At present, there are three different definitions: 1, for the exchange of goods produced (or for exchange) to others or socially useful work product. 2, the product is for the exchange of labor products. 3, is the result of the exchange of goods and non-labor products into the use of the process.
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The basic attributes of goods
The basic attributes of goods value and use value. The essential attribute of the value of a commodity, use value is the natural property of commodities. Other attributes of goods Other attributes of goods can be divided into the following categories: 1: fixed property (1) This mainly refers to the relative change of a commodity attributes, such as the commodity code, product name, manufacturer, product bar codes, commodity groups and so on. In general, these properties do not change. There are some changes under special circumstances, such as commodity groups by the same commodity when the subclasses for different shopping malls, may have different ownership. Commodity code, generally do not change, but the business sector in the market changes, it may change, depending on the mall's existing computer system commodity code rules. 2: changes in property Means to change the course of business properties, such as product price, product number, purchase officers, supply units. Similarly, for changes in properties, but also the nature of the operation and management of the points. (1) changes in property management product attributes are: purchase price, sales price, product batches, purchase quantity, owned warehouse, distribution and sales agency nature of the purchase price including tax or not and so on. (2) changes in property management product attributes are: Poly preservation of goods, merchandise inventory location, merchandise display location, the amount of goods proposed purchase of goods supply cycle, commodity purchase costs, suggested retail price of goods, competitors, and other commodity prices . 3. To deal with and understand the other attributes of goods Commodity is the basis for property management property management property is the Advanced Properties. Management of the correctness of attribute dependency properties and systematic basis. More basic commodity of fixed property is property, it is also the basis of product attributes change. It can be said of fixed attributes of goods is the most basic parts. On the other hand, the various attributes of goods under certain conditions can transform into each other, such as commodities affiliation. Maximum and minimum stock of goods but also of a similar nature. Sales fluctuations is small, less affected by seasonal goods, and its maximum and minimum stock to be placed within a fixed property. Classification of the attributes of goods, the main purpose of the role of these properties under the fair use. For developers, can commodity attribute of the application design, user interface and reasonable organization. Depending on the product attributes stratified by the application software functions in order to achieve prioritized, interface features simple and clear purpose. Can also reduce the user's difficulty and the difficulty of training users. 4. In the management role (1) fixed property Application of fixed property is the basis of the bottom, go through all the applications in order to play the role of fixed property. This part of the property involved in the very wide range of things associated with more significant amount of data a. business property Business property can not have any errors. Whether the system design errors or data preparation errors, applications are bound to bring a lot of troubles. For example, a commodity coding error, it will cause from the contract, purchase, sales, billing and other related processes all errors. Many of these errors can not be eliminated. In another example, changes in properties of goods suppliers, if the property is placed in fixed, you can not simultaneously purchase from two suppliers. The resulting merchandise or merchandise, or unable to _set_tle (the file can have only one commodity suppliers). If the goods are treated as changes in properties of fixed property will result in a large number of other problems and errors. Such as commodities in the commodity file name is not defined in the system use, users spend a lot of time to input the corresponding Chinese character, causing great inconvenience to use. Such errors may even cause the entire system error. Therefore, the data preparation process, a product corresponds to the name, code, bar code, manufacturer, product category, etc., should strictly be checked carefully to prevent mistakes. Feedback from the situation a lot of practice, many errors are generated in the process of data preparation, mainly to the underlying data does not give enough attention to result. b. management of property Senior management of property and can be regarded as property. This is because these properties to be useful, applications must be complete and accurate data. Otherwise, wasted a lot of human and material resources are not actual results. Properties such as the stock upper and lower limits, if the actual stock quantity is not clear, this property specifies if there will be no longer any reasonable use. Another example is the preservation of goods Poly period, the number of errors if the actual sales of goods of capital preservation Poly is wrong. Fixed property management property in a great impact on the system because it has a long-term effects the whole system, the associated changes in almost every use of property are affected by it when. So it is global properties, in use to take very seriously. With changes in some fixed properties is very closely related properties, such