With advantageous place to stick Pirates of the other party often insurance. - "Sui Shu"
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No. 2
Safe; reliable, not an accident Who dares insurance, today, he would come When the father's insurance know
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No. 3
According to the agreed terms or at a given rate, usually by the possible events (such as death, fire, flood, accident Huo disease) by the loss or damage caused to provide compensation to a business, or is this the state of security medical insurance
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No. 4
Safe and reliable Insurance knife seat belt
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No. 5
Military installations (such as mines, missiles, weapons) on a locking device to prevent the escape or stop device firearms in the state of insurance carry on insurance, light weapons
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No. 6
Entrenched advantageous between. "Three Kingdoms Wei Zhi Zheng Hun Biography": "When the wide open down this road, declared Yuen Xin. And the insurance ourselves up, this weakness also." "History of the Sui Yuan Liu Jin Biography": "Pirates of the other party often insurance. "" Xu Zi Zhi Tong Jian Yuanshizhu Emperor Yuan 20 years ":" Thief in-depth insurance, chisel, Jeffrey Hill infiltration, Zeizhong 5000 people try to make a surprise attack. "
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No. 7
That secure, without incident. Lao She, "Divorce": "give them to wear spots, just winter weather slippery thief it, hot and cold, wear more security!" Mao Dun "false alarm": "I am here to escort you also. Afraid of, insurance The. "
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Security; guarantee
Warranty and guarantee. Rou Shi, "February": "Money is out the window Hing also look, I did not vent their anger and said: 'Who dares to insurance, he must come to you today? There at the moment has not come?'" Du Pengcheng, "Engineer "Second:" I am the insurance, this is a new national record! "
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Sure, sure
Sure, sure. Li Ji, "When the Red Army was his brother back you" poem: "self-defense corps in the regular practice here, ask the insurance that their battalion commander." Liu Qing, "iron wall" Chapter IX: "The enemy up day by day, and Ge Commissioner's instructions came, granaries insurance, no corpuscles. "
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No. 10
Means guns, locks and other mechanical objects from the security role, to prevent accidents devices. Wang Zhen, "gun" the first act: "This is insurance, which is the nose, which is tied."
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No. 11
Focus on decentralization of social funds for compensation due to natural disasters or accidents caused economic loss, or citizens due to illness or incapacity for medical or physical assurance methods. "Wen Wei Po" 1984.6.21: "In the competition this period of 30 days, each participant will receive 50,000 U.S. dollars for health insurance."
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No. 12
① focus on decentralized social funds, the compensation due to natural disasters, accidents or personal injury caused by the loss method. Insured person or entity, payment schedule to the insurance sector a number of costs, the insurance sector within the scope of responsibility in the insurance liability of the loss. ② secure: to do so from time to ~. ③ Guarantee: you by me, ~ can not go wrong.
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No. 13
Insurance (insurance) (Refers only to commercial insurance) is insured under the contract, to pay insurance premiums to the insurer, the insurer may contract for the incident because it took place caused property damage liability to pay compensation insurance, or when the insured person death, disability, illness or age to the contract, the period when the commitment to pay the insurance liability business insurance act. Insurance is a contract to establish the form of bilateral economic relations, in order to pay the premiums of insurance fund established, within the provisions of the insurance contract, the losses caused by disasters, economic compensation or benefits of an economic form. Insurance, an economic category, it reveals is that the insurance of property, the insurance of the nature of things. Insurance classification Property insurance Life insurance Liability Insurance Credit Insurance Reinsurance In essence, insurance is embodied in a economic relations, in: (1) the insurer and the insured person's commodity exchange relations; (2) the insurer and the insured relationship between income redistribution. From an economic point of view, Insurance is a loss-sharing approach to most of the units and individuals to pay premiums to establish insurance funds, so a few members of the insured loss sharing by all. From a legal sense, Insurance is an action of contract, that by signing the insurance contract, clearly the rights and obligations of the parties, the insured to pay premiums for the insurance contract within the scope of compensation, the insurer will have the right to receive premiums and provide compensation obligations. Thus, the insurance is economic relations and legal relations of unity. According to different subject matter of insurance, life insurance and the insurance can be divided into two major categories of property insurance. Life insurance Based on people's life and body as the object of insurance. When people suffer, accident or illness, incapacitated old age, disability, death or old age retirement, according to the provisions of the insurance contract, the insurer of the insured or the beneficiary pay the insurance or annuity, to address the disease , disability, old age, death caused by economic difficulties. Broadly speaking, property insurance In addition to life insurance is outside of all other types of insurance, including property damage insurance, liability insurance, credit insurance, guarantee insurance, agricultural insurance. It is based on tangible or intangible property and related interests for the insurance subject of a class of real compensation insurance. Social Insurance The state in the form of law, and in workers temporarily or permanently lost the ability to work without even giving the source of the material or help to maintain itself and that is the general term for various systems. China's "Labor Law" Article 70 stipulates that "national development of social insurance undertakings, establish a social insurance system, establish a social insurance fund, so that workers in old age, illness, injury, unemployment, maternity and other cases, to receive help and compensation." China Insurance is moving more variety and comprehensive development. And the corresponding social insurance, commercial insurance through the insurance contract, for-profit form of insurance, the insurance business by the specialized. Commercial insurance relationship is voluntarily entered into by the parties to the contract between the insured under the contract, to pay premiums to insurance companies, insurance companies, according to the contract because of the possible occurrence of incidents of property damage caused by insurance liability to pay compensation, or When the insured person's death, disability, illness or age to reach agreement, the period when the commitment to pay the insurance liability. Commercial insurance and life insurance can be divided into two major categories of property insurance. From the functional point of view of insurance, insurance protection and investment has two functions. An economic system, but also a legal relationship. Insurance borrowing from the sea. To the Middle Ages, the Italian appeared risky lending, risky lending interest rates similar to today's insurance, but banned by the Church because of its high interest rates and decline. 1384, the world's first pizza there an insurance policy, the modern insurance system was born. Insurance First is an economic system. Economic life insurance is to ensure the stability of specific dangerous incidents or specific events that led to the loss of the use of most of the units of collective power, according to reasonable calculations, to establish a common fund. That the economic system of compensation or an insurance payment should have four elements: ① insurance must be there is a risk. Establishment of the insurance system is designed to deal with the occurrence of specific risk, no risk no insurance. ② the insurance risk of an accident must give financial compensation for the loss. This so-called financial compensation is not to recover compensation for the destruction of the original, nor is compensation in kind, but monetary compensation. Therefore, accidents caused by the loss must be able to calculate the economic value. In life insurance, the person is unable to calculate the value itself, but human labor can create value that death and disability will result in the loss of labor, so that individuals or their family's reduced income and increased expenses, so life insurance with financial compensation or payments to make up for this added burden on the economy, not to ensure that people have lost their labor or to restore life. ③ insurance must have aims at treating relationship. Insurance system is to be distributed to the loss of many units to share solutions to reduce the loss of infested units. Through insurance, the insured co-pay insurance premiums, the insurance compensation fund _set_ up jointly obtain protection. ④ insurance contribution payments must be reasonable. Insurance Compensation Fund by the insured person sharing, to make everyone pay a fair and reasonable, we must calculate the share of scientific gold. Insurance is a legal relationship. Insurance is required by law or the parties to the agreement, shall bear the obligation to pay insurance premiums in exchange for their accident or other specific