: [By Park site _select_ion and development of forest-Way] 1. Artificial landscape garden The development of the garden to create a fully conscious of the aesthetic realm the emergence of phase one of the highest class of landscape. Such gardens were built on flat lots, especially within urban majority. Built environment in cities and towns inside the creation of simulated natural rustic charm of small environment, like a little oasis, it is also known as "urban forest." 2. The natural landscape garden Generally built in the suburbs or outer suburbs of urban areas of the mountain scenery, including the landscape garden, mountain park and water garden and so on. Hing-made natural landscape garden is the key to _select_ the base address, if the site properly, you can get much better than a small amount of the cost of the park's natural landscape in the artificial landscape of real interest. [By possession of identity, affiliation sub] 1, the Royal Garden Is designed for the imperial pleasure garden rest. Guren Jiang Wang soil Could this world, it seems the ruling class in the country's rivers belong to the Royal used. So which is characterized by large-scale, real san water garden building more magnificent color, size tall buildings. There is a famous imperial garden existing Beijing's Summer Palace, Beihai Park in Beijing, Hebei Chengde Mountain Resort. Belongs to the emperor by private individuals and the royal family, known in ancient Court, Yuan You, palace, Regency, Royal Park. 2 Private garden Is for Clan Royal, Princes officials, wealthy businessmen and other leisure garden. Its characteristics are small so the water used fake rockery, building small size, the performance of its sober and elegant colors. Existing private gardens, such as the Prince Gong's Mansion in Beijing, Suzhou Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden, the Nets Garden, Shanghai, Yu Garden and so on. Nobles belonging to the private sector, bureaucrats, private to gentrification, which said the ancient garden, pavilion, garden villas, pool hall, mountain pool, Villa, Villas, Cottage and so on. 3. Temple garden A subsidiary of Buddhist temples and Taoist gardens, including temple sites in the inner courtyard garden and external environment. 1, the north type North Garden, due to geographical broad, so the range is relatively large; because of the county where the mostly white, so the architectural magnificence. Limited by weather conditions due to natural rivers and lakes, and evergreen trees and garden stones are small. Therefore, it appears that the United States lack the beautiful Mei. Representatives of the North Garden are mostly concentrated in Beijing, Xi'an, Luoyang, Kaifeng, especially in Beijing as the representative. 2, southern type Densely populated south, so the range of small garden area; because of rivers and lakes, garden stone, evergreen trees more so than the delicate exquisite garden views. Due to the above conditions, characterized by beautiful scenery, elegant simplicity, deep twists and turns, but what area is small, somewhat cramped. Mostly concentrated on behalf of the South Garden in Nanjing, Shanghai, Wuxi, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Yangzhou and other places, especially in Suzhou as the representative. 3, Lingnan type Because of its subtropical evergreen, and there are rivers, so the garden conditions than the north, the south is good. The obvious feature is a tropical landscape, buildings are high and spacious. Lingnan types of existing gardens, a famous Qing Hui Garden in Shunde, Dongguan, can park. 4. In addition to the three themes of style, there Sichuan gardens, gardens and other forms of the Western Regions. Fangyuan Lin Chinese classical gardens of some of the things common design philosophy has its own processing means; and blend their own history, culture, geographical features, too, some of his unique performance. 2, the pattern of imitation of the natural landscape landscape 3, the poetic technique of expression 4, comfortable and pleasant living environment 5, who, by coincidence on the expansion of the horizon 6, step by step sequence space 7, small in the big visual effects 8 euphemistic expression of emotion Four Chinese Classical Garden Summer Palace, Mountain Resort, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden Four of Suzhou Classical Garden (Surging Wave Pavilion, Lion Grove, Humble Administrator's Garden, Lingering Garden) Garden industry's professional company type: The first category, flower seed company Including: flower production company, Flower Fish Culture Company, breeding companies, seed sales company, Zubai companies, marketing companies cut flowers The second category, landscape engineering company Include: lawn and ground cover plant production companies, seed companies, garden machinery sales companies, engineering companies, drop-Hill marble company, irrigation companies, landscape project bidding company, Garden Management Company
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Origin and Development garden
China should start gardening business week, caught the time called. Business King Zhou "wine Yin Yue, the benefits of closing the dog Marchi material, filling fill up the palace, the benefits of extensive sand dunes Court station (Note: Hebei Xingtai Guangzong area), mostly from wild animals (flying) birds, which is _set_ ... ...." King Wen of Zhou Jian Ling caught, "Fang Qi Shili, during which vegetation, birds and animals thrive. The original" caught ", is to ring up the local beautiful natural scenery, animal stocking for the emperor hunting, also called travel caught. Kings, princes have caught, but the scope and specifications of class differences, "Barry emperor, princes forty.", said since the Han Court. on the basis of the Qin Dynasty Han Dynasty to the tour caught early, the development of the imperial garden-based Yuan You palace, in addition to the landscape layout of recreation for the emperor, but also held Chaohe, handling affairs of state. Han emperor's "Weiyang Palace," Han Wen's "Sixian Park", the emperor's "Shanglin Parkland," Prince Liangxiao The "Tung Court" (also known as Liang Yuan, dodder park, Sui Park), Xuan "Music Garden", are well-known Yuanyou this period. from murals in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Yuanyou Pavilion, Yuan Lee