Business BC 1600 Tang Jianli. 1300 BC, Shang Wang Pangeng moved to Yin. "Yin Ruins" shells and animal bones found on the text - "Oracle." Si Mu Wu Ding generous - the world's largest bronze. Four sheep square statue. Western Zhou Dynasty King Wu - around the 11th century BC, Makino. King Ping of Zhou - Luo Yi (WANG dongqian. Feudal system; field system: The land is divided into box-shaped, aerial networks, like Tic-Tac-like Spring and Autumn period of slave society during the collapse. Duke dominate 1, Guan reform - the nation is strong; 2 Zunwangrangyi. Cheng Pu Jin Sheng Chu war defeat. Yue war. Taoist Lao Tzu "moral" dialectics "Misfortune, blessing of the Forest; Fu Xi, bad for the V '" inaction " Confucius, founder of Confucianism. Political views: "benevolence", "gift" rule. Educational Achievement: A, _set_ up private school; B, "individualized" "Reviewing the Old" Sun Tzu "The Art of War," "Know thyself, know yourself." The feudal system established during the Warring States period Shang Yang 1, spent Ida, open terraced rice paddies. (Recognition of private ownership of land, to establish the status of the landlord class) 2, reward farming war (against slave owners). 3, the establishment of the county system (enhanced centralization). Results: Qin gradually strong, for the later Qin Shi Huang unified foundation. Shou Shu Qin Li Bingcheng are Dujiangyan near the Minjiang River. Metal fabrication industry, Wan, Handan Que patients attending four steps: "look, smell, and asked, cutting" Luban Mohist Mo "universal love", "non-offensive" against the slave sacrificial victims. Confucianism Mencius 'Mencius' "people", "king of light," "benevolence," "Auntie who govern people, labor should treat people." Xunzi (materialism), "fate will use the system." Taoist Chuang-tzu "punish those who steal hook, kleptocrats princes." Legalist Han Fei Zi, "the rule of law" with draconian laws to suppress the people's resistance. Sun Bin military strategists, "Sun Bin's Art of War" Qu Yuan Chu, "Lament"
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Shang and Zhou's political system is characterized by
Shang, "Elder brother and" the system and Baiguan The "throne" as a surname of a king of private property, starting from the Xia Dynasty. However, the Xia, Shang dynasties has not been fully implemented entropy primogeniture, the eldest son inherited but entropy and the "Elder brother and" parallel. - "Foreign eight people on historical issues." From soup to the Shang Dynasty Zhou, a total for 17 behalf of 33 a king. Elder brother Tom has developed and re-transmission of Aniko system in which the dead brother inherited by the brother, all is not alive until the peer Zhu Di, and then inherited by the eldest brother's son. - Wei Qing Yuan editor of "History of China's political system." Shang has a huge bureaucracy ... "Book of Wine Patent" has the following records: "The more outer clothing: Austin Male Hou Wei Bang Bo; more in Oral: Bailiao Shu Yin ..." here to make the "Oral", " foreign service, "said. ... ... Shang Dynasty, "the number of oral administration official that there are many variety of duties ... ... the Shang Dynasty is the highest officials," phase ", often about the King ... (with) the so-called" Qing Shi "... for the officials in the" Your were "... the Shang Dynasty as well as" Excellencies, "said ... ... ... ... Shang Dynasty is not a permanent establishment there historian history ... ... such as large and small often in history ... ... about King, failing, they can express their views ..." division "is also a teacher was military attache Guan Ming ... ... ... ... known as the Shang Dynasty have Houbo accordance with" Oral "," foreign service "argument, Houbo a" foreign service "official ... These Houbo, not bureaucratic Shang Dynasty body part, their country is the existence side by side with the square Shang Dynasty China ... ... (Some) Houbo, although in this country is of a country, but they are in the business of senior regime officials, for example, "Warring Zhao policy "goes:" Xizhe, ghost Hou, E Hou. (Weeks) King Wen, Zhou's Excellencies also "... - Sun Miao, "History of the Xia and Shang" Entropy of the Western Zhou Dynasty and patriarchal primogeniture - Wei Qing Yuan editor of "History of China's political system." - "Foreign eight people on historical issues." - Yang W "Western Zhou History." - "Foreign eight people on historical issues." - White Steel editor of "History of the Chinese political system (on)" According to literature, from China to late in the week there have been "cases of cervical," "bulk" and other names. "Book of Songs, Daya board" in the "bulk HON, ... cases of cervical Victoria City", where the word "large" and "cases of cervical" refer to the Zhou elite kinship of the tribe under the jurisdiction and have the right to dispose of people. This indicates that at that time there have been patriarchal. Some scholars believe that the history of the Shang Dynasty in the literature, also found a similar record. Such as 'Tso' the mind of the Shang Dynasty of the weekly "Zongshi" and "sub-clan," may refer to the