events appear responsible for damage caused by the right to financial compensation or payment of the legal relationship. Its characteristics are: ① insurance is a contractual legal relationship; ② insurance contracts are binding on the parties; ③ insurance contract agreed upon in an accident or incident has occurred must be uncertain, that has a chance; ④ accident insurance contract, the other party incurs beyond the control of the insurer; ⑤ insured in the insurance after the accident bear the payment of money or other similar compensation; ⑥ insurance should be operated by the insurance policy. Property insurance generally can be divided into two major categories of insurance and life insurance. Property insurance, property or other property interests are the subject of insurance; Life insurance is based on the lives and health of the subject of insurance. Insurance also can be divided into voluntary insurance, compulsory insurance; Can be divided into single-insurance and re-insurance and primary insurance and reinsurance. In capitalist countries, business insurance business by the capitalists, as a means of profit. In China, the insurance industry primarily by the state insurance company, in addition to compensation after losses, but also actively cooperate with relevant departments of the various disasters and accidents to take preventive measures to reduce and prevent accidents. -------------------- -------------------- Insured ten must know (1) When the clerk to visit you, your right to ask the clerk to show its effective work in the insurance company documents. (2) You have the right salesman to explain the factual basis of the insurance provisions of the relevant contents insurance. When you decide to insurance, to ensure their rights, please read the insurance policy. (3) fill out the insurance policy, you must fill out the content and autographed; insured signature column personally signed by the insured person (except children's insurance). (4) When you pay, the clerk must be issued by insurance temporary income receipts on the spot, and this receipt signed and salesman code; You may also request salesman take you to the insurance company payment. (5) insurance after one month, if you have not received a formal insurance policy, ask the insurance company. After receipt of the insurance policy, you should field review, found errors and omissions, the right to ask the insurance company promptly corrected. (6) after a certain period of time insured, you have the right to request to withdraw the contract, depending on the company policy. (7) If your mailing address changes, please notify the insurance company to ensure that you can enjoy continuous service. (8) for the surrender, withdrawal may have caused economic losses in the insured when the attention. (9) insurance after the accident, please refer to the relevant provisions of the insurance provisions, in time with the insurance company or contact the clerk. (10) the process of insurance you have any questions or comments can be made to consult the relevant departments of insurance companies, reflect or complaints to the insurance industry association.
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Insurance is defined and embodied in the economic relations
Insurance (insurance) (refers only to commercial insurance) is insured under the contract, to pay insurance premiums to the insurer, the insurer may contract for the incident because it took place caused property damage liability to pay compensation insurance, or When the insured person's death, disability, illness or age to the contract, the period when the commitment to pay the insurance liability business insurance act. Insurance is a contract to establish the form of bilateral economic relations, in order to pay the premiums of insurance fund established, within the provisions of the insurance contract, the losses caused by disasters, economic compensation or benefits of an economic form. Insurance is the oldest of the risk management methods. Insurance contracts, the insured to pay a fixed amount (the premium) to the insurer, the former is assured: a specified period of time, which is a specific event or _set_ of events for any loss caused to give some compensation. Insurance, an economic category, it reveals is that the insurance of property, the insurance of the nature of things. In essence, insurance is embodied in a economic relations, in: (1) the insurer and the insured person's commodity exchange relations; (2) the insurer and the insured relationship between income redistribution. From an economic point of view, Insurance is a loss-sharing approach to most of the units and individuals to pay premiums to establish insurance funds, so a few members of the insured loss sharing by all. From a legal sense, Insurance is an action of contract, that by signing the insurance contract, clearly the rights and obligations of the parties, the insured to pay premiums for the insurance contract within the scope of compensation, the insurer will have the right to receive premiums and provide compensation obligations. Thus, the insurance is economic relations and legal relations of unity. Insurance is an economic system, but also a legal relationship. Insurance borrowing from the sea. To the Middle Ages, the Italian appeared risky lending, risky lending interest rates similar to today's insurance, but banned by the Church because of its high interest rates and decline. 1384, the world's first pizza there an insurance policy, the modern insurance system was born. Insurance First is an economic system. Economic life insurance is to ensure the stability of specific dangerous incidents or specific events that led to the loss of the use of most of the units of collective power, according to reasonable calculations, to establish a common fund. As compensation or an insurance payment of economic system should have four elements: ① insurance must be there is a risk. Establishment of the insurance system is designed to deal with the occurrence of specific risk, no risk no insurance. ② the insurance risk of an accident must give financial compensation for the loss. This so-called financial compensation is not to recover compensation for the destruction of the original, nor is compensation in kind, but monetary compensation. Therefore, accidents caused by the loss must be able to calculate the economic value. In life insurance, the person is unable to calculate the value itself, but human labor can create value that death and disability will result in the loss of labor, so that individuals or their family's reduced income and increased expenses, so life insurance with financial compensation or payments to make up for this added burden on the economy, not to ensure that people have lost their labor or to restore life. ③ insurance must have aims at treating relationship. Insurance system is to be distributed to the loss of many units to share solutions to reduce the loss of infested units. Through insurance, the insured co-pay insurance premiums, the insurance compensation fund _set_ up jointly obtain protection. ④ insurance contribution payments must be reasonable. Insurance Compensation Fund by the insured person sharing, to make everyone pay a fair and reasonable, we must calculate the share of scientific gold. Insurance is a legal relationship. Insurance is required by law or the parties to the agreement, shall bear the obligation to pay insurance premiums in exchange for their accident or other specific events appear responsible for damage caused by the right to financial compensation or payment of the legal relationship. Its characteristics are: ① insurance is a contractual legal relationship; ② insurance contracts are binding on the parties; ③ insurance contract agreed upon in an accident or incident has occurred must be uncertain, that has a chance; ④ accident insurance contract, the other party incurs beyond the control of the insurer; ⑤ insured in the insurance after the accident bear the payment of money or other similar compensation; ⑥ insurance should be operated by the insurance policy. Commercial insurance Can be divided into: property insurance, life insurance, health insurance, liability insurance, credit insurance.
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Insured ten will know (for commercial insurance)
(1) When the clerk to visit you, your right to ask the clerk to show its effective work in the insurance company documents. (2) You have the right salesman to explain the factual basis of the insurance provisions of the relevant contents insurance. When you decide to insurance, to ensure their rights, please read the insurance policy. (3) fill out the insurance policy, you must fill out the content and autographed; insured signature column personally signed by the insured person (except children's insurance). (4) When you pay, the clerk must be issued by insurance temporary income receipts on the spot, and this receipt signed and salesman code; You may also request salesman take you to the insurance company payment. (5) insurance after one month, if you have not received a formal insurance policy, ask the insurance company. After receipt of the insurance policy, you should field review, found errors and omissions, the right to ask the insurance company promptly corrected. (6) after a certain period of time insured, you have the right to request to withdraw the contract, depending on the company policy. (7) If your mailing address changes, please notify the insurance company to ensure that you can enjoy continuous service. (8) for the surrender, withdrawal may have caused economic losses in the insured when the attention. (9) insurance after the accident, please refer to the relevant provisions of the insurance provisions, in time with the insurance company or contact the clerk. (10) the process of insurance you have any questions or comments can be made to consult the relevant departments of insurance companies, reflect or complaints to the insurance industry association.
