Bachelor Merry Yingzhou far, the mid-Tang Tang Zhen Guan ashamed. Supplements late Lingwu Roam, Kaiyuan dedicated to old Yang Kuang. Shao Fei Lun to be non-opera, do not guess the amount of ants trying to shake the tree. Lai-yuan and the Korean eighth, Lin was sent to ride a total of flying.
This is a preparatory period of prosperity Tang important poets known as the "Four Heroes," the Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, LUO, in addition to ang, Shen Quan of the Song of the question and so on. Poetry in Early Tang Dynasty is still developing along the inertia of the Southern Poetry, soft delicate extravagant, no anger. "Four," The emergence of this trend began to change. They Caiqihengyi, discontent, expressing their anger through their own poems to express feelings of injustice and heroic embrace and broaden the poetry theme. Yang Jiong, such as the "comfort line": Zhao Xijing flames, hearts from injustice. Que Feng Zhang resigned teeth, cavalry around the Dragon. Flag painted dark carved snow, wind and more complex drum. Ning for the hundreds, and win as a scholar. This boosting bold style, the early Tang dynasty poetry began an effort to fresh air. The performance of the young people eager for the poem, like Toubicongrong, desire to make contributions to the border. Rather try to become junior officers (the centurion), also do not want to die of old age as a scholar under the window. Following the "Four" the sky is the ang, he theoretically weak since the Southern poetry criticism that these poems dedicated to play rhetoric, content empty, abandoned the "Book of Songs" pay attention to ideological tradition. Which he dedicated in the heart, promote the learning of "Han character" to restore Jian era poetry. His 38 "flu case," the idea of poetic practice their significant influence. His "board Youzhou Taiwan Song": "no man has gone before and after but not to persons; concept of heaven and earth long, sad but Tixia alone." Vast desolation, sadness and without injury, is considered to be Poems in farewell. Han Yu said: "Guo Chao Sheng article Ziang high dance before," he appraised the important role the development of Tang. Shen Quan period, the contribution of the Song of the question, mainly in terms of metrical poetry. They concluded that the "Sun Life Style" since the poets explore the results of metrical poetry to their own poems, to promote "Modern Style" final shape. Appreciation of Tang, the first of the "Modern Style" and "ancient poetry" in that there is a brief to understand and master their individual characteristics, are better able to appreciate its beauty. Modern Style, also known as this poetry ("near" and "today" are for the purposes of the Tang Dynasty), the strict metrical stress. Recent poems have four basic requirements: First sentence, word, there are provisions; second, Rhymes and rhyming required; third is on the part of the sentence against the words and the phase between the requirements of ze stick; Fourth, the provisions of certain sentences parallelism between the words to that term on the nouns, verbs for verbs, adjectives, adjectives and so on. Recent poems divided into two categories: (1) Poems, composed by the eight, five words of the verses, said Wu Yan, seven words is called Seven Poems. (2) quatrains, formed by the four or five words of the Five-character quatrains, said the seven words is called Seven quatrains. Now we are an example. If you are familiar with Wang Zhihuan of the "Deng Guanquelou": Sun mountain, the Yellow River into the sea. For a grander sight, a higher level. This is the Five-character quatrains, it must be four of 20 characters. Second, it must follow to elect a rhyme word rhyme for rhyme ①, the poem's "flow", "F" word in the case of the "Eleventh particular" rhyme. Again, it must be in line with the provisions of the word ze format, so read between the circumflex only wrong, harmonious sounds. Ze poem format is: Ze ze ping, ping ping ze ze ping. Ze ping ping ze ze, ze ze ze flat. Word can be marked out with a flat to Chek, the rest of the word can not be flexible. Level - refers to the ancient Chinese characters in the level tone; Chek - refers to the ancient Chinese in the rising tone, falling tone, entering characters. Said by modern Chinese, IA (first tone), Hinata (second tone) is a flat character; rising tone (third tone), falling tone (fourth tone) is ze word. Quatrains can antithesis between poetry supposing, you can not antithesis. This is the first quatrains, the first full parallelism, the latter two "For the poor" to "more on", "thousand miles" to "layer", "eye" on the "floor." We give "Deng Guanquelou" this poem to illustrate the basic rhyme poems in recent requirements, in addition there are three quatrains ze Format Wu Yan, a total of four formats. Seven quatrains, Wu Yan Poems, Seven Poems also have four kinds of ze format. Poetry on the near ze Format, only give the example to make some tips, not described in detail. If you do not want to create such poems, but appreciation of previous works, then the requirements on the metrical knew some rough is nothing wrong. Seven quatrains, we give Haoran the "send Du-fourth of the southern" point of view: Jing Wu phase water village, Mang Jun Jiang Zhengmiao last spring. Sun_set_ park where a boat? Horizon of a monopoly of people intestine. Bid farewell to his friends expressed the feelings of wistful nostalgia when you travel. The poem is four, 28 words, charge is "seven Yang" rhyme, ze by the rules. Parallelism is not allowed because of quatrains, the poem is no antithesis. Five-character verses, we see Dai Shulun the "stone than overnight relay": Hotel Who-phase question? Cold light alone amiable. Will make the night a year, thousands of miles who did not return. Sparse before the sad thing, fragmented laugh this body. Yan and the decline coming from the worry, tomorrow and in Spring. This is the eve of independence places far away from home at night feeling Inner Challenge Misfortune own poems. The poem eight, 40 words, charge the "Eleventh true" rhyme, ze co-rule. Poems of the twelve said, "First Union", thirty-four called "jaw joint," fifty-six called "neck joint", seventy-eight referred to as "the end of United." Poems of the jaw joint and the neck joint to be antithesis. If that is the first of the jaw joint, "one year" to "Miles", "will do" to "not go", "Night" to "person"; neck joint "sparse" to "fragmented", "sad" to "laugh", " before the matter "to" this body. " Seven Poems, we look at Liu's "Do not my brother number one": Sparse residual times dejected soul, do not tear down the more waterfront double. One out of the country six thousand miles, million die cast shortage years. Gui Ling cloud like malaria to the ink, Dongting Lake in the spring to make the water of the universe. For Acacia dream since long in Jingmen Ying tree smoke. This is Liu was demoted to the wild Liuzhou, bid farewell to a cousin of Liu were to write poetry when Gangneung, emotional, extremely sad tragedy. The poem eight, 56 words, using "a first" rhyme, ze co-rule, jaw joint and neck joint antithesis neat. Seven Poems Rhyming first over one, but also do not rhyme, Rhyme this song. Poems There is also an "Extended Form" (extended), that is extended to 10 or more verses or even one hundred, except the first, last two to the outside, in the middle of all the sentences with the sentences will all be antithesis. Extended Form usually Wu Yan. The style of Tang Dynasty poetry, has been available in the Early period, to the Tang Dynasty poetry appeared in the peak.