patriarchal system under the blood groups. But so far the early patriarchal understanding of China, mainly on the Zhou Dynasty. - "Encyclopedia of Chinese history, China Ⅲ" In the patriarchal system of domination, the cases of cervical clan members to protect and help the responsibility of the clan members to support and take orders from the bulk of duty. Only in this way, the bulk and the cases of cervical pillar of the clan organization plays a role, and the "Book of Songs, Daya board", said: "Great BW screen, large HON, Huaideweining, cases of cervical-dimensional city." The lesser line of the bulk play a supporting role, so "Zuo Xianggong fourteen years", said: "Therefore the Son of Heaven with the public, all Houyou Qing, Qing home side room, the doctor there were II, who have friends ... to phase his assistant, also. " - Yang W "Western Zhou History." Patriarchal system based on slavery big family, Zhou Wang, and slavery at all levels of the nobility are the patriarch of a large family, large family, each of slavery common surnames, the immediate common ancestor, a common ancestral, common grave, there is obligation to protect each other ... ... - Mao-with the "history of ancient Officials History" Western Zhou feudal system Feudal system in ancient China, the former called "feudalism." But this "feudal" and we used social development known as "medieval" to "feudal" is not a meaning, but "closed princes, to build fan guard" for short. To these two, "feudal" to distinguish, more historians today called "sealed princes, building fan guard system" as "sub-soil Monkey system" or the "feudal system." Western Zhou Dynasty princes are mainly three types of letters: one is the royal family's surname Ji relatives, such as ... Bo Qin Feng Yu Lu, Kang Shu Feng Yu Wei. Another hero, such as Jiangtaigong (Shang) sealed Yu Qi. Another one is stronger in remote areas of the surname clan or tribal leaders, the implementation of Jimi policy. ... Because of the packet system combined with the legal system were all a glimpse of the nobility who are patriarchal, so we call this system of "patriarchal aristocratic feudal system." This system is the primary local administrative system of the Western Zhou Dynasty, is the main state institutions. - "Foreign eight people on historical issues." Zhou Gongdong victory sign after the implementation of large-scale feudal system, both to consolidate and expand the Zhou dynasty rule means, but also the nobility and power of the internal redistribution of property in a way. "Zuo Zhao Gong twenty-eight years' record, said:" King Wu g business, first world, the brothers of the country have five people, surnamed the country forty people. " "Confucian Xunzi effect," said: the Duke of Zhou "and the world system, legislation seventy-one country, surnamed alone 53." Duke of the feudal system, although surnamed aristocracy as the main, but the rule in order to stabilize the overall situation, they can not take care of a different surname nobility, had feudal lords some of the opposite sex. - Yang W "Western Zhou History." The feudal princes weekly in King Wu had already begun when, but large-scale packet is the king and his son into a period of ... ... Kang Kang, the general boundaries of the Zhou dynasty fixed, reduce the chances of packet packet ... but not extinct. Twenty-two years until King Xuan of Zhou (before 806), Xuan Wang Zheng also his brother in the packet of Friends (now Shaanxi Hua County). - "Encyclopedia of Chinese history, China Ⅲ" Zhou destroy business, implementation of the "feudal", the so-called feudal, is closed Hou Jianguo, ripper knighthoods. Feudal princes in the closed country to enjoy hereditary privileges of the emperor a tribute and provide troops Fu, labor service obligations, responsible for the fan guard the royal family. - Wei Qing Yuan editor of "History of China's political system." Patriarchal system interacts with the packet. Zhou Yin off after, the majority of land and a large number of slaves. In order to strengthen the control of the majority of the conquered regions, the Western Zhou Dynasty to the children, surname and relatives each packet to the national strategic importance. After ... ... Zhougong Dong Zheng, and "feudal clan screen relative to week," the week of royal children, such as "Man of Zhao", "arms of the Mu," "Duke of Yin" packet over the country. - White Steel editor of "History of the Chinese political system (on)" In the West Zhou Dingsheng period, the king of princes week with great authority. The princes of the seal to regularly appear before the country Zhou Wang, report on their domestic situation, listen to the king and his assistant, Zhou instructions; such as temporary major accident, to promptly report to the King of Zhou. They must also contribute to the Feng Zhou Wang Zhou Wang's products and what they need. They also have the obligation to defend the royal family, including King Zhou to provide combat troops. If they do not fulfill their obligations or beyond the privileges conferred upon them by King Zhou, Zhou Wang can withdraw or reduce their Peerage, change their