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The insurance function and meaning
Insurance has the financial compensation, financial intermediation and social management functions, these three functions is an organic whole. Financial compensation is the basic function, but also other differences between the insurance industry's most distinctive features. Financial intermediation function in the economic compensation, based on developed social management of the insurance industry to a certain extent and depth to many aspects of social life generated after an important feature, which is only in the economic compensation and financial intermediation functions achieve before they can play a role. First, the economic compensation Economic compensation insurance career of the base, best embodies the characteristics of the insurance industry and core competitiveness. Embodied in two aspects: 1, compensation for property insurance: Insurance is a disaster in a particular time of the accident, the insurance period and scope of responsibility of the insurance contract and insurance amounts, according to the actual amount of loss compensation. Compensation made by the social wealth that already exists due to disasters caused by the actual loss in value of compensation in the use of value can be restored, so that the process of social reproduction to be continuous. This compensation includes both of the insured due to natural disasters or accidents compensation for economic losses, but also according to the law of the insured should bear the financial liability for third party financial compensation, including breach of commercial credit in compensation for economic losses caused. 2, payment of life insurance: personal insurance, the insurance amount is insured by the insured based on the extent of need for life insurance policyholders and affordability, the circumstances permitted by law, both the insured and determined after consultation . Second, the function of financial intermediation Third, the social management functions Social management refers to all aspects of society as a whole and to regulate and control the process. Purpose of the normal play of the system, all departments and aspects of function, in order to achieve social harmony, the sound operation of the entire society and effective management. 1, Social Security Administration: Insurance as a social security system is an effective part in improving the social security system has played an important role on the one hand, insurance, social insurance by giving people not involved in providing insurance coverage, expand social security coverage; another On the one hand, and insurance products through flexible, to provide multi-level security services. 2, social risk management: insurance companies have risk management expertise, the risk of loss of a large number of data for social risk management provides a strong data support. Meanwhile, insurance companies, vigorously promote the culture of risk prevention awareness insured; to help the insured identify and control risk, to guide them to strengthen risk management; security checks, urging policyholders to take timely measures to eliminate risks; extract disaster funding for disaster prevention facilities The purchase and disaster prevention research. 3, social relations management: response to disaster losses through insurance, not only for the loss under the insurance contract be reasonable to add, but also improve incident handling efficiency and reduce accidents party disputes that may arise. Insurance involved in disaster management because the whole process, when the social relations involved in the management of, change the social behavior of the main mode, to maintain good social relations and create favorable conditions. 4, Social Credit Management: the principle of utmost good faith for the insurance to the basic principles of management, and insurance products is essentially a credit-based commitment of the parties in terms of the insurance, credit is essential. Insurance contract to perform the process of social credit system in effect for the establishment and management of a number of important sources of information, social information resources sharing.
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The role of insurance
First, insurance, micro-economic role in the 1, will help the affected enterprises to resume production in a timely manner. 2, will help enterprises to enhance economic accounting. 3, will help enterprises to enhance risk management. 4, is conducive to stability and people's lives. 5, is conducive to the fulfillment of civil liability. Second, the role of insurance in the macroeconomic 1, the normal protection of social reproduction. 2, to promote the flow of goods and consumption. 3, to promote science and technology into practical productive forces. 4, is conducive to the successful financial and credit balance to achieve. 5, increase foreign exchange earnings, and enhance international capacity to pay. 6, to mobilize the international scope of the insurance fund.
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保险细读
Insurance implications
"Insurance" is a daily life in our high frequency term generally refers to work or to grasp the meaning of sound. But in the Insurance, the "insurance" term has its specific content and deep meaning. In China, the insurance is a foreign word, by the English "insurance" from the translation of the word. First entered the insurance industry in the West of Guangdong Province, China has used to refer to insurance, "Yan comb ', is also its English transliteration. Insurance as an objective thing, experienced a bud, production, growth and development process, from the formal point of view the performance of mutual insurance, co-insurance, commercial insurance and social insurance. (A) general insurance, No matter what form of insurance, in terms of its natural properties, can be summarized as follows: Insurance is a collection with a similar risk of many units and individuals, to a reasonable calculation of risk-sharing payments in the form of a minority but because of the risk of accidents Members of the economic loss to provide insurance as an act of economic security. (B) narrow Insurance Usually, we are talking about insurance, insurance is narrow, that commercial insurance. "People's Republic of Insurance Law" clearly states: this law, insurance, refers to the insured under contract, to pay insurance premiums to the insurer, the insurer for the contract because of possible accidents caused property damage occurred to pay compensation insurance liability, or when the insured person's death, disability, illness or age to the contract, the period when the commitment to pay the insurance liability business insurance act. Insured to the insurer to pay known as "premium." Large part of the premiums paid by customers are used to establish insurance funds be used to meet the claims expected to occur, another part of the insured to do business with the expenses. If people throughout the insurance claims expenses and costs less than premium income, the difference becomes the insurance company profits.
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Insurance features
1, mutual aid. Insured by the insurer to pay insurance premiums with most insurance fund created by the loss of a small number of the insured to provide compensation or benefits to be reflected; 2, contractual. From a legal point of view, insurance is a contract behavior; 3, the economy. Insurance is the insurance compensation or payment to achieve a kind of economic security activities; 4, commodity. Insurance reflects an equal exchange of economic relations; 5, scientific. Insurance is a scientific and effective measures to deal with the risk.
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Elements of Insurance
1, the existence of insurable risks; 2, a large collection of homogeneous risks and distributed; 3, the determination of premium rates; 4, the establishment of insurance reserves; 5, the insurance contract is entered into. Basic concepts of pay to the insurer who is known as the "Insured."
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Subject-matter insured
Insurance is the subject of the insurance object, the subject of life insurance is the insured person's body and life, and broad property insurance is property and its related economic benefits and liability for damage to the object of insurance, which is the subject of property damage insurance the insured property, liability insurance is the subject of the insured person to bear the financial liability, credit insurance, the insured person is the subject of credit led to economic losses.
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Insurance rates
Premium rate is the ratio of the amount of insurance premiums, also known as the insurance premium rate prices. Usually every thousand Yuan per $ 100 or the amount of insurance premiums to be paid to represent.
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Rates determined
Insurers use actuarial to quantify the risk. Data compiled by the insurer to estimate future losses (pre-loss rate), usually a reasonable approximation. Actuarial statistics and probability to like to use and analyze the risks and the distribution of the state, insurers use the scientific principles and attach certain conditions to determine the premium rate. These additional conditions include pre-investment rate of return, insurance booking rates, pre-operating expenses and taxes, life insurance companies also include additional pre-mortality conditions. Insurance companies must pay the scheduled interest rate will be brought on the market borrowing rates compared, according to the comparison, many insurance companies do not win the scheduled interest rate, but they would rather be elsewhere than in their control to the borrowing rate Haiyao low. If not, the insurance company will not return to the owners of capital to, then they will lend money to other places to get the market price of the return on investment.