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Tang poetry
To the 8th century, Tang dynasty there called "New Century Golden Age", economic and cultural development to the peak. Poetry also appeared a large number of areas of outstanding poets, poetry writing exceptionally rich content. Description of pastoral poetry and landscape in which Frontier significant proportion of war poetry, Li Bai, Du Fu also appeared at this time. The following briefly describes each. Pastoral Landscape Poetry The most famous of these most important poems of Wang Wei. Wang, Morocco's long word, the official Book of Youcheng, called him the king Youcheng habits. His ideological influence by Buddhism, tired of bureaucratic life, long-term seclusion in the rim web〕 〔wǎng River Villas, love nature, familiar with rural areas, and poetry written in tranquil environment with a static beauty. Such as "Wei Kawada home": Market oblique light falls, poor Lane cattle return. Noe read the boy, leaning stick waiting Jing Fei. Zhi Gou wheat seedling show thin mulberry silkworm sleep. Tian Fu He hoe to, meet Yiyi language. That is the envy of idleness, a sense of loss Yin "decline." Poet with a par Haoran Wang, Xiangyang origin (in this Hubei Province), often referred to as Bangladesh Xiangyang, said he had met by chance in the ling Emperor government offices. Know the name of his poems reign, ordered him to recite poems. He read the "Suimu return Hills", including "Bucai out the main abandoned" (my lack of talent, so I do not have Holy Spirit monarch) one, big happy reign hearing, said: "You do not ask an officer, not I will not let you officer, how can you blame me! "Later, he did not test Scholars were admitted, there is no formal official, long-term roaming and seclusion, the landscape is famous poems. His "off the enemy village," the most widely circulated poem: The enemy with chicken millet, invited me to Tian. Tree-edge of the village together, Aoyama Guo oblique. Hsuan Chang Pu open face, if Sangma wine. Double Ninth Day until the time also came to chrysanthemum. Old chickens to cook, invite him to the village and guests. Closer look, surrounded by lush green trees straitly village; afar, to the distant green hills somewhere. Xuan windows open, you can see the grain piled green yard and garden; holding glasses happily chatted about the growing and harvesting Sangma. In this natural picture with friends drinking wine, eat food, hearty laughing, which is how happy and comfortable! Drink, friends are still reluctant, agreed Double Ninth Festival again gather to swill wine, drunk daisy tours. Chu Guangxi is also a frustrated hermit, his "Anglers," wrote the seclusion of interest: Green Bay fishing spring, spring deep apricot chaos. Shallow lake clear suspect, the Netherlands Activity know that the fish scattered. Higurashi be lover, Victoria boat Willow shore. Shade Bitian, flower float, the Cheongdam bottom, the Netherlands, moving, fish powder, fish, fisherman meaning is not alone this beautiful scenery is best enjoyed. Department of sun_set_ fishing boat strike, waiting in the Willow Grass friend (lover) to each other, such a carefree life, not to mean god it? Fact that their lives will not be without problems and worries, But poetry aside temporarily when it caught a beautiful scene and mood, enjoy playing and rendering, the poet met the creative desire, but also to readers of beauty, which is called poetry.