as the number of days shelf life of goods, is a absolute value, it keep up the starting point for goods to enter the date of warranty relate to specific goods to be meaningful. The division of such property with particular attention. If the number of days on the changes in properties of durability, the operation is very troublesome, but also prone to data error (not filled or casually fill data). (2) changes in property Changes in properties during the transfer process is reflected in the content, such as the purchase price of goods. Every purchase price may be different with the last. Values of these properties are changing. It reflects the flow of goods in different stages of the process of change. Grasp these changes, business rules can control, timely adjustment of product management strategy, improve operational efficiency. a. business property Includes purchase price, purchase quantity, purchase departments, buyers, purchase date, warranty start date, purchase cost, supplier, purchase a batch, the _set_tlement date, _set_tlement, the consignment, retail price, stock number, inventory number , the number of other items of profit and loss. These properties are in the commodity business of the most important raw operational data. They feature a business process in the commodity may change at any time. Because the process occurs, with the movement of goods, so sometimes call these properties as the mobile property. These properties determine the course of business goods, the whole information system is the most nuclear properties. If this part of the attribute data corresponding to no errors in the course of business, the computer information system design and use of user is generally successful, because the system has been operating independently support the integrity of the process of the. For most of the domestic retail business, this is an important landmark points. It is expressed in a certain extent, the success of the system. b. management of property Property from a variety of stringent point of view of management and operation of property greater than the strict management of property. Business value of the property can not be wrong, because the fixed property is a fact reflected not wrong. Changes in the business attribute data attribute the overwhelming majority of business is to finance the original data, it can not have the slightest mistake. This is why the management of property to operate on the basis of the property is an important reason to play a role. Even if the daily operations are not on the financial account, supplier and trade names are not right, how could it comes management. Instead, management property management property than the strict requirements of loose much. Because the management of property is mainly reflected in the basic qualitative and quantitative data, does not have the financial accounts of the nature. In many cases, the data for the business, is a reference guide data. Of course, these data than manual management of the state of the results must be accurate, objective and much more, not even the same concept. Because the manual management to handle the amount of data is too small, too simple operation and handling, so many of the results is not correct or even wrong. Therefore, the amount of data management data can be even the slightest error is not very full and play a normal role in the case. In most cases, even if the underlying data is not complete and accurate (but basically complete and accurate), it is still able to provide accurate direction of the operator to adjust and make the right business decisions. Such as Poly preservation of goods, even from the algorithm point of view, they can have different results, but generally similar results, of course, management can provide considerable value for reference.
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Narrow and broad commodity goods
Refers only to meet the narrow definition of the physical commodity products; general merchandise in addition to tangible products, but also can be intangible services. Such as "insurance products", "financial products" and so on. In trademark matters for the relevant goods in the narrow sense of the provisions also apply to services.
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Product features
1, as a commodity, first of all must be the product of labor. In other words, if not the product of labor can not become a commodity. For example, the nature of air, sunlight, etc., although necessary for human life, but these are not the product of labor, so they can not be called commodities. 2, as a commodity, but must be used for exchange. And exchange of goods are always inseparable. That is, if not for the exchange, even if the products of labor can not be called commodities. For example, in ancient times, women weave the traditional male style of family farming production, so the food and woven cloth, in spite of all the products of labor, but only for family members to their own use, not for exchange with others, and therefore not a commodity. 3, to others or socially useful. The exchange will not be useless, useful exchange can occur. Features on the product description above, are still controversial.
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The distinction between goods and products
Logistics products Goods and Logistics in the "substance" includes the concept of one another. Goods can occur in the physical displacement of any material substance, that is, where commodities have to exercise elements of the elements and physical entities are the logistics of the "material." goods do not belong to this part. Therefore Logistics "objects" may be a commodity, there may be non-commodity. commodity logistics entities only "material" part.