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Loss ratio
Simple payment rate: the rate is a simple payment of compensation expense during the period the percentage of total premium income. After insurance loss ratio: the year compensation expenses / (P101 × 1 / 24 + P102 × 3 / 24 + P103 × 5 / 24 + P104 × 7 / 24 + P105 × 9 / 24 + P106 × 11/24 + P107 × 13 / 24 + P108 × 15/24 + P109 × 17/24 + P110 × 19/24 + P111 × 21/24 + P112 × 23/24 + P201 × 23/24 + P202 × 21/24 + P203 × 19/24 + P204 × 17/24 + P205 × 15/24 + P206 × 13/24 + P207 × 11/24 + P208 × 9 / 24 + P209 × 7 / 24 + P210 × 5 / 24 + P211 × 3 / 24 + P212 × 1 / 24) P101 refers to the prior year in January in which premium income; P205 refers to the premium income this year in May, more than those with the same meaning. Example: Family Insurance For example, the family property worth $ 100,000, well-known risk of causing loss of property is sufficient to cause the family financial crisis, so property owners may prefer to buy property insurance. Insurance companies will determine a premium rate, for example, pay $ 1,000 a year, and paid, the property passed on the risk of loss the insurance company. When the insurance contract of insurance accident led to family property losses, insurance companies pay on insurance premiums in accordance with the contract, under normal conditions, the amount is often approved for home repair or replacement of property prices. Second, the principle of insurable interest Insurance benefits is the subject of insurance policyholder has the legal recognition of interests. It reflects the subject of insurance between the insured and the interest. The establishment of conditions are: the insurance benefits must be legitimate interests, the insurance benefits must be economically valuable benefits, insurance benefits must be determined by the interests of the insurance benefits must be a stake interests. Third, the compensation principle There are two basic meanings: First, only the insurance subject-matter insured caused by accident damage resulting in economic losses suffered by the insured, the insurance people to bear responsibility for compensation; otherwise, even if the insurance period the insurance accident occurred, but was not insured losses, have no right to require insurers to compensation. Second, the insured amount of compensation available, only the subject matter of insurance is limited to actual losses suffered, that the insurer's compensation insurance, the subject just to make the economic recovery to the state before the accident insurance, the insured can not people get more or less than the loss of compensation, in particular, can not allow the insured to obtain additional benefits through insurance. Life insurance, the insurance value, replacement value insurance department applies the principle of compensation.
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Insurance benefits
Is the subject of insurance with the insured's legal recognition of interests. Insured because the insurance is usually the subject of damage or loss suffered economic losses because of insurance, the subject of preservation and profit. Only when the insurance benefits are legally recognized, economic, determined instead of the expected benefits, insurance benefits can be established. In general, property insurance, accident insurance benefits in the insurance exists, then in order to compensate for losses; insurance benefits life insurance the insurance contract must be entered into existence, to prevent moral hazard.
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The principle of utmost good faith
The principle of utmost good faith to ensure that the insurance contract the parties can be honest and trustworthy, to fulfill their obligations in good faith. Include the following: Obligation to inform the insurer Insurers should be content that the insurance contract terms, and clearly the purpose. Obligation to truthfully inform the insured Policyholder should accurately inform the insurance status of the subject. Insured or guaranteed obligations of the insured person The insured or the insured person for the act or omission, the presence or absence of a state guarantee. Ensure a more specific insurance contract is clear on the required security guarantees such as theft insurance in the installation of security doors, life insurance in the driving must have a valid driving license; no explicit guarantee is called implied warranties, such as marine insurance , the implied warranties of seaworthiness insured, do not change course, the legitimacy of such navigation. As the warranty of the insured limit is very strict, so national laws are limited to implied warranties of insurers to use only some common issues as implied warranties. Waiver and estoppel principles Abstention is the parties give up certain rights in the contract. For example, clearly inform the insurer of the insured subject matter of insurance underwriting enough to affect the degree of risk, and the silence of the insurer collected premiums, the insurer then constitute the right to give up insurance coverage. Another example is the accident insurance, the beneficiary is not the period specified in the contract claim, constitute the beneficiaries give up the right to claim insurance money. Estoppel means since it has been given up certain rights, shall not stand on the right. Such as the first example above, the insurer can not cover, to raise the insured's right to claim insurance coverage. Compensation principle Compensation principle is that insurers must accident insurance when the insurance losses subject of the scope of liability under the insurance policy to compensate the beneficiaries. Its meaning for the insurer to the insurance contract to compensate for losses caused by the accident, the beneficiary can not pay for the additional insurance benefits. In general, property insurance, follow the principle, but because the value of human life and body is difficult to estimate, so the principle does not apply to life insurance, health insurance, but some scholars believe that the medical costs should follow, or they suspected of unjust enrichment . Proximate principles Proximate principle is to determine the risk of accident and the loss of the insurance relationship between the subject to determine the liability of the insurance compensation or payment of the basic principles. Proximate cause of the damage occurred is the subject of insurance, the most direct, most effective and decisive reasons, and does not refer to the most recent reason. If proximate cause is the insured risk, the insurer should be compensated, if the proximate cause are not except responsibility or risk insurance, the insurer is not liable. Insurance and gambling
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Insurance History
Insurance bud Before and after 2500 BC, Babylonian King of the Kingdom commands the monks, the judge, mayor and other revenue collection, as the fire relief fund. Ancient Egyptian funerary masons formed mutual aid organizations, with the delivery of contributions to resolve Shoulian burial funds. Roman Empire soldiers organized to raise funds in the form provided for the Memorial to the bereaved family living, evolving insurance system. With the development of trade, about 1792 BC, is the ancient Babylonian King Hammurabi sixth generation era of commercial prosperity, in order to support business and protect the caravan of mules and goods for compensation, in Hammurabi Code, provides for compensation for loss of common terms apportioned. In 916 BC, in the Mediterranean island of Rhodes, the king in order to ensure the normal conduct of maritime trade, maritime security Rhodia developed to provide a certain cargo losses, by including the owner, the owner of the goods the ship, including all benefits people share, which is marked the beginning of marine insurance. In 260 BC - 146 years before, Punic War, Roman military transport in order to solve the problem, collect 24-36% of the cost of business as a reserve fund, to compensate for loss of cargo, which is the origin of marine insurance. 133 years BC, in ancient Rome established the LGI (Masonic organizations), to join the organization who received 100 Chak Division, and a bottle of King's sake. Another 5 per month charge Ze Division, accumulated a fund for the funeral of the subsidy, which is the life of the bud. Insurance from the embryonic period of mutual help and gradually developed into a risky loan, the development of the marine insurance contract, the development of marine insurance, fire insurance, life insurance and other insurance, and gradually developed into a modern insurance. Marine Insurance 17th century, European Renaissance, the British capitalism have greatly developed through large-scale colonial plunder, the UK is increasingly developing into the world's total trade and shipping industry dominance of the British Empire, the British businessmen to launch world's marine insurance business provided the conditions. Insurance broker system also will be produced. Mid-seventeenth century, the old Ed Edwards opened the Thames, "Lloyd coffee shop", as people exchange information on shipping, insurance and talk to business news sites. Then run insurance business in the cafe. 1969 Lloyd moved to London's financial center coffee shop, into the present Lloyd's predecessor. Fire insurance The existing fire insurance originated in the United Kingdom. September 2, 1666, a huge fire in London (see London fire), more than half of the city were burned, the loss of about £ 12 million, 20 million people homeless. As the lessons of the fire, the insurance idea has been widely accepted. 