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Frontier War Poetry
Foreign war in the Tang Dynasty, many scholars involved in, on the frontier and military life first-hand experience, Congrong not vote pen, writing poetry depicting desolate frontier landscape, the spirit of praising the valor of the soldiers, or the curse of the disaster caused by the war Thus a Frontier Fortress. Poet Cen Shen's "go Machuan line promotions apprenticeship expedition" representative: Do not you see: the snow line to go Machuan beach Pincha vast yellow into the sky. Taiwan, the night the wind roared round in September, River stone as big as a bucket, with the wind to go over the floor rock chaos. Hun yellow grass horse is fat, gold Shanxi see smoke fly. West apprenticeship general Han family, generals, Full Metal Jacket off at night, Ge phase dial midnight march, thunder like a knife cutting surface, such as. Horse hair with snow sweat steaming, streaky with the money for the ice screw. Tent Cao Xi Yan hydrogel, Lu Qi bile deterrence should be heard. Expected to know not take short soldiers, Xian Jie car division Simon queue! Looking flames climbing the day, evening horses near the cross-river. Pedestrian Diaodou dark sand, Princess pipa Resentment more. Camping Miles no castle, rain and snow have even the desert. Hu Yan whine every night to fly, both Hu child tears down. Wen Road Yumen still masked, by light rail vehicles should be life. Shortage of bone buried in mid-battle, the space see Syzygium into the house of Han. During the day the military police to board the hilltop lookout war situation, rushed to make the evening Shiyou River (Turpan in Xinjiang, where there is water in this behalf, that non-real) horses to drink. Diaodou is a copper pot, use it for cooking during the day and night to do the Watchman Dageng Extension〕 〔tuò use. Soldiers carrying Diaodou in the pitch darkness of the dust blew hard road, then think of the road from the Han Dynasty King Wu-sun princess marrying the pipa playing along the way, must be full of hidden bitterness. Overnight camping in deserted places, heaven and earth to float filled with snow, and even into the misty distance a piece of desert. Autumn in the calls of geese flying south mournful and sad, unable to bear the warring each other's Hu Bing also cried after this difficult life. I heard the court has passed an order under the closed back, only to follow the vapid life of General (light rail vehicles, General Guan Ming) to die fighting. Yumen masked, that is not allowed back into the Pass, with the "Historical Records Dawan Biography" of the story: Er Shi attack Dawan General Li Guangli lost retreat Dunhuang, request the court retreat, the Han Dynasty, "the furious press so that (to send messengers) cover Yumen, said: There are those who dare to enter the cut Noir! "desperately forward the results, in all likelihood is killed, every year millions of people throw away a foreign land shortage of bone, the only The result is grapes (Syzygium) growing from the Central Plains from the Western Regions, for those who enjoy wealth. Although the poem was something delicate mood, tone, or high aggressive. War is cruel. 714 AD in the Tang and Tubo troops near the castle Lintao long had a war, killing tens of thousands by the Tibetan people. Wang Changling "plug next song," wrote the war: Madu Qiu drinking water, water, wind Sidao. Pincha day is not no, Anan see Lintao. Great old war, salty words emotional high. Heritage dust bowl foot, bones chaos basil. Years after the war, the battlefield is still bleak, long the yellow dust, messy humilis, which abandoned the bones scattered, never to be forgotten. No matter which side of the deceased, their family and I are miserable tragedy. There Wang Changling "Frontier", exposes the suffering caused by the war, hoping good will defend the motherland. May Han Guan Qin Shiming, Long March who did not return. However, the Dragon will fly, Hu Yin Ma degrees do not teach.
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Li Bai's poems
Li Bai (AD 701-762), the word Bai, No. Qinglian lay. Tang's most distinguished poets, Qu Yuan is also following the literary history of the great Romantic poet after another, known as "Shixian," said. He has experienced ups and downs, complex thinking, is both a gifted poet, both Ranger, Assassin, Hermit, the Taoist, strategists and others temperament. Confucianism, Taoism and the Ranger three ideas are embodied in him. "Mission accomplished" is the dominant guiding principle of his life. Bai, native of Longxi (now Gansu), their ancestors had tale of exile, about the age of five moved to Sichuan Cosmos Li Bai (now Jiangyou County), and in this through adolescence. Li Bai's family was wealthy, young man, well-read hundreds of books, showing the extraordinary literary talent. At the same time good friends, by friends and social impact, hi talk about Immortals, longing chivalric, generous of ambition, character uninhibited uninhibited. 25 years old to leave home, roaming the Yangtze River, Yellow River north and south, make celebrities to poetry to obtain a high social prestige. Tempo first year (AD 742), from friends recommend, Emperor summoned him, he was appointed Imperial Official Titles, doing the emperor's attendants scholars, ranking Chang for almost three years on the court and nobility that he had direct knowledge of the community. Quan Chen excluded because, in Tianbao three years (AD 745) to leave Changan, and begin again roaming life. In Luoyang, he was 11 years younger than him and Du Fu met, forged life-long friendship. Rebellion began, he was 55 years old, is Xuancheng (in this Anhui). In the Rebellion, he With love to serve the country, should never Wang Li Lin was invited to work into their shogunate; after the elimination of Li Lin was tsung Li Heng, Li Bai were exiled Yelang (in this Guizhou), and go half-way Yushe, living in Nanking (now Nanjing), and Xuancheng, the Baoying first year (AD 762) died in Dang (in this Anhui), at age 62. After more than nine people leave Li Bai poem. These sparkling poems, showing the mentality of his life, is the social reality and the spirit of the Tang Dynasty art of portrayal of aspects of life. Li Bai cherish lofty aspirations all his life, he made no secret of expression of fame career for himself. "Liang Fu Yin", "read the book Zhuge Wuhou Biography pregnant," "love gift book Tsai Scheeren male" and other poems, which are vivid descriptions of the story unfolds. Li Bai on the preferences of injustice since childhood and wrote a lot of Ranger's poem, "knight-line" is such a poetic masterpiece. 