fiefdoms, can be abolished and a separate monarch, or even exterminate them. - Mao-with the "history of ancient Officials History" 2 text comments Shang era Shang's rise and fall based on the books in October 2000 released "Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project 1996-2000 phase of the report" was established in 1600 BC, destroyed in 1046 BC, that King Wu of the year off business . Business 王盘庚 Pangeng the name of the king as one of history. Pan Geng moved to Yin, the former general as a business front, after the business later moved to Yin. According to Xia Shang Zhou Chronology Project results chronology, Pan Geng moved the capital to be in 1300 BC. Textbook pass bit Pangeng described to his brother, "Historical Records of Yin Ji" recorded, said: "Emperor Pangeng collapse, brother Xiao Xin Li, for the Emperor Emperor Xiao Xin Xiao Xin ... ... collapse, brother established a small B , is small for the emperor B. B collapse of small business, child Emperor Wu Dingli. " This is four generations of the king, there is the Elder brother and two generations, only Wuding father and son each other. Zhou Wang Zicheng parent bit The last king of Shang Zhou is the parent Wangdi Yi minority carriers. "Historical Records of Yin Ji" contains: "Confucius said micro child Kai Di Yi Long, Kai home base, shall not be heir. Minority carrier Xin, Xin mother is, the Sim as heir. Diyi collapse, sub-Xin Li, for the Di Xin, the emperor that of Zhou. " Di Xin Zhou is, it seems that when the royal family has been quite say Dishu business, micro-sub-Kai is the eldest son, not out by Shu Li, Zhou born after a positive, though not the eldest son, but they can inherit the throne. Duke Duke is a famous politician Western Zhou Dynasty, Zhou prince, the younger brother of King Wu. Fief in the week because of the closure (now Shaanxi Baoji Northeast), so called Duke. He served as King Wu of Zhou's main assistant in the business of destruction done a great cutting Zhou. King Wu's death, "King Wu Wen world collapse and betrayal," King Wu of Zhou Gongli distress in young children recite the Zhou king. Clan Guan Shu and Cai Shu, descendants of Huo Shu Wu Geng business collusion rebellion. After three years of the Duke of Zhou Cheng Wang assisted, put down the rebellion, and again feats. Duke of Zhou Wu Wang to and following the weekly packet princes, the second largest packet, according to Xunzi records "Li seventy-one country", which surnamed royal accounts 53. Surname Jiang Ji Xing and Zhou dynasty rule into account the important areas to consolidate the rule of the Zhou Dynasty. Later, the Duke and construction are Luoyi East (Henan Luoyang), further control of the East. He asked the king to become new capital Sidian began reign. Very highly of Duke history books, "Book of mass communications", said: "Zhougong She governance, a year to save the chaos, two grams of Yin, three practice Om (Om for the East and Wu Geng tribal rebellion total), four years to build Hou Wei (referring to packet), five years into a week of camp (both East), six-year ritual music for seven years caused by government into a king. " Areas controlled by the Western Zhou Dynasty Strong control of the Western Zhou Dynasty, when the area has far exceeded the Shang Dynasty. "Zuo Zhao Gong nine" drawing was Zhoudaifu Zhan Huan Bo as saying: "I'm from summer to Hou Ji, Wei, tired, Rui, Qi, Bi, I also western soil. And King Wu grams of providers, regardless of Pu, business, suddenly, I East Tonari; Pakistan, Pu, Chu, Tang, I also Southern soil; Sushen, Yan, Bo, I also North land. " Scholars believe that the archaeological record and the geographical distribution prove consistency. Western Zhou controlled area should be the west today in eastern Gansu, east beach, north of Liaoning, South Yangtze River, is the greatest dynasty of three generations in the territory. Chu, Wu and Yue have kings Chu, Wu and Yue in the Spring and Autumn period has kings. Chu was the first bear through from the beginning of 740 BC, King Wu said, 585 years BC, Wu Wangshou dream was succeeded by kings, 496 years BC, Goujian kings, one that often allowed his father when the first king. Tripod Ding of the original cooking for people, as early as 7,000 years ago appeared on the primitive society of China Tao Ding. Ding was differentiated from the vessel out of everyday life, to become the most important ritual ritual. Tripod-shaped earliest round belly, won at the end, three-legged. Later, the evolution of pottery tripod tripod, but also by a device like a round belly full development of the vertebral column side tripod foot, flat foot tripod several, popular in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Si Mu Wu Ding Shang, Western Zhou Dayu Ding, Mao Gongding for typical appliances. Si Mu Wu Ding Shang has become a symbol of power weighing equipment. Western Zhou Shiding to become feudal hierarchy and, were an important symbol of the rule of law. According to the "Spring and Autumn Gongyangzhuan Huan years" contains: "Jiuding the emperor, Zhu Hou Qiding, Bureaucrats five Ding, who Sanding." Ding has a number of how many, as a sign of low grade. Ancient myths and legends, ZD Yu is the founder. According to legend, cast Jiuding Yu, to symbolize the Kyushu. "Han Zhi Jiao Si", said: "Yu received nine animal husbandry of gold, cast Jiuding. Hirth bad, Yin Ding moved on; Yin Tak bad, Ding moved in weeks." King Wu of commercial off, it will have Chaoge Jiuding moved from Yin Luo Yi. Spring and Autumn Period Chu Wangjiang large dominate the Central Plains, not only claiming to be king, but also coveted symbol of the emperor of power Jiuding, Fang Chu aspirations of the story. Warring States Dynasty, 256 BC, the Western Zhou state demise Jiuding moved by the Qin Luo Yi, but the transport on the way missing, become eternal mystery. 