1677, dentist Nicholas Raba Peng opened in London in personal insurance, business insurance, house fires, first appeared in the Firm franchise house fire insurance, fire insurance companies gradually increased between 1861 -1911 years, the United Kingdom registered fire insurance company to reach 567. In 1909, the British government to legal form of fire insurance for the control and supervision, and promote the normal development of the fire insurance business. Life insurance In the Middle Ages, the prevalence of various guilds, Germany "support treasury," U.S. "friendly society", the Dutch and French "pension system" and began to raise capital in the form of life insurance industry. In 1688 the British established the "widow pension system" and "Widows and Orphans insurance will" and other insurance organizations, the life insurance enterprise. Insurance origin From the beginning of human society is facing natural disasters and accidents intrusion in the process of struggle with nature, the ancient people to deal with disasters on the initiation of ideas and original form of insurance, the insurance approach. Dynasties in China attach great importance to grain prepare against natural disasters. Confucius's Spring and Autumn Period, "more than a trio," the idea is quite representative of the views. Confucius believed that each year one-third of such can lay up grain harvest up, so buy in 3 consecutive years, you can save enough food for one year, that "more than one." If you continue to lay up food, after 27 years can be accumulated nine years of food, we can achieve peace and prosperity. According to legend, 5000 years ago, one day at noon, across the Egyptian desert, a caravan of camels in the dunes between being tough trek. Hot sun baking uncovered desert, seemingly all life to dry, rough water bottle at a passing merchant. Suddenly, the sky suddenly darkened, the clouds like a cross diarrhea turbid rolling in the sky, a big storm to come up. Merchants refused to take a camel, and Pinmingdiwang climbing dune height. After the storm, they threw away the original place where camels and goods have piled up several new dunes, 30 camels run faster only eight survived, the rest without a trace. China's insurance industry three decades Memorabilia October 20, 1949, the Chinese People's Insurance Company was established in Beijing, announced a new China's first large multi-national state-owned insurance company was born. December 1958, the National Financial Conference had decided to formally suspend the domestic insurance business. November 19, 1979, People's Bank of China held in Beijing National Insurance Working Conference, suspended 20 years of domestic insurance business began to resume business. Insurance Institute of China was established. December 31, 1981, China promulgated the "PRC Economic Contract Law," in which the property insurance contract stipulates, in principle, become the basis for the formulation of relevant laws. September 1983, approved by the State Council, China People's Insurance Company upgraded to the level of economic entities under the State Council Office, January 1, 1984 separation from the People's Bank of China, People's Bank of China to accept the leadership, management, supervision and auditing. March 3, 1985, the State Council promulgated the "Provisional Regulations on insurance companies' founding of New China's first insurance company after the management of legal documents. May 28, 1988, China Ping An Insurance was founded, this is the first joint-stock insurance company, Ping An Insurance was founded by China Merchants Commercial Bank of China joint venture with the establishment of new China continued Chinese People's Insurance Company established in China The second national commercial insurers, Ping An Insurance was developed with the establishment of the contribution created by the development of China's insurance industry had a tremendous impact. May 13, 1991 the establishment of China Pacific Insurance Company, China Pacific Insurance to _set_ up the formation of the Chinese People's Insurance (China Life's predecessor), China Ping An Insurance, China Pacific Insurance three domestic insurance companies and continues to this day. In September 1991, began drafting a new Chinese since the founding of China's first insurance law. In 1993, China Ping An Insurance Company introduced Morgan Stanley and Goldman Sachs Group, two major international investment bank shares 13.7% stake in Ping An, to become the new China's first foreign investment in insurance companies. In October 1994, Tian An Insurance Co. in Shanghai. In January 1995, Volkswagen Insurance Co. in Shanghai. June 30, 1995 the Eighth National People's Congress Standing Committee 14th session. In the same year, effective October 1. "People's Republic of Insurance Law" promulgated, marking China's insurance industry entered a new period of the legal system. July 1996, the Chinese People's Insurance Company changed its name to the Chinese People's Insurance (Group) Company, under the PICC Property Insurance Company Limited, PICC Life Insurance Company Limited, PICC Reinsurance Company Limited and other subsidiaries In August 1996, Taikang Life Insurance Co. in Beijing. In August 1996, Xinhua Life Insurance Company Limited was established in Beijing. September 9, 1997, 13 national, regional co-funded insurance companies signed China's first "National Insurance Industry Convention," and on October 1 implementation. November 18, 1998, China Insurance Regulatory Commission was formally established. January 18, 1999, China People's Insurance (Group) Company restructuring, the group revocation, PICC Property and Casualty Insurance Co., heir to Paul Brand, renamed the Chinese People's Insurance Company. January 1999, PICC Life Insurance Company Limited changed its name to China Life Insurance Company. March 18, 1999, PICC Reinsurance Company changed its name to China Reinsurance Company. In June 2000, the first domestic insurance brokers - Jiang Tai Insurance Broker Co. unveiled in Beijing, becoming China's first comprehensive national insurance brokerage firm. November 16, 2000, China Insurance Industry Association was _set_ up in Beijing. November 20, 2000, China Insurance Regulatory Commission approved the establishment of four life insurance companies: Minsheng Life Insurance, Eastern Life, life Life and constant An Renshou. November 30, 2001, by the State Council, China Insurance Regulatory Commission, founded in Shanghai in 1929 moved to Hong Kong in 1956, nearly half a century of overseas business franchise Taiping Life full recovery operating domestic life insurance business, making it the sixth country of life insurance companies. In 2002, China Life launched a restructuring of work in 2003 in New York, successfully listed in Hong Kong. In 2003, China People's Insurance successfully completed restructuring, PICC in the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, China's overseas-listed mainland state-owned financial institutions, "the first unit." February 4, 2003, China Ping An Insurance Co., Ltd. formal completion of the sub-sector restructuring, changed its name to China Ping An Insurance (Group) Co., Ltd.. July 19, 2003, after the reorganization of the Chinese People's Insurance Company changed its name to the Chinese insurance holding company. June 30, 2003, China Life Insurance Company restructuring, initiated the establishment of China Life Insurance Co., Ltd. the exclusive July 21, 2003, China Life Insurance Company changed its name to China Life Insurance (Group) Company in 2003 by China Ping An Insurance Group Holdings was established in Ping An Bank, Ping An is China's first insurance company absolute control by the banks. Ping An Bank, formerly known as Fujian Asia Bank in 2003, China Ping An Insurance Group was acquired. November 2006 acquisition of Shenzhen Ping An of China City Commercial Bank, in June 2007 in Shenzhen City Commercial Bank to acquire Ping An Bank was renamed as Shenzhen Ping An Bank, January 2009, Shenzhen Ping An Bank, Ping An Bank officially changed its name (Ping An Bank Co., Ltd.) . December 22, 2003, after restructuring, China Reinsurance (Group) Corporation was established. December 11, 2004 onwards, China's insurance industry has fully opened. In June 2006, "the State Council on the insurance industry reform and development of a number of opinions" (also known as "ten countries") released. In 2007, China Life, Ping An, China Pacific Insurance landing A-share market. Global China Insurance traded on the Nasdaq. June 2007, the Chinese re-insurance holding company called the Chinese People's Insurance Group. In September 2007, the U.S. listed company ehealthinsurance formally launched its superior protection in Xiamen, which means China's insurance into the age of electronic commerce.