3 years experience in Chang's political life, the creation of Li Bai had a profound impact. His political ideals and the reality of darkness, there were sharp contradictions, ignore the deposition of the unspeakable pain and anger. Anger out of good poetry, so, they wrote "the difficulties in traveling," "archaic," "A king has conceived twelve cold night drinking alone," Yang nostalgia and a series of people, Zhuang Si Yu Fei; from sad personal life, Chouhuai difficult removal famous poems. Li Bai lived most of his life wandering life, traveled the country many famous mountains and rivers, and wrote a lot of beautiful mountains and rivers of the beautiful country of praise poems to express his passion for the kind of freedom, the liberation of the feelings of longing. In this type of poetry, the odd dangerous mountains and uninhibited with his rebellious character was a perfect fit. The Poetry of Li Bai's poetic works in no small amount of possession, was passed down from generation to generation by which "Yin Tian Mu sleepwalking do to stay" is the most prominent representative. Poets dripping sway, ecstatic poetry pen, stretch freely enjoy the wings of imagination, writing a spiritual adventure and the pursuit of all, to depression, thwarted soul in a dream a real liberation. And that "powerful security Nengcui eyebrows bow down things that I not happy Yan!" The poem, but to a proud and accentuates the poet, as descendants of a large study Libai Wei important basis of personality. Li Bai as a patriotic, caring people, not forgetting the reality of the great poet, but also very concerned about this important issue of war. Soldiers to defend the frontier of enthusiastic praise (eg "plug the next song"), is given to the relentless warmongering rulers whips (such as "War South," "Ding is protecting Song", etc.). Yue Li Bai had written many poems, describing the hard life of workers to express their concern and sympathy (such as "Ezra," "Midnight Miss Song", etc.). Li Bai's poems often the imagination, exaggeration, metaphor, personification integrated use of such means, resulting EXTRAORDINARY SPLENDOUR magical, magnificent and moving the mood, this is Li Bai's poems gives a bold and imaginative romantic, elegant charm if the reason cents. The language of his poem, as he said, "Natural beauty carving", clear, lively and meaningful. Li Bai's poems on the offspring had a very profound impact. Han Yu Tang, Meng Jiao, Li, Song Su Shi, Lu, Xin, Ming and Qing Qi, Shen, Gong Zizhen and other famous poets, Li Bai poems are subject to great influence. Li Bai's life-long fantasy ambitions, do something by Tianwei big business. This can be seen everywhere in his poems. In the "on Li Yong," a poem, said: Dapeng with the wind, moved nine miles. Jialing when the wind breaks down, it can still toss Cang sea water. Special people to see me constant adjustment, see more than big words are sneer. Declared the father can still fear young man, husband, young yet to know light. He "Zhuangzi" stirring days that I talked about the sea since the ratio of the Mirs, the political order of their confidence by the people of the world laugh, but also to Confucius (declared Father) "Houshengkewei" words to defend themselves. Poets are politically naive, he may not have the actual ability of politicians, and his "big words" were not surprising sneer. But as a poet, he was a day of it vertical, is a travel day of the sea Mirs. His life as a poet, political inaction, in his own view is unfortunate, but to Chinese literature, it becomes a great fortune. The absence of Li Bai of Tang, it would remove a building with beautiful pillars, that is great pity it. A considerable number of poems of Li Bai is exposed and criticized social injustice, such as "archaic fifty-nine" one of the first: Cart Yang dust, Ting Wu dark terraced rice paddies. In the more expensive gold, Lian open Jiazhai. Road every cock who HE Hui He canopy cover. Breath of dry rainbow〕 〔ní Ni, pedestrians are Chuti. Weng ears and washing the world, who knows Yao and plantar. Last war, Sang dry source; This war, onion river. Article soldiers supporting the sea waves wash, put the horse Tianshan snow grass. Thousands of miles long war, and armed forces to make aging. Huns to kill as farming, but see the bones of the dead since ancient times, Sha Tin Wong. Qin Hu Department prepared fortification, there are flames burning the house of Han. Burning flames of endless, no expedition has time. Field fighting death, lost to the days of Ma Ming No. sad. Iris Wu Yuan〕 〔yuān pecking human intestinal, deadwood hanging fly title. Shizu Tu wilderness, the generals Seoul is empty. I realized that soldiers who are weapons, Saints used a last resort! Li Bai's poems depicted the motherland a lot of great rivers and mountains, mostly masterpiece. Wang Wei of these poems with him, Meng different poetic style, if Wang Wei, Meng landscape poetry is Meticulous attention to detail, the landscape poems of Li Bai is a large flying freehand moving your masterpiece. His portrayal of the plants and trees are often not made, but the charm of nature from the macro intake. Yangtze River, cliff cliffs〕 〔chán cicadas, Miles situation, secluded stone old trees, one to his pen immediately flew up, get rid of for him to create a fabulous and good luck with in the world. Such as "Ballad Send Lushi Yu Lushan virtual boat" Lushan scenery write: Jinque long before the opening two peaks, the Galaxy upside down three stone beams. Incense falls away the sea, back to the gray cliff Da Ling peaks. Tsui Ying Ying Asahi Hongxia, Wu, birds not long. Spectacular climb between heaven and earth, the vast river to it back. Huang Wanli moving wind color, snow white wave nine streams. This is such a great spirit! Li Bai's mind can only hold such a momentum, only Li Bai's Magic Pen to write this momentum. Another example is the famous "Quiet Night" in the paragraph: Long back at six