3 academic point of view ① Xia has entered slave society? This question has long caused controversy in China's academic circles, and some is just a legend that the Xia dynasty era, there is no archaeological evidence and ancient text; some scholars believe that the Xia Dynasty is the first slave dynasty in China, not only recorded history, And there are many archaeological data empirical. Henan Yanshi Erlitou site in recent years, the discovery of artifacts, most experts tend to make historians indeed Xia dynasty, China's first view of slavery. For example: Bai Yi editor of "History of China in ancient times (on)" that: "According to literature, it seems, we agree with the Xia Dynasty in the primitive society to slave society during the transition point, which is China's ancient history is an important turning point." "About Yu Chuanqi legend, recorded in the literature is very inconsistent, but have one thing in common, that is, 'public world' to 'home world' changes. " Zhang Qizhi editor of "China's Qin volume history" that: "Xia Dynasty (before 2070 - before 1600) is the first dynasty in Chinese history, until self-Yu Jie Chuan Jun 17, 14 world, a total of forty-five years. Xia's central region in western Henan, southern Shanxi, the coasts' East Jiang, Ji north west of the river, south of Huai 'here refers to the gap that the river water, water ... ... ... ... Ji Ji refers to refers to this river in Shaanxi, Shanxi and Henan provinces between the Yellow River; the Huai Huai . It can be seen, Xia territory roughly east Yudong plain, west Mountain, north of the water economy, South Huaihe River. " "Erlitou period if there is a word not entirely sure, but there have been bronze, including Jazz, Ge, arrowheads ... and found the bronze crucible, Tao Fan, copper slag, through the determination of the unearthed bronze Jue is tin bronze, which is to determine the Erlitou culture of early Chinese bronze. ... Erlitou site also found an area of 10,000 square meters of large-scale palace ruins ... ... different shapes, funeral ceremony and burial tombs of the existence of instructions Erlitou period the aristocracy of the opposition has been very clear. Erlitou researchers agree that culture is the main target of the summer ... ... Yanshi Erlitou site that is Xiadu Yang City. " "Eight questions about foreign history," in Zhang Chuan-Xi in the "characteristics of the country's history of ancient China," an article that: "Yu throne, the further development of society, the class has been formed, composed of national political and military elements have been met, the country name 'Summer', Yu is the 'summer's' (Xia Dynasty), the first generation of the King." White steel editor of "History of the Chinese political system (I)" also said: "About 21 century BC, established the Xia Dynasty, is the first in our history of slavery national. Since then, until now, four thousand years, China's political system, in turn appeared to Slavery political system, feudal political system, semifeudal and semicolonial political system, people's democratic system, political system and other four forms ... from the 21th century BC to 476 BC, the Xia, Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty, Spring and Autumn Period, the implementation of The political system of slavery. " "Encyclopedia of Chinese history, China Ⅲ" contains: "Xia Zhongguo the first dynasty of ancient, according to ancient literature and legend, with the primitive clan society organizations, China gradually disintegrated, and live in the Central Plains region of the Yellow River summer tribes, through alliances with other tribes around the form, first established the first generation dynasty in Chinese history, known as summer. " ② "home world" is from Yu Kai or start? On our "home world" and "hereditary" system or whether it is from the Yu Kai started from the problem, scholars have been controversial. Ren Liping asked: "Xia Yu Jianli to start from the throne during this period, or 'public world' it? Yu has been established since the Xia Dynasty, it means that Yu has been initially established when the state machinery to slavery repression against civilians, slaves and, therefore, Xia Yu Jianli marks the 'home world' situation there, while Yu's death, his son Kai to the throne, only instead of marking the demise throne hereditary system. " Zhang Qizhi editor of "China's Qin volume history" in