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Insurance classification
Large category classification according to insurance coverage, insurance, the subject of small classes according to the type of classification. Insurance is based on a variety of physical property as the object of insurance, the insurer of material property or material loss of property interests liable. A fire insurance coverage on land is stored in a certain geographical area, basically in the stationary state of the property, such as machinery, buildings, a variety of raw materials or products, appliances and other family life caused by fire loss. 2 marine insurance is essentially a transport insurance, the insurance business is the development of the first kind of insurance, the insurer for the insurance subject of maritime perils caused the loss of liability. 3 cargo insurance is in addition to maritime transport other than the cargo insurance, the main underwriting inland, rivers, coastal and air transport of goods in the loss occurred. 4 cover a variety of means of transport insurance, the main driving and parking of vehicles in the course of the loss occurred. Main types of insurance including 5 car insurance cover a variety of auto body damage and third party liability. 6 variety of aircraft and aviation insurance underwriting transport aircraft fuselage, third party liability, passenger liability insurance. 7 types of ships at sea, marine insurance underwriting (passenger, cargo ships, tankers, container ships, barges, towing barges, yachts and fishing boats) of the hull, ship machinery, navigation equipment, furniture, materials and supplies, fuel, etc., can also be insured collisions with other vessels to be exempt from liability. 8 railway locomotive railway vehicle insurance coverage of any (including property and liability) losses. 9 Engineering Insurance cover all accidental losses during a variety of projects and third party bodily injury and property damage. 10 post-loss insurance benefits for the insurer after the insured property subject to a variety of intangible benefits may lead to loss of commitment to the insurance liability insurance. 11 theft of property insurance coverage for robbers, thieves and steal or damage caused. 12 major agricultural insurance underwriting various types of crops or economic crops and livestock, poultry and other natural disasters or accidents due to the loss. 13 liability insurance is the insured person's civil liability for damages as the object of insurance. 14 public liability insurance cover the insured person's personal injury caused to others or property damage should bear legal liability. 15 employer's liability insurance coverage or employment contract the employer under the law of personal injury to employees should bear the financial liability. 16 product liability insurance coverage the insured due to manufacturing defects or sell products such as consumer or user of personal injury or other losses suffered due to liability. 17 professional liability insurance coverage, doctors, lawyers, accountants, designers and other freelancers for work in other people's negligence caused personal injury and property damage liability. 18 protection and indemnity insurance, car insurance, ship management, in accordance with the provisions of law or contract others to bear liability for damages. 19 guarantee insurance Insurance is the subject of credit risk. 20 Credit Insurance to enter into a contract party to require the insurer to bear the credit risk of the other contracts for the content of insurance. 21 guarantee insurance to people warrantee obligations under the contract require insurers to guarantee the rights of people should fulfill the obligations of insurance. 22 life insurance is based on the human body or life as the object of insurance, the insurer assume the period of insurance the insured person suffered personal injury, or casualty insurance expires or the insured person to survive, the payment of the insurance payment. 23 Personal Accident Insurance is the insurer of the insured in an accident disability, death to pay the insurance liability insurance. 24, also known as health insurance, sickness insurance, the insurer of the insured person due to illness incurred medical expenses, or loss of ability to work due to illness, according to the agreed insurance insurance insurance payment. 25 life insurance take human life, its life or death for the object of insurance. Type of life insurance risk protection 26 regularly death insurance to the insured died during the insurance period for the payment conditions of the insurance. 27 die life insurance to the insured for the payment of the conditions for life insurance death. 28 Endowment insurance period for the insured died within the period of insurance expires or is still living conditions for the payment of insurance, the nature of saving. 29 annuity insurance to the insured for the payment of living conditions, to ensure that the insured person in a fixed period of time, according to a certain time interval to receive payment of the insurance. Finance and investment-type life insurance Participating Insurance Investment-linked insurance is the insurance company will not receive incoming capital (the premium) in addition to the amount available to customers outside of the insurance, but also do link to the underlying funds invest in profitable customers can enjoy. Universal Life Insurance (also known as Universal Life Insurance) Reinsurance to insurance companies for the insurance risk of the subject of insurance.
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Debate
Life insurance and savings Some have agreed on the cash value life insurance contract, if the insurance contract surrender, then you can get the value of the insured, or you can get the value through policy loans. Some insurance, such as annuity or fund-based insurance, when needed as a financial tool can be used to gather or liquidation of property, see Life Insurance. In many countries, like the U.S. and the UK, tax law, interest earned on the cash value in certain circumstances should not be taxed. This requirement has led to life was as a means of saving tax, if it happens premature death. China's tax law is not clear on this point, but usually no income tax on insurance premiums. The popularization of insurance terms Insurance policy which contains many technical terms and legal provisions, resulting in many non-read and understand the industry very difficult. Contents insurance is also very complex, many customers may not understand all the provisions of insurance costs, regulations and liability insurance. A result, people may not want to buy their insurance. To solve this problem, the PRC Insurance Law on the contents insurance policy should at least include the standard terms and conditions, some other laws and regulations on how to promote and sell insurance. While customers can buy insurance through an insurance broker, the broker will give the customer about what to buy insurance and the limitations of other insurance advice. Because insurance brokers can grasp the products of several insurance companies, and hence to the market by "selling" protection of high insurance rates low. But in China, the insurance brokerage industry has just started, the number of small and very irregular. Some insurance companies try to popularize the terms of the transformation of the insurance, so most people can understand. Support the view that this is a good direction. But many people in the industry and legal experts believe that doing so would result in loss of insurance terms legal sense of rigor, may lead to ambiguity, causing economic disputes. "King terms" In December 2004, the China Consumer Association of China's insurance industry has done a top ten unequal terms of format, Comments, causing widespread concern in society. They are: A unilateral change is not arbitrary transfer rate negotiation 2 claims net of mutual interest-free credit shall talk about 3 double-word limit hospitalization subsidies difficult verbal claims 4 claims to self Disclaimer Notice no effect after 5 provides the insured first third-party claims of unilateral 6 pass any operational risks based Mianpei Lv 7 fold return insured vehicles increased residual responsibilities of consumers 8 requires the insured limit the jurisdiction of the court _select_ed 9 to reduce the cost of the statutory maximum rescue 10 arbitrary exclusions and termination of the contract terms _set_ The insurance industry veterans point out that Article 1 whether the provisions of the King should be determined based on the actual situation, if the behavior of insurers to adjust rates declared in advance and inform the insured the opportunity to lift the other insurance contracts, to adjust rates without providing reasons. Section 3,4,5,7 of the act should be regarded as unfair claims, does not belong to the "Terms" category. Interestingly, the China Consumers' Association of the insurance industry, "King terms" Comments silencing, and Consumer Protection Day at 3.15 is also no mention, the insurance companies with equanimity, and how many did not take effective action, the debate this died down, no later had. Social insurance and commercial insurance analysis of the similarities and differences 1, the implementation of methods and basis difference. Social Security is a mandatory law, and commercial insurance as a voluntary, contractual way. 2, to protect different targets. Social security for all workers, and business insurance for their citizens. 3, the premium from different sources. Social security premiums for the multi-party, with the insured, units and government, commercial insurance premiums from policyholders. 4, the amount of insurance and insurance at different levels. Unified social security insurance amount, insurance lower level; commercial insurance is free to decide the amount of insurance and insurance levels are higher. 5, the implementation of different principles. Social Security is the principle of social justice, business insurance is a personal principle of fairness. 6, operators and different purposes. Social security for the government-designated agencies, non-profit institutions; commercial insurance for insurance companies, for-profit institutions. 