on a high standard, Off under the impulse of waves against the back of Sichuan. The flight was not too Huang, Scratch monkey ape〕 〔náo For degrees worry climbing. Qingni any disk drive, Ying Yan Jiu Zhe Luan hundred paces. Yang Li wells palpable threat participation rate, Ying to hand on to sit deep sigh. Journey to the West when I ask also, Perilous crags can not climb. No birds but see sad old trees, Xiongfei female from around the forest. Also heard cuckoo sings, Desolate Night Moon Hill. Quiet Night of the difficult Impossible for the county, People listen to this withered brow! Zhao Yi Qing Dynasty poet Li Bai, Poetry Review, said: "Poetry is not and the Department, care Exceeding soul, floating in the air come away suddenly, not Xiexie sentence cut at the Eagle chapter, nor weary in the deep-seated engrave the heart, its own ideas are not Le custodial trend. "(" Oubei "Volume I) This passage summarizes the artistic style of Li Bai's poems. Qu Yuan, Li Bai consciously inherited the spirit of Romantic poetry since, combined with his talent and hard work to create a unique style of Li Bai. His poetry, the first is characterized by intense passion. He was pure in heart, open mind, hate love is clear, excited, wine Qing Song, sky and laughing; indignant when "whack broken Yellow Crane Tower," "down but Parrot Island" ("river summer gifts Weinan Ling ice"), Geku Xiao Ma, nothing evasive. The second characteristic is very rich imagination. The Poetry to such fast power, to as high winds, vertical and horizontal changes, ups and downs, with his lyrical needs, up and down ancient and modern people, astronomy, geography, history, real and illusory myth came to his pen at any time, into the verse, for his services. The third characteristic is often used exaggerated language to express emotions; such as "three white-haired little knowledge", "Yanshan snow as big as I," "one blown down by the wind on the 3rd mountain" like extremely exaggerated verse, which are in his poems Yes. Only in hyperbole, so vivid, extremely accurate language extremely accurate expression of his feelings.
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Du Fu's poems
Li, Du par, but their character and poetry are very different. Unrestrained horse like Li Bai, Du Fu, as Renku load the bullock, each with a style, all valuable. Du Fu's poetry aging and sound, tend to realism. All his poems, a reflection of the intellectual life of an honest Misfortune, but also by the boom and bust period of the Tang Empire a true portrayal of history. Du and was later known as the "Epic", which is the here. Rebellion is the most painful period of Du Fu's life experience is an important part of his written poetry. Poems during this period, although there next travel Leader of personal lament, the poem is more focused on people suffering. AD 756, Tang prime minister room rate of forty or fifty thousand troops in Guanxi Chen Tao Tongan history of fighting the rebels, the command of misconduct, almost annihilated. Du Fu wrote this "sad Chen Tao," a poem: MENG Dong Liang Jiazi ten counties, blood in the water for Chen Tao Ze. Ye Qing Kuang-day sound of no war, and forty thousand volunteers to die the same day. Hu returned bloodbath Arrow Group, the city still singing drinking songs Hu. North cry for all who visit, day and night, more government troops to look. Early winter (MENG Dong) season, a dozen counties from the levy to the good and decent children, after the First World War are sprinkled blood Mizusawa Chen Tao being. Dead silent under the blue sky in the wilderness, and forty thousand soldiers all died within one day. Hu Bing brutal arrowheads on the dripping blood of good people, singing songs that people do not understand the Hu Shangwang drinking binge in the Chang'an Avenue. Chang'an City of the people turned to the direction of Chen Tao tears, day and night looking forward to playing varsity Tang Zhaojun restore the peace back to life. Poet's grief is the people's anger just his call sign for the people. Du Fu in the famous "Three Officials" and "three other" fully reflects the Rebellion caused great suffering to the people. We see one of the "no home do not": Lonely Tempo, the Park House but Artemisia arborescens. I am in the hundred, all things chaotic world. Storage had no message, the deceased was Dust. Because of cheap sub-array fails, return to find the old footpath. See a long line of empty roadway, at thin air miserable desolate. But Fox and raccoon dog, vertical hair angry I cry. Neighborhood where all, or two old widow. Suniao love the sticks, safety speech and poor habitat. Fang Chun hoe alone, but also irrigation furrow sun_set_. Xian Li and me to, so learning the drum call pí leather scabbard 〔〕. Although from the state reserve, nothing to bring in consultants. A recent behavior, eventually turn fans away. Home both Dangjin, distance management is also homogeneous. Wing pain long illness, the mother of five appointed ditch River. I can not force students, the two acids hiss life. Do not no home life, how to steam Lebanon. This is the first person to write the poem "I" is a return of the young peasant soldier. Tempo fourteen years (AD 755) Shih, the general decline in rural areas, rural farmhouse was deserted. The defeated soldiers returning home have seen the face of all Africa, and neighbors who died fleeing away, the old has become a space in the lane, and even the sun is darkened, a miserable atmosphere. The village has become a paradise like the fox, they become masters, put up hair to anger, blame the young people crying disturbed their peace. In the boredom in the beginning of this live hoe farmers, irrigation garden, do farmer's part. But still can not quiet life, Xianli know he came back, they called him to the training. This is when the local soldiers, not the state, turned to look at home, no things are not portable. Shaojue consolation is that, although one person alone, in the local than go away from home I do not know better by now. But another thought, his hometown has nothing, nothing to nostalgia, the same distance, do not care. He thought dead mother for five years, students are not filial child, mother and child have left deep-seated grudge. Life to the extent that no other home can be the people but also