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The labor embodied in the duality of commodities
Goods with two factors of production of goods because of labor with the duality of both the concrete labor and abstract labor. Concrete labor is carried out under certain specific forms of labor, vary the specific use of labor to create a vastly different value. Abstract labor is no difference in the specific form of labor aside the general human labor, that person's physical and mental productive expenditure. It is the only source of commodity value. Abstract labor and concrete labor relations: the unity of opposites. Value of goods from the production of goods determined by the amount of labor cost, and the amount of labor is measured by labor time. Private labor and social labor conflict is the basic contradiction of commodity economy. The meaning of commodities and the commodity economy Goods: Commodity exchange of labor for products Commodity economy: commodity production and commodity exchange the aggregate, constitute the commodity economy The basic attributes of goods 1) Use value Meaning: a need for products to meet the properties Practical value is the natural property of commodities Do not use the value of things is not a commodity 2) Value Meaning: no difference in the condensation in the commodity of human labor Value of the social attributes of goods, but also the unique attributes of goods (essential nature) Value is the basis of exchange value Value is abstract, in the money generated before it to show through the material; in the currency is produced, with the money to show
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Economic Wikipedia
Commodity (good, commodity) is for the exchange to meet the needs of the people all the goods, services and labor. Exchange and meet the needs of the commodity of the two indispensable attributes. Exchange value of commodities with the performance, meet the needs of the use value of commodities with the performance. These two properties determine the acquisition of any goods is price. Milk, bread, coal, electricity, vegetables, grain, cloth, etc. are all items, because they have two major attributes of goods. Transportation, hairdressing, healthcare and business services such as culture and education are commodities, as they cause not only meet people's needs, but also for the exchange, the use of these services must pay a price or remuneration. Labor is a commodity, and is particularly important commodities, production activities can not be separated any labor, but labor is used to exchange. To use the work, it must pay compensation to labor. Therefore, the work is to meet the production needs through the exchange of goods, workers pay the necessary labor for life, goods or services. Labor also has a certain nature of the services, which can also be classified as a service to the labor of these commodities. Air is not a commodity, even though the air for all needs, but people do not use the air to be exchanged.
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Economic Wikipedia
Any exchange or spot market transactions in key commodities
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Encyclopedia
shangpin Goods commodities Two factors of commodities into a working product after product to use value and value of the two factors or two-tier properties. Items to meet the needs of the people some kind of usefulness, is its use value. For example, you can eat food and cloth to keep warm, books, records meet the spiritual and cultural needs and so on. Physical body of the usefulness of the natural attributes of commodities, goods left the body to cease to exist. The body's natural attributes of goods, people get the same number it has nothing to do labor intensive. Use value in people using or consuming it only be achieved in the process. Either a society, the wealth of material content by using the value of the composition. However, this social form of wealth to commodity, use value is not for the producers own consumption, but for others that is for social consumption, and to be available through the exchange of social consumption. So, as a commodity, use value is also an exchange value of the material burden. The use value of goods is a social use value, not only look at the body's natural attributes of goods whether it useful and to see whether it is recognized by society, if someone is willing to exchange with it. Since it is for the exchange of goods, so it must have exchange value. Exchange value is first expressed as a commodity with another commodity in the exchange relationship between the amount or percentage. For example, a sheep for 20-foot cloth, cloth is a 20-foot sheep's exchange value. Used in two-phase exchange of value, no matter how the exchange ratio, the total indicates an equal relationship, which shows two different items in there, there is a qualitatively the same things in common. Such things can not be co-use value of goods or materials usefulness. This is because, as the use value of goods is only a qualitative difference. For example, the value of food and books for the use of fundamentally different, the former to satisfy the material needs of the hungry stomach, the latter to meet the spiritual needs of access to culture. Two different things can not compare the quality, can not determine the amount of the proportional relationship. If the body's use value of goods aside, only the products of labor to the property, this property is common to exchange the two commodities have. And, when we use the value of removing the products of labor, goods disappeared useful properties, the product of labor embodied in the useful work in a variety of specific forms of nature and disappear, the labor to produce these products are no longer any difference, all into abstract human labor. Labor and production materials, as a condensation of undifferentiated human labor is the value of the goods. Value of a unit of commodity producers, not by individual labor time, but by most of the producers of the average socially necessary labor time required decision, socially necessary labor time in the normal production of existing social conditions, skilled labor in the social average level of manufacturing and labor intensity required for a use value of labor time. At the same time socially necessary labor produced goods to have the same magnitude of value. Because
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English Expression
: mdse. merchandise, gds. goods, commodities
n.: commodity/financial derivatives, merchandice, goods for sale, goods bought and sold, trade, thing bought in a shop and put to use, esp in the home, in the window, price out of the market, lie on sb.'s hands, lie on sb.'s hand, on approbation (on appro), on appro, commodity, wares, ware, proposition, merchandize, Merchandise, mercantile, goods, conditioning, conditioner, catalog, article
discount