7, different income qualifications. Social Security is a legal heir, or heirs for a specified insurance business. Insurance contract Definition of insurance contract Insurance contract the insurer (insurance company) and insured (citizens, legal persons) concerning the risk of a civil agreement. According to the agreement between the insured and the insurer clearly the rights and obligations, that is, by the insured to pay premiums to the insurer, the insurer should be in the insurance contract after the accident, the accident caused property damage bear the financial liability or in the life insurance contract is specified events such as death, disability, illness occurs, or the expiry of the contract as to age, to fulfill the obligation to pay insurance money. Thus, the issue of insurance contracts validly entered into at stake, and only after the insurance contract validly entered into in order to achieve the purpose and significance of the insurance. First, the establishment of insurance contracts 1 established the meaning of the insurance contract According to the theory of contract law, the establishment of the so-called contract, the contract is due to meet certain elements of the objective, specific performance is to offer their people unilaterally into both the meaning of that same intention. Established to determine whether the contract is not only a theoretical issue, but also has practical significance. First, determine whether the contract was established in order to determine the existence of the contract, if the contract does not exist, it's performance, change, transfer, discharge, etc. of a series of problems would not exist; secondly, to determine whether the contract _set_ up, but also to identify validity of the contract if the contract does not exist, not to mention the contract is valid, invalid, namely, the establishment of the insurance contract is a prerequisite for entry into force of the insurance contract. (2) establishment of the elements of insurance contracts Insurance contract is a civil act, and a contract act, therefore, not only by the insurance contract, the adjustment of insurance law, civil law, and shall also be subject to the adjustment of contract law, therefore, the establishment of the insurance contract must meet the elements of civil and legal acts establishment of elements of the contract. Article XIII of the Contract Law of China stipulates: "The parties entered into a contract to offer, promise a way." China's "Insurance Law" Article XII: "the insured insurance requirements made by the insurer agreed to cover, and an agreement on the terms of the contract , establishment of insurance contracts. "in accordance with this provision, the establishment of insurance contracts generally have three elements: First, the proposed insured insurance requirements; Second, the insurer agreed to cover; Third, the insurer and the insured agree on the terms of the contract . These three elements, in essence, an offer under contract law and commitment to the process. Therefore, in principle, the insurance contract should offer and acceptance by the parties reach a meaning consistent manner shall _set_ up. Second, the insurance contract in force 1. The meaning of the insurance contract in force Insurance contract "insurance contract in force" and "establishment of insurance contracts" are two different concepts. Establishment of insurance contracts, parties to the contract is the main provisions of the insurance contract to reach agreement on; the insurance contract in force, the terms of the contract means both parties have taken place in legal effect, requires the parties to abide by the contract, the full implementation of obligations under the contract. The establishment of insurance contracts and effect relationship, there are two: First, a contract had been _set_ up that effect, both sides began to enjoy the rights and obligations; Second, after the establishment of the contract does not take effect immediately, but wait until the conditions attached to the insurance contract in force with the establishment or deadline arrives to take effect. (2) the elements of the insurance contract in force "General Principles of Civil Law," Article 55 provides that: "the civil legal act shall meet the following conditions: (a) the perpetrator has a corresponding capacity for civil conduct; (b) that the true meaning; (c) does not violate the law or public interest . "" Contract Law "Article IX," the parties entered into a contract, should have the appropriate capacity of civil rights and civil capacity. " Thus, the insurance contract entered into to be effective, the parties must have the appropriate contractual capacity, and in the insurance contract is not contrary to law and public interest, based on the true meaning. Insurance ten must know (1) When the clerk to visit you, your right to ask the clerk to show its effective work in the insurance company documents. (2) you are entitled to based on the insurance salesman to explain insurance terms Rushi relevant content. When you decide to insurance, to ensure their rights, please read the insurance policy. (3) fill out the insurance policy, you must fill out the content and autographed; insured signature column personally signed by the insured person (except children's insurance). (4) When you pay, the clerk must be issued by insurance temporary income receipts on the spot, and this receipt signed and salesman code; You may also request salesman take you to the insurance company payment. (5) insurance after one month, if you have not received a formal insurance policy, please contact the insurance company. After receipt of the insurance policy, you should field review, found errors and omissions, the right to ask the insurance company promptly corrected. (6) after a certain period of time insured, you have the right to request to withdraw the contract, depending on the company policy. (7) If your mailing address changes, please notify the insurance company to ensure that you can enjoy continuous service. (8) for the surrender, withdrawal may have caused economic losses in the insured when the attention. (9) insurance after the accident, please refer to the relevant provisions of the insurance provisions, in time with the insurance company or contact the clerk. (10) the process of insurance you have any questions or comments can be made to consult the relevant departments of insurance companies, reflect or complaints to the insurance industry association. Insurance funds management operation of insurance funds and investment management and investment operations Fund management: highly concentrated separate accounts independent accounting * To ensure the profitability of capital, openness, transparency Financial accounting _Set_ up a separate financial statements, independent accounting, April 1 each year subject to the China Insurance Regulatory Commission to submit financial reports (including balance sheet, income statement, annual report and the participating insurance dividends, income distribution and the division of costs). * Subject to qualified accounting firms. Use by professional investors who invest in the development of investment strategy and portfolio. Investment channels a, government bonds, b, finance, bonds, c, national large-scale infrastructure construction bonds (AA + credit rating in the above: the Three Gorges, electricity, railways) d, securities investment funds (30% of dividend-based investment-linked 100%) e, Bank (Agreement) deposits F, lending Bank deposit • According to People's Bank of China issued in October 1999, Document No. 351, for a minimum deposit amount of 30 million, deposits of maturity of 5 years (not including 5 years) of the deposit agreement, the Chinese-funded commercial banks, insurance companies, legal persons and legal entities may interest rate, term deposits, end information and consultation to determine the mode of interest. • Benefits Large deposit agreement depends mainly on the rate of return of capital in the market supply and demand, the bank's operating conditions, credit rating and the level of the deposit amount, the length of term deposits, interest payment methods The risk of interest rate risk mainly purchasing power risk Risk characteristics • As the bank's credit rating is generally higher than companies in other industries, enterprises, therefore, in the bank's financial risk is relatively small. However, as with the Bank of China to speed up the commercialization process, the credit risk of bank deposits increased • credit risk, namely, deposit-line responsibility for debt service can not perform Treasury bonds, financial bonds AA + above the railway, the Three Gorges, electricity and other central corporate bonds Income • bonds issued from the previous term, bond interest rate is generally higher than bank deposit interest rates Risk The main risk • interest rate risk, interest rate changes that affect bond prices • purchasing power risk • Credit risk Risk characteristics • bonds guaranteed by the national credit, low credit risk, often referred to as "gilt-edged securities", followed by the financial bonds, corporate bonds, once again the central Securities Investment Fund • China's Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchange's 33 securities investment funds Income • Securities Investment Fund's investment income, mainly from two aspects: One fund dividends, the annual net income to fund dividends to be at least once, and not less than 90% of net income Second, the Fund's trading gains, through the stock market, fund-depth study of market trends, determine the investment opportunity to invest in undervalued, dividend potential, rapid growth in net fund products, in order to obtain fund unit prices are bring income spreads Risk Affect the yield of securities investment funds, risk factors: - The macroeconomic situation - Fluctuations in interest rates - Stock market volatility - Listed companies operating conditions - Fund managers of the factors • Investment Securities Investment Fund's risk factors • timing of the sale • fund products • capital flows Risk characteristics • higher risk than bonds and bank deposits, but lower than the stock Understanding of investment-oriented insurance a few errors Too much emphasis on the investment function of such insurance, the insurance protection of their basic function of water down or even ignored; One can not simply be the monthly rate of return simply converted to annual rate of return, pay attention to long-term, stable income; Should not simply compare different products published yield (simple unit-linked products to the price growth rate, dividend rate and the participating insurance products, universal _set_tlement rate to evaluate a company's investment management and return to the customer Life insurance dividends on the importance of investment The charm comes from the participating insurance dividends Poor benefit from dividends and interest rate and death benefits, etc. Poor profitability of death benefits is limited Therefore, dividend interest mainly from the spread Spread benefits depends on the company's investment Therefore very important to the life insurance company's investment