Yong-Jin Han people alongside the Court, you can see the garden when the Han have a high level, but also very large. Mei Sheng's "dodder Park Fu", Sima Xiangru "Shanglin Fu" and Ban Gu's " West Du Fu, "Sima Qian's" Shi Ji "and" Xijing ", recorded books" Sansuke yellow map "and other history books and literature, caught for the above Court, have more detailed records. Wei, China's social development in the history of an important period, once the socio-economic prosperity, cultural prosperity and the pursuit of natural beauty literati, mountains and rivers become the top travel habits in general. Liu Xie, "Wen Xin Diao Long", Zhong Rong's "Poetry", Tao's "Peach Blossom Spring" and many other famous article, all came out during this period. Taizong "good governance, a flourishing" society into that period, the court Regency design increasingly sophisticated, especially the stone carving has the skill, Diaolan jade puzzle palace building, especially look gorgeous. "Cut Temple Garden", "Eastern Capital Court," "God is Court", "Cuiwei Palace", etc., are charming and ever. Emperor in Xi'an Lishan year built, "Tang Quan Palace", was later converted Emperor "Hua Qing." Here's palace temple pavilion, "connected city", tang in it, "slow songs slow dance condensate string and wind, try and look less than kings." Du Fu had a "self-love Going to Fengxian County Wing Five Hundred Words," the poem, description, and denounced the princely dignitaries of the decadent life. Song Yuan garden also has a thriving period, particularly in the stone, the greater development. Huizong in the "Yu Tai Fung Hang," under the slogan of massive construction projects. Some of his accomplishments in painting, in particular, like to rock as the appreciation of objects. First in Suzhou, Hangzhou, to _set_ the "artificial Bureau", and later _set_ up in Suzhou Tim "should Bong Board" solely on the private collection of unusual flowers stone, boats destined for the Kyoto phase to the construction of Kaifeng palace. "Shou Gen Yue," The Longevity Hill is a considerable size of the Regency. In addition, "Joan Wah", "Yichun Garden", "Lim Court" and some other famous gardens. Today Kaifeng, a few pieces on display in the phase Temple rocks, strange shape indeed extraordinary. Suzhou, Yangzhou and Beijing also have a "flower stone program," relics are even wonders. During this period, a large number of writers, artists participate in garden, landscape garden to further enhance the creation of impressionistic mood. End of the Qing, Garden stagnant theoretical exploration, coupled with society as external aggression, the impact of Western culture, the collapse of the national economy and other reasons, the garden created by the peak to decline. However, the achievements of the Chinese garden history has reached its peaks, its gardening practices have been respected and imitation of western countries, in the West _set_ off a wave of "China Garden hot." Chinese garden art from East to West, has become recognized the world over the garden shared by the mother, the world's wonders of art.
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Encyclopedia
Garden park and garden In a certain geographical application of engineering techniques and artistic means, through the transformation of the terrain (or further build mountains, Stones, Water), planting trees and plants, construction and layout of Park Road to create a way to create such beauty from the natural environment and recreation throughout the domain . Garden, including garden, Residence Garden, small amusement parks, gardens, parks, botanical gardens, zoos, etc., with the landscape development of the subject, including forest parks, scenic spots, nature reserves or national parks of the resort and resorts. Name in history, and recreation throughout the domain due to the different forms of content and used a different name. China's Yin and Zhou Period and West of the Assyrians, to the keeper of animals for hunting and Touring throughout the domain as caught, and Chase. Emperor Qin and Han Dynasty in China for the Realm of recreation or palace called the Court; is known as government offices or private garden, Garden, Residence Garden, not industry. "Garden" is found in the Western Jin Dynasty after the poems, such as the West Jin Zhanghan "Miscellaneous Poems" have "to be late spring and gas, white sun garden" sentence; Wei Yang □, "Record of Buddhist Temples in Luoyang," Review of Secretary for Agriculture, said the residential Lun Zhang : "The Beauty of Garden Hill Pond, Mo, and the kings." Tang and Song, "garden" of the term more widely, often to above refers to a variety of recreation throughout the domain. Development mode, said the way from the development, the garden can be divided into two main categories: One is the use of the original wind-induced naturally to Wu Li chaos, repair development, open up the path, layout landscape architecture at no cost to the personnel of the public can form a natural garden. Tang Wei Chuan as other construction industry is the private villa with a mountain lake in the victory of the natural valley area, may be called mountain villa; such as Hunan, Dayong County, Zhangjiajie, Jiuzhaigou, Songpan County, with beautiful scenery a wide range of natural areas, minor construction, development, you can use, called the natural beauty; such as Mount Taishan, Mount Huangshan, Mount Wuyi, the development of a long history, there are monuments, mythology, religious art, etc., called the scenic spots . The other is artificial garden, that in a certain geographical area, to improve the ecology, landscaping, recreational and cultural life to meet the needs created by the environment, such as small parks, gardens and parks. (Wang Juyuan)
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English Expression
n.: park, landscape garden, garden
French Expression
n. jardin
n. parc
Thesaurus
Yuanlin Village, Yuanlindadui Village Park Juweihui, park Community Yuanlin Subdistrict
Related Phrases
configuration
build
numb
cyclopedia
gujian
ground cover vegetation
marble
cloud south fresh flowers
Fragrance Hill (a park in Beijing)
sight
Wikipedia Daquan
travel
peking
Civility heritage
Throughout the country priority Cultural relic Preserve denomination
Characters
Musician
folk music
Execute group consisting of parents and their children
landscape plant