how to live it? "Three Officials" and "three other" make people think: Who are the people to get this far? Naturally to those who have caused the corruption. Chang Shih message has not been reached, the Du Fu wrote a poem "from Beijing to Fengxian Yonghuai Five Hundred Words", the highest of the ruling Emperor led the life of luxury Yinmi revealing a sharp, pointed out that their pleasure is built on the basis of cruel exploitation of peasants: "The court divided by the silk-tung, the women out from the cold; castigate their husband's family, the city amass Que tribute." extreme injustice, the poet to write almost the complaint, "while the rich wine and meat smell , Road with frozen; ups and downs right close different, melancholy finds it difficult to state, "the poem. Finally, in this poem, the poet wrote he returned home in Fengxian County, the case: "Getting Started heard wail, son hunger is death." His own children starve to death! Grief he thought of himself as a bureaucrat neither Jiaona taxes, Yebu army to fight, life is full of octyl Shangqie, Naxie the suffering of the civilian population even imagine. Rebellion broke out in the third year, Du Fu wrote the famous poem "North" sign, deeply worried about "heaven and earth with traumata," the unrest situation in the country, described the current situation of the opinion, look forward to National Chung Hsing, patriotic feelings filled the whole poem. Du Fu wrote poems sincere feelings between friends and relatives, but also very moving, such as "gifts Guardian eight persons": Life does not meet each other, moving like in business. Jinxi What else eve of the light candle. Can be when young, all have dark green hair on the temples. Visit to the old half-ghost, exclaimed enthusiastic intestine. How can we know twenty-load, back on the gentleman's Church. Xi Do Jun unmarried, the children suddenly take place. Contend King father's, asked me where. Q & A is not already, drive children Luo wine syrup. Night Rain cut the spring grasses and the new inter-Huang Liang cooking. Difficult to meet the Lord said, in one fell swoop tired ten springs. Origination not drunk ten, a sense of sub-intentional long. Tomorrow, every mountain, the world of two vast. Reference, business is never at the same time this out he did not appear the two stars, friends seldom meet metaphor. In a good night, friend of the poet and the absence of many years gathering intelligence from Syria in the light entertain; youth hurried over time, see each other's temples are gray. Meet the surprise write poetry, children's manners, warm hospitality, drinking fun, last wrote about were the wistful, always revealing a beautiful deep and sincere emotion. Quite a social experience of reading the poem in the elderly, more likely to be moved. Du Fu's Poems the most successful, has always been recognized as a model of Verses. We read his "Autumn Eight Poems" in the first song: Yulu maple trees wither injury, gas Xiaosen Wushan Wu Gorge. Waves and days between Jiang Yong, stuffed ground overcast situation. Cong Ju future of two open tears, boat and a series of hometown heart. Knife feet warm clothing reminders everywhere, Baidicheng anvil high-anxious evening.
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Poetry in the Late
In the late Tang Dynasty, dynasty peak period has passed, but not bad break poetry has appeared in Han Yu, Liu, Zhang Ji, Li He, Bai, Yuan Zhen, Liu Yuxi, Du Mu, yin, Wen, Du Xun, etc. Style different outstanding poet. Their poems from different perspectives reflecting the decline of the Tang Empire in the process of crisis and suffering people, the high artistic achievement, a great impact on future generations. Han Yu's prose everyone, but also a famous poet. He most admired Lee, DU, but not slavishly to imitate them, but to create through their own unique style to explore. Korean poetry is characterized by avoidance and strange customs, and his friend Meng Jiao one is called "Han Meng School of Poetry." His "rocks" is the masterpiece of his poetry: Luo〕 〔luò falling rocks do acts of micro, Bats fly at dusk to the temple. Shengtang sit order Xinyu feet, Banana leaves the size of Gardenia〕 〔zhī son of fertilizer. Monk made a good Buddhist paintings of ancient wall, According to the fire to see rare. I _set_ brush bed rice soup, Lee〕 〔lì of crude enough to eat I'm also hungry. Insects per night must repose, Light into the Qing Fei Ling moonrise. No single road to dawn, Fei compete with poor access to tobacco. Bi Fun brilliant red mountain stream, See you around loose ten are stable. Stream flow stepping stone when barefoot, Stimulated acoustic shock wind clothing. Life is so self-cola, Qibijushu custodial man. Sigh Kazuya my party two or three children, Andhra did not even go to the old? Li is also a famous poet. Impact of his poetry by Han Yu, but the style is different from the Han Yu. The rich poetic imagination, the image of the strange characteristics, speech language magnificent, often written in the subject sinister ghosts, known as the "devil's." He is said to write good poetry, often with a small slave donkey trip, think of a good sentence to quickly write down the tips into a break, the home and then point the dyed articles. His "South Park" is one poem, to express his hidden resentment as a poet: Xunzhangzhaiju old carving insects, Aria Jade bow when the curtain hung. Liao seen in mid-sea, where the article Autumn cry! Han Yang Xiong once stonewalls as "a carved seal worm", is negligible. Here "carving bug" refers to the poetry of the people. Li said that he was a special "Xunzhangzhaiju" force dedicated to fight for the people who write poetry, poetry often all night long, curved like the bow only Lianwai Aria accompany themselves. National attention to martial arts, mid-sea in the Liao (referring to the North) to fight; poetry writing bad person Sa in the autumn had the sorrow and cry. He does not ever really life, the age of 27 will die. The highest achievement in the era of the Tang poet Bai. Bai (AD 772-846) of the word Lotte, half-official, Yuan Zhen par with the friends, known as "meta-white." He advocated "the article together as a book from time to time, as do the song for the Poems" ("Yuan Nine") in poetry for the times that services for the real