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The general principles of insurance
1 live within its means (2) determine the insurance needs Buy for themselves or family life insurance, the insured has to consider three factors: First, adaptability. Himself or his family needed to buy personal advantageous to consider the scope of protection. For example, there is no health care practitioners, to buy a "critical illness insurance," then the use of hospitalization due to major diseases, the cost is paid by the insurance company, adaptability is very clear. Second, the economic ability to pay. Buy life insurance is a long-term investment needed annually to deposit a certain premium, annual premium costs must depend on their earning capacity, generally take the balance of household savings, or 10% ─ 20% is more appropriate. The third is optional. Individual or family insurance insurance companies can not offer all types of insurance, only in accordance with the family's economic capacity and flexibility to choose some insurance. Limited financial capacity, the ratio of children to adults, insurance coverage is more practical, especially in the family "economic pillar", there is a certain age, the risk of their lives will certainly be higher than the child. Of course, the ability to pay under the premise of the home insured person what they need even more perfect. 3. Attention to the high loss From a practical point of view, the loss is a measure of the seriousness of the risk level is very important indicator. In general, the smaller the loss can be unnecessary insurance, and severity of losses for insurance. People buy insurance to deal with it in addition, there is no other better way. For the high loss of the high amount of insurance coverage you need. High amount of insurance policyholders can get the fullest protection, of course, the insurance will naturally high, but can be used to improve the way deductibles, lower insurance rates, higher insured amount to off_set_ the higher premiums. Before the insurance as the insured should take full account of the extent of losses faced by the extent of the degree, the greater should purchase such insurance. 4. The use of deductibles 5 with a reasonable insurance
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How to choose the insurance company
As China's financial industry, insurance companies have mushroomed all coming out the market, including both state-owned insurance company, another joint-stock insurance companies and foreign insurance companies, making the insured has a great choice, but also faced with more confusion, how to choose insurance company? Consumers may wish to measure the following aspects: As_set_ structure is good. In the insurance industry, whether listed or listed as a whole is able to evaluate whether an insurance company's overall as_set_ quality of the landmark. The so-called "whole market" refers to all the company's as_set_-based market, if an insurance company to achieve the overall market, as evidenced by the company's overall structure is good. Currently, many insurance companies have listed on the mainland or have the listing requirements. Solvency strong. Solvency of insurance companies is critical to insurance consumers. Into effect in March 2003, the "insurance company solvency margin requirements and regulatory indicators," the amount of the solvency of insurance companies have made specific provisions, the insurance company should be in before April 30 each year to the CPA the previous fiscal year Solvency Margin delivery Insurance Regulatory Commission, in accordance with the provisions of Insurance Regulatory Commission, disclosure of the solvency margin. Excellent credit rating. There are many devoted to the international banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions to assess credit rating agencies, such as the United States, Moody's, Standard & Poor's Corporation, which the insurance company's rating can be used as evaluation of the insurance company's credit rating as a reference. Management efficiency. Insurance company management efficiency of high and low, determine the company's rise and fall. Management efficiency from product innovation, market competitiveness, market called capacity, profitability, corporate decision-making capacity, the company adaptability, ability as measured by the company pool. Service quality. Insurance and other commodities, not one-time consumption, the insurance contract in force for several decades, policyholders are often required on a wide range of things that insurance companies provide services such as payment, Shengcun pensioners, address changes, claims etc. Insurance customers of insurance companies can become God, enjoy God's benefits, happy to accept care insurance, the insurance company's service quality is the key.
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Insurance Law Overview
law of insurance First, the definition of Insurance Law Insurance Law refers to the adjustment of the insurance relationship of all legal norms. Where the insurance organizations, insurance rights and obligations of the parties objects, and other legal norms are fortunate Insurance Act. Insurance Act has Guangxia two defined, broad insurance law: including specialized insurance legislation and other laws of the insurance law; narrow Insurance Act: means the Insurance Code or in civil and commercial laws in specific insurance legislation, often including insurance, corporate law, insurance contract law special law and insurance, etc., in addition to the standard insurance policy will also state as part of insurance law. We usually say that the insurance law refers to the narrow definition, it is one method to adjust the insurance industry by the government and insurers, the relationship between insurance intermediaries; the other hand, the insurance contract law by adjusting the relationship between the insurance body. In China, the Insurance Law as well meaning and meaningful form of points, meaning the form: name refers to the insurance law laws and regulations, which specifically refers to insurance laws and regulations; real meaning: refers to the relationship between all the adjustment of the insurance laws and regulations.
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Effect
1, the state economic development effectiveness. Promote financial intermediation and economic landscape of horizontal linkages, to improve the overall efficiency of resource allocation. 2, the joint-stock company to establish and improve self-restraint, self-development, operation and management mechanism. 3, to open up investment channels for investors to expand the investment choices to meet the diversity of investment motives of investors, the transaction needs of motivation and interest, in general, can provide investors with the possibility of higher returns.
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Economic 百科
(1) insurance is a collection of most of the units or individuals. Insurance is a mutual social and economic nature of the activity, reflecting the% 26quot; man for me, and I for all% 26quot; spirit, thousands of families have the same risk of the insured to pay premiums, together, sharing a household economic losses. (2) casualty insurance on the contract and the agreed responsible. Insurance is a commitment to natural disasters and accidents due to loss, but insurance is not insurance risk everything in the world, but there is a certain range, that is, the insurance company as specified in the insurance, or the particular parties to a contract risk of contract or agreement of the event. The risk of a wide range of conventions, including natural disasters, accidents and personal accident; convention events, mainly for personal insurance, is the person's birth, old age, sickness, death, disability and other events. (3) the use of scientific calculation. By law of large numbers can be more accurately predict risk, develop a reasonable rate. The level of risk premium rates and the frequency, extent of damage to adapt. This will be fair and reasonable, in line with commodity economy, the basic requirements to carry on insurance business. (4) the establishment of a dedicated fund. Aggregate premiums paid by the insured (or savings) constitute a special fund that the insurance fund, the insurer is able to perform compensation and benefits (or return) the obligation basis. (5) insurance organizations, financial compensation or payment. Insurance is intended to reduce uncertainty, to protect the stability of economic life, the insurer is the financial compensation and insurance payments to holders and organizers. (6) insurance is an economic form. National insurance is an integral part in, reflect the distribution of national income redistribution in the allocation of a special relationship, by currency (Insurance Fund) run to achieve their financial compensation and benefits functions.
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English Expression
: Insce, Ins, ins. insurance
n.: reinsurance, be bound to, secure, be sure, take advantage of a natural barrier to put up a strong defense, safety, relief, insurance, protection, indemnity, guard, floater, cover, coinsurance, Assurance
v.: make a contract that promises to pay sb an amount of money in case of accident, injury, death, etc, or damage to or loss of sth, insure
risk