the statement: "Yu came to the throne, founding Harcourt, Xia Dynasty in Chinese history there. ... Yu came to the throne is known as 'emperor', actually is still a tribal coalition military leaders, and not the state came to the throne of kings ... ... XIA Qi destroyed the military head of the meeting by the tribal chiefs were elected coalition of the 'demise' system, the principle of succession by the elected leader of post election into a child, do the will of the tribal chiefs meeting coalition military leaders began to change into the country's king, XIA Qi came to the throne is a mark of Chinese state formation epoch-making event. " Ancient sky "talk about the" demise "system to the" hereditary "transition problem", said: "Yu as the founder of the Xia Dynasty, it was because of the summer regime already has a basic function of state power, but this countries only in the embryonic stage, many systems still complete, Yu is not real kings, only when the system start to establish a hereditary, the Xia dynasty really built up ";" Yu the throne passed to either or Boyi directly to the start, he is successful in the history of China to cultivate the family influence, family influence dominated the state power to the first person from this perspective, 'the demise of the system' to the 'hereditary' transition, or the 'public world' to the 'home world' transition is originated in the completion of the Kai Yu. ... He was a transitional figure, we can only say that his efforts to promote the 'public world' to 'home world' changes, and he's such a hard , finally inherited the throne of his son Kai won the moment. " ③ critics of the Zhou Dynasty Western Zhou feudal feudal patriarchal system and the different arguments. Western Zhou Dynasty Western Zhou feudal commentators patriarchal feudal system and have their different interpretations. "China's ancient history stage to discuss five decades," a book cited on the Western Zhou feudal point of view, said: "Most of the Western Zhou Dynasty Western Zhou feudal commentators regarded the feudal system as the China's feudal lords formed an important symbol, for example , Fan Wenlan that the Western Zhou Dynasty's' emperor, princes, from the feudal fief in the main have _set_ up their own power, to form a complete _set_ of system of governance '. WISE business after the week off gradually in the _select_ion and create a' feudal princes in Ping Fan Zhou room ', were awarded grade and a full _set_ of methods Lu Tian system, generally known as the' feudal system 'beam Cheng world that not only sealed packet thanks to the Western Zhou Dynasty fief, also appointed local officials, this is the system of fief development and lords Zhaoduan. " "Western Zhou feudal commentators generally agree that the patriarchal and feudal system has a close relationship, even as China's feudal patriarchal clan system features. Fan Wenlan, said Zhou feudal patriarchal clan system is the most important of the superstructure, and patriarchal The basic spirit of the system is to metropolitan center, according to the descent of the distance equal to the difference between the affinities, which provides a level of no change in the system. Such a system is in the ruling class and ruling class are in existence, its noble lords is a strengthening of the rule of force, the farmer is also an organizational strength. WISE that the Western Zhou feudal system and the different characteristics of medieval Europe, it is reflected in the consolidation of the patriarchal despotism organization. more straight to children's books industry in the Western Zhou Dynasty the feudal system, known as 'patriarchal feudal system' ... because it is the 'patriarchal' system to expand the political system, and be closely linked with the feudal system, constitutes a patriarchal feudal society. " 4 drawing shows Imperial Ancestral Temple Department of the Ming and Qing Imperial Ancestral Chart of the text when the Imperial Ancestral Temple, east of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, now for the Beijing Working People's Cultural Palace. Original built in the Ming Yongle Chengzu eighteen years (1420), after Jiajing, Wanli and Shunzhi, Qianlong rebuilt several times. The main hall and the construction of three wind-room, temples are yellow glazed tile roof, magnificent; front hall surrounded by carved stone fence, majestic and impressive. After the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1924, turned into a Peace Park, Palace of Culture in 1950 to working people. Like Yu Duke of Zhou Cheng Wang assisted Figure This is a Han Dynasty stone, found in the Song Shan No. 1 Shandong Jiaxiang stone shrine. This is a type of stone shrine, a smaller scale. This figure is seen as a small shrine in the West murals, frescoes, like the West as the only piece of the Duke of Zhou, Wang Fu and the other a historical story of Confucius two paintings I see. Picture of the middle seat for the young Zhou Wang, a Duke assistant next to the theme of the king asked his ministers as his assistant on to become loyal to the king as Duke. Should Houshitonggui
Shang