service. This theory is quite clear progress. He is familiar with and sympathetic to people suffering, his political allegorical poem "New Dynasty" 50 and "Yin Qin in" 10, are the people plead for good works. We read "in the Yin Qin" in a "light fat": Emotional arrogance over the road, pommel horse light dust. Why is by who is the minister claimed. Zhu Fu floating〕 〔fú are doctors, purple ribbon, General noted. Kwame went to the military banquet, cursory to the clouds. Ray〕 〔léi bottle jar overflow nine brew, land and water Luo Bazhen. Breaking〕 〔bāi Dongting fruit orange, cut kuai Tianchi scales. Eaten Heart composure, Jiuhan gas Yi Zhen. South is dry aged, Qu〕 〔qú state who Drainage cannibalism! Tang Dynasty, one of the causes of political corruption is the eunuch authoritarian. This poem is ironic eunuchs. They wear red purple, tall horse riding triumphantly into the army to go to dinner, stop drinking fine wine, eating delicacies, triumphantly, mental excitement, no one else. Poems sudden turn last Bifeng: The drought in southern, Quzhou (now Zhejiang Qu) cannibalism occurred tragedy! Not a word of discussion, ideas are clearly expressed: the original is a bunch of people eating traitor cream of blood! "in Yin Qin", "New Dynasty", the kind of poetry there are many, such as when the provincial governor of Hangzhou Bai wrote, "presented on behalf of all female prostitutes sell pay": Chaos is coming from the cloth towel Peng, Xiao Han Shan own salary step. Qiantang River on one kind of woman, who is the red horse? Yin and Du Mu is the leader in the Late. Du Mu fresh bright and lyrical verses, well known. Good law must yin poetry, often singing allegorical subject to the reality of history. We read him a "Sui Gong": Purple haze Spring lock palace, the intention of seizing the city for the Emperor Wu family. Yuxi not return at edge angle, Jinfan should be to the End of the World. No fireflies today decaying vegetation, Zhonggu Chueiyang a twilight crows. Chen G, if every emperor, not at court after the flowers should be re-ask? "Purple Fountain" is the name of Chang Water (formerly known as Purple Yuan, Li Yuan Tang Gaozu due to avoid the taboo to purple spring), on behalf of that Chang'an. First Union said that Emperor Yang Guang Yu Hsing no longer go back to Chang'an, where only haze shrouded the palace is very lonely; for Yang Guang to the downtown of Yangzhou (Wuhu City) for the capital, where pleasure. In the jaw joint, the author envisaged, if passed down by the emperor is not attributed to Li Yuan, Yu-Xi (legend Li Yuan face is "at Long Point Court", forehead shaped like the sun, is an emperor), that does not perish Sui Dynasty, the Emperor Jin for the dragon boat to sail to the ends of the earth might go to swim, his behavior will not stop the ridiculous luxury. Neck joint that, when the Emperor came out to play at night, so that people collect a lot of fireflies and appreciation for his flying, and even the pile of grass, the fireflies have disappeared today (the ancients as "decaying vegetation of the Fireflies," the scientific term); only Emperor cut willow on the Grand Canal, there are numerous crows Xiang evening noise, like the pay tribute to Destruction. Chen emperor (Chen Shubao) is a dissolute harm the country's emperor, was captured after Emperor Wen Yang Jian, and when the fashion for the Prince of Yang Guang has had contacts. Yang Guang, after the emperor had a dream encounter with the dead emperor Chen, and let the emperor of Chong Fei Chen Lihua dance a lot, "Yushu backyard flowers." Last two sentences of this discussion together: to the nether world after the death of Emperor Chen encountered under the emperor, it should not have song and dance "Yushu backyard flower" thing because he himself left the old emperor Chen, the ashamed. This poem is for corruption in the late Tang Dynasty emperors made. But poetry is only poetry, and no king will be so disillusioned. Look at what the Sui dynasty after the death of fewer Chen Shubao, Yang Guang characters like? As Du Mu in the "Metrical Fu," Lane said, "the Qin and then were too busy mourning sorrow from the descendants of sorrow but not Kam, but also to posterity undone sad future generations. " Tang Dynasty poetry, regardless of its author's many themes of the wide range of art, or for its superb far-reaching effects, it is unprecedented. We should carry this precious heritage and study and absorb their essence, hope one day to re-create a new peak of Chinese poetry.
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Introduction to Poetry
The history of the Tang Dynasty poetry in China's golden age, the body of poetry full maturity. Three hundred years, the poem only men, works of numerous and varied, diverse forms, styles; poetry on the colorful, flowers are blooming. (A) of the Tang Dynasty period - the preparation period Representative writers of this period is the "Four Heroes" - Wang Bo, Yang Jiong, Lu Zhaolin, LUO; In addition, Chen. (B) of the Tang Dynasty - the top of Economic prosperity, national strength, the Tang Dynasty to the peak period of development, broad themes, many schools, a "Frontier Fortress" and "Pastoral Poetry," and so on. The great Romantic poet Li Bai and Du Fu, the great poet of realism, that is, the most outstanding representative of this period. Male as their poems through the ages, for generations the highest in their pen, either Qilu five laws, the five must Qijue, ancient art of Chanting all achieve a very high achievement, as Han Yu said, "Li Du article, flame of lofty long." such as Li Bai's "Yin Tian Mu sleepwalking do to stay", "cursive"; Du Fu's "Three Officials" and "three other" and so on. (C) of the Tang and the late Tang Dynasty - development and maturity In the late Tang Dynasty, the poet their own achievements. But the results of the most outstanding to the number of Bai, he remarked that "the article together as a book from time to time, as do the Poems and Songs for" progress in theoretical proposal and personally participated in the "New Yuefu Movement", Bai's poems intelligible, easy to understand , are very popular, representative of the "Everlasting Regret", "Pipa" and so on. There were famous in the Late: Yingwu, Liu Changqing, Han Yu, Meng Jiao, Liu, Li, yin, Du Mu and so on.
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The number of Tang Dynasty poet
"Full Tang" in the Preface, that the book is "get the first hundred forty-eight thousand nine hundred poems, all two thousand and two hundred people," more than their descendants say. In fact, the number cited by Xuan Ye is not accurate, Takeo Hiraoka Japanese scholars in recent years, made "the poet of the Tang Dynasty," "Tang Dynasty poem" will, "Quan Tang Shi," the authors received, the work is made individually numbered, the conclusion is: The book received a total of poetry forty-nine thousand four hundred and three, one thousand five hundred fifty-five sentence, of a total of two thousand eight hundred and seventy three. This figure is quite reliable.
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Why can unprecedented prosperity Tang
Peasant uprisings in the late Sui big uprising in the former high official in the Sui Dynasty Li Yuan and his sons took the opportunity to revolt. (Shi-min and brother built) Li Shimin distinguished merit; captured Chang'an. 618, Li Yuan emperor in Chang'an, the establishment of the Tang Dynasty. Unprecedented in Chinese history the Tang Dynasty unified powerful empire (territory of about 1,100 million square kilometers). And the world at that time is the most advanced and civilized country! Not only material affluence in the Tang Dingsheng busy period, but also extremely prosperous culture, and poetry in particular, to develop; is a highly sophisticated Chinese poetry in the history of the golden age. According to Quan Tang Shi incomplete statistics, on behalf of the Tang Dynasty, two hundred and eighty nine years, at least had a well-known poets have written more than two thousand three hundred, nearly five thousand poems. This Western Zhou Dynasty to the Northern and Southern Poetry thousand compared with the numbers six or seven years has also left out two to three times! In more than two thousand prestigious poets, especially prominent are there world-class poet Li Bai, Du Fu, Bai, Wang Wei, and other than the famous poet fifty-six unique style of ten, this figure greatly exceeds the Warring States Period to the sum of Northern and Southern poet. Even Lu Xun also said: "I thought all good poetry, to the Tang Dynasty has been done, then if the palm of the non-dug Tathagata 'Monkey King' need not be a hands-on." Of course, this does not mean that no good poetry of the Tang and later; it is then people write poetry, Poetry reading is first necessary. Tang represents the highest achievement of Chinese poetry, no doubt the Chinese and the event in the world literature on strokes! Cultural development is the history of the world's most literary talent of a towering peak. Tang said the reasons for the rise (of course continue to explore in academia) of the more common view is: I; Tang Dynasty addressed in the development of a lot of bondage, in some political changes, economic changes, has made great progress, more importantly, by the 'official family patriarch rope off the political' situation has been completed, so that people life In practice, the liberation of thought greatly to the cultural life in the form of 'poetry' to develop a vision and art of poetry has been 'living water source'. II; the general improvement in the economy, and prosperity to the literature provided the material conditions and a wide range of sources. III; previous literature has accumulated; been a very good inheritance, and therefore to lay a solid foundation of Tang. Tang Dynasty poets in the cultural heritage of our predecessors, and carry forward the possible eclectic, take people long, innovation, and the culture of Chinese poetry to new heights. D; Tang to take the imperial examination system, the examination content alone poems (poems embracing strong), Fu (Wen Cai Yun Zhang), and the emperor also love poetry, (which is very important!) Will inevitably lead to attention to poetry of the 'social climate' thus, improve the social status of the literati. V; is a very important point is; the Tang Dynasty, more liberal politics, especially in the religious and cultural, of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, have advocated; allow foreign religion spread in the country, which for people to broaden their horizons and active thinking to promote the art, the formation of schools of various styles, is a useful factor. Meanwhile, Tang Zhaoguo force strong, confident of their own rulers, and thus virtually no 'literary inquisition', so scholars are large bolder; (for example; Li Bai was slander, which is the 'gift of gold has also just released) by the literati and broad genre poetry, and social issues reflected in the rapid and sharp. (Not a tribute) VI; Tang Dynasty and the border with neighboring ethnic groups is implemented; economic and cultural policies; music, dance, painting, architecture and so to accept the Western Regions, and external influences (Indian, Central Asian countries) of these new things, but also to the poets influenced by the art of spacious well. Early into the development of traditional Tang Dynasty (618 --- 712), Tang Dynasty (713 --- 770) in the Tang Dynasty (771 --- 835) late Tang Dynasty (836 --- 907) A total of four periods. Tang Tang is the pinnacle of prosperity, the great poet Li Bai, Du Fu, etc. over this period to life experiences. Today, on this topic, the focus is from the "poetry" to start examining their own development. This is to compare the process of history in the Tang Dynasty; development, fluctuations, the decline is basically the same.
poetry of the